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MONTREAL

From 1535 to 1914

BIOGRAPHICAL

VOLUME III

THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY

MONTREAL VANCOUVER CHICAGO
1914

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RI(HAI{I) B. ANGUS

BIOGRAPHICAL

RICHARD BLADWORTH ANGUS.

"No man in Montreal and very few in Canada have had a fuller, riper and
more successful career than 'the man of peace,' as he is known in business circles."
So writes the Toronto Globe of Richard Bladworth Angus, and there is little to
add that would describe the man morfi accurately. A purposeful man, a deep
thinker, a man of the highest principles. Air. Angus is representative of the empire
builders of Canada. Beginning his career in a humble station, he has climbed the
ladder of success rung by rung until he reached the ranks of men like the late
Lord Strathcona, and the present Lord Mount Stephen, with whom he labored in
building the most important railroad lines in the Dominion and with whom he
stood for all that which has made Canada the great empire that it is today. Not
only has Mr. Angus been prominent as a builder and financier of great rail lines,
but he has given of his time and means toward the establishment of great institu-
tions to care for the sick, to bring education to all those who may seek it, to pro-
mote and disseminate a thorough understanding of art — in short, to promote the
intellectual as well as the material welfare of that most enterprising of all British
peoples — the Canadian nation.

Richard B. Angus was born in Bathgate, Scotland, May 28, 183 1, and educated
there. While in his native country he was employed by the Manchester & Liver-
pool Bank for some time and in 1857 entered the offices of the Bank of Montreal
in Canada. To the present generation the name of R. B. Angus has been rightly
considered a synonym for the financial activity instituted by the Bank of Montreal,
for he has been connected with that institution since 1857, having come out from
Scotland to accept a position in the bank in which at a later date he was to be for
many years the guiding hand. His keen mind, his adaptability to new conditions,
his shrewdness and his careful weighing of important questions assured him of
quick promotion and four years after he became connected with the institution he
was placed in charge of the Chicago agency, in 1861 and in 1863 was agent for the
bank in New York.

During his sojourn in Chicago Mr. Angus became acquainted with the spirit
of the great west and what it was hoped might be accomplished there. He saw
the states of Illinois and Iowa budding forth from prairie to splendidly developed
communities and reasoning by analogy he recognized what the future had in store
for the Canadian west following the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway.

5

6 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

The splendid financial standing of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company today
is also in a measure due to the wisdom of this man, whom no doubt Sir Thomas
Shaughnessy considers one of his wisest counsellors.

In 1864 Mr. Angus returned to ^Montreal to become second assistant manager
of the Bank of Montreal, was later appointed assistant manager and became
manager in 1868. In 1869, or two years after the union of the British North
American colonies, Mr. Angus was appointed general manager of the Bank of
jMontreal, a position which he held until November i, 1879. It is said that during
these ten years his advice was sought many times by the diflferent finance ministers
of the Dominion not only as regards federal loans but also concerning the general
financial policy of the country. Although a native of Scotland, where free trade
exists, Mr. Angus looked with favor upon the protectionist program, which tri-
umphed in Canada on the i8th of September, 1878. He saw therein a means
whereby the Dominion could become a great manufacturing country, and he has
lived long enough to see the splendid fruition of that policy.

After his ten years' tenure of office as general manager of the Bank of Montreal
Mr. Angus was called to another sphere of usefulness. When several prominent
men connected with the Bank of Montreal bought out the Dutch interests in what
was then called the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway, those interested,
realizing the ability of Mr. Angus as a financier and organizer, asked him to leave
the bank and become the representative of their interests in St. Paul. Accepting
the management of the railway, his great success during the two years of his
residence in the American northwest has become a part of the history not only of
the American but also of the Canadian northwest. Mr. Angus was one of the first
promoters of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was among the earliest to recog-
nize the stupendous success which would attend the project if there was carried
out an enlightened policy of settlement and industrial expansion. A syndicate was
formed, with Mr. George Stephen, later Lord Mount Stephen, and Mr. Donald
A. Smith, later Lord Strathcona, as its leading spirits. Mr. Angus was one of the
original body and he has remained in connection with the incorporated company
ever since as one of its directors. He advised upon the strategic points where the
chief entrenchments of the first transcontinental road should be laid out and he
pointed out the spots where the Bank of Montreal could most effectively plant its
branches. This policy of his had a great deal to do with the expansion which has
brought the capitalization of the Bank of Montreal and the Canadian Pacific
Railway up to the present colossal figures.

As general manager of the Bank of Montreal Mr. Angus served under four
presidents, namely, T. B. Anderson, F.. H. King, Daxid Torrance and George
Stephen, now Lord Mount Stephen, and he and the latter are the only ones of
the number yet living. I Ic also sat as director with Lord Strathcona and Sir
George A. Drumniond, succeeding tlic latter to the presidency of the liank July 22,
1910. All admit that no one of that galaxy of financiers who have year after year
sat at the historic round table ever rendered greater service to the institution than
R. B. Angus.

At an age when most men throw ofT official cares and responsibilities to enjov
the leisure which prosperity has brought them Mr. Angus in his octogenarian
prime took up as cheerfully as would a man of forty the princi])al position in-
Canada's foremost financial institution. In November, 11)13, on account of ad-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 7

vancing years and a desire to Ije relieved of all financial burdens of a public char-
acter, Mr. Angus resigned the presidency of the Rank of Montreal, but remains a
member of the board and continues to give the institution the benefit of his ripe,
wide and valuable experience.

That worth hath its reward is evident in Mr. Angus' career, who is rated today
as one of the richest men in Montreal. However, he seems to consider himself
more in the light of a steward of his vast property interests, for he freely and
liberally has given of his means and made handsome contributions to numerous
institutions. Among these is the Montreal Art Association, of which he was
formerly president and to which he gave money and several valuable paintings.
He also supported McGill University with a considerable sum and gave to the
Alexandra Contagious Diseases Hospital of Montreal, of which he is a governor
and was a founder. He was president of the Royal Victoria Hospital, which in-
stitution he also has liberally supported, and is a vice president of the Royal Vic-
torian Order of Nurses. The Charity Organization Society, of which he is a
director, has also benefited in a material way and by his timely advice. Mr. Angus
was also a governor of the Montreal General Hospital. An honor to his race and
one of the foremost representatives among Scotchmen in Canada, he served sev-
eral times as president of the St. Andrew's Society of Montreal. Mr. Angus was
governor of the Fraser Institute Free Public Library and is an honorary member
of. the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal.

Among commercial and financial institutions with which he has been or is
connected are the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, the Laurentide Paper Com-
pany, the Dominion Coal Company, the Dominion Iron & Steel Company, the
Dominion Bridge Company, the Royal Trust Company, the Grand Falls Power
Company, the Pacific Coal Company, the Canadian Salt Company, the Northwest
Land Company and the London & Lancashire Life Assurance Company.

Mr. Angus has always taken a deep interest in public institutions and was one
of the chief promoters of the board of control in Montreal, which was founded
in 1909. Pie has ever placed his services at the disposal of such afifairs as have
made for a greater and better Canada. In 1910 knighthood was offered to him,
but he declined the honor.

Among the clubs of which Mr. Angus is a member are: the St. James, of
which he was formerly chairman ; the Alount Royal, of which he was a founder
and of which he has served as president ; the Montreal Jockey ; the Auto and Aero
Club ; the Forest and Stream Club : and the Winter Club. He also is a member
of the Rideau Club of Ottawa, the Toronto Club, the York Club of Toronto and
the Manitoba Club of Winnipeg.

On June 13, 1857, Mr. Angus was married to Miss Mary Anne Daniels, who
died March 13, 1913. To them were born three sons and six daughters, two of
the latter being deceased.

In religious matters Mr. Angus adheres to the stern faith of his fathers, being
a Presbyterian. It may be said of him that in all fields in which he has exerted his
activities he has excelled. Quiet in demeanor, he is purposeful and unconsciously
exerts an influence which makes for domination. That this domination is always
used to good purpose and for the benefit of his country and its people stands to
his high credit. Sir Sandford Fleming paid him high compliment as a banker in
the words that he is a man who "in every way is a credit to the great institution

8 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

over which he so wortliily presides," and the Alontreal Star characterizes him as
"one of Canada's prominent and most highly respected financiers." Mr. Angus is
a true Scotchman, a truer Canadian, but best of all — a man worthy of the name.

LEONIDAS \TLLENEUVE.

From a comparatively humble position in business circles Leonidas Villeneuve
advanced until he ranked w-ith the millionaire merchants of Montreal and
throughout his entire career his record was such as any man might be proud to
possess, bringing to him the respect of colleagues and contemporaries. The
record of his career, showing the steps in his orderly progression, may serve as
a source of inspiration and encouragement to others and in this biography finds
its chief motive and value.

Mr. X'illeneuve was liorn in Terrebonne county, at Ste. Anne des Plaines,
a son of Joachim \'illeneuve, who was a farmer there. His boyhood and youth
were uneventfully passed, but when twenty years of age he determined to try
his fortune in the commercial field. He was attracted to the lumber business
and, believing that he would find it congenial and profitable, he established a
small lumberyard north of Mount Royal avenue, in the ownership and conduct
of which he was first associated with the late Senator J. O. Mlleneuve. Gradu-
ally he advanced toward the goal of success, his business growing with the
development of the district. He remained at its head until his death, eventually
conducting an extensive liusiness under the name of the L. \'illeneuve Company.
This brought him substantial returns and his fortune also arose through his wise
and judicious investments in real estate. From time to time he added to his
holdings and, when there was a real-estate boom in the district, he had extensive
holdings, a portion of which he sold, realizing therefrom a handsome fortune.

Mr. \'illeneuve w-as a prominent figure in local circles in connection with the
growth and progress of his section. When the district north of Mount Roval
avenue gradually developed from a sparsely settled region into a fast growing
town he was one of the leading spirits in planning roadwavs, parks and public
improvements. To him in great measure it is due that, \vi its wide streets and
well built homes, Laurier ward is among the most attracts e in this city. He
was for twenty years associated with ihe municipal life of \'ille St. Louis, first
serving as alderman and afterward for three terms as mayor.

In politics Mr. X'illeneuve was a stalwart conservative, but while working
actively in the party and doing everything in his power to promote its growth and
secure its success, he could never be tempted to try his fortune in cither the
federal or provincial fields, although he was requested on many occasions to carry
the party banner. He was imiversally respected for his unswerving business
honesty and uprightness, and upon these (|ualities as a foundation he builded his
success, which placed him among the leaders in his particular line in eastern
Canada. His sound judgment enabled him to correctly value those things which
go to make up life's contacts and experiences. His opinions were sound, his
enterprise unfaltering and his activities were of a character that contributed
to the public welfare as well as to individual success. Mr. \'illeneuve was a

LEONIDAS VILLENEUVE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 11

member of the Roman Catholic church, and took a great deal of interest in church
aflfairs.

Mr. Villeneuve was married twice. His first wife was Malvina Joyal, a sister
of Dr. Joyal. of Montreal, and to them was born a son, J. Arthur, who was
educated in Montreal and traveled extensively with his father in Europe. He
married Miss Yvonne Lariviere, of Montreal, and has a son, Jean Leonidas, born
July II, 1913. J- Arthur Villeneuve is vice president of the L. Villeneuve Com-
pany and of the Eagle Lumber Company and is a worthy successor of his father
in connection with the lumber industry of the country. For his second wife
Leonidas Villeneuve chose Dame F.xilda Bergeron, who also survives. His
life of intense and intelligently directed activity brought him success and, more-
over, he always followed constructive methods in his business career, so that
his path was never strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes.

HENRY R. GRAY.

Tangible evidence of the public spirit of Henry R. Gray is found in his
service as chairman of the board of health and the radical and effective measures
which he took in preventing the spread of a small-pox epidemic. He did equally
efficient work in promoting sanitary conditions in Montreal along various lines
and at the same time he occupied a prominent position as a representative of the
pharmaceutical profession. He was born December 30, 1838, in Boston, Lincoln-
shire, England, and pursued his education at Standard Hill, Nottingham, the
head master of the school being William Goodacre. the well known author
of several standard educational works. He was afterward articled for five years
to William March, chemist and apothecary, at Newark. England, and subse-
quently pursued a course of lectures on chemistry under the celebrated Roscoe
in Manchester.

Coming to Canada when twenty-one years of age, Mr. Gray established his
business in Montreal in 1859 and for several years devoted his attention to the
study of sanitary science and particularly to the question of the sanitation of
cities. He was connected with every movement to improve the sanitary condi-
tion of Montreal and his labors were of far-reaching benefit. He became one of
the originators of the Pharmaceutical Association of the province, of which he
was elected secretary and later treasurer and vice president. He was next
called to the presidency, serving for three consecutive years and also as a member
of the board of examiners. He became one of the charter members of the
Montreal College of Pharmacy and for two years was its president.

In 1884 he was elected alderman of the St. Lawrence ward and soon after-
ward was unanimously chosen by the city council as chairman of the local board
of health, serving in that difficult position during the whole of the disastrous
epidemic of small-pox which devastated the city and province in 1885 and 1886.
When the disease broke out and the death rate amounted to twenty-five per day,
there was little civic organization to prevent the spread of disease or further the
promotion of sanitary conditions. \'accination was opposed, but Mr. Gray
organized a vigorous campaign to stamp out the disease and obtained the passage

12 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of by-laws insisting on free and compulsory vaccination. He also organized a
civic hospital and insisted on all the small-pox patients being sent to the isolation
hospital. Through this and other emergency methods he allayed the general
fear and stamped out the disease. It was in that year that he succeeded in get-
ting a by-law through the city council requiring all household refuse to be cre-
mated, and shortly afterward crematories were erected and a contract for five
years' collection and cremation given out.

After having served a three years' term as alderman Mr. Gray declined
reelection. He was appointed by the government a justice of the peace and a
member of the council of public instruction for the province of Quebec and was
elected to represent it on the corporation of the polytechnic school of this city.
He was likewise a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital and the Notre
Dame Hospital. When the public health act passed the legislature, shortly after
the small-pox epidemic, Mr. Gray, who in addition to his aldemianic duties
had been a member of the old central board of health for the province, was
appointed a member of the new provincial board of health then created and
remained a member until his death. In 1885 he was elected membre honoraire
de la Societe d'Hygiene Frangaise of Paris, France. After his retirement from
the city council he was requested by a number of leading citizens of all parties
and creeds to accept the nomination of mayor, but owing to business reasons
he was obliged to decline.

Mr. Gray married Miss Catherine Margaret McGale. the youngest daughter
of the late Dr. Bernard McGale, who was a member of the army medical stafif.
Mr. Gray died February 18, 1908, and is survived by his wife, three daughters
and a son. Dr. H. R. Dunstan Gray. The memory of his well spent life is cher-
ished by all who were his contemporaries and his colleagues, and the worth of
his work is recognized by all who know aught of the history of Montreal.

JAMES JOHNSTON.

Throughout an active, commercial career James Johnston was engaged in
importing and dealing in English and foreign dry goods, in which connection he
built up an enterprise of extensive and gratifying proportions, his becoming one
of the leading commercial houses of Montreal. He was born March 20, 1849,
a son of James and Mary (Burns) Johnston, both of whom were natives of
Scotland, who, coming to the new world in early life, were married in Montreal.
The father, who was born in 1819, passed away in this city on the 27th of
May, 1882.

Spending his youthful days under the parental roof, James Johnston pursued
his education in the schools of Montreal and Quebec and, entering business
circles, he became connected with the firm of James Johnston & Company, im-
porters of and dealers in dry goods of English and foreign manufacture, of
which his father was the head. After the death of his father he became head of
the business, devoting his entire attention to the development of a trade which,
grew to large and gratifying proportions, making his one of the leading dry-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 13

goods establisliiiients in tlie city. Since his demise the store has been sold and is
now conducted under the firm style of W. R. Brock Company, Ltd.

Mr. Johnston was married in Montreal, in 1876, to Miss Agnes Grant Rob-
ertson, a daughter of Andrew Robertson, who was a prominent resident of this
city, liy this marriage there were eight children of whom seven are living.
The family circle was broken by the hand of death when on the 14th of July,
1899, James Johnston was called to his final rest. His interests and activities,
aside from business, are indicated by the fact that he held memberslii]) in tlie
St. James Club, the Metropolitan Club, the Hunt Club, the Forest and Stream
Club, and St. Paul's Presbyterian church. He was always actuated by high and
manly principles and worthy motives, and he left to his family the priceless
heritage of an untarnished name as well as the substantial reward of his busi-
ness enterprise and sagacity.

MICHAEL JAMES WALSH.

Michael James \\'alsh is prominent idong various lines of activity in Montreal,
where he is widely known as a successful insurance broker but has also actively
participated in an important way in political and governmental affairs and is
moreover widely known in fraternal circles. Of good Irish stock, he has brought
the sturdiness of his ancestors to the task at hand anrl has attained a success which
entitles him to consideration as one of the substantial men of his community and
a power for progress and improvement in the political field.

A native of Montreal, Michael James Walsh was born on the 2d of Septem-
ber, 1858, a son of Mark and Catherine (Nolan) Walsh, both natives of County
Wexford, Ireland. The father was prominent as a contractor and everywhere
in this city respected as a successful business man. Michael J. Walsh received
his education at St. Ann's parish. Christian Brothers School, and upon discon-
tinuing his lessons became connected with the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific
Railways, remaining for about ten years in their employ in their store depart-
ments. He then set out independently, becoming an insurance broker, and by
native shrewdness and ability to understand commercial conditions has succeeded
in building up a business which ranks him among the foremost men in his line in
Montreal. When his private affairs permitted him to devote some of his time
to the public weal he entered politics with the same zest as he displayed in his
private business affairs and as a result was elected alderman of the St. Ann's ward
on February I, 1902, continuing in that ofiice for four years or until February i,
1906, and doing valuable work in promoting measures which have been of far-
reaching benefit to the city. On November 25, 1904, he was also elected a mem-
ber of the Quebec provincial legislature and on December 28, 1908, reelected to
that office, continuing therein until May 15, 191 2. His legislative career has been
one of success and his record has been so clear that his constituents may well be
proud of their representative. He has done much in supporting valuable bills,
especially those undertaken in the interest of his constituents, and has ever been
active in committee rooms and on the floor of the house in sustaining or ])ro-
moting constructive legislation. His political position is that of a liberal, and

14 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

he always has been a stanch supporter of that grand man of the liberal party,
Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

On October 9, 18S2, at Montreal, in St. Henry parish church, Mr. Walsh was
married to Mary Jane Barry, a daughter of David Barry, mechanical superin-
tendent of the Canada Sugar Refinery, and Mary O'Leary, both natives of County
Cork. Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Walsh became the parents of two sons. Joseph
Christopher Barry Walsh. B. A., B. C. L., is a well known notary public. The
other son born to the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Walsh is David Robert Barry
Walsh, who graduated from Loyola College and is now successfully engaged in
the insurance business, being inspector for the Royal Exchange Association.
Both sons are young men of excellent habits and qualifications.

As the years have passed Mr. W^alsh has become connected with a number
of outside interests and is now a director in the People's ]\Iutual Building Society
and for many years has been a member of the Montreal Board of Trade, doing
in that connection important work in promoting commercial expansion. Fra-
ternally he is very prominent and has held high offices in the Knights of Colum-
bus, the Catholic Order of Foresters, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association,
the Canadian Order of Foresters, the Royal Guardians, the Ancient Order of
Hibernians and in St. Patrick's Society. A man of varied and important inter-
ests, Mr. Walsh has made an honorable record in business as well as in munici-
pal and provincial politics and enjoys the full confidence of the best classes of
population. In him there is strongly developed the quality of loyalty, and it is
his devotion to a cause which has led him into the important relations with which
he is now connected. He may justly be classed with ^Montreal's leading citizens,
and the position which he has attained is the more creditable as it has been brought
about entirely by his own efl:'orts.

JAMES BELL, M. D.

Notable service in the field of abdominal surgery won for Dr. James Bell an
international reputation. His broad study and research made him a scientist of
renown and his opinions were largely accepted as authority by the profession
which recognized him not only as an eminent surgeon, but equally capable edu-
cator. He was born at North Cower, Ontario, in 1852, and after acquiring his
early education in local schools and by jjrivali tuition, he entered Mctiill Univer-
sity and was graduated as Holmes' gold medallist in 1S77, a fact indicative of the
excellent work which he had done in his student days. He was innnediately
appointed house surgeon in the Montreal Ceneral Hospital, which position he
held until 1882, gaining that l)road practical experience and knowledge which
only hospital practice can bring. In 1880 he became medical suijerintendent of
the Montreal General Hospital and in 1885 was ai)i)iiintcd ti) the position of
assistant surgeon, followed by appointment as surgeon a year later, lie tilled
the position with distinction for eight years and then became surgeon of the new
Royal Victoria Hospital in 1894, remaining in that connection until his demise.
As the years passed his skill and ability constantly increased and developed and

]JR. .lAMKS iu-:r.L

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 17

his reputation spread abroad until he was acknowledged not only one of the emi-
nent surgeons of Canada, but also, by reason of his specialty in abdominal work,
as one of the most distinguished representatives of the profession on the American
continent. He became just as widely known in connection with surgical work
for the treatment of gall stones and kidney diseases. In addition to his other
hospital service he was consulting surgeon of the Children's Hospital. After
going to \'ictoria Hospital he remained a consulting surgeon of the Montreal
General Hospital and also acted in a similar capacity at the Maternity Hospital.

His connection with McGill University was equally brilliant, for through many
years he was one of its able educators in the medical department. In 1888 he
was appointed associate professor of clinical surgery. In i8go he was made
assistant professor of surgery and clinical surgery; in 1895, professor of clinical
surgery, and in 1907, professor of surgery and clinical surgery. He held member-
ship in the American Surgical Association and the Canadian Surgical Association,
and he served as surgeon major in charge of the field hospital corps in the Riel
rebellion, receiving a medal for his services, while between 1880 and 1888, he was
surgeon to the Si-xth Battalion of Fusiliers. He was the author of various valua-
ble papers, including one entitled Tubercular Family History, and his contribu-
tions to the press have ever been eagerly received. He was the author of the
chapter on Surgical Diseases and Wounds of the Kidneys and Ureters in Amer-
ican Practice of Surgery as well as numerous valuable treatises on the kidneys.
He was a member of the Genito-Urinary branch of the American Medical
Association in which he represented the Canadian Medical Association. As a
diagnostician he had few equals and he possessed a medical technique that was
marvelous. One of his strongest traits of character was his utter fearlessness.
He spoke his own mind and was seldom misunderstood. He never catered to
cheaply acquired popularity or public opinion and always had the courage of his
convictions. He spoke what he thought to be the truth no matter who it opposed
or oflfended. He thoroughly detested sham or deceit and was self-contained,
quiet and self-reliant in connection with all of his professional service.

Dr. Bell was married in June, 1889, to Miss Edith Alary Arnton, the eldest
daughter of the late John J. Arnton, of Montreal, and they had one son, James
Stuart Ethelwyn Wallace, wdio was born February 15, 1899, and in accordance
with the wish of his father is preparing for the medical course at McGill. Dr.
Bell was a member of a number of the leading clubs, including St. James, the
Montreal Jockey, the Mount Royal and the University Clubs. He was for more
than twenty years one of the enthusiastic members of the Montreal Hunt Club
and for many years followed the hounds. He greatly enjoyed outdoor life, much
more than so-called society and said with Byron,

"I love not man the less but nature more."
He was fond of hunting and fishing and it was his custom each year to hunt big
game in New Brunswick where he was often a guest at August Belmont's private
shooting preserve. Dr. Bell was also a member of the Chapleau Club in the
Laurentians where he went for his fishing. His country home, Saraguay, was
his residence during four months in the year for more than eighteen years. Here
he maintained a fine breeding establishment of driving and saddle horses and
was able to gratify the great pleasure his excellent stock afforded him, for he was
a lover of a good horse.

18 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

iS'o man ever more fully, however, recognized the duties and obligations of
the profession or more conscientiously met them. The regard entertained for him
by his professional brethren is indicated in the fact that Dr. C. E. Church termed
him '"the ablest surgeon in America,"' while Dr. T. G. Roddick said, "the death
of Dr. James Bell is a distinct loss to the medical and surgical profession. He
was a man of marked ability, with conscientious devotion to his work, which
earned him the respect of his fellows, as well as success amongst his patients.
And he was not only respected by the profession throughout the country, but
loved by his friends." In comment upon his death the Montreal Gazette wrote,
"One of the men who have done much for the advancement of the medical pro-
fession in Canada passed away yesterday when Dr. James Bell, in the ripe fullness
of a useful career, was carried off by appendicitis. It was by a curious irony
of fate that Dr. Bell died most unexpectedly at the Royal Victoria Hospital, in
whose wards still lay many upon whom he had operated, and whose lives he had
probably saved by his skill. For many years Dr. Bell had been recognized as
one of Canada's leading surgeons, in fact one of the greatest surgeons in abdom-
inal work on this continent and his services were in great demand, not only in
Montreal, but wherever the work of a skillful scientist whose immediate judg-
ment and power might be efficacious to save human life, was needed. Day by
day he had been working in the operating room of the Royal Victoria Hospital
and the sick rooms of patients, in circumstances where a single mistake might
mean loss of life. The strain was much greater than ordinary people could have
imagined. He was one of those men who devoted themselves to their work so
well and performed it so efficiently that there was no need to fight for prominence.
His work was such that it inevitably grew. As his ability became known his
services became more in demand and in a quiet and conscientious way he grad-
ually became one of the recognized surgical authorities of his time and one of the
busiest. Not only in Montreal but in many parts of Canada he was called upon
wherever there was a stern fight against death, and frequently he was called to
exercise his skill even farther afield in the United States. Those who knew him
as either surgeon or as friend will remember him as one who knew his work and
did it well, without thought of public recognition."

Dr. Bell was actively engaged in professional duties almost to the closing
hours of his life. On the last day he visited Victoria Hospital he performed
an operation in the forenoon. In the evening of the same day he was taken ill
and the end came a few days later. The board of governors of the Royal Vic-
toria Hospital caused to be made a bronze bust of Dr. Bell which was placed in
the main hall of that hospital. The significance of this action is better understood
when it is known that but one other bust is there shown — that of Oueen \'ictoria.

JOSEPH 0\TDE GRAVEL.

Joseph Ovide Gravel, for many years manager and executor of the John
Pratt estate in Montreal and ])rominently connected with other important cor-
porate and business interests of the city, was born here in 1839. He acquired
his education in the commercial schools of the city and in 1S54 began a business

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 19

career which brought him constantly increasing prominence and prosperity.
From that date until 1863 he was connected with the firm of Benning & Darsalou
and was then made secretary-treasurer of the Canadian Rubber Company, taking
an active part in the affairs of that concern until 1899. He was later a director
in the Canadian Linseed Oil Mills, a trustee of the Guardian Assurance Com-
pany, president of the Sincennes-McNaughton line and of the Dominion Oil
Cloth Company. He became known as a reliable, forceful and discriminating
business man, one who always carried forward to successful completion what-
ever he undertook, and he made his ability and insight the basis of a substantial
and well deserved success. He married Aurelie La Rocque. His son, C. E.
Gravel, is now in charge of the Pratt estate and is ably carrying forward his
father's work in its management.

JOSEPH LOUIS ARCHAMBAULT.

Joseph Louis Archambault. of Alontreal, whose reputation as a distinguished
and able lawyer has made him well known throughout the province and who is
now filling the position of city attorney, was born at Varennes, June 19, 1849,
a son of the late J. N. A. and Aurelie (Mongeau) Archambault. The father,
who was "a patriot of 1837," became president of the provincial board of nota-
ries in Quebec and was a distinguished representative of his profession. The son
supplemented his early education by study in the College of St. Hyacinthe and
in broad literary training laid the foundation upon which he has built the super-
structure of professional knowledge. He pursued his law studies under the
direction of the late Sir George Cartier and at the same time followed the law
course in McGill University, which conferred upon him the B. C. L. degree in
1871. The same year he entered upon active practice as an advocate and has
since remained a member of the Montreal bar, although his growing powers and
capabilities have won him place among the leaders of the profession in the prov-
ince. He was created a king's counsel by the Marquis of Lansdowne in 1887
and became a member of the council of the bar in 1889. For some years he filled
the position of crown prosecutor for the district of Montreal and has frequently
pleaded before the judicial committee of the privy council in England, having
cliarge of important cases from Canada. He became city attorney of Montreal
in 1898 and in the discharge of his official duties has won high honors and
encomiums. He has always enjoyed a large private practice and in following
his profession has been associated successively as law partner with Sir J. A.
Chapleau, O. C, the Hon. J. A. Mousseau, O. C. and the Hon. W. W. Linch,
Q. C. He has written quite extensively on legal subjects for the newspaper and
magazine press and is the author of a number of published volumes, including:
Jacques Cartier, an Historical Drama (1879); Etude Legale sur I'Universite
Laval a Montreal (1880) ; Institutions Municipales (1887) ; Le Barreau Canadien
au Conseil Prive (iSSg): Genealogie de la Famille Archambault, 1620-1890
(1891) ; La Bourgeoisie au Canada, Two Lectures (1894) ; The Criminal Forum
in Canada (1895) ; and Etude de Moeurs Judiciares (1897). His opinions upon
involved legal questions are largely accepted as authority by the profession and

20 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

the public. He served as batonnier or president of the Montreal bar in 19 12 and
1913. In addition to his law practice he is one of the directors of the Rolland
Paper Company.

Mr. Archambault was married in Montreal in June, 1873, to Miss Ernestine,
the eldest daughter of the late Senator Rolland, of Montreal. In religious faith
Mr. and Mrs. Archambault are Catholics, and his political belief is that of the
conservative party. He belongs to the Canadian Club and those who meet him
socially find him an entertaining, genial and cultured gentleman whose ways are
those of refinement and whose word no man can question. The Montreal Star
has said of him: "His career has been marked with continuous success and
great devotion to the legal profession." His prominence is the logical outcome
of well developed talents and powers and he is justly accounted today one of
the leaders of the provincial bar.

JOHN CLEMENT NEUF\'ILLE BADGLEY.

The Badgley family is one of the old and prominent families of Montreal,
their connection with the city's history dating back to 1785.

Four generations of this family have been prominently identified with the
city's business and professional interests. John C. N. Badgley, active in busi-
ness circles for many years, remained a resident of this city from his birth on
December 7, 1856, until his death on March 7, 1906.

He was a son of the Hon. William Badgley, D. C. L., one of the eminent repre-
sentatives of the judiciary of the province, and a nephew of Dr. Francis Badgley,
one of the most prominent members of the medical profession of his day and an
early member of the McGill College faculty. Dr. Badgley died in England where
he resided the latter years of his life.

Hon. William Badgley, whose entire life was spent in Montreal, was born in
this city, March 2-/, 1801, his parents being Francis and Elizabeth (Lilly) Badgley.
The father, a representative of an old Derbyshire family, was born in London
and for years was a well known Montreal merchant. He was likewise a recog-
nized leader in political circles and represented his city in the provincial parlia-
ment from i8or until 1805. The father of the Hon. William Badgley, Francis
Badgley, was one of the early settlers of Montreal, arriving in 1785. I'^rancis
Badgley became one of the prominent fur merchants in Montreal and married
Elizabeth Lilly, daughter of John Lilly.

William Badgley, after pursuing his more specifically literary education with
the Rev. Alexander Skakel, studied law in Montreal and was admitted to the
bar in Nov-ember, 1823. He entered at once upon active and successful practice,
was created queen's counsellor in 1847 and received the honorary degree of
Doctor of Civil Law from McGill University in 1843. For about twenty years
he practised his profession in Montreal and gained distinction as a barrister.
He was also the author of a work called Remarks on Registrar's Office which
was published in 1837. In 1840 he was called to public life in his appointment as
commissioner of bankrupts, in which capacity he served until 1844. when he was
appointed circuit judge. He was also secretary of the Constitutional Associa-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 21

tion which aided in the reunion of the Canadas in 1841 and two or three years
before that act was consummated he was one of the delegates sent to England
to further the movement. He continued upon the bench as circuit judge until
1847 and then resumed the private practice of law. Judicial honors, however,
were again conferred upon him when on the 27th of January, 1855, he was
appointed puisne judge of the superior court of Lower Canada, so continuing
until the ist of September, 1862, when he was transferred to the court of
queen's bench as temporary assistant judge. Later he was appointed puisne
judge of that court on the 17th of August, 1866, and after presiding over its
proceedings for eight years was retired on a pension in June, 1874, because of
partial deafness. Devotedly attached to his profession, systematic and method-
ical in habit, sober and discreet in judgment, calm in temper, diligent in research,
conscientious in the discharge of every duty, coiirteous and kindly in demeanor
and inflexibly just on all occasions, these qualities enabled his honor, William
Badgley, to take first rank among those who have held high judicial offices in
the province. His reported opinions are monuments to his profound legal learn-
ing and superior ability. They show a thorough mastery of the questions involved,
a rare simplicity of style and a remarkable terseness and clearness in the state-
ment of the principles upon which the opinions rest. His name is also inter-
woven with the histor\' of legislation for he sat for jMissisquoi in the Canadian
assembly from 1844 until 1851, and for the city of Montreal from the latter
date until the general election in 1854. He was a member of the executive coun-
cil and attorney general for Lower Canada from April 23, 1847, to March 10,
1848. He always gave stanch allegiance to the conservative party, feeling that
in its principles lay the strongest elements of good government. His fraternal
connections were with the Masons, and he was district and provincial grand
master for England from December, 1849, until his demise.

With him passed away one of the links which have bound the bustling men
of middle age today with a generation of which the youth of today know but
very little, of men more proud and precise in their manners than we are, and
whose courtesy and politeness was a part of their daily life. The loss of their
influence and example is no small one.

In 1834, in London, England, Judge Badgley was married' to Miss Elizabeth
Taylor, the eldest daughter of Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Taylor of the Twentieth
Regiment B. N. T. Six children were born to this marriage ; the wife and mother
passed away in 1874.

John C. N. Badgley, youngest son of the Hon. William Badgley, pursued his
education in Montreal high school and McGill University after spending some
time as a student at Port Hope. When a young man he engaged in the coal
business and was connected with that department of commercial activity in Mon-
treal throughout his entire life. He became one of the active business men of this
city, his energy and enterprise leading him into important, commercial relations
and winning for him a high standing as a business man and citizen.

He married Miss Mary E. Badgley, a daughter of Francis H. and Margaret
(Drummond) Badgley of Ottawa.

John C. N. Badgley not only figured prominently in commercial circles but
was also a well known member of the Board of Trade< a past master of St.
Paul's Lodge of Masons and a member of the Christ Church cathedral. His death

22 HISTORY OF IMONTREAL

on March 7, 1906, left a widow, son and daughter. The latter, Elizabeth Ruth,
married October 10, 1913, John William Shaw of Montreal, while the former,
Clement ^Montagu, was born September 17, 1886, in Montreal and is the fourth
generation of the Badgley family that have been connected with Montreal's
business interests. He finished his education in tliis city and after spending
some time in travel abroad, concluded to enter upon a business, rather than a
professional, career. He was in the employ of the Liverpool & London & Globe
Insurance Company for a time, after which he became assistant head clerk for
the Atlas Insurance Company. With the valuable experience thus gained,
Mr. Badgley entered the insurance and real-estate business on his own account,
and at once secured a clientele that gave him a high position among the best
class of men in this line of business. He subsequently became associated with
David A. Lewis, as the firm of Lewis & Badgley, in real estate and insurance,
with offices in the Merchants Bank building.

]Mr. Badgley is a member of the JMontreal Amateur Athletic Association, and
the Canadian Club.

JAMES ROSS.

For almost a half century James Ross was intimately associated with the
growth and development of Canada and was an active factor in establishing,
building and promoting many of the leading national and municipal railways
of the country. It was under him that Sir William Mackenzie started his career
and subsequently he cooperated with him in various enterprises throughout
the world. He was also a long-time associate of Sir Sandford Fleming, Sir
William \'an Home, Sir Thomas Shaughnessy and Lord Strathcona, more
particularly in the '80s, in the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He
was also actively interested in the executive control of the Montreal and
Toronto street railways from 1892. The extent and importance of his busi-
ness interests and investments made him therefore a most prominent factor
in the upbuilding and development of the country and his name is insepara-
bly interwoven with the history of Canada.

Mr. Ross was a son of the late Captain John Ross, merchant and ship
owner, and Mary B. (McKedie) Ross, formerly of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Eng-
land. His birth occurred in the year 1848 at Cromarty, Scotland, and after
attending Inverness Academy in his native land he continued his studies in
England. His initial step in the business world brought him into connection
with railway, harbor and water works in Great Britain. Following his arrival
in America he was aj^pointcd, in 1870, to the position of resident engineer
of the Ulster & Delaware Railway, of which road he afterward became chief
engineer. In 1872 he acted as resident engineer of tlic \\'isconsin Central
Railway and subsequently held a similar position with the Lake Ontario
Shore road. It was not long' before his efliciency as an engineer w-on him
wide recognition and he was oiTered the position of chief engineer of the
Victoria Railway, of which he subsef|uently became general manager. He
was one of the most successful railwav builders and owners in the Dominion,

JAMKS ROSS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 25

the construction of the Canadian Pacific over the Rockies being clue lu his
power of organization and engineering abiHty. and when Sir Donald Smith,
later Lord Strathcona, drove the last spike of the road, no one of that historic
group held a higher place in public regard in Canada than Mr. Ross.

His active operations in the field of railway construction included the
building of the Credit Valley Railway in 1878-79 and upon its completion he
was appointed general manager of the road and ahso filled the position of
consulting engineer of the Ontario and Quebec Railway. In the spring of
1883 as general manager of construction, Mr. Ross began at Swift Current the
building of the Canadian Pacific Railway over the Rockies, the Selkirks and
the Gold Range, and early in November, 1885, this stretch of six hundred and
twenty-three miles ending at Craig Ellachie, was completed more than a
year ahead of time, creating a record for fast railway building on this conti-
nent and evoking from Sir William Van Home the statement that such a record
meant millions to the Canadian Pacific Railway. It was during the building
of the road over the mountains that Mr. Ross might be said to have discovered
and subsequently c^me into close touch with William Mackenzie, Donald
Mann (both since knighted), Herbert S. Holt and several others who later
on took a front place among the railway magnates and financial leaders of
Canada. In t886 Mr. Ross brought about the settlement of location of the
Canadian Pacific east of Montreal and the legislative difficulties attending
the entry of the road into the state of Maine. Upon completing his arduous
and complex task he took the contract for the construction of the remaining
portion of their line not already provided for. The extensions and improve-
ments of the Canadian Pacific created difificult tasks of civil engineering which
were ably performed by Mr. Ross who at the same time considered the ques-
tion of railway construction in South America for which he had options.
The railways of the southern continent were to be built in Argentine and
Chile and the options in those two republics alone amounted to over twenty
million dollars. Mr. Ross was also interested in important contracts in Chi-
cago and elsewhere.

He established his home permanently in Montreal in 1888 and from this
point supported his active professional interests, contracting and building
the Regina and Long Lake Railways some two hundred and fifty miles in
length. In 1889 he supervised the construction of the Calgary & Edmonton
Railway, three hundred miles in length.

Having proven his capability in the field of steam railway construction
Mr. Ross, in 1892, largely concentrated his energies upon problems of street
railway building and in connection with Sir William Mackenzie purchased
the Toronto Railway from the city of Toronto. He afterward rebuilt the
tracks and installed electric power in the operation of the road. In 1892 he
undertook the reorganization of the Montreal Street Railway, changing i;
from horse car to electric service. He was at the head of the syndicate that
purchased the franchise from the old City Passenger Railway Company. In
the same way he converted the street railways of Winnipeg and St. John,
New Brunswick, into electric lines and in 1896 he joined Sir William Mac-
kenzie in the purchase of the tramway systems of Birmingham, England,
and organized the City of Birmingham Tramways Company for the operation

26 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of the road under an electric system. In the following year he secured a
charter and franchise from the government of Jamaica to build electric tram-
ways on the island.

The energy and enterprise of Mr. Ross seemed limitless. No matter how
many and how important were the enterprises with which he wa* actively
connected it seemed possible for him to take on others and become a factor
in their successful control. He was one of the promoters of the Lake of the
Woods Milling Company in 1887, chief promoter of the Columbia River
Lumber Company in 1889 and of the Canadian Land and Investment Com-
pany in 1891. His opinions carried weight in the councils of various com-
panies with which he was connected as a member of the board of directors,
including the Bank of Montreal ; Calgary and Edmonton Land Company,
Limited ; Canada Life Insurance Company ; Canada Sugar Refining Company,
Limited ; Canadian General Electric Company, Limited ; Laurentide Paper
Company, Limited; Royal Trust Company; and Dominion Bridge Company
and St. John Railway Company, of which two last named he was president.

Writing of his business career a local paper said : "One of the most inter-
esting periods of Mr. Ross's life was that of his prominent connection with
the Dominion Coal and the Dominion Iron and Steel Companies, lasting for
a period of upwards of ten years. At a comparatively early stage of the
development of the coal and iron industries on the island of Cape Breton,
Mr. Ross with his customary business astuteness, foresaw the possibilities
of great development, and decided to invest a considerable amount of his
capital there. He became the owner of a large block of shares in the coal
company, and after the promotion of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company
in 1901 he became a director. As it was obvious that the interests of the
two concerns would, if steel turned out a success, be very much bound up,
Mr. Ross increased his holdings in coal until, in the same year, the Steel Com-
pany was launched, his interest became paramount, and he was placed in the
position of being able to dictate the policy of the company. Having retired
from active participation in many of the interests which made his earlier
career such a busy one, he determined to give his personal attention to the
development of his Cape Breton interests and with that object in view he
accepted the office of vice president of the Dominion Coal Company and
managing director of the Dominion Iron and Steel Company in 1901.

"The succeeding years were destined to be full of business anxieties and
lively contendings but his keen business ability and foresight brought him to
the end of his active connection with the companies a much richer man than
when he went in, despite the loss of the fight in the courts over the dispute
about the terms of the contract for the supply of coal to the Steel Company,
1907-08.

"Besides this fight Mr. Ross conducted the afTairs of the Coal Company
through disastrous fires which seriously affected the output of the mines,
and labor troubles one of which was of a ])rotracted and costly nature.
Throughfjut all the various negotiations which were almost continuously
carried on between the two companies for years, Mr. Ross found his i)ara-
niiiunt interest was in the Coal Company although he was financially and
executively interested in both, so that eventually he withdrew from the steel

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 27

board and gave his whole time to the Coal Com]jany, beconiinj( its president,
a post he retained until Decenihcr. i<;ow. In March, Kjog. at the annual meet-
ing of the Dominion Coal Comiiany, Mr. Ross made an exhaustive statement
concerning the relations of the two companies followins; the decision of the
Privy Council in the precedini;- month, in which he justilied the course taken
by his company. He explained from the coal point of view, how the comjjany
had saved the Steel Company from bankruptcy at a critical time following
the termination of the lease of the Coal Company to Steel in 1903 and the
subsequent dispute which became acute in 1906 and reached the courts the
following year. The final settlement of the terms of the judgment between
the two companies and the eventual purchase of Mr. Ross' interest in coal
for four million, seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, which tnok place
late in 1909 when he retired from the presidency and Coal was amalgamated
with Steel, concluded the most interesting and strenuous period of his career.

"Although Mr. Ross had strong likes and dislikes he never hesitated to
proclaim openly ability he .saw in the make-up of a business opponent. A
conversation during the progress of the Steel and Coal litigation brought out
this characteristic to a marked degree. During that memorable conflict Mr.
J. H. Plummer and Sir William \^an Home were perhaps more prominently
in the firing line on the Steel side than any one else, while Mr. Ross for the
Coal Company was the inner and outer defenses and commander-in-chief
combined. He was asked one day while discussing the possibilities of Cana-
dian Pacific Railway stock what would take place supposing anything
happened to Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, whereupon Mr. Ross said : 'This
statement will surprise you, but Van Home would have to go back,' thus pay-
ing a high compliment to his chief adversary in the Steel-Coal conflict. The
manner in which Mr. Ross came to the rescue of a very important brokerage
firm, the head of which is now dead, the day following President Cleveland's
message on the Venezuelan situation was another indication, not only of his
good heart, but general interest in the financial community. The market was
in a bad way generally when the message to congress accentuated to such an
extent the unrest and lack of confidence, that gilt-edged securities were
without buyers, even at ruinous prices. The financier in question was
desperately in need of funds and although his securities were of the best,
the then general manager of the Bank of Montreal, who has also passed away,
did not consider himself justified in making the advance. When James Ross
heard of the aiifair he came forward and said : 'We cannot afTord to allow
this man to go to the wall, for if he goes half of St. Frangois Xavier street
will tumble with him. Give him a million, take his securities and charge
the amount to my account.' Another public-spirited director assumed half
the responsibility and a very grave financial smash was averted.

"Mr. Ross was first president of the Mexican Light, Heat and Power
Company and during his several visits to the Mexican capital was brought in
contact with the then ruling spirits of the republic. He at once formed a
very high opinion of the then president with whom Mr. Ross had several
interesting interviews, touching the trade relations of Canada and Mexico,
and with that never erring foresight he akso stated to a friend on his return
from the Mexican capital that if ever Diaz was forced to relinquish the helm

28 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of state, trouble would follow in the southern republic as it did not appear
to the Montreal financier that there were enough of trained men around the
then president to carry on successfully the affairs of that country, and the
words of the former appear to have been prophetic.

"Although having a commanding interest in many other establishments
and industries Mr. Ross used to say that the Bank of Montreal, the Canadian
Pacific Railway and the Dominion Coal Company were nearest his heart.
He was a director in the first named institution since 1899, the largest individ-
ual shareholder in the great national railway system and up to a few years
ago the president and the holder of five million dollars stock in the last named
corporation. Mr. James Ross succeeded the late Mr. Hugh McLennan and
had been in consequence director of the Bank of Montreal for fourteen years.
Speaking of the loss that institution sustained in the death of Mr. Ross, its
vice president and general manager, Mr. H. V. Meredith, said: 'We have lost
an eminently strong man and a sound adviser,' while Mr. R. B. Angus, the
president, spoke of him as a very able director of the bank and a warm per-
sonal friend."

About the time that Mr. Ross arrived in Canada the country was deeply
engrossed in the discussion of free trade versus protection, and having seen
the neighboring republic grow from an agricultural to a manufacturing com-
munity, and realizing what the same fiscal policy would do for Canada, he at
once espoused the cause then championed by Sir John Macdonald and Sir
Charles Tupper, both as regards the fiscal policy of the Dominion and their
railway program as well. Mr. Ross was a moderate protectionist, believing
that such a policy was mutually beneficial both to the manufacturer and con-
sumer. He had seen such states as Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota and other
agricultural sections of the Union vote for protection and often when appre-
hension was expressed over the probable outcome of a moderately protective
tarifif for the western provinces of Canada, Mr. Ross would reply that the
establishment of eastern industries all over the west would soon convert the
farmers of Alberta. Manitoba and Saskatchewan to protectionist ideas.

In 1872 Mr. Ross was united in marriage to Miss Annie Kerr, a daughter
of the late John Kerr of Kingston, New York, and sheriff of Ulster county.
They had one son, John Kenneth Levison Ross, who married Ethel A. Mat-
thews, a daughter of W. D. Matthews of Toronto, and they have two chil-
dren, James Kenneth and Hylda Annie. Mrs. James Ross is deeply interested
in organizations for promoting aesthetic tastes and is active in support of
benevolent and charitable projects. She is a director of the Society of Deco-
rative Art, vice president of the English section of the woman's branch of
the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society and is president of the Maternity
Hospital of Montreal.

Flags at half mast on the Bank of Montreal and the Royal Trust Com-
pany, on September 20, 1913, gave official announcement to the financial and
business community that Mr. James Ross, director of the institutions, had
passed away. It is fitting in a review of his life that one take cognizance of
his many good deeds. Aside from his prominent activity in railway and
financial circles, he was a man of marked i>uhlic spirit and benevolence. In
1902 he gave to Lindsay, f^ntario, and the county of Victoria, the Ross

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 29

Memorial Hospital as a memorial to his parents. Two years later Alexandra
Hospital of Montreal received from him a gift of twenty-five thousand dollars
and in 1910 he gave an equal amount to the Montreal Art Association of
which he had long been a member and of which he was at that time the presi-
dent. His total benefactions to the Art Association amounted to over a quar-
ter of a million. In his will he made the following public bequests : to the
Royal Victoria Hospital, the General Hospital and the Maternity Hospital
each fifty thousand dollars; to Alexandra Hospital twenty-five thousand dol-
lars ; to the Montreal Art Association and to McGill University each one
hundred thousand dollars and to the Ross Memorial Hospital at Lindsay,
Ontario, twenty-five thousand dollars. He also remembered many of his old
friends and took special care that his servants and employes should be pro-
vided for.

Mr. Ross was identified with many public interests and ranked with loyal
Canadians whose efforts have been effective forces in promoting genera!
progress.

He was a governor of McGill University, of the Royal Victoria Hospital,
of the Alexandra Hospital and of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane at
Montreal. He was likewise a trustee of Bishop's College at Lennoxville,
P. Q., and in 1900 he was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel of the Duke
of York's Royal Canadian Hussars. He took an active interest in yachting
and was the owner of the Glencairn, which won the Seawanhaka-Corinthian
cup for half raters in American waters in 1896. He subsequently bought the
late Joseph Pulitzer's large steam yacht, Liberty, of one thousand six hundred
fifty tons, which he renamed the Glencairn, and in which he spent much of
his vacation time in the Mediterranean. It might be interesting to note here
that both the small half rater and the large steam yacht were named in
memory of the large full-rigged ship Glencairn, which was owned and com-
manded by his late father. Captain John Ross, of Cromarty. Mr. James
Ross was for many years commodore of the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club,
and was honorary commodore for life, and was a member of the Roj-al Yacht
Squadron.

Mr. Ross was well known in club circles, holding membership in the
Mount Royal, St. James, Forest and Stream, Canada, Montreal Hunt, Mon-
treal Jockey, Montreal Racquet and Montreal Curling Clubs of Montreal ;.
Rideau Club of Ottawa ; Manitoba Club of Winnipeg ; Toronto Royal Cana-
dian Yacht and York Clubs of Toronto; Union Club of St. John, New Bruns-
wick ; Halifax Club of Halifax, Nova Scotia ; New York Yacht and Manhattan-
Clubs of New York; Royal C. B. Yacht Club of Sydney, Nova Scotia; and
the Constitutional Club of London, England.

Following the demise of Mr. Ross the Gazette of September 22, 1913. said
editorially : "The history of James Ross is to some extent the history of the
financial and creative progress of Canada. He has been associated with
many of our greatest enterprises and always in positions of prominence and
leadership. In anv list of citizens whose financial power must be reckoned
with in predicting the course of supreme events in this country, the name
of James Ross would have stood near the top. Many of his fellow citizens
will think of him, however, as a generous and discriminating collector and

30 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

exhibitor of art. At a time when Montreal had not many men who both
appreciated and possessed the financial ability to purchase splendid speci-
mens of the best art which the old world has produced, James Ross entered
that field, and soon made his private collection one of the things of which
Montrealers were proud. The pubHc generally have had a chance to admire
some of his treasures at Loan Exhibitions : and, in this fashion, the pleasure
and benefit of his collection have been widely shared."

Tributes of respect and regard were paid to Mr. Ross by people in every
station in life. The high and the low, the rich and the poor did him honor.
The following letter was received by his son, Mr. James K. L. Ross:

"The engineers on the S. and L. were much surprised and deeply grieved
when we heard that your father had passed away. Our deepest sympathy
goes out to you in your sad bereavement. \\'e all feel that we have lost a
good and true friend. No other man we have worked for gave our men the
feeling of security in their position that he did. We always were satisfied
that if we did what was right no other influence could hurt us or our
families. When some of us were unfortunate enough to err in judgment and
our error cost the company quite a lot, in the usual course of railways the
officials had nothing to do but severely discipline us. Your father used his
own position not to discipline our men but to give them a good man's
advice, which has helped our men and also the company which he then pre-
sided over. Acts like these are never forgotten by railway men and there
were many sincere expressions of sorrow heard when the news of his death
flashed over our road. They have also instructed us to convey to your sor-
rowing mother our deepest sympathy in her trying hour.

"On behalf of the S. and L. engineers, we are sincerely yours (Signed)
D. W. Macdonald, chairman; Parker Holmes, secretary and treasurer; Hugh
MacPherson, chief engineer.

"Glace Bay, Cape Breton, Canada, September 20, 191 3."

Another well merited tribute being from Principal Peterson of McGill
University, who said :

"The otlier day we were greatly gratified to learn that a member of the
board of governors, the late James Ross, had remembered McGill University
in his will to the extent of one hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Ross was one
of our friends. His connection with the administration'of the university had
given him many opportunities of appreciating the difficulty of carrying on an
institution whose needs in the very nature of things, are always outrunning
its resources; and his kindly thought of us has touched a chord in our hearts
that vibrates with gratitude and appreciation.

"It is a melancholy pleasure to record also our indebtedness to Mr. Ross
for much help and advice given as a mcml)er of the governing body of the
university, especially in the department of mechanical engineering. Besides
being a great and experienced engineer, he was a patron also of the arts
and sciences. He took an active interest also in the well-being of our hos-
pitals, and as they are in a sense university institutions, his bequests to the
Royal Victoria and Maternity Hospitals may l)c ciicd here as additional
reasons for gratitude. Me was a man of high artistic culture, one who "loved,
that beauty should go l)cautifully." Mere sjjlcndor without taste would

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 31

always have been repellent to him. Perhaps his best memorial, apart from
the magnificent collection of pictures which he got together with such care
and discrimination, and which was the joy and pride of his wide circle of
friends, will be the beautiful building on Sherbrooke street to which he has
contributed so largely as the permanent home of the Art Association. Such
men lend valuable aid in the way of enabling a community to realize some
aspects of its higher self."

WALTER R. L. SHANKS.

Among the younger members of the well known and distinguished law firm
of Brown, ^lontgomery & McMichael, advocates and barristers, is Walter R. L.
Shanks. He was born March 20, 1886, at Millers Falls, Massachusetts. In 1908
he received from McGill University the Bachelor of Arts degree and in 191 1 that
of Bachelor of Civil Law. In July of that year he was admitted to the bar and
has since been a member of the above firm. Mr. Shanks is a young lawyer of
promise, and it may be said that his ability — or such ability as his opportunities
have permitted him to demonstrate — entitles him to be included among those
yoimg men to whom the future holds out rich fields along professional lines.
Mr. Shanks is socially popular and is a member of the L'niversity Club of Mon-
treal and the Phi Delta Theta fraternitv.

GEORGE ALEXANDER BROWN, M. D.

George Alexander Brown, M. D., one of the best known physicians of Mon-
treal, his powers developing through the exercise of effort, was born in Char-
lottetown. Prince Edward Island, on the 28th of June, 1866. The Browns are
one of the old families on that island and representatives of the name in different
generations have been prominently identified with professional interests. The
paternal grandfather of Dr. Brown was president of the Prince of Wales College,
while the maternal grandfather was the leader of the government in Charlotte-
town for twenty-one years

Reared in the place of his nativity. Dr. Brown pursued his early education
in St. Peters Boys' School and subsequently continued his studies in Kings Col-
lege University at Windsor, Nova Scotia. The classical course which he there
pursued constituted the foundation upon which he built the superstructure of
professional learning. Entering McGill University, he won the degrees of M. D
and C. M. from that institution where he graduated with the class of 1889. Dur-
ing the succeeding year and a half he was resident physician of the Montreal
General Hospital, thus putting his theoretical knowledge to the practical test and
gaining that broad and valuable experience which only hospital practice can give.
For more than twenty years Dr. Brown has successfully followed his profession
in Montreal and in addition to an extensive private practice is acting as physician
to the Montreal Dispensary and is in charge of the tubercular clinic. He has

32 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

been a close and constant student of his profession, interested in all that tends to
bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life and his own
investigations and research have resulted in bringing to light some valuable truths.

In February, 1906, he submitted to the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society,
a new treatment for consumption which he has used in his practice with great
success. This consists of the injection into the human system of a solution prin-
cipally of iodine and in April, 1912, he read before the International Tubercular
Congress at Rome, Italy, a paper upon this treatment. He is a member of the
Montreal Medical Society and keeps in close touch \Vith the advanced work that
is being done by fellow members of the profession through the perusal of med-
ical journals and the latest contributions to medical literature as well as through
his connection with medical societies.

Dr. Brown was united in marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth (Conroy) Muldoon of
Watertown, who by her former marriage had two children, William and Ella.
Dr. and Mrs. Brown have become the parents of two children, Elsie and Basil.
They have a wide acquaintance socially and are connected with the Unitarian
Society, while Dr. Brown is also a member of the University Club. Year by year
has marked his steady progress in his profession, and today his position of promi-
nence is accorded him by the consensus of opinion on the part of colleagues and
contemporaries.

SIR EDWARD SEABORNE CLOUSTON.

High on the keystone of Canada's financial arch was inscribed the name of
Sir Edward Clouston, of whom a leading journalist wrote: "He was one of the
mainsprings of Canada's progress." Not only did he achieve notable results in
his own career but was also the adviser and counsellor of many who have stood
highest in the public life and activities of the Dominion, and thus a notable figure
passed from the stage of earthly activities when he was called to his final rest on
the 23d of November, 1912. He was then still in the prime of life, his birth
having occurred at Moose Factory on James Bay, Alay 9, 1849, his parents being
James Stewart and Margaret Clouston. The father, a native of Stromness, Ork-
ney, Scotland, was a chief factor in the Hudson's Bay service. The mother was
the eldest daughter of Robert S. Miles, also prominently connected with the
Hudson's Bay Company. Sent to Montreal to continue his education, the son
became a pupil in the high school, of which Aspinwall I low was then head master.
Subsequently he spent a year in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company and
then returned to Montreal when a youth of sixteen to become junior clerk in the
Bank of Montreal, entering that institution in 1865. This was the initial step in
his successful career as one of Canada's foremost financiers. In his twentieth
year he was appointed accountant at Brockville and two years later was' transferred
to Hamilton in the same capacity. In 1874 he became assistant accountant at
Montreal, was attached to the London, England, ofiice and also to the New York
office in 1875. Five years later he was made manager of the Montreal branch
and in 1887 was promoted to the position of assistant general manager. In
1889 he became acting general manager and from 1890 was general manager, being

SIR EDW'AKl) S. CLorSTUX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 35

"called to that position of grave and great responsibility when but forty-one years
of age. Throughout the years of his connection with the bank he had ever in
mind, not only the interest of the shareholders, but also the welfare of his
subordinates, many of whom received from him unusual consideration and
kindness. Sir Edward Clouston's tenure of office in the Bank of Montreal was
longer than that of any of his predecessors, the presidency during these years
having been filled by Sir Donald Smith, afterward Lord Strathcona and Mount
Royal ; Sir George Drummond and Mr. R. B. Angus, hi retiring from the general
managership Sir Edward Clouston retained the vice presidency, which he had held
since Sir George Drummond became president in 1906. Li his official
capacity as vice president he regularly attended the board meetings and never
ceased to be in close touch with the important affairs and interests of the bank.
The prominent place which he held in the regard of the leading financiers of the
country is shown by the fact that he was again and again elected to the presidency
of the Canadian Bankers Association. He was thus in constant touch with the
financial world and his advice upon matters connected with it was frequently
sought by the different finance ministers of the Dominion, for no man in Canada
had a surer grasp of difficult financial problems, and his genius in this respect was
an enormous asset to the great institution with which he was so long connected.
His discernment was keen and his insight enabled him readily to recognize the
possibilities and probable outcome of any business situation. The Montreal Herald
spoke of him as " a man of few words, of unerring accuracy in his judgments and
of a caution in business transactions which, while it protects the bank from loss,
does not hinder its development." The Montreal Witness said : "Sir Edward
Clouston possesses in extraordinary degree that sixth sense' of the banker —
intuition as to character, rapid analysis of method, what is in a proposition from
the first chapter to the last — in short knowing who and what to trust." It was
these qualities which made his cooperation sought in various directions and
brought him prominently before the public in various important commercial and
financial connections. He was vice president of the Royal Trust Company; a
director of the Guarantee Company of North America, the Canadian Cottons,
Limited, the Canada Sugar Refining Company, the Ogilvie Flour Mills Company,
the Kaministikwia Power Company. He was chairman of the Canadian board
of the Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Company and the Mutual Life
Insurance Company of New York. His cooperation and support extended to
various other projects of a public or semi-public character, and at all times he
manifested a deep interest in those projects relating to general progress and im-
provement or the betterment of social, intellectual, political and moral conditions.
He was vice president of the Parks and Play Grounds Association and The Crema-
torium, Limited, was president of the Royal Victoria Hospital and a governor of
the Montreal General, Montreal Maternity, Alexandra and Western Hospitals, the
Protestant Hospital for the Insane, the Eraser Institute, the Montreal Dispensary,
the Victorian Order of Nurses, and McGill University. In 1910 he was one of the
principal promoters of the Typhoid Emergency Hospital and was a member of the
executive committee of the local branch of St. John's Ambulance Association.
He was honorary treasurer of the King Edw^ard VII Memorial Fund and of many
other commemorative and charitable funds. He w-as a patron of art, and possessed
many fine pictures himself, while the Montreal Art Association numbered him

36 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

as one of its counselors as well as one of its generous benefactors. Sir Edward
Clouston was also well known as a sportsman, taking an active interest in early
life in football and lacrosse, and he was also a well known racquet player. He
was captain of the Canadian team which played the Harvard Universit) Foot-
ball Club in 1875. He was president of the Montreal Racquet Club in 1888
and was appointed a trustee of the ^linto challenge lacrosse cup in 1901. Sir
Edward was ever willing to encourage the amateurs in sports, and in addition
to those already mentioned he was a devotee of snowshoeing and fancy skating.
In later years he became an enthusiastic yachtsman, motorist and golfer. He
was also a clever swimmer himself and did a great deal to advance the sport
in many ways. He was the donor of a trophy for competition among the members
of the Royal Life Saving Station, which is being competed for annually, and
many other such trophies were presented through his generosity. When the
Rugby Club was organized as a branch of the Montreal Athletic Association he
became an active executive officer. He was one of the trustees of the Stanley
cup in the early days of its competition and acted as an official at many of the
championships held under the auspices of the Amateur Skating Association of
Canada.

In November, 1878, Sir Edward Clouston married Annie, youngest daughter
of George Easton, collector of Her ^Majesty's customs at Brockville, Ontario.
Lady Clouston, who survives him, keeps up the beautiful and historic estate at
St. Annes, known as Bois Briant, which was the pride and delight of Sir
Edward's later years, and she also maintains the home at No. 362 Peel street in
Montreal, known so long as the city residence of the general manager of the
Bank of Montreal. This was Sir Edward's favorite title. President and vice
president appealed to him but little : it was as an administrator that he won and
held his fame. He was mentioned as successor to Lord Strathcona as high
commissioner for Canada in Great Britain in 1909. The previous year he had
been created a Ijaronet and in 191 1 he was appointed a Knight of Grace of the
Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. He was one of the
best known club men of Canada, belonging to Mount Royal Club: St. James
Clulj; Auto and .Aero Club; Forest and Stream Club; M. A. A. A.; Montreal
Hunt Club; Alontreal Jockey Clula ; Royal 'Montreal Golf Club; Royal St. Law-
rence Yacht Club ; St. George Snowshoe Club ; Toronto Club and York Club,
Toronto ; Rideau Club, Ottawa : Manhattan Club, New York ; and Piath Club
and River Thames Yacht Club, London, England.

In a review of his life history many points stand out prominently. Within
a quarter of a century he rose from an humble position in the bank to that
of general manager and remained vice j^resident until his demise. He was the
recognized leader of finance, whose counsel was sought and xalued in connection
with the greatest undertakings. His business genius and jiublic spirit went hand
in hand and each constituted factors in the progress and upbuilding of Canada and
in the development and promotion of the coimtry's interests. His influence was
far-reaching and effective as a force in national prosperity and greatness.

One who knew Sir Edward best summed up his character in the following
article, which appeared in the journal nf tlie Canadian Bankers Association after
his death: "In life Sir Edward CUniston was a man of few words and I have
ffit tliat silence is my most fitting tribute to his memory. He was not an osten-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 37

tatious man ; he employed neither press agents nor stage managers. Many of his
generous actions are known only to the writer of these lines; many others are
known only to his Maker."

PHILIBERT BAUDOUIN.

Philibert Baudouin, who has been a representative of the notarial profession
since 1858, although for some years his attention was given to finance, was born
at Repentigny, Quebec, April 27, 1836. He is a descendant in the direct line of
Jean Baudouin, who was here bartering with the Indians as early as 1656, fourteen
years after Montreal was founded by de ^laisonneuve. In a fight with the Iro-
quois in 1660, when he killed one of their chieftains, Jean Baudouin was taken
and led as a prisoner to the enemy's country, whence he returned eighteen months
afterward, having in the meantime learned the Iroquois language. A short
time subsequent to his return he married and soon settled in the parish of Pointe-
aux-Trembles, where he died peacefully. He had lost his eldest son in an
ambush laid by the same astute foes in 1690. One of his sons, Frangois, took a
farm from the Seignior on L'Assomption river in 1699, near the present site of
Charlemagne, and a few years afterward, in 1716, purchased the homestead on
the north bank of the river St. Lawrence, in the parish and Seigniory of Repen-
tigny, where he went to live and there sjjent his remaining days. This homestead
remained in the family for almost two centuries, passing from father to son for
four generations. Francois Baudouin left it to his son Pierre, who married three
times and left it to his son Raymond. Raymond was drowned and his widow
made a gift of it to their son Pierre. From this last Pierre Baudouin it went to
Zoel Baudouin, one of his sons, whose daughter and only heir, Mrs. Edmond
Robillard, of St. Paul I'Hermite, sold it to its present owner, Mr. Dechamp.

Philibert Baudouin is a son of Pierre and Marguerite (Etu) Baudouin, the
latter, like her husband, belonging to one of the old families established in this
province in the seventeenth century. The mother's name was then written
Estur, which has since been wrongly changed to Iletu. The family name Baudouin
should be so spelled instead of Beaudoin, as so often met with at the present time.
It is derived from two Saxon words, bald and win, and was latinized by the
early chroniclers, becoming Balduinus, which was later translated into French as
Baudouin but remained Baldwin in English. The first one who settled in Mon-
treal very properly signed his name Jean Baudouin, as may be seen on the old
records in the clerk's office, and in France it is still written in the same way.
Besides being a progressive farmer Pierre Baudouin was a church warden and
a captain in the militia.

Philibert Baudouin was educated at L'Assomption College, in the town of
L'Assomption, where he pursued a full classical course, completed in 1854. He
then prepared for the notarial profession, to which he was admitted in 1858.
In i860 he settled for practice in the town of Iberville and after nearly fifteen
years devoted to the profession he turned his attention to finance, devoting his
energies and activities thereto until 1893, when he removed to Montreal and
resumed the practice of the notarial profession. He has now passed the seventv-

38 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

eighth milestone on life's journey, but is still an active man. From 1862 until
1873 he was county clerk, clerk of the circuit court for the county of Iberville
and town clerk of Iberville, his decade of public service being characterized by
the utmost fidelity to duty. His financial activities covered nearly twenty years
as bank manager in St. Johns, Quebec.

On the 22d of August, 1864, in St. Jolms, Mr. Baudouin was married to
Miss Caroline A. Marchand, a daughter of Louis Marchand, deputy protonotary
at St. Johns, and of Delphine Phineas. Mrs. Baudouin belongs to the old
Marchand family which settled in St. Johns in the early part of the nineteenth
century. There were three brothers, Frangois, Gabriel and Louis, the second
being the father of the Hon. F. G. Marchand, late premier of the province of
Quebec. Her mother was a daughter of Isaac Phineas. for a long time agent at
Maskinonge, of Seignior Pothier's estate, and who was an intimate friend of
the Hart family of Three Rivers. Seven sons and two daughters have been
born of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Baudouin, Philibert, Annette, Gustave,
Rodolphe, Joseph, Jean, Charles, Louise and Oscar. The elder daughter became
the wife of Dr. J. C. Tasse, of Worcester, Massachusetts. Gustave married
Augustine Hardy, of Quebec. Joseph wedded Julie Caty, of Montreal. Jean
married Alice Hamilton, of Montreal. Oscar married Hilda Julien, of Montreal.
Louise is the wife of Alfred Masson, of Valleyfield, a grandson of Dr. L. H.
Masson, who took a leading part in the troublous times of 1837-38.

Mr. Baudouin is a supporter of the old conservative party, but has never
taken a leading part in the political contests, especially so in his advanced years,
when he recognizes the fact that political leaders too often are using their power
for their own preferment instead of the public good.

JOSEPH ADELARD DESCARRIES, K. C.

In every community there are men of broad charity and intelligent public
spirit, of high integrity and sincerity of purpose and of resourceful business
ability who are marked as leaders in development. Worthy of being classed with
men of this character is Joseph Adelard Descarries, one of the eminent members
of the Montreal bar and a man whose name figures in connection with the legis-
lative history of the province as well as in the court records. Mr. Descarries
is a representative of one of the oldest families of the province and one whose
members have been identified with its growth and development since the earlier
periods of settlement. He was bom at St. Timothee, in the county of Beau-
harnois, Quebec, November 7, 1853, the youngest son of the late Pierre and
l''lizal)eth (Gougeau) Descarries.

Having mastered the branches of learning taught in the public schools of
his native village, Joseph A. Descarries afterward attended Montreal College,
McGill University and Laval University, graduating from the latter in 1879, with
the degree of LL. L. He studied law under Hon. Sir Alcxandel" Lacoste and was
called to the bar in 1879, at which time he began practice as an advocate. He was
created a king's counsellor by the Earl of Derby in 1893 and for more than a
third of a century he has been continuously and successfully engaged in law

.TOSKPH A. DESCARRIES

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 41

practice in Montreal, where he has been accorded an extensive and distinctively
representative clientage.

I lis pnblic work, too, has been of an important character and has indicated his
loyalty to the highest standards of government. For nine consecutive years he
was mayor of Lachine, giving to the city a businesslike and progressive adminis-
tration. In 1892 he was elected for Jacques Cartier county to the legislative
assembly, but resigned in i8(X), in which year he unsuccessfully contested a seat
in the house of commons. Since that time he has taken no active part in politics
aside from exercising his right of franchise and standing stanclily in support
of principles and measures in which he believes. He is now president of the
Lachine Conservative Club and is also president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society
of Lachine.

Mr. Descarries is the largest |)rivate owner of real estate in Lachine, his
holdings including some of the finest residential properties surrounding Montreal.
Some years ago he purchased a tract of land eleven acres in width from the
Allan family, comprising a most attractive piece of property, which he develoi)ed
and thus added greatly to the upbuilding of the district. He is the owner of
one hundred and fifty-two houses, erecting all of them save one, and in their
building substantiality has always been a feature. Unlike the usual structure
built merely to sell, Mr. Descarries has aimed at the creation of an estate the
ultimate value of which cannot help but become immense. As an illustration of
the change in realty values, caused by improvements and transformation of sur-
roundings, it may be cited that Mr. Descarries some years ago purchased a
tract of land of four hundred acres, on which the taxes were at that time
approximately eighty dollars, while today for less than one-third of this land
which he owns the taxes are more than three thousand dollars. It would be
difficult to estimate the value to a community of operations of this character. Mr.
Descarries has taken an active part in the upbuilding of industrial interests, and
his influence has been an important factor in securing for Lachine a number of
valuable industries, all of which have materially contributed to growth and
development for the city, enabling it to take a prominent rank among Montreal's
suburban cities. Among his other business connections Mr. Descarries is presi-
dent of the Wealthy Mines Company, Limited, and a director of Les Champs
d'Or Rigaud Vaudreuil.

In 1881 Mr. Descarries was married, at Chateauguay, Quebec, to Miss Marie
Celina Elmire, a daughter of A. N. Le Pailleur, a notary puljlic of Lachine.
The marriage ceremony was performed by Monseigneur Charles Edward Fabre,
archbishop of Montreal. Mrs. Descarries is a graduate of Mount St. Marie
Convent and is a lady of superior intelligence and high qualities of mind. Their
children are as follows. Joseph A. P., who was graduated from 'IMcGill Uni-
versity, specializing in chemistry, founded the Lachine Gas Company, of which
he is now the head. He married Miss Oliva Forgues, of Outremont, a grad-
uate of St. Anne's Convent at Lachine. They have two children. Olivette and
Marcelle. Theophile N., who was graduated from Laval University, is an advo-
cate, associated with his father under the firm name of Descarries & Descarries.
He married Miss Marie Anne Huot, a daughter of Dr. G. Huot, of Beau-
harnois, and they have one child. Anne Marie. Aimee, a graduate of St. Anne's
Convent of Lachine, is a young lady of unusual artistic taste and skill. Her

42 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

work as a painter on china shows exceptional merit and inckides some of the
finest specimens of this decorative art exhibited by Canadian artists. Adelard,
a graduate of Mount St. Louis College, is now a student at I'Ecole des Hautes
Etudes. Alarie Rose will graduate from St. Anne's Convent of Lachine in the
class of 1914. Auguste, a student at St. Mary's College, is a young man of
unusual talent and promise, whose ability as an organist is well known.

Mr. Descarries' pleasure and recreation have always been greatly augmented
when in the company of his family, whose entertainment, like their rearing
and education, has never been neglected. Estimating highly the value of educa-
tion, he has extended to his children exceptional opportunities for intellectual
development and they constitute a family that would be a distinct credit to any
parentage. Both Mr. and Mrs. Descarries have always maintained a companion-
ship with their children and have been so close to their interests, thoughts, pur-
poses and plans that there has been little need for that parental discipline which
is often a too pronounced feature in households. Confidence and mutual under-
standing have been the basis of the family relation, rendering this a most attrac-
tive household. The religious belief of the family is that of the Roman Catholic
church, and Mr. Descarries has for several years been president of the St. Vin-
cent de Paul Society. He is also a member of the Club Lafontaine, the Lachine
Snowshoe Club and the Auto and Aero Club of Montreal.

No history of Mr. Descarries would be complete without mention of the
fact that he is a very public-spirited man, liberal and generous in his support
of any movement for the public good and ever ready to lend his assistance
to such movements as will contribute to the advancement of the city, province
and Dominion. He has been a very successful business man, not only as regards
the accumulation of property but as well in the high esteem in which he is held.
He has all the elements of a man in whom to have confidence, dependable in any
relation and in any emergency. His quietude of deportment, his easy dignity,
combined with an innate courtesy and politeness, all contribute to a strong per-
sonality. The splendid use he has made of his time, talents and opportunities
has equipped him for the important and valuable work he has been doing and
which has given decided impetus to the city's progress and improvement, iq.ihold-
ing as well its legal, political and moral status.

LOUIS GUYON.

Capability and loyalty are the essential attributes of the man who would fill
the office of chief inspector of industrial establishments and public buildings and
properly perform the arduous and responsible duties thereby devolving upon
him. Such a man is found in Louis Guyon, who has closely studied the subject
of construction and all that relates to accidents which may occur in building
operations. He is a native of the state of New York, having been born at Sandy
Hill, Washington county. Boyhood, however, found him located in Montreal
where he jnirsued his education, taking special courses in preparation for a com-
mercial career. Almost throughout his entire life he has been in the public-
service. In April, 1888, he was ap]iointcd factory inspector and ni.iilc a most

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 43

capable official. He studied in every available way in order to know what should
be reciuired of factory owners and operators and just how far their responsibility
extended in the jjrotection of emi)loyes. He traveled widely in order to promote
his knowledge of that character and he was a delegate to the Paris convention
on accidents in 18S9 and again in upo. His qualifications were so thoroughly
recognized that he was made chief inspector of industrial establishments and pub-
lic buildings in January, igoi, and has since occupied this position, covering a
])criod of thirteen years, his entire course being one which commends iiim to the
continued confidence and support of the public. As inspector he has studied not
only to find wdiere fault may lie in the erection of buildings or in the care of
employes, but has also studied the best methods of safeguarding the workers
and in 1903 he founded the museum of appliances for the prevention- of acci-
dents. His reputation for efficiency in his special field continued to grow and in
1910 he was made president of the International Convention of Inspectors of
Factories. No one is more deeply interested in this important work or realizes
more fully the obligations which devolve upon the employer in his connection with
his employes, and his work has constituted a campaign of education whereby the
public has come to know what are the needs and demands of the hour and how
best to meet them.

GEORGE HADRILL.

George Hadrill, secretary of the Montreal Board of Trade, is one whose
opinions concerning business conditions are largely accepted as standard, because
of his broad experience and his thorough study of matters effecting trade rela-
tions of the country. For more than a quarter of a century he has occupied
his present position and has been called into conference in many trade councils.
He was born in London, England, August 2, 1848, a son of George and Elizabeth
(Bushell) Hadrill. His education was acquired in the metropolis, and he spent
the earlier years of his business life in that city, arriving in Canada in 1874, w'hen
a young man of twenty-six years. Three years were devoted to business pur-
suits before he joined the staff of the Montreal Board of Trade in 1877. His
fitness for the position is evidenced in the fact that by 1880 he had been pro-
moted to the position of assistant secretary. Six years passed and in 1886 he was
made secretary, so that he has now acted in that capacity for twenty-eight years.
The occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his acceptance of the position was-
fittingly celebrated, and a cabinet of silverware was presented him by the
Montreal Board of Trade.

His position as secretary brings him into close contact with business affairs
and trade organizations throughout the world. He has been a delegate to sev-
eral imperial trade congresses, the last being held in Sydney, Australia. By invi-
tation he was a delegate to Xewfoundhuul to assist in the formation of a board
of trade there in 1909. He was presented in 1903 with a testimonial from British
delegates to the imperial trade congress at Montreal in acknowledgement of cour-
tesies and services rendered by him. In 1905 he was elected an honorary member
of the International Board of Foreign Trade and was made honorarv secretary

44 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of the King Edward memorial committee of Montreal in 191 1. His position has
brought him into close connection with many important civic and municipal
projects with which the Board of Trade has been intimately associated.

In 1891 Mr. Hadrill married Emmeline Lilian, the daughter of J. Albert Cop-
land of Chelmsford, England. Mrs. Hadrill died in December, 1902. Mr. Had-
rill has been a director of St. George's Society of Alontreal and is an Anglican in
religious faith. The Montreal Herald has written of him that he is "a man of
great natural abilities as a statistician and accountant." "He possesses unusual
qualifications for his office, which calls for a display of diplomacy, tact and so-
cial qualities as well as for purely business ability," writes another paper, and
this opinion is corroborated by all who have come in contact with him. While
thoroughly systematic and methodical in managing the duties of his position, he
has at the same time that ready resourcefulness which enables him to meet an
emergency and secure from it the best possible results.

CHARLES MELVILLE HAYS.

The talcs of heroic conduct in times of war will always arouse the enthusi-
asm and call forth the praise of those who hear them, but heroism is by no
means confined to the men who wear their nation's uniform and march to
the sound of the bugle. It has been manifest where there were none to wit-
ness and none to record the story and with nothing but an individual sense
of duty for its inspiration. The world thrilled with the story of the heroism
of the men, who, in the silence of the night, gave women and children over
to the care of the few who manned the lifeboats and quietly awaited death
on the decks of the steamship Titanic when it sank on its maiden trip across
the Atlantic, April 15, 1912. Included in the great toll of human lives
exacted by this catastrophe, was that of Charles Melville Hays, president
of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railways and one of the foremost railroad mag-
nates of his generation. His was the master mind in the development of the
Grand Trunk Pacific and his work for the Grand Trunk Railway has become
a part of the history of the Dominion. One of the elements of his success
was that he was always essentially and strictly a railroad man, never dis-
sipating his energies over too broad a field but concentrating his efforts along
that single line of activity.

A native of Rock Island, Illinois, Mr. Hays was born in 1856. and was
but a child when his parents removed to St. Louis, Missouri, in which city
he was reared and received his educational training. He was but a boy of
seventeen when he started out in life on his own account as a clerk in the
passenger department of the Atlantic & Pacific Railway. From that time
on his advancement was continuous and rapid, solely the result of his
thoroughness, efficiency and genuine merit. After a year he was transferred
to the auditor's dejtartment and later was called to a position in the office
of the general superintendent, where his aptitude, enterprise and initiative
were soon recognized. From 1878 until 1884 he was secretary to the general
manager of the Missouri Pacific Kailroad and in the latter year was offered

CHARLES il. HAYS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 47

and accepted the position of secretary to the general manager of the Wabash
& St. Louis Pacific Railway Company.

In 1886 he was appointed general manager of the road and the following
year became general manager of the Wabash Western, comprising all of
the Wabash lines west of the Mississippi and also between Chicago and
Detroit. In 1889 he was appointed general manager of the reorganized and
consolidated Wabash system and controlled the important and manifold
interests of the railway for six years or until he resigned to become general
manager of the Grand Trunk, succeeding L. J. Seargeant. Five years later
he left the Grand Trunk to take the position of president of the Southern
Pacific Railway Company but remained in that connection for only a year, as
the railway passed under the control of the Ilarriman interests, whose policy dif-
fered from that of Mr. Hays. About that time he received a communication from
Sir Charles Rivers Wilson, again offering him the position of general manager
of the Grand Trunk and he returned to the latter road late in igoi as second
vice president and general manager. His connection therewith was con-
tinuous from that time until his demise, and mi the retirement of Sir Charles
Rivers ^Vilson in October, 1909, he was appointed president. In the mean-
time his connection with railway interests constantly broadened, making him
one of the notable figures in railway circles on the American continent. He
became president of the Central \'ermont Railway, the Grand Trunk Western
Railway, the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway, the Toledo, Sagi-
naw & Muskegon Railway, the Michigan Air Line Railway, the Chicago,
Detroit and Canada Grand Trunk Junction Railway, the Detroit & Toledo
Shore Line, the Southern New England Railway Company, the Canadian
Express Company, the Grand Trunk Railway Insurance & Provident Society
and of various corporations featuring largely as factors in commercial and
industrial development. He was chosen to the presidency of the St. Clair
Tunnel Company, the International Bridge Company, the Montreal Ware-
housing Company, the Portland Elevator Company and the New England
Elevator Company. He also represented the Grand Trunk W'estern Railway
as a director of the Chicago & W^estern Indiana Railway and Belt Railway
of Chicago.

In 1905 he was made a member of the permanent commission of the
International Railway Congress ' and also a director of the United States
Mortgage & Trust Company. He was a delegate to the Imperial Trades
Congress in 1903. He became a director of the Royal Trust Company and
the Merchants Bank of Canada and a director of the Canadian Board of the
London & Lancashire Life Assurance Company. He was also a director of
the Montreal Horticultural and Fruit Growing Association — a fact which
indicated much of the breadth of his interests. His executive ability was
sought as an element in the successful management of various benevolent,
charitable and philanthropic enterprises.. He was a governor of the Montreal
General Hospital, a governor of the Royal Victoria Hospital and a governor
of the McGill University. In 1907 he was decorated with the Order of the
Rising Sun (third class) by the emperor of Japan.

He was a man of remarkable personality. Obstacles and difficulties
seemed but a stimulus for renewed effort on his part and he was never

48 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

happier than when he could grasp an opportunity and utilize it to the fullest
extent or untangle a knotty problem in railway management and control.
Mr. Hays was a well known figure in club circles, belonging to the Mount
Royal, St. James, Canada, Forest and Stream, Montreal Jockey, Montreal
Hunt, St. Maurice Fish and Game Club and the Laurentian Club of Montreal
and the Rideau Club of Ottawa. Sir Wilfrid Laurier had termed him "a
valuable acquisition to Canada," and the Montreal Witness said he was "a
splendid example of what brains, pluck and industry can overcome and accom-
plish," while the Montreal Standard styled him "a man of quiet dignity, whose
sanity and strength are seen and felt in all his undertakings."

Mr. Hays was survived by his widow, who was Miss Clara J. Gregg, a
daughter of William H. Gregg of St. Louis, Missouri, and four daughters,
Mrs. George D. Hall, of Boston, Mrs. Thornton Davidson, Mrs. A. Harold
Grier and Mrs. Hope C. Scott, of Montreal.

One of the ships that hastened to the relief of the Titanic recovered the
body of Mr. Hays, which was brought back to Montreal for interment and
laid to rest following one of the most imposing funerals ever accorded a
civilian in this city. Mr. Hays worshipped at the American Presbyterian
church of Montreal and was one of its trustees, but retained his membership
in the First Presbyterian church of St. Louis, Missouri, and in the memorial
services held in the former on the 25th of April, 1912, a sermon by the Rev.
Dr. McKittrick, pastor of the First Presbyterian church of St. Louis, follow-
ing the death of Mr. Hays, was read. He said in part: "The colossal catas-
trophe of the seas which has so recently startled and dismayed the civilized
world could not pass today entirely unnoted in the temples of the living
God. Among those who went down to their unexpected and, it seems to our
vision, their untimely death, there was no man who worthily had a higher
position in the social, industrial and financial world than Mr. Charles M.
Hays, president of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. Since commonly
the boy is father of the man we might almost refer to him as 'our Mr. Hays"
for he was once in our Sunday School, and afterwards a member of our
Board of Trustees. His is an inspiring example to all our boys and to every
boy in the land of wdiat may be accomplished by rightful purpose, industry,
determination, all these by the worthy motives which variously constitute
character. It took all the elements which are found in a manly man to make
first so notable a record as was his in this city, and then to create for him-
self the distinguished name and for his undertaking the great prosperity
which concerning both the history of today reveals."

The following reference to Mr. Hays' life and work was made at the close
of ])ublic worship in the American Presbyterian church, Montreal, on Sab-
bath, April 28th. Dr. Johnston said: "The subject that we have been con-
sidering this morning has unavoidably suggested to you, as it has to me, many
thoughts regarding the life, the death and the work of Mr. Charles M. Hays
whose loss our land mourns today.

"Much has already been said of Mr. Hays as the railway magnate, the
man of enterprise, the devoted hushaiul and father and the loyal friend.
Upon these phases of his character 1 will net therefore further dwell, but
there remains something to be said of that feature of his life which, though
less conspicuous to the general public, nevertheless lay deep and strong

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 49

behind all these other characteristics, and was indeed the inspiration of them.
We all in this congregation know the large place which Mr. Hays gave to the
work and worship of the church, and the readiness with which his time and
influence were always lent to its interests. He loved the House of God. That
love, in a measure, was doubtless the result of early training in a home of
whose deep religious character he ever loved to speak in terms of afifection
and appreciation. It was also due in part to his deep sense of what he owed
in his place of great prominence to the community at large, and to a younger
generation in particular, in the way of example. Most of all, however, it
was due to his appreciation of the place that worship should have in every
life, and to his deep sense of the need of every soul for those things that the
House of God and its services can give. This attitude instead of lessening,
as in so many lives it does, as responsibilities increased, and honours accu-
mulated, deepened in Air. Hays with the passing years.

"The continent-wide enterprises with which his name will always be asso-
ciated were not simply enterprises and interests to him. They constituted a
work, a ministry, which it was given him to administer for man, and through
man for God. The tens of thousands for whom he had already thrown open
the door of their exodus from European stagnation and oppression were his
Israel, whom he, in God's name, was leading out into liberty and larger life.
These broad prairies and boundless stretches of Northern Saskatchewan and
the Peace River district, those hitherto impassable Rockies, giving gateway
to the flowering farmlands that slope toward the silver sands of the Pacific —
these were his Canaan, which it was his to conquer, not . with sword and
clash of battle, but with genius and enterprise and the power of science, so
that into the good 'Land of Promise' he might bring the oppressed peoples of
the world, to make a nation strong in liberty and in righteousness.

"Did time permit I could tell you much of how Mr. Hays carried on his
great heart, the toiling multitudes of earth and their needs, and of how it
was to him a vision glorious that he was permitted in some measure to con-
tribute to their uplift and redemption. He, too, like Israel's leader, had
looked upon the burdens of the people. To us it seems that, like Moses, he
has been permitted only to view his promised land from afar. On the
threshhold of completion he has been bidden to lay down his work. A broken
column? A work incomplete? Yes. if this w-orld is all. and this life the only
life, but if death is indeed for the life that lives in Christ, not extinction but
expansion, not frustration but promotion, than surely in some other of the
many mansions in our Father's one great house, they still serve who have -
ceased from labor here, and work with gladness for the liringing in of that
day when throughout all the universe of God there shall be nothing to hurt
nor to destroy, but "God shall be all and in all.' "

The press throughout the .Vmerican continent tmited in tribute to Charles
Melville Hays and under the caption of Montreal's Loss the Gazette of
April 19. 1912, said editorially : "Among the many places which will have
home reasons for bearing the loss (April 15. 1912) of the steamship Titanic
in sorrowful memory there will be few to rank before Montreal. Of residents
who had won or were winning honorable places of usefulness in the city's
commercial life, no less than four ended their earthly career in the dark hours

50 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of Monday when the Atlantic waters closed over the wreck of what had been
one of the world's noblest vessels. First of these, of course, ranks Mr. Charles
M. Hays, president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railways and director and
adviser in many allied and other enterprises. Mr. Hays came to Montreal
as a stranger, when the condition and fortunes of the Grand Trunk Railway
were low indeed. The life had apparently gone out of the direction and a
great propert}-, with greater potentialities, was in danger of passing into
bankruptcy. He and his associates found their task harder also because
they were strangers. It was only a little while, however, before the city
and the country, as well as the proprietors of the railway, recognized that in
the new general manager, which was the title Mr. Hays then had, they had
a man who for capacity ranked with the highest in his profession. With a
slight interruption Mr. Hays has had chief executive control since 1897 of
the Grand Trunk Railway. In that time it has been lifted physically to the
standard of a high class, well equipped road, with few superiors in America.
Financially it has Iseen so improved as to meet the interest charges on the new
capital raised for betterments and has been able to pay dividends on some of
the older issues that once seemed to have lost all value as investments. In
late years he was a chief moving spirit in the projection and construction
of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, which is now approaching completion.
His work in these connections speaks of his executive ability louder than
can words written or spoken. It is only to be added that in all relations of
life, business or social, he was a plain, courteous and kindly gentleman, to
whom all were ready to pay in full measure the respect that he deserved."

The memorial service read in the American Presbyterian church to which
previous allusion has been made, was one of the most impressive ever held
within the borders of Canada and the tributes to Mr. Hays on that occasion
attested how high was the position which he held in the regard of business
colleagues, of eminent educators, ministers and others. Principal Peterson
of McGill University said in part : "We have done well to come together
in this solemn manner, not to meet in a useless parade of grief and sorrow,
but to pay a sincere tribute to the worth of one who has gone to his last
reward and to express our sympathy to those who suffer the loss of one so
dear, and who have scarcely yet survived the shock of their sudden bereave-
ment. Our men died like heroes — in that last dread extremity they bore
themselves nobly and well.

"And I doubt not that foremost in fortitude was that great-hearted man
who today is mourned throughout the world, Charles M. Hays, who was
then eagerly returning to take his controlling part in those great enterprises
with which his name will always be associated, and no doubt looking forward
with joy to returning to his accustomed work and surroundings here. The
- vast transportation system over which be so well presided, and to which he
gave fresh life, has just paid him well earned tribute in those moments of
organized, concerted, silence stretching across this continent — the awed hush
of reverent respect and tender sympathy from every section of the railway
service and imm every rank and class in the community at large. It was a
moving incident. l)Ut only a slight indicatitni (if the esteem in which he was

HISTORY OF- MONTREAL 51

held cverywliere, and of the loss wliicii the railways and the people have
sustained.

"Mr. Hays came to Montreal in 1896, shortly after I came here, and since
then it has been my privilege to know him well, and to meet him frequently
in university and other affairs. Only a short time before Mr. Hays left for
Europe I had a walk with him, when he talked to me of his plans for the
future, and discussed university and other educational matters, with the
grave and serious hope for future advancement which marked his thought.
Little then did either of us think it possible that so terrible a disaster should
cut short his vigorous and useful career. He was a real leader ol men. a
true captain of industry, carrying a huge burden of work and responsibility
on his shoulders, and always carrying it as a strong Christian man should.
We shall go forth from this solemn service to our customary duties, graver
and sadder men. It may be that we shall not have the melancholy duty of
following to the grave the remains of this man whose work interlinked a vast
continent. He has found his grave in the ocean, and it may be literally said
of him that the whole world is his tomb. Certainly his memory will not soon
die; for long will the memory live of this impressive memcirial of his
sad fate and the sorrow of his stricken family. And when the far-reaching
plans for which he stood sponsor are realized we shall often go back in
thought to what this city, this dominion and the empire at large owes to
the ability, the integrity and dauntless energy of Charles Melville Hays."

One of the glowing and well deserved tributes paid to the memory of
Charles Melville Hays was spoken by Rev. T. S. Mc^^'illiams, D. D., of
Cleveland, Ohio, who said : "The man whose loss we mourn today, and
whose memory we would honor was not merely a national, he was an inter-
national figure. The great enterprise of which he was at the head, and, to
an unusual degree the guiding and animating spirit, was not merely a national,
but an international railway. It seems fitting therefore that one from the
United States should have a small part in this memorial service. The humble
tribute which I bring is not merely that of a former pastor — as such I was
privileged to say a few words on Sunday last. Nor is my tribute that of a
personal friend — as such my place would not be here in the pulpit, but in
position with the mourners, amongst those who most deeply and genuinely
feel a sense of personal loss. Mine is the privilege today of bringing a neigh-
boring nation's tribute, if you will ; of assuring you that many of the Ameri-
can people share with you the sorrow and sense of loss which you feel so
keenly. In the United States the late Charles M. Hays was born, and there.
he spent the larger part of his life. Of our country he remained a citizen to
the last. Yet there were few men more genuinely devoted to the interests of
Canada or more intelligently attached to British institutions than he. Few,
if any, in Canada saw with clearer vision the great possibilities of the future
of your country and believed more intensely in the great destinies of Canada.

"To speak of Mr. Hays' preeminent ability as a rai\way man is scarcely
necessary. \\'e have only to look around to see the monuments to his genius.
There are two immense office buildings that ornament your city ; there is
that wonderful steel bridge over Niagara's gorge and the great station at
Ottawa. There is the rejuvenated and vastly extended Grand Trunk Railway.

52 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

And. perhaps greatest of all, there is the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, des-
tined at no distant date to span this continent, making accessible natural
resources of incalculable value, and bringing into practical part of the
national progress vast regions at present inaccessible to the agriculturist.
These are great enterprises which have attracted the admiring attention of
the world and stimulated rival systems to greater activity', while bringing
millions in money to your land, and, what means much more to you, an
unprecedented tide of immigration. It is but just to say that such enter-
prises as these have been no small factor in the building up of that great
progress and prosperity which characterizes Canada at the present time.

"The credit of such achievements is, of course, to be shared with Mr.
Hays' earnest colaborers — and he would have been the first to give them such
credit — but to Mr. Hays is certainly due the credit of the initiative. For a
man at the early age of thirty-eight years to rise from the bottom of the
ladder to the presidency of such a railway system as the \\'abash, and later
to be selected as president of the Grand Trunk, charged with its rehabilita-
tion, and to so conduct its affairs that after only five years its securities had
enhanced in value by eighty-six millions of dollars ; to be called to the
presidency of the Southern Pacific, and then called back again to the Grand
Trunk to consummate yet vaster plans — these are proofs positive and suf-
ficient of his preeminent railway genius. The tribute of silence in which we
a few minutes ago reverently joined — a silence in which we were joined by
that great army of employes from ocean to ocean — was not the silence of
obedience to an enforced order. It was the genuine heart-felt tribute of men
of all ranks to a leader whom they had loved and lost.

"The contagion of his example spread through every part of that great
system. Himself a hard and rapid worker his own example was a sufficient
incentive to do away with indolence and incompetence. His presence any-
where on the system encouraged and thrilled to better work not by fear of the
tyrant's command to go, but they thrilled at the leader's call to come.

"Mr. Hays was first, last and all the time a great railway man. But it would
be unjust to speak merely of that. He possessed other qualities that impressed
me even more than that. He was throughout his life a man of lofty and unbend-
ing principle. I personally know that his early ending of his connection with a
great railway system, sacrificing a position to which was attached great honor and
an immense salary, and his going out of that office, not knowing whither he
went, was a wonderful example of the triumph of principle over what appeared
to be personal interests. It stands as a proof of Mr. Hays' unwillingness to
be the tool of a designing genius no matter what that might seem to offer
him in the way of personal remuneration. And in the great positions he held
it was his constant endeavor to be just to all. It was his endeavor by day
and his prayer liy night to always carry an even balance between the employes
of his company and those who had invested their living in it with even
justice to both. Knowledge of this permeated tlu- wliole system, and brought
a realization amongst the men that the main endeavor of the leader was not
to get out of the employes as much as possible and give them in return as

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 53

fittle as ])<>ssilile, liut thai they were really working with, iifit for. their presi-
dent, in the interests of all.

"And he was a public-spirited man in many other spheres. That he was
a generous friend of education is proven in that he was a governor of McGill
University; that he was a benefactor to suffering humanity is shown by the
hospitals of which he was a governor. But far more than these public posi-
tions were innumerable cases in which he proved himself a generous but
unostentatious friend to the needy. And may I for a moment draw aside
the sacred veil, and speak of his home life. As a father, husband, brother,
comrade, to all in his household he was ever the genial, pure, high-minded
Christian gentleman — the idol of his home, as he deserved to be. His reli-
gious influence was unmistakable and caused him inevitably to work, for the
right. I am confident that his deep religious sense of duty was at the bottom
of much that we admire in his career — he was utterly honest, not because
he believed it to be the best business policy, but because he had faith in the
right; he was filled with genial optimism, not from blindness to the facts, but
because he knew them.

"That such lives should be allowed to be interrupted by such disasters as
that we now mourn is a problem which cannot be satisfactorily answered.
It may be said that no man's place is impossible to be filled. But Methodism
has never found another John Wesley, and the Grand Trunk will look and
wait for long before it finds another Charles Melville Hays."

DOUGALL GUSHING.

One of the most able, successful and progressive of the younger generation of
professional men in Montreal is Dougall Gushing, connected with important legal
interests as a member of the firm of Barron & Gushing, notaries. He is a native
son of the city, born May 3, 1886, his parents being Charles and Lily (Macaulay)
Gushing. The family is of old American establishment, the great-grandfather
of the subject of this review. Job Gushing, having been born in Massachusetts in
1765. The father was born in May, 1848, and he was for a number of years
the senior member of the firm of Gushing & Barron and known as an able and
reliable notary. He was in addition a director in the Sun Life Assurance Com-
pany, on the board of governors of the Young Men's Christian Association and
deacon in Calvary Congregational church, a man of wide interests, high stand-
ards and useful and important accomplishments. His death occurred September
30, 1910. He and his wife became the parents of seven children. R. Macaulay,
Dougall of this review, Charles, Arthur, Eric, GeofTfrey and Edith.

Dougall Gushing was reared in his parents' home and acquired his preliminary
education in the grammar and high schools of Montreal. He afterward attended
McGill L'niversity, from which he was graduated B. A. in 1907 and B. G. L. in
1910. In the following year he established himself as a notary in his native city,
associating himself with Robert H. Barron, his father's former partner. The
firm of Barron & Gushing is today, as it has been for many years past, one of
the strongest of its kind in the city, for Dougall Gushing has followed closely in

54 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

his father's footsteps, and has proved himself brilliant, reliable and energetic
in the conduct of his professional interests.

Mr. Gushing belongs to Phi Kappa Pi, which he joined in McGill University'
and is a member of the Seventeenth Regiment, Duke of York's Royal Canadian
Hussars. He is one of the popular and enterprising young men of Montreal
and has already gained a creditable place in a profession in which his superior
merit and ability will undoubtedly win for him ultimate distinction.

HON. SAMUEL GALE.

Hon. Samuel Gale, one of the ablest members of the legal profession in
his day, and a very prominent citizen of Montreal, died in that city on Satur-
day, April 15, 1865. He was the son of a Mr. Gale who, born in Hampshire,
England, came to America in 1770 as assistant paymaster to the forces. He
married there a Miss Wells, of Brattleboro, and soon after left the army,
and took up his residence in the colony of New York. During the Revolution
he stood firmly by the old flag under which he had served, and was. for some
time imprisoned as a loyalist. After the Revolution, he came to reside in
Canada, upon an estate granted to his wife's father by the crown, as indemni-
fication for the losses brought upon him as a loyalist in the Revolution. He
was subsequently secretary to Governor Prescott, whom he accompanied
to England, and there assisted to defend him from the attacks made upon
his administration, ^^'hile there he w-rote an essay on Public Credit, addressed
and submitted to Pitt. The following is the inscription on his tombstone at
Farnham, in Shefiford county :

"Here rests Samuel Gale, Esq., formerly acting deputy paymaster general
of H. Majesty's forces in the Southern Provinces, now the U. S. of America ;
subsequently Secretary to H. E. the Governor-in-chief of H. M. dominions
in N. A.; Author of Essays on Public Credit, and other works; born at
Kimpton Hants, England, October 14, 1748; died at Farnham, June 27, 1826."

Samuel Gale of this review was born at St. Augustine, East Florida, in
1783. He was educated at Quebec, while his father was secretary, and came
to study law at Montreal under Chief Justice Sewell, in 1802, having Chief
Justice Rolland and Mr. Papineau as fellow students. Mr. Gale was admitted
to the bar in 1808, and ere long secured a large practice. In 1815 he was
appointed a magistrate in the Indian territories, and accompanied Lord Sel-
kirk when he went to the northwest. Later, when Lord Dalhousie was
attacked for his Canadian administration, Mr. Gale went home as bearer of
memorials from the English-speaking Lower Canadians in the townships and
elsewhere, defending his lordship's conduct. In 1829. he became chairman of
the quarter sessions, and in 1834 was raised to the bench to replace Mr. Jus-
tice Uniacke, who preferred to resign the seat on the bench to which he had
just been appointed rather than come back to Montreal during the cholera,
then raging here. Judge Gale retired from the bench in 1849, forced into
retirement by cfmtinucd ill health and the gradual coming on of the infirmities
of old age.

HON. SAMUEL GALE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 57

He had married in 1831J a Miss Havvlcy, cjf St. Armand West, by whom
he had three daughters. Mrs. Gale died in September, 1849. Oi the
daughters the only one now living is Anna R., widow of T. Sterry Hunt, of
Montreal, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work ; while of the other two,
Agnes Logan married Andrew Stuart of Quebec, a son of Chief Justice
Stuart and of a very prominent family in that city, and the third l)ccame the
iJaroness von Friesen, who died December 10, 1875, in Berlin, CJermany.

Born of parents who had both sufifered for their loyal adherence to the
British Crown during the American Revolution, and educated in their views
Mr. Gale was, as long as he busied himself in politics, a stanch conservative
and defender of British unity and British supremacy. He wrote a series of
letters to the Montreal Herald (in those days the organ of the stoutest con-
servatism) over the signature of "Nerva" which produced a strong impression
on the ])ul)lic mind at that time : and in espousing the cause of Lord Dal-
housie and upholding the old constitution (under the title constitutionalists
taken by the conservatives of that day) against the advocates of democracy
or responsible government, he was but consistently pursuing the course on
which he first set out. While u]3on the bench he maintained in an elaborate
and very able judgment the right of the Crown to establish martial law here
in 1837, refusing to theorize about what abstract rights man had or ought
to have, declaring simply and firmly what the law. as he read it, established
the prerogative of the sovereign to be in a colony. Both as a lawyer and
judge he won the respect of his confreres alike by his ability and learning.

For many years previous to his death he was deeply interested in the
freedom of the slave. He could not speak with patience of any compromise
with slavery and waxed indignant in denunciation of all who in any way aided,
abetted, or even coimtenanced it. When the Anderson case was before the
Upper Canada courts he was one of the most active among those who aroused
agitation here. When the Prince of Wales visited this country he got up
a congratulatory address from the colored people of Canada which, however,
was not received, as the prince was desired by the Duke of Newcastle, not
to recognize differences of race and creed wherever it could be helped.

Judge Gale was a man of high principle and ever bore an unblemished
moral character. Once in his early career at the bar he was forced by the
then prevailing customs" of society to fight a duel. His antagonist was Sir
James Stuart, who had quarreled with him in court and Mr. Gale was severely
wounded. It was an event which, we believe, he profdundly regretted, and
gladly saw the better day dawn when men ran no risk of forfeiting their .
position as gentlemen by refusing to shoot, or be shot at, in order to redress
real or fancied insults. He was a scrupulously just man, most methodical and
punctual in business matters. There were in his writings great care, and
precision and clearness of language. In his letters, too, and even in signing
his name, the same trait was observable. He often used to condemn the
stupid custom of men who signed their names with a flourish, yet so illegibly
that no one could read, but only guess at, the word intended. He was not
ostentatious of his charities, yet they were not lacking. Some years before
his demise he made a gift of land to Bishop's College, Lennoxville, and during
the last months of his life, when age and illness were day by day wearing him

58 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

out, he found relief for his own distress in aiding to relieve that of the needy
and afflicted.

\\'ith him passed away one more of those men, who Hnk the creative past,
in which were laid the foundations of our civilization, with the Imstling pres-
ent and of whom the generation of today knows naught ; of men more
proud and precise in their manners than we are : and of such rectitude and
sense of honor, that we feel deeply the loss of the influence of their example.
A loyal subject, a learned and upright judge, a kind, true, steadfast friend,
was lost to the community in Judge Gale.

ROLLO CAMPBELL, M. D.

Dr. Rollo Campbell, of whom it was said that no man ever spoke ill, was the
son of Dr. Francis W. Campbell and was born in Montreal on the 6th of June,
1864. His life record covered a comparatively brief span. He was educated
under private tutors and in Bishop's College, where he pursued his professional
course, being graduated from that institution at Lennoxville, P. O., with honors
in the class of 1886, at which time the M. D. degree was conferred upon him.
His early professional experience came to him as interne in the Western Hos-
pital at Montreal, where he remained for a year, gaining the wide knowledge and
training that only hospital practice can bring. He then went to Europe, pursuing
his studies in London and in Edinburgh. Upon returning to his native land he
located in Montreal for practice and it was not long before he had established
an enviable reptitation as a conscientious, capable physician of untiring energy,
thoroughly devoted to his profession and ever ready to do a kindness to those in
need of his services. He was especially interested in surgery and his researches
along that line were broad and varied.

From the time of his graduation Dr. Campbell was on the teaching staff of
Bishop's College, first as demonstrator of anatomy, to which he was appointed
in 1897, and later as professor of surgery. For many years he was on the con-
sulting staff of the Montreal Dispensary and was one of the assistant surgeons
of the Western Hospital, in which institution he was greatly interested. He was
likewise an examiner for the New York Life Insurance Company.

A feature in his professional connections was his service as surgeon for
seventeen years of the Fifth Royal Scots of Canada, in which regiment he was
very popular. At one time he was president of Bishop's Medical College Grad-
uates' Society and he was physician to several fraternal societies. He also belonged
to the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society and along more strictly .social lines he
was connected with the Metropolitan Club, the Montreal Military Institute and
the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. Of the latter he was a life mem-
ber and was captain of the Bicycle Qub of that organization.

Dr. Campbell was married in Montreal in 1892 in .St. Paul's Presbyterian
church to Miss Marion May Fletcher, a daughter of Henry Fletcher, who for
thirty years was tide surveyor of the port of Montreal, and his wife, whose
maiden name was Margaret Ann Mclnnes. Dr. and Mrs. Campbell became
parents of two children: Gladys .\gnes and Fdilh Margaret. Tho family circle

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 5!)

was broken ]>\ the hand of death when on the 31st of May, 1904, Dr. Campbell
passed away. Speaking of him at this time a fellow graduate of Bishop's Col-
lege said: "He was a fine fellow. I think I can safely say that I never heard
anyone speak ill of him. He was kind and thoughtful and devoted himself to
his work. In fact, I fear that he worked too hard on account of that conscien-
tiousness which would not allow of his neglecting any seeming duty. He will
be greatly missed, not only by his fellow practitioners, but by all who knew
him and respected him."

ROBERT KURCZYN LOVELL.

While Robert Kurczyn Lovell entered upon a business already established,
he has displaved the enterprise and determination which are among his salient
characteristics in the methods which he has followed in conducting his business
affairs. Montreal numbers him among her native sons, but he comes of Irish
and German ancestry. He is the eldest son of the late John Lovell. who was a
prominent publisher of Montreal from 1835 until his death in 1893. His mother
is Mrs. Sarah Lovell, a daughter of N. P. M. Kurczyn, who was a German
merchant of Montreal.

In the acquirement of his education Robert K. Lovell passed through con-
secutive grades to the high school. In 1867 he became connected with his father
in business, becoming a partner in 1880 and so continuing until the latter's death
in July, 1893. The business was conducted under the same style until 1903
when it was incorporated. Since 1903 he has been president of the firm of
John Lovell & Son, Ltd., publishers of Lovell's Gazetteer of the Dominion of
Canada and Newfoundland, Lovell's Alontreal Directory, Lovell's Montreal
Business Directory and numerous other publications. In all of his business
affairs he never deviates from the highest standards. He is an Anglican in
religious faith.

WILLIAM OKELL HOLDEN DODDS.

For over twenty years Major William O. H. Dodds has been connected with
the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, being at present the assistant
manager for Quebec and the maritime provinces. He was born in Yarmouth,
Nova Scotia, July 3, 1867, a son of the late Charles Dodds, a manufacturer of
that province, who died in June, 1893. The mother of our subject, who was
before her marriage Miss Agnes Smith, died in December, 1910.

William Dodds received his education in the Yarmouth high school and the
Yarmouth Academy of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. He completed his school edu-
cation in 1884 and then entered the employ of the Bank of Yarmouth, remaining
with that institution until 1887. From 1887 to 1888 he assisted his father in
the wholesale and retail dry-goods business, but in the latter year came to Mon-
treal, entering the wholesale dry-goods trade, with \\hich line he continued until

60 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

1892. In that year he joined the staff of the Mutual Life Insurance Company
of New York as cashier and, rising through various positions, was made the
assistant manager of the concern for Quebec and the maritime provinces, which
office he yet holds. Mr. Dodds has also been one of the promoters of the Con-
sumers' Cotton Company.

On November 29, 1910, Mr. Dodds married Jean Hamilton Holt, eldest
daughter of Robert W. Tyre, of Montreal. Mrs. Dodds is greatly interested in
athletics and in 191 1 was elected president of the Ladies' Montreal Curling
Club.

]\Iajor Dodds is also a well known amatetir athlete. He was formerly presi-
dent of the Canadian Amateur Athletic Union ; is a member of the executive
committee of the Amateur Skating Association of Canada ; and was selected as
one of the team of the Montreal Curling Club to proceed to Scotland in Decem-
ber, 1908, but was unable to go. He has long been in the volunteer military
service, being formerly a captain in the Fifth Regiment, Royal Scots. He sub-
sequently commanded the Third Battery, Montreal, and then organized the
Twenty-first (Westmount) Battery, which he commanded from October 26,
1907, to April 9, 1910. He is now engaged in the reorganization of the First
Regiment, Grenadier Guards of Canada. In January, 1906, Major Dodds was
elected president of the Montreal Military Institute and is now councillor of the
Boy Scout movement.

Mr. Dodds is a Presbyterian and gives his political support to the conserva-
tive party. He is a member of the Montreal Club, the Alontreal Military Insti-
tute, the Montreal Curling Club, the ^Montreal Amateur .Athletic Association,
the Montreal Hunt Club, the St. James Club, the Royal Montreal Golf Club and
others.

ISAIE PREFONTAINE.

Isaie Prefontaine, no less highly esteemed for his business capacity and
enterprise than for his public-spirited citizenship, has contributed along vari-
(His lines to the welfare and progress of the city in which he makes his home.
A native of Beloeil, he was born in 1861 and in the pursuit of his education
attended Montreal College, from which he was graduated with honors. From
the outset of his career he has made his labors count as factors in general
progress and improvement. He has been a close student of conditions and
problems of the time and along practical lines has worked for betterment.

He has taken a warm interest in the commercial de\elopmcnt of the city
and ha.s been ])rominently identified with various bodies working toward
that end. He was ])resident of the Chamber of Commerce of Montreal for the
year 1908-9 and for six years was president of the School of High Commercial
Studies. In 1909 he became ])resident of the Federation of Chaml)ers of
Commerce for the jirovince of Quebec and was continued in that high and
ini])ortant office for three years. He has also been a menil)cr of the Board
of Trade and has been a cordial coo])erator in the movement for jiroviding

ISAIE PREFOXTAIXK

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 63

facilities for sj)ecializc(i instruction and training of those engaged in manu-
facturing and other industrial pursuits.

His wide research and investigation enable him to speak with authority
upon many questions bearing upon the business condition of the city and its
possibilities for progress along industrial and commercial lines. He is an
idealist, whose methods are practical, and is a man of action rather than of
theory.

Jn 1883 he married Miss Eliza Pigeon, a daughter of Olivier Pigeon, of
\'ercheres, Quebec. He belongs to both the Club St.- Denis and the Cana-
dian Club and in the city has a wide and favorable acquaintance. The Mon-
treal llerald has termed him "a man of capacity and 'high character."

FRANCIS WAYLAND CAMPBELL, M. D.

Dr. Francis Wayland Campbell, practitioner, educator and editor of medical
journals, winning distinction along each line, was born in Montreal on the 5th
of November, 1837, a son of the late RoHo Campbell, at one time publisher of
the Montreal Daily Pilot and a native of Perthshire, Scotland. Dr. Campbell's
more specifically literary education was obtained at Dutton Academy and the
Baptist College, and in preparation for a professional career he studied medicine
in McGill University, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in
i860. He at once located for practice in his native city, where he continued
until his death. After the completion of his course at McGill he spent some time
in study abroad, investigating the methods and watching the clinics of eminent
physicians and surgeons of London, Dublin, Edinburgh and Glasgow. In 1861
he passed with high rank an examination before the Royal College of Physicians
of London.

In October, 1861, Dr. Campbell married Miss Agnes Stuart Rodger, of
Greenock, Scotland, and in November returned with his bride to Canada, open-
ing an office for practice in Montreal. Success came to him almost immediately
because his equipment was good and because of his recognition of and marked
devotion to the duties of the profession. He was offered the editorship of the
hospital report department of the British-American Journal, accepted it and
continued to serve in that connection until 1864, when the publication of the
paper ceased. The Canada Medical Journal was soon afterward started and
Dr. Campbell joined Dr. Fenwick in its editorial management, being thus asso-
ciated from 1864 until 1872. In the meantime he had joined the medical faculty
of Bishop's College, whereupon Dr. Fenwick declined to associate with him any
longer in the publication of the Canada Medical Journal. The result was the
discontinuance of that paper. , Dr. Campbell decided to contest the field with Dr.
Fenwick, who began issuing the paper independently, the Campbell publication
being known as the Canada Medical Record, of which he remained editor and
proprietor until his demise. In 1872 Dr. Campbell joined Drs. David, Small-
wood, Hingston and Trenholme in organizing the medical faculty of Bishop's
College, after which he was appointed professor of physiology and was elected
by the faculty as their registrar. His writings were considered a valuable con-

64 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

tribution to the literature of the profession and his publications were liberally
patronized by those holding to the highest professional standards.

Dr. Campbell was a member of the volunteer militia from 1854 and in i860
was appointed assistant surgeon of the First Battalion, Volunteer Rifles of
Canada, now the First Battalion. He served with his regiment on the eastern
frontier, being at Hemingford and at Durham during the Fenian raid in 1866.
In the fall of that year he was promoted to the rank of surgeon of the regiment
and again during the brief Fenian raid of 187 1 was with his command at Pigeon
Hill, at St. Armands and St. Johns. After being for a great many years sur-
geon of the Prince of Wales Rifles he was appointed, on the formation of the
Regular Canadian Militia, to the office of surgeon of the Infantry School Corps
at St. Johns, Province of Quebec, and held the position for nineteen years, being
then retired at the age limit with the rank of surgeon lieutenant colonel. At that
time the regiments were known and still are as the Royal Regiments Canadian
Infantry. In 1894 he established the \'. R. I. Magazine and became its first
editor. Lennoxville conferred upon him the honorary degree of D. C. L. in 1895.
Two years later his son, Dr. Rollo Campbell, was appointed demonstrator of
anatomy in Bishop's College. Another matter of interest and importance in the
life record of Dr. Campbell was that he held for forty-three years the position
of chief medical examiner for the New York Life Insurance Company at Mon-
treal and his son. Dr. Rollo Campbell, was his assistant. He was honorary
president of the Military Institute for several years and was one of the founders
of the Western Hospital of Montreal. He was called the father of that institu-
tion and two years ago the hospital placed a very handsome bronze tablet to his
memory in the institution. At the time of his death he was dean of the medical
faculty of Bishop's College at Montreal. His degrees were M. A., M. D. and
L. R. C. P. of London. Honor and distinction came to him in many ways, and
at all times he bore his honors with becoming modesty.

Dr. Campbell was a liberal conservative in politics. He belonged to the
Montreal Military Institute and was a past master of the Victoria Lodge of
Masons. Of scholarly attainments, finding keen pleasure in scientific research
and actuated, too, by a broad humanitarian spirit, his professional service as
practitioner, educator and writer was of marked value to the public and con-
stituted a notable contribution to the world's work in the field of medical and
surgical progress.

CLEOPHAS ED\\'ARD LECLERC.

Cleophas Edward Leclcrc. who for fifteen years was a member of the board
of notaries of Quebec, his home being in Montreal, his native city, was born
September 26, 1844. Almost his entire life was passed in Montreal, where he
supplemented his early education by a classical course in the College of Ste.
Therese de Blainville in the district of Terrebonne. Having determined to
become a notary public, he entered upon his professional studies under the direc-
tion of Mr. F. Des Bastien, registrar of the county of Vaudreuil, and was
admittcfl to practice on the T5th of October, 1866. For fifteen years he was a

HISTORY OF .MONTREAL 65

member of the Quebec board of notaries and for three years was its vice presi-
dent. He stood high in his profession, and the clientage afforded him came in
recognition of his superior ability.

On the i6th of November, 1875, Mr. Leclerc was married to Miss Caroline
Eliza Archambault of St. Hyacinthe, and they became the parents of six chil-
dren : Robertine ; Rene, who is managing director of the Credit-Canada, Lim-
ited; Achille ; Alice, the wife of Arthur Hubour, who is engaged in the drug
business at the corner of Demontigny and St. Denis streets; Ovide; and Rita.
Death came to Mr. Leclerc at his home at No. 655 St. Hubert street on the 23d
of November, 191 2, when he was sixty-eight years of age. Lie was a man of
fine personal appearance, his broad forehead indicating strong native intelli-
gence. He was of dignified appearance and mien and looked at life from the
standpoint of one who recognized its obligations and duties as well as its privi-
leges and opportunities. He had an extensive circle of friends so that his death
was deeply regretted by many outside his own household.

GEORGE CAVERHILL.

Prominent on the roll of leading business men of Montreal stands the name
of George Caverhill, a merchant who for an extended period has been connected
with commercial life and figures prominently in connection with corporate inter-
ests having to do with the business enterprise and consequent prosperous devel-
oprnent of the city. He was born October 18, 1858, at Beauharnois, P. O.. and
is of Scotch descent. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth Spiers (Buch-
anan) Caverhill, the latter a representative of the Buchanan family of Lenny,
while the former was a member of the border family of Caverhills, residents
of Scotland from 1200.

In the attainment of his education George Caverhill attended successively
the Montreal high school, the Gait Collegiate Institute and McGill University.
From the outset of his business career he has been connected with mercantile
interests. In 1877 he entered the employ of Crathern & Caverhill, of Montreal,
and, later ambitious to engage in business on his own account, utilized the
opportunities of becoming a partner in a wholesale hardware firm, his partners
being his brother, the late Frank Caverhill, J. B. Learmont and T. H. Newman.
The four organized the firm of Caverhill, Learmont & Company, wholesale
hardware merchants of both ^Montreal and W'innijjeg. This by no means indi-
cates the scope of his investments and his activities. That he is today one of
the most important business men of the province is indicated in the fact that
he is vice president of the Montreal Loan & Mortgage Company, a director of
the Dominion Iron & Steel Company, Canadian Cottons, Ltd., Montreal Trust
Company, Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company, and is identified with a
number of organizations to promote trade and business relations. In 1904 he
was chosen president of the Montreal Metal & Hardware Association, was made
first vice president of the Montreal Board of Trade in 1906 and its president
in 1907.

66 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In 1887 Mr. Caverhill was married to Miss Emily Margaret, daughter of
John Caverhill. She takes active interest in philanthropical and charitable work
and is a member of the general committee of the \'ictorian Order of Nurses.
Together with her husband, she is a life governor of the Protestant Hospital
for the Insane. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ca\erhill were presented to the late King
Edward at Windsor Castle in June, 1905.

In addition to his previously mentioned activities, Mr. Caverhill is a gov-
ernor of the Montreal General Hospital, and is a life member of St. Andrew's
Society of ^Montreal. He has a great love of animals and has won fully two
hundred and sixty prizes with his kennel of skye terriers. Mr. Caverhill's polit-
ical allegiance is given to the liberal party, and in 191 1 he opposed the Tafl-
Fielding reciprocity compact. Prominent in club circles, he holds membership
with the Mount Royal, St. James, Canada, Canadian, Forest and Stream, Lachine
Boating and Canoe, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Polo, Reform,
Royal Montreal Golf and Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs, all of Montreal.
He is a man of liberal culture and broad general information, having largely
promoted his knowledge through extended travel in the East Indies, South
America, Japan, Egjpt, Greece and Italy. His opinions carry weight on all
questions in which he has become deeply interested, and his interest in any plan
or project is ever the source of activit}- in its support.

LOUIS JOSEPH ARTHUR SURVEYER.

Louis Joseph Arthur Surveyer, one of the best known business men of
Montreal, his ability and enterprise finding exemplification in his substantial
success, was born May 16, 1841, in the town of Beauharnois, in the province
of Quebec. His father was Dr. Joseph Surveyer, a well known physician of
Beauharnois and surrounding parishes, and his mother bore the maiden name
of Eugenie Duclas Decelles.

L. J. A. Surveyer was educated at St. Laurent College and entered upon
his business career as a clerk in a general store in St. Johns, P. Q. After
eighteen months he came to Montreal and entered the retail hardware store
of Messrs. Ferrier & Company on Notre Dame street. After nine months'
service in the employ of that firm they sold their business and Mr. Surveyer
entered the employ of Mr. Thomas Davidson in his retail store, continuing
in that employ for seven years. He was ambitious to engage in business on
his own account and so wisely used his time and talent that he was now able
with a capital of six hundred dollars to open a store of his own. His venture
proved successful from the' beginning and has been developed and built up
to its present extensive proportions so that Mr. Surveyer is now ranked with
the leading business men of the city.

In 1868 Mr. Surveyer married Miss Amelie Pelletier, who died thirteen
months later. In 1873 he married Miss M. A. Hectorine Fabre, a daughter of
the late E. R. Fabre, and the youngest sister of the late Archbishop Fabre.
Of this union there were born eight children, seven of whom are living, as
follows; I'.dward Fabre, a lawver in Montreal, of whom there is further

LOUIS J. A. SURVEYER

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 69

mention in this work; Eugenie, now Mrs. N. K. Latlamme of Montreal;
Arthur, of Surveyer & Frigon, consulting engineers ; Paul, a lawyer in Mon-
treal; Gustave, of Montreal; Marie; and Therese, now Mrs. Jules Faurnier of
Montreal. Mr. Surveyer is a member of the Canadian Club and of the Alli-
ance Nationale. There is found in his life history the strong proof of the fact
that the road to opportunity is open to ambition and energ)', and that it leads
to the goal of success.

NORVAL DICKSON.

Nerval Dickson, practicing as a notary in IMontreal in partnership with R.
B. Hutcheson, and controlling an important, representative and growing client-
age, was born in Howick, Quebec, in 1878 and is a son of Robert Dickson who
came to Canada from Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1830.

Nerval Dickson acquired his preliminary education in Huntingdon Academy,
Huntingdon, Quebec, and afterwards entered McGill University in Montreal,
receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1901 and his degree in law in 1904.
Immediately afterward he began practice in Montreal, continuing alone until
May, 1910, when he formed a partnership with R. B. Hutcheson under the firm
name of Hutcheson & Dickson. Mr. Dickson has proved an important and help-
ful factor in the success of the firm, for he possesses a deep and comprehensive
knowledge of the underlying principles of his profession and has a well deserved
repiitation as a reliable and competent notary. The firm controls a growing and
extensive patronage and has a high standing in legal circles of the city.

REV. ABRAHAM DE SOLA, LL. D.

Rev. Abraham de Sola, LL. D., who for many years was so familiar a figure
in literary circles in Montreal and who earned so wide and deserved a reputation
as an Oriental scholar and theologian, was a descendent of an illustrious Spanish-
Jewish family. The marvelous history of Israel must ever be of peculiar inter-
est to mankind, and perhaps no chapter in the post-biblical portion of that history
possesses more charm than that which relates about the Jews of Spain and Portu-
gal, or Sephardim, as they are styled. These lived free and untrammeled during
those mediaeval times when their brethren in less favored countries were weighed
down by the burden of oppression, and with the Saracens they kept alive the
flame of learning and science in the Iberian peninsula at a time when it burnt
lowest in the rest of Europe. Power, rank and honor were theirs ; and when
afterwards clouds obscured the sky of their prosperity, and the storm of persecu-
tion burst pitilessly over their heads, their record of heroic martyrdom and
thrilling adventure is a tale as fascinating as that of many of the most imagina-
tive pages of fiction.

Among the many bright names which illumined Spanish-Jewish history, that
of De Sola stands prominent. The De Solas had settled in Andalusia as early

70 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

as the sixth century, whence they had come from Judea by gradual stages through
northern Africa. They held various offices under the Saracenic caliphs at Toledo
and Cordova, and afterwards when they removed to Navarre they were received
with like favor by the Gothic princes. From their estate in this province, their
surname had its origin. A particularly distinguished member of the family was
Don Bartolomeu de Sola, who, in reward for his services, was ennobled and,
after being a minister of state, held for a while the position of viceroy of Navarre.

During the fourteenth century another De Sola distinguished himself fighting
under the Infante of Aragon and figured conspicuously in the Spanish wars of
that period. During the succeeding centuries the family continued to hold an
illustrious place, owing to the large number of eminent scholars, physicians and
statesmen it produced. Their fortunes, however, changed when King Ferdinand,
having by the conquest of Granada destroyed the last vestige of Moorish power
in Spain, decided to drive therefrom all who did not conform to the dominant
faith ; and in 1492 was promulgated the terrible edict of expulsion, which, at
one blow, deprived hundreds of thousands of Spain's most intelligent and indus-
trious inhabitants of happy and prosperous homes. The De Solas took refuge in
Holland, but a branch of the family continued to hold business connections with
Lisbon, and eventually some of them settled in the Portuguese capital, where they
amassed much wealth. Watched by the Inquisition, they, like many other Por-
tuguese Jews, for some time evaded the danger by assuming to become Marannos
or Nuevos Christianos — as converted Jews were styled — while they secretly
remained loyal to Judaism. In the latter part of the seventeenth century, however,
suspicion was directed towards them, and David de Sola (who to elude his per-
secutors had assumed the name of Bartolome) was apprehended and charged
with having relapsed into Judaism. Although placed under the most fearful tor-
ture nothing seems to have been proved, as he was allowed to afterwards go
free ; but he was physically broken dow-n by his terrible sufferings. Escape from
the country by a suspect was then extremely difficult, but in the next generation
his son, Aaron de Sola, managed to secure refuge on board a British man-of-war
and to make good his escape with his family to England ; not, however, before
two of his relatives had been imprisoned, tortured and condemned to death at an
auto-da-fe, by the Inquisition, for secret adherence to Judaism.

It was in 1749 that Aaron de Sola fled with his wife and family to England,
and now that they were freed from the terrors of the Inquisition they openly
avowed once more their loyalty to the faith of their fathers. From England they
took passage for Holland, where they rejoined their relatives, and taking up their
residence in Amsterdam they soon again rose to distinction in the various learned
professions.

Previously to this — in the year 1690 — one of the preceding generation, Isaac
de Sola, had settled in London and had ac(|uired a high rejiutation in the Hebrew
community there as an clo<|ucnt preacher and author. Several volumes of his
works are still extant.

Four sons had accompanied .Aaron de Sola in his flight from Lislion in 1749,
of whom the eldest, David, was the great-grandfather of the Dr. .Abraham de
Sola who forms the chief subject of this sketch. The youngest of Aaron de Sola's
sons, Dr. I'enjamin de Sola, attained to a foremost jilace among the ])ractitioners
of the eighteenth century. He was court jihysician to William \' of the Nether-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 71

lands and was the autlior of a large number of medical works. The other two
sons of Aaron de Sola settled in Curacao, and one of them was the grandfather
of General Juan de Sola, who became so distinguished as a commander of cavalry
under Uolivar and Paez when the South American states revolted from Spain.
He took part in the decisive battle of Carabobo, and led the charge on Puerto
Cabello when that city was stormed by Paez, receiving a salire wound during the
tight. After the restoration of peace he held important public offices during the
Paez regime.

The Rev. Abraham de Sola, LL. D., was born in London, England, on the
i8th of September, 1825. His father, David Aaron de Sola, was senior minis-
ter of the Portuguese Jews of London, to which city he had been called from
Amsterdam, and was eminent as a Hebrew author, having produced among many
other works an elegant translation of the Jewish Forms of Prayer; also, in con-
junction with Dr. Raphael, an edition of Genesis, very valuable to biblical stu-
dents on account of its commentaries and copious notes, and the first English
translation of Eighteen Treatises of the Mishna. His mother was the daughter
of Dr. Raphael Aleldola, chief rabbi of the Spanish-Jewish congregations of
Britain. The Aleldolas had given eminent chief rabbis to Europe for twelve
generations. Abraham de Sola received careful tuition in all the usual branches
of a liberal education. He became early engrossed in the study of Oriental
languages and literature and of theology, and continued to devote his attention
to those subjects until he acquired that profound knowledge of them wdiich sub-
sequentl}' won him so prominent a place among scholars. Having been offered
the position of rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish .Congregation of
Montreal he accepted the call and arrived in this city in the beginning of 1847,
and here, for over thirty-five years, he continued to minister to the spiritual w'ants
of his people. His able pulpit discourses soon attracted attention. Dr. de Sola's
abilities, however, were not destined to be confined exclusively to his official
duties. Before leaving London he had been associated in the editorial work of
a Hebrew journal. The \'oice of Jacob, and soon after his arrival in Canada
he delivered a course of lectures on Jewish history before the Mercantile Lit-
erary Association. In 1848 he published his "Notes on the Jews of Persia under
Mohammed Shah," and also "A History of the Jews of Persia." Within the
same year there appeared his important work on "Scripture Zoology." Soon
afterwards he published his "Lectures on the Mosaic Cosmogony." This was fol-
lowed by his "Cosmography of Peritsol," a work displaying such erudition
that it gained a WMde circulation in Europe and was reprinted there in several
languages. His next work, "A Commentary upon Samuel Hannagid's Introduc-
tion to the Talmud," was a book which deservedly attracted much attention, owing
to the light which it threw upon an interesting portion of rabbinical literature
and to its depth of Talmudic knowledge. In 1853 he published, conjointly with
the Rev. J. J. Lyons, of New York, a work on the Jewish Calendar System,
chiefly valuable on account of its excellent prefatory treatise upon the Jewish
system of calculating time.

Dr. de Sola's mastery of Semitic languages and literature early attracted the
notice of our learned bodies, and, after first acting as lecturer, he was, in 1853,
appointed professor of Hebrew and Oriental literature at McGill L^niversity. The

72 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

high abilities which he displayed as occupant of this chair proved the wisdom of
the appointment, and he continued to hold the position during the rest of his life.

For some time Dr. de Sola had been engaged in the preparation of one of his
most important productions, "The Sanatory Institutions of the Hebrews." The
work was published in two parts and was an exhaustive exposition of the
hygienic laws of the Hebrews, as exhibited in both Scriptural and rabbinical writ-
ings, critically examined in the light of modern scientific knowledge. It was a
production which evinced how deeply the author had penetrated into scientific
as well as rabbinical paths of learning. Shortly afterwards he published a sup-
plemental work to it, entitled "Behemoth Hatemeoth."

The prominence to which Dr. de Sola had now reached among men of let-
ters led McGill University to confer upon him the degree of LL. D. in 1858.

In i860, Dr. Hall, the editor of The British .\merican Journal, devoted to
physical and medical science, induced Dr. de Sola to assist that publication with
his pen, and, among other contributions, his series of articles "Upon the Employ-
ment of Anaesthetics in Cases of Labor, in Connection with Jewish Law," call
for particular mention.

Dr. de Sola's wide range of studies had made him very popular both as a
public lecturer and as a contributor to various literary papers. The themes of
some of these were afterwards much amplified by him and republished in their
elaborated and completed form. At comparatively short intervals he gave to the
public his works on "Scripture Botany," "Sinaitic Inscriptions," "Hebrew Xumis-
matics," "The Ancient Hebrews as Promoters of the Arts and Sciences," "The
Rise and Progress of the Great Hebrew Colleges," and "Philological Studies in
Hebrew and the Aramaic Languages." Turning his attention again to Jewish
history, he, in i8fx). wrote his interesting "Life of Shabethai Tsevi, the False
Messiah." The following year he completed his "History of the Jews of Poland,"
and in 1871 he published his "History of the Jews of France."

Dr. de .Sola closely identified himself with many of our literary and scien-
tific associations, notably with the Natural History Society, in which he was an
active colaborer of Sir William Dawson and Sir William Logan. He was for
many years president of the society and received H. R. H. Prince Arthur (after-
wards Duke of Connaught) when that prince visited the society in 1870. His-
address upon "The Study of Natural Science," delivered upon that occasion,
called forth a letter of approbation from Queen Mctoria.

During all his intense literary activity Dr. de Sola was taking a very promi-
nent part in all matters afi^ecting the Jewish people. His mastery of Jewish
theology, in all its branches, had earned him wide renown among his own race
and had gained him a high place among the very foremost rabbis of the day.
Convinced that the fences which orthodoxy placed around the citadel of his an-
cestral faith were the best safeguards against disintegrating forces, the upholders
of historical Judaism found in him an able and jjowerful champion. Equally
noticeable were his bold attacks upon the weak points of tlie skeptical school of
modern biblical criticism. His intimate knowledge of all those branches of
learning which hear upon this subject made him particularly formidable in this
respect. The Jewish press and pulpit and the lecture platform were the vehicles
by which he usually reached the jjublic on these subjects. He had, indeed, since
his first arrival in Canada been a jjarticularly active contril)Utor to Jewish jour-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 73

nals, more especially to the Occident of I'hiladelpliia, with which he was for
years identified, being in intiniale literary relations with its editor, the gifted
Isaac Leeser.

Dr. de Sola's ability in the jmlpit led tcj his frequently being invited to lecture
in the United States, where he had ac(|uire(l nnich prominence and popularity.
On the 9th of January, iJSjJ, he was invited by General (irant's govern-
ment to jierform the ceremony of opening the United States congress with prayer,
and for the first time was witnessed the unique spectacle of one who was not a
citizen of the United States nor of the dominant belief officiating at the open-
ing ceremonies at the assembling of congress at Washington. 'J'he broad lib-
erality of this act, upon the part of the United States government, was fraught
with particular signiticance at that time, owing to the fact that diplomatic rela-
tions between liritain and the United States had then but lately been strained to
dangerous tension by the "Alabama Claims," and this high compliment to a Brit-
ish subject was the first evidence of the growth of a better feeling between the
two countries. Sir Edward Thornton, the British ambassador at Washington,
formally extended to Dr. de Sola the thanks of the British government, and
Mr. Gladstone — then prime minister, also personally communicated his satis-
faction.

Upon the death of Isaac Leeser, Dr. de Sola purchased the stereotyped plates
of his works and issued a new edition of that author's translation of the Bible
according to Jewish authorities. He also brought out a revised translation
of the Jewish Forms of Prayer, in six volumes, based upon the editions of D. A.
de Sola (his father) and of Leeser. He was invited to become .the successor of
Mr. Leeser in his ministerial office but declined. He had previously refused sev-
eral similar offers.

Dr. de Sola's onerous duties were at this time further increased by his being
offered the chair of Hebrew at the Montreal Presbyterian College, and later on
he accepted the appointment of lecturer in Spanish literature at McGill Univer-
sity, a literature and language with which he was specially familiar and to which
he was particularly attached.

But such incessant application to work could not but prove exhaustive, and his
naturally vigorous health broke down under the strain. A year's rest, spent
in Europe, proved sufficiently beneficial to enable him to return to some of
his duties. For a while he also resumed his contributions to the Jewish press,
and among other interesting writings we notice his "Yehuda Alcharizi and the
Book Tachkemoni." In 1880 he published his last important work, "Saadia Ha-
Gaon," a book giving a very valuable description of the writings and life of
one of the greatest of Jewish philosophers and also containing an interesting
account of the court of a prince of the captivity.

But failing health was destined now to check forever the labors of his active
pen, and while in Kew York, on a visit to his sister, he was taken ill and his death
occurred on June 5. 1882. The remains were brought on to Montreal and there
interred. He had not yet comjsleted his fifty-seventh year when he passed awav.
In his death the Hebrew community sustained a loss whose magnitude could
scarcely be over-estimated. His self-sacrificing devotion to the service of his
race, his ceaseless labor in everything which could elevate and promote both
their moral and intellectual welfare, his (|uick readiness to assuage, with kind

74 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

counsel and help, the lot of those in adversity, and the rare talents which he had
displayed in his niultifarions writings, had won for him the warmest admiration
and attachment of his people and had gained him a reputation among them that
was w'orld-wide. His loss, indeed, was scarcely less regretted by Gentile than by
Jew, for the prominence which his scholarly attainments had acquired for him
among Canadian litterateurs, the active role which he had for thirty-five years
played in our various learned bodies, and the distinguished position which he
held in our leading university, achieved for him an illustrious place among
Canada's public men.

Dr. de Sola was married in 1852 to Esther Joseph, the youngest daughter
of Henry Joseph, of Berthier, one of the earliest Jewish settlers in this country.
Cjf his several children, the eldest son, the Rev. Aleldola de Sola, succeeded him
as rabbi of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue of Montreal, and another
son, Clarence I. de Sola, is general manager of the Belgian syndicate, "Comptoir
Belgo-Canadien."

ROBERT MEIGHEN.

The history of Canada's great industrial and commercial growth during the
past thirty or forty years is but the history of such men as Robert Meighen
one of the foremost business men of his generation, whose intense and intelli-
gently directed activity constituted a potent force in the material development
and progress of not only the city and province of his adoption but various
other sections of the Dominion as well. His birth occurred at Dungiven, near
Londonderry, Ireland, April 18, 1838, his parents being Robert and Mary
(McLeghan) iMeighen, whose family numbered five children. The family
history shows a long line of Irish ancestors.

Robert Meighen was educated at Perth, Ontario, for following the father's
death the mother brought her family to the new world, settling at Perth, where
her sons were educated and established themselves in business as retail and
wholesale merchants. The firm of A. Meighen & Brothers has for many years
been one of the most extensive mercantile firms doing business in the old
Bathurst district. Robert IMeighen carried on business in partnership with
his brother at Perth, Ontario, until 1879, when he removed to Montreal and
entered into business relations with his brother-in-law. Sir George Stephen,
later Lord Mount Stephen, whom he succeeded as president of the New Bruns-
wick Railway, which now forms part of the Canadian Pacific Railway system.
Successful from the outset of his business career, Mr. Meighen continually
extended his efforts into other fields. He became one of the founders of the
Lake of the Woods Milling Company, establishing and operating mills and
elevators at Keewatin and Portage la Prairie, which are among the largest aiul
best equipped in the world. Shortly after the organization of this company
Robert Meighen became its president, which position he retained till the time
of his death, directing its policy and formulating tiic plans upon which the
mammoth business was constructed. This represented, however, but one phase

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HISTORY OF MONTREAL 77

of his activity. He carried his efforts into many fields, none of them failing
to profit by his cooperation.

"The Gazette," at the time of Mr. Meighen's death, said in part: "Mr.
Meighen was a self-made man and was proud to designate himself as such.
From the day he entered business pursuits at Perth, many years ago, down to
the time he became a director of the Canadian Pacific Railway, an institution
Ix' liad championed from its inception, in commerce, in finance and in imperial
politics, Robert Meighen was never at home except on the firing line. Although
the fact is only perhaps known to the newspaper fraternity and to some of the
leaders of tariff reform in England, he advocated closer relations between the
mother country and the outlying dependencies of the empire even before Mr.
Chamberlain took the platform in England, as the champion of such a policy.

"Mr. Meighen was known in eastern Ontario as a clever business man, a
follower of Sir John A. Macdonald, and as a man who had ideas and could
fearlessly express them on the stump and at the fireside, many years before
he came to Montreal. It was ere his removal to this city that he had secured,
most successfully, the right of way for the Ontario & Quebec Railway, now
the Montreal & Toronto section of the Canadian Pacific, and later on he was
entrusted with the promotion of a bill wliich was of the utmost importance to
that railway. Mr. Meighen was not a member of parliament, but he stated his
case to the members outside and in the loljbies of the house with such forceful-
ness, such clarity of view and in so straightforward a manner that few could
withstand his cogent arguments. It was a tribute to his power that Sir
Richard Cartwright's denunciation of him was quite as vehement as the thun-
derbolts which the chief antagonist of the great railway project' used to launch
against Sir John Macdonald, Sir Charles Tupper and the other parliamentary
giants of the day.

"Mr. Meighen believed not only in the Canadian Pacific project itself, but
also in the ultimate value of the great tracts of land lying for a thousand miles
along to the north of where the line was being run away up to the Saskatche-
wan, and, if he died a rich man, it was due to abiding faith in the future of
Canada's western domain and in the ultimate development of the Dominion as
a whole. It was in reply to a jocular observation from Mr. Choate, the then
American ambassador at the court of St. James, who had asked Mr. Meighen
when Canada was going to throw in her lot with the United States, that the
Montreal imperialist declared that it was customary for the larger unit to absorb
the smaller, and no doubt at her pleasure Canada would follow the established
precedent.

"A good many shrewd Montreal merchants smiled when Mr. ^leighen came
from a small Ontario town to this city as the promoter of a great industry,
but many months had not passed before they discovered that both in commerce
and finance a rival worthy of their keenest steel had taken his place amongst
them and ever after, when any important subject was up for discussion on the
floors of the Board of Trade, the opinions of the man from Perth, uttered with
characteristic Irish eloquence and wit, invariably commanded respect and atten-
tion. His fellow members did not always agree with him, but they were always
ready to admit that he was sincere and that he spoke the truth as he felt it.

78 HISTORY OF .MONTREAL

"Returning from England some years ago, when everything spelt unrest in
industrial Britain, Air. Aleighen gave an interview to The Gazette which has
perhaps been quoted more frequently by politicians on both continents, as well
as by Canadian public men of all parties, than any other of his utterances. Mr.
Aleighen, who was always a great reader, declared that England at that time
could only be compared to Athens when Diogenes, the Greek philosopher, went
out with his lantern looking, as he said, for a man. He said, however, in the
course of that interview, that the man would be found, and sure enough it
was not long before Joseph Chamberlain was entering upon his whirlwind cam-
paign in favor of imperial preference and the absolute unity of the British
empire. Air. Aleighen was denounced more than once at the Montreal Board
of Trade, but a good many of the men who came to scoff remained to pray,
to use Air. Aleighen's own graphic language. Three years ago, when a resolu-
tion was to be introduced before the Alontreal Board of Trade on the policy
of imperial preferential trade. Air. Aleighen was particularly anxious that it
should be fathered by a leader in commerce and finance. He prepared the
resolution, called upon the late Sir George Drummond, president of the Bank
of Alontreal and universally admitted to be the first authority on matters of
trade and finance in the Dominion, asking him to move it. Sir George Drum-
mond's answer was characteristic of the man. "Air. Aleighen,' he replied, 'this
resolution meets my views exactly, but the honor of moving it belongs to you
and you alone and I will take a second place. You will mo"ve the resolution
and I will be only too happy to second it.' Air. Aleighen delivered a masterly
address on that occasion and the resolution was carried.

"His greatest energy was centered in the development of the company
over which he presided up to the hour of his death, yet he stated not very long
ago that he was shaping things in such a manner as would permit younger
men to assume the responsibilities of management and that after the million-
dollar bond issue had been retired he would then feel that he could take a rest.

"The late president of the Lake of the Woods Company was from the
outset an uncompromising opponent of the Washington reciprocity pact and
he did not hesitate to state on every oft'ered occasion that the ratification of
such a treaty would be a severe blow aimed at the unity of the empire, and a
decided mistake in the widest interests.

"He was the confidential friend and associate in various business enter-
prises of both Lord Mount Stephen and Lord Strathcona. These eminent men
had implicit confidence in Air. Aleighen's business judgment, and as a matter
of fact many other men high up in imperial statecraft came to him for advice
on both Canadian and British trade matters. Indeed, some of the best speeches
delivered on the unionist side during the last two British elections drew their
information from, and were in part, inspired by the ideas of this foremost,
perhaps, of Canadian tariff reformers."

The same paper said editorially : "A v^'orthy and widely respected citizen
was lost to Alontreal by the death yesterday morning of Air. Robert Aleighen.
In business he won marked success. He helped in no small way to show the
great possibilities of the milling trade of Canada and so profited the country
as well as himself and his associates. He judiciously employed the wealth that
came to him and greatly increased his store. The largest business enterprises

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 79

sought his counsel on their (hrectorates and ])rolite(l by his connection with
them. He was a man of ideas in matters outside of commerce, and held and
advocated views about the country and the empire with vigor and courage and
the broadest loyalty. In private life his sincerity, earnestness and kindliness
caused all men to give him their regard. In his capacity as merchant, citizen
and man he rose to high stature ; and at a rijje old age closed a worthy career,
leaving a memory that is a help to what is good and creditable in business life."

Among his business connections, not already mentioned, Mr. Mcighen was
managing director of the Cornwall Manufacturing Company, a director of the
Canada Northwest Land Company, the Bank- of Toronto, the Dominion Trans-
portation Company, the St. John Bridge & Railway Company, the Montreal
Street Railway and the New Brunswick Land Company. His activities like-
wise extended to other fields havjng to do with many subjects of vital interest
to city and country. He was a director of the Montreal Parks and Playground
Association and was president of the New Brunswick Fish and Game Club.
He was likewise vice president of the King Edward Memorial Committee of
Montreal, was chairman of the Canadian board of the Phoenix Assurance
Company and was a governor of the Royal Victoria, the Western and Maternity
Hospitals of Montreal. The Montreal Standard named him as one of the
twenty-three men at the basis of Canadian finance, and it was a recognized
fact that few men were more familiar with the problems of finance or did more
to establish a safe monetary system. Mr. Meighen belonged to various prom-
inent social organizations, including the St. James Club, the Mount Royal Club,
the Canada Club and the Montreal Club.

He was a Presbyterian, a member of St. Paul's church and' chairman of its
board of trustees. All his life Mr. Meighen was a firm believer in the copart-
nership of capital and labor and in the coexisting duties, on a fair basis, of one
to the other. He realized and carried out the idea of their inter-dependency.
\\'hen labor had contributed to the success of capital he never allowed it go
without recognition and its just reward, with the result of absolute confidence
on the pnrt of his employes in his fairness and regard for their interests, and
a willingness to give, in turn, their loyal and honest support to capital. Above
all Mr. ]\Ieighen had keen human sympathies. He delighted in the energetic
young man cutting out his road to success, but this did not prevent him from
having patience and sympathy with those who, perhaps through lack of natural
gifts or unfortunate circumstances, found life an uphill pull. In astonishing
numbers both kinds of men seemed to bring their successes and their failures
to him. and to both, provided they showed honesty of purpose, he would give
his time, his advice and his help in the open-hearted way characteristic of a
man who had not a single ungenerous impulse in his nature.

At the time of his death when the press throughout Canada was giving
appreciations of his ability and of his success one of his intimate friends
remarked, "They have omitted the biggest thing about him — his heart" — and
so it was. When these two, great heart and much ability, go hand in hand
and work together, one vitalizing, as it were, the conceptions of the other, a
potent force is felt to be abroad. W'el! is it for our Canadian business world
to have had such a force in its midst as the late Robert Meighen truly was.
He died when still, one might say, at the height of his activities and with a

80 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

heavy burden of work upon him, but to work was his pleasure. His loss was
deeply deplored by all who knew him and he left behind him a record of a
man who in all things was the soul of honor and an example to those who
come after — "Follow on."

Mr. Meighen left a widow, Elsie Stephen, daughter of the late William
Stephen, formerly of Dufftown, Scotland, and three children. Lieutenant Col-
onel F. S. Meighen, who has succeeded his father as president of the Lake of
the Woods Milling Company, Mrs. R. Wilson Reford and Mrs. R. O. Harley.

WILLL\M ERNEST BOLTON.

Twenty years' connection with the real-estate business has brought William
Ernest Bolton into prominence and today he figures as a controlling factor in
some of the leading real-estate companies of Montreal. He was born in this
city April ii, 1873, a son of Richard and Elizabeth (Alinchin) Bolton. His edu-
cation was acquired in the schools of his native city, and early in his business
career he became identified with real-estate activity in which connection he has
remained for many years as a well known and successful real-estate broker.
He has been identified with many important property transfers and with important
development of real-estate interests. He is now a director of the Montreal
Loan & Mortgage Company ; president of the Birmingham-Montreal Realty Com-
pany, Limited ; a director of the Midland Investment Company. Limited ; of the
Richelieu Realty Company, Limited : of the Renforth Realty Company, Limited,
and of the Riviera Realty Company. Limited. These are among the most
important corporations in that branch of business having to do with the property
interests and consequent development and progress of the city.

In Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1905, ^Mr. Bolton was united in marriage to
Miss Catherine Hamilton McClure and they have become the parents of two
sons, Richard and Hamilton. Mr. Bolton votes with the conservative party but
the honors and emoluments of public office have no attraction for him. When
business leaves him leisure for social enjoyment he spends his time at the Mon-
treal Club, the Beaconsfield Golf Club, the Winter Club, the Montreal Country
Club and the ?»Iontreal Amateur Athletic Association, in all of which he holds
membership.

THORNTON DAVIDSON.

Foremost among the younger generation of business men in Montreal and
one who had attained a high standing in the financial circles of the city, was
Thornton Davidson, whose untimely death in the sinking of the steamship
Titanic, April 15, 191 2, ended a career that had not only been successful, but
gave great promise for the future.

Thornton Davidson was a native of Montreal, and was born on the I7.th of
May, 1880. His father was the Hon. C. Peers Davidson, D. C. L., a distin-

THOKXTDV n.WIDSOX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 83

guished jurist, and his mother Alice Mattice, second daughter of WiUiam Mat-
tice of Cornwall, Ontario. Reared in Montreal, Thornton Davidson attended
the city schools, graduating from high school. Throughout his active business
career he was connected with financial interests, later becoming manager of the
Montreal branch of the New York house of Charles Head & Company.

In 1908 he established the firm of Thornton Davidson & Company wliich
soon took a prominent position among the leading brokerage and investment
security houses in the city. In 1909 Mr. Davidson became a member of the
Montreal Stock Exchange. His thorough capability and great energy were
factors in the success of the business which he established and of which he
remained the head until his death. His personal popularity made him a valued
member of the club life of the city, where he held membership in the St. James,
Racquet, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Polo, Royal St. Lawrence
Yacht, Manitou and Canada Clubs, and also in Montreal Amateur Athletic
Association.

On November 3, igo6, in Montreal, Mr. Davidson was married to Miss
Orian Hays, daughter of Charles Melville Hays. Returning from Europe in
company with his wife and the latter's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Hays,
on the ill-fated Titanic, Mr. Davidson was among those brave men who on
April 15, 1912, gave precedence to women and children and went down with
the ship. Such an act is just what his friends would have expected of Thorn-
ton Davidson in such an emergency. His associates knew him as a capable
business man and a most genial companion, but they recognized in him also the
strength of character which manifests itself in the highest type of manhood
when a crisis arises.

WILLIAM FAWCETT HAMILTON, M. D.

Important professional connections indicate the high standing of Dr. \\ il-
liam Fawcett Hamilton of Montreal, who, in addition to an extensive private
practice has done much hospital work. He is a son of Gustavus W. and Eleanor
(Goodwin) Hamilton, and was born in Baie Verte, New P.runswick. His early
education was acquired in the schools of his native town and in Upper Sack-
ville and then, having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work,
he entered McGill University of Montreal, from which he was graduated with
the class of i8gi, receiving the degrees of M. D. and C. ^I. He has now suc-
cessfully practiced his profession in this city for more than two decades and has
advanced steadily to a place of prominence as a representative of the medical
profession. From 1891 until 1894 he was medical superintendent of the Mon-
treal General Hospital and in the latter year became assistant phvsician of the
Royal Mctoria Hospital, and upon the death of Dr. James Stewart, in 1906, he
was appointed attending physician of that institution. He has proven himself
a man of abilitv and public opinion has accorded him rank with the eminent
physicians of the city. He is now associate professor of clinical medicine at
McGill Universitv and as an instructor displays capability in imparting readilv.
clearlv, conciselv and forcibly to others the knowledge that he has acc|uired. In

84 HISTORY OF :M0NTREAL

1909 he was elected a member of the Board of \ictoriaii Order of Murses, and
he is a member of the Association of American Physicians and vice president
of the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society. Through these connections he
keeps in close touch with the advanced work of the profession and has himself
been a leader along the line of professional progress.

In June, 1897, Dr. Hamilton married Miss Janet Alills of Westmount, P. Q.
Aside from his activity in the professional field Dr. Hamilton has done important
public service as a director of the Young Men's Christian Association and as
senator of the Montreal Wesleyan Theological College. He is an active and
helpful member of the Methodist church, and his social nature finds expression
in his membership in the University Club and the Montreal Country Club.

HON. MICHEL MATHIEU.

Hon. Michel Mathieu has engraven his name high upon the list of ^lontreal's
eminent jurists, but has now retired from active connection with the profession,
spending the evening of life in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He has
passed the seventy-fifth milestone, having been born at Sorel, province of Que-
bec, December 20, 1838, a son of the late Joseph and Edwidge (Vandal)
Mathieu. His education was acquired under private tuition and in the College
of St. Hyacinthe, followed by a professional course in Laval University. He
was admitted to the notarial profession in 1864 and was called to the Montreal
bar as an advocate in 1865. His practice of his profession has been combined
with active public service. In 1866 he was chosen sherift of Richelieu and con-
tinued in that position for six years. He successfidly practiced his profession
at Sorel and while at the bar was closely associated with journalism bearing
upon his profession, being the publisher of La Revue Legale, together with
some annotated reports. In 1880 he was created king's counsel by the Marquis
of Lome. He became widely known as an educator, for in 1886 he became a
memlier of the law faculty of Laval University, receiving in that year the
degree of LL. D., and Ijecoming dean of the faculty, which connection he still
retains.

It is a well known fact that members of the bar more than representatives
of other professions are prominent in public office. The reasons for this are
obvious and need no amplification here, for the ([ualities which fit one for suc-
cess in law practice also prepare him for the thorough understanding of invoKed
problems affecting the public welfare, and the habit of analytical reasoning is
as forceful and valuable in one connection as in the other. Judge IMathicu sat
for Richelieu in the house of commons, representing the conservative interests
from 1872 until 1874. He was then defeated hut represented the same con-
stituency in the local parliament from 1875 "'''■' 1878. He took his place upon
the bench as puisne judge of the superior court on the 3d of October, 1881, and
for twenty-eight years interpreted law in o])inions which were notably free from
partiality and bias. His decisions indicate strong mentality, careful analysis
and a thorough knowledge of the law. The judge on the bench fails more
frequently, perhajjs, from a deficiency in that broadmindedness which not only

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 85

conipreliciuis the details of a silualioii c|uiekly and that insures a complete self-
control under even the most exasperating conditions than from any other cause ;
and the judge who makes a success in the discharge of his multitudinous, delicate
duties is a man of well rounded character, finely halanced mind and of sj^lendid
intellectual attainments. That Judge Mathieu is regarded as such a jurist is a
uniformly accepted fact. He figured also in public life as a royal commissioner
to inquire into certain matters concerning the good government of the province
in 1892. He presided at the celebrated Shortis case for murder in the '90s ; in
1910 he lectured on the Canadian constitution and in July of that year he was
appointed a royal commissioner to revise, consolidate and modify the municipal
code of Quebec.

Judge Mathieu was married in 1863 to Marie Delina Thirza, a daughter of
the late Captain St. Louis of Sorel, province of Quebec. She died in 1870 and
in 188 1 Judge Mathieu wedded Marie Amelie Antoinette, a daughter of the late
Hon. D. M. Armstrong, M. L. C. The death of Mrs. Marie A. A. Mathieu
occurred in April, 1898. Judge Mathieu now resides at The Marlborough in
Montreal. His religious belief is that of the Roman Catholic church. Some-
thing of his standing is indicated in the words of Dr. J. Reade, who spoke of
him as "much esteemed, especially by the students and younger members of the
bar," while the Montreal Gazette said of him, "He is a judge, painstaking and
capable and with a grasp of the law and its meaning that few can equal." His
influence has been far-reaching and beneficial ; it has touched the general inter-
ests of society along many lines and has been a factor in maintaining the legal
status upon which rests the stability and ])rosperity of a country, the life and
liberty of the individual.

HON. CHARLES SERAPHIM RODIER.

Along the path of broad usefulness and activity Hon. Charles Seraphim
Rodier advanced to prominence and success. He was a pioneer contractor,
lumber merchant and manufacturer of Montreal and eventually came to figure
prominently in tinancial circles. He was born in this city, October 14, 1818,
and his life record spans seventy-two years, drawing to its close on the 26th
of January, i8go. His grandfather was a physician in the French army and
leaving Paris came to Canada, settling in Montreal in the middle of the eigh-
teenth century. His father was Jean liaptiste Rodier, who married Miss Mon-
treuil, daughter of a well known navigator who commanded vessels sailing from
Montreal.

The op])ortunities accorded Charles Seraphim Rodier in his youth were
somewhat limited. He pursued his education in a church school, but at the
age of fourteen years put aside his text-books in order that he might earn his
own living. He was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade and for his services
received a wage of one dollar per day. Thus from a humble position in the
business world he steadily worked his way upward until long prior to his death
he had reached a place in the millionaire class. He applied himself thoroughly
to the mastery of his trade and when hut eighteen years of age began contract-

86 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ing on his own account and gained a good patronage. About the year 1846 he
began the manufacture of threshing machines on St. Peter street, now St. Mar-
tin, and for the remainder of his life was to be found almost daily at his office
at No. 62 St. Martin. The business prospered from the beginning and machines
that were made there over a half century ago are still repaired there. Each
step in his business career brought him a broader outlook and wider opportuni-
ties. He was the owner of freight and passenger vessels and was one of the
founders of the Jacques Cartier Bank, in which he placed one hundred and
forty-five thousand dollars. He acted as both vice president and director of that
institution and was connected with several joint stock companies, his opinions
carrying weight in their management, for his advice was always considered
sound and his judgment discriminating in regard to business affairs.

Aside from his personal interests, he was for over fifty years active in pub-
lic life. In 1838 he was elected alderman for St. Antoine ward of Montreal but
could not take his seat until later when he became of age. For nine years
he served in the council, being elected three times by acclamation. Politically
he was a stanch liberal-conservative and three times he refused a senatorship,
but later, at the urgent request of his family and friends, he accepted in 1888,
being gazetted senator on the 17th of December, of that year, for the division
of Mille Isles. He last attended parliament the week before his death and was
last at his desk on the 24th of January, 1890. He gave careful- consideration to
the grave questions which came up for settlement and stanchly supported any
movement which he considered of vital worth. His activities also extended to
other lines. He was president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society ; was warden of
Notre Dame church ; and president of St. Mncent de Paul Society. He was
also lieutenant colonel of the Si.xty-fourth lieauharnois Battalion at the time
of its formation and he was ever a generous contributor to religious, educa-
tional and charitable institutions.

Senator Rodier was united in marriage in 1848 to Miss Angelique Lapierre,
a daughter of Andre Lapierre. The death of Mr. Rodier occurred January 26,
1890, when he had reached the age of seventy-two years, while his wife sur-
vived until March 24, 1907. They were the parents of four sons and four
daughters.

ALEXANDER C. HENRY.

In business circles of Montreal the name of Alexander C. Henry was well
known, for from 1899 until his death, three years later, he was purchasing agent
for the entire system of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the magnitude and
importance of his duties making his position a most difficult and responsible
one. He was born at Beamsville, Canada, in 1849, and after mastering the
branches of learning taught in the public schools he attended the Upper Canada
College, at Toronto. Subseeiuently he removed to Montreal, and gradually working
his way upward in business connections became, in 1884, assistant ])urchasing agent
for the Canadian Pacific Railway, and in 1899 was made general purchasing
agent for the entire system. His ability, fidelity, indefatigable energy and enter-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 87

prise l)rou<,'lit him to llic [jroniinent position which he occuiiied. At the time of
his deatli Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, president of the Canadian I'acific Railway,
paid high tribute to his memory and bore testimony to his honesty, w-hich was
manifest in his careful accounting for every penny, although in his capacity of
purchasing agent he expended over one hundred and two million dollars.

On the 30th of November, 1882, in Montreal, Mr. Henry was united in
marriage to Miss Agnes Wilson, of England, and to them were born three chil-
dren, two of whom are living, H. Gordon, being a resident of Cleveland, Ohio,
and the other, A. Wilson, of Montreal. Mr. Henry held membership in St.
James the Apostle church. He was a public-spirited citizen, active in support
of any movement which he deemed of vital worth in the upbuilding and progress
of the community. He belonged to St. James Club, the Forest and Stream
Club and others, and he had an extensive circle of friends who held him iri tlic
highest esteem. Mr. Henry passed away on February 2, 1902.

GEORGE FREDERICK BENSON.

In manufacturing and commercial circles of Montreal the name of George
Frederick Benson is well known. Important business concerns have profited
by his cooperation, have felt the stimulus of his energy and enterprise and have
been (|uickened by his close, application and careful control. Many of Mon-
treal's best known and most successful business men are numbered among her
native sons, to which class Mr. Benson belongs. His father, William T. Ben-
son, a native of Kendal, W'estmoreland, England, was a member of the federal
parliament for the constituency of South Grenville, Ontario, in which county
the village of Cardinal (formerly called Edwardsburg) is situated. There the
late W. T. Benson resided for twenty-seven years, after establishing there in
1858 the industry, so well known for many years throughout the Dominion of
Canada as The Edwardsburg Starch Company and now forming the Edwards-
burg Works of The Canada Starch Company, Ltd. The late W. T. Benson
married in England, before coming to Canada, Helen Wilson of Acton Grange,
Cheshire, England, and their only son was George Frederick Benson, the sub-
ject of this review.

He was educated in England at Uppingham School and Oxford University,
but returned to Canada, after the sudden death of his father in 1885, to
take charge of his father's varied interests. After first confining his work to
the management of the firm of W. T. Benson & Company, importers of foreign
wools and chemicals at Montreal, he was elected president of The Edwardsburg
Starch Company in 1894, and since the formation of The Canada Starch Com-
pany in 1906 he has been its president and managing director. He is likewise
a director of the West Kootenay Power & Light Company, and thus his inter-
ests have become extensive and important, connecting him with leading manu-
facturing, commercial and industrial interests, not only in the east but also in
the west.

In October, 1800, Mr. Benson was united in marriage to Miss Etheldred
Norton, a daughter of the late George Frothingham of the well known firm of

88 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Frothingham & \\'orkman, and they reside at No. 15 Ontario avenue, Montreal.
Mr. Benson gives his political allegiance to the conservative party and in
religious faith is an Anglican. He has been an active member of the Montreal
Board of Trade, and was treasurer for the year 191 3. He has a wide acquain-
tance among leading club men of the city, holding membership in a number of
the most important clubs of Montreal, including the St. James. Mount Royal,
Canadian, Canada, Forest and Stream, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Racquet, Royal
Montreal Golf and Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs. He is also a member of
the Royal Canadian Yacht Club of Toronto and an active member of the
Thousand Islands Yacht Club in the Thousand Islands district, where he has
a most attractive summer residence.

LOUIS N. DUPUIS.

Louis N. Dupuis is one of Montreal's well known business men and citizens,
whose connection with varied and important commercial enterprises in that city,
has gained for him success and high standing as well as an enviable position in
business and financial circles. He was born at St. Jacques I'Achigan, Montcalm
county, Octol^er 17, 1855, a son of Joseph Dupuis and Euphrasie Richard. He
attended Archambault's Catholic Commercial Academy now called Plateau
school and entered upon his business career as junior clerk in the employ of his
late brother, J. Naz. Dupuis. in 1868. While at this time, ^Ir. Dupuis was but a
lad, yet he applied himself closely and learned the business rapidly.

He was one of the founders in 1876 of Dupuis Freres, Limited, one of the
best known mercantile houses in Montreal, and during the first ten years of this
firm's existence he took an important part in the management of its affairs and
was no small factor in its success.

On the 1st of January, 1886, Louis N. Dupuis retired from the firm, since
which time he has given his attention to various commercial enterprises, his
sound judgment constituting an active and effective force in capable manage-
ment.

Mr. Dupuis has been for a number of years extensively identified with real
estate interests in Montreal, and in this connection has taken a prominent part
in the city's development. He is president of the Eastmount Land Company,
also president of La Compagnie General d'Immeubles. Limitee, and president
of the Merchants and Employers Guarantee and Accident Company. In these
companies as well as in others with which he has been identified, his sound
business judgment and foresight have been substantial contributions to their
success.

On the 25th of April, 1881, Mr. Dupuis was married at L'Assom])tion to
Miss Marie Melanie Panct Lcvesque, the second daughter of Pierre Thomas
Panet Levesque, a land surveyor. Mr. Panet Levesque was seigneur of d'Aille-
boust and Ramsey, which two seigiicuries are situated in the county of Joliette,
P. Q. Mr. and Airs. Dupuis have ten children, living: Anne Marie; Amelie;
Pauline and Celine; Pierre Louis, a well known young advocate of Montreal
who was married on the 15th of January, 1913, to Miss Carmcl Girouard,

LOraS N. DUPUIS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 91

daughter of Joseph Giroiiard, ex-member of parliament of St. Benoit, Two
Mountains; Rosaire, one of the rising young notaries of Montreal, and of whom
further mention is made elsewhere in this work ; Francois ; Camille ; Roger ;
and Jean.

Mr. Dupuis holds to the political faith of the conservative party and to
the religious faith of the Roman Catholic church. He is a Knight of Columbus
of Conseil Lafontaine and belongs to the Chapleau Fish and Game Club and
the Canadian Club. Thoroughly progressive in his ideas, he has kept well
informed both by reading and travel. As long ago as 1874, Air. Dupuis visited
Fort Garry, now the city of Winnipeg, when the journey required fourteen
days from Montreal, and too, when the Red River country was considered the
"Far West." He has since then visited the Pacific coast no less than five times,
as well as various sections of the United States. He is equally familiar with
England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as continental Europe, as it was
formerly his custom to make semi-annual trips to Europe in connection with
his business affairs. He enjoys the outdoor life, especially the sports of the
forest. His public service has been well performed. At the end of 1909 he
was selected by the citizens committee to form part of the new administration
of the city as commissioner and was elected by the city at large in the election
held on the 2d of February, 1910.

ROUER JOSEPH ROY, K. C.

Rouer Joseph Roy, jurist, linguist and an interested student of literary,
scientific and antiquarian subjects, was born in MiMitreal. January 7, 1821, his
parents being the late Joseph Roy, M. P. P., and Amelia (Lusignan) Roy. The
former, of French descent, rose to a position of prominence, representing his
riding in the provincial legislature. His wife was connected with the distin-
guished family of Rouer de Villeray.

Rouer Joseph Roy attended Montreal College, from whch he was graduated
with honors in the presence of Lord Durham. Having determined upon the
practice of law as his life profession, he entered the law office of the Hon. Mr.
Sullivan in 1838 and after four years of thorough and comprehensive study was
called to the bar, in 1842. Almost from the beginning his career was a successful
one and after several years devoted to active law practice he was appoiiUed joint
•city attorney for Montreal in 1862, filling that position continuously until 1876,
when he became the sole legal advisor of the city, remaining in that office until
he resigned in 1898. He afterward filled the position of consulting city attorney.
In 1864 he was elected syndic of the Quebec bar and so continued for four vears.
In the same year he was made c|ueen's counsel as well as being elected president
of the connnittee in charge of the bar library, which office he continuously and
honoral)ly filled for thirty years. In 1S87 he was unanimously chosen batonnier
of the Montreal bar and the following year was chosen batonnier general of the
province. He held high professional rank and on several occasions appeared
before the judicial committee of the privy council 'n England.

92 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In January, 1857, Mr. Roy was married to Miss Corinne Beaudry, a daughter
of the late Hon. J. L. Beaudry, M. L. C, who in 1857 was mayor of Montreal.
Mr. Roy not only enjoyed a high reputation as a lawyer but also as a scholar,
being widely known as a linguist, speaking fluently Greek, Latin, Italian and
French as well as English. For many years he occupied the presidency of the
Numismatic and Antiquarian Society. He was one of the last survivors of the
Sons of Liberty, an organization which played a most important part at the time
of the rebellion of 1837. His religious faith was that of the Roman Catholic
church and he filled the office of church warden of the parish of Notre Dame.
His life was characterized by a nobility that lifted him above those traits which
mar character and when death called him on the 27th of July, 1905, only words
of commendation and respect were spoken concerning his life work. ' He had
done things worthy to be written and had written things worthy to be read, and
he left to posterity an unblemished name, linked with many deeds that won him
prominence and honor.

CHARLES MACKAY COTTON.

A man of force, experience and capacity, Charles Mackay X^otton has made
for himself an enviable position at the bar of Quebec and is numbered among
the most able and successful advocates of Montreal, where he is in active practice
as a member of the firm of Cotton & Westover. He was born in Durham town-
ship, IMissisquoi county, Quebec, February 22, 1S78, and is a representative of
a well known Canadian family of English extraction, being a son of Sheriff
Cotton, a grandson of Dr. Cotton and a great-grandson of Rev. Charles Caleb
Cotton, B. A. (Oxford), who came from England in 1799 and was one of the
pioneer Anglican clergymen in the eastern townships.

Charles Mackay Cotton acquired his preliminary education at Cowansville
Academy, Feller Institute, Grande Eigne, Quebec, and afterward entered McGill
University, Montreal, from which he was graduated with the degree of B. A.
in 1899, winning the high honor of the gold medal for general proficiency. From
the same institution he was afterwards graduated B. C. L. in 1902, taking at
this time the Macdonald scholarship. In his student days he gave every evidence
of the ability and power upon which his present success is founded for besides
the honors above mentioned he was class orator in science, arts and law. His
recorfl in McGill University is very creditable and one of which he has every
reason to be i)roud, and its promise has been fully justified by his later accom-
plishments in the professional field. Mr. Cotton was called to the bar as advocate
in 1902 and immediately afterwards went abroad in order to get the advantages
of foreign travel and to supplement his excellent legal training by further study.
He attended lectures at the law schooPof the University of Montpelier in 1903,
thus completing an exhaustive and comprehensive legal education.

Mr. Cotton opened his first office in Sweetsburg, this province, practising
in partnershij) with J. C. McCorkill, and proving able, farsighted and discrimi-
nating in the discharge of his professional duties. From Sweetsburg he came
to Montreal, and he is today one (if the representative citizens of this community.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 93

prominent in his profession and a leading factor in the promotion of those jiro-
jects and measures which have for their object municipal growth, advancement
and ])rggress. The firm of Cotton & Westover is one of the strongest of its
kind in the city and connected through a wide and representative patronage with
a great deal of important litigation. Mr. Cotton is recognized as an able advo-
cate, possessed of a comprehensive knowledge of the law and a practical aiiility
in its a]iplication, and his developed powers and wide experience are bringing
him constantly increasing prominence in his chosen field.

Mr. Cotton is a member of the Anglican church and was formerly a captain
in the Fifteenth ShetTord Field Uattery. A strong liberal, he takes an intelligent
interest in public affairs, opposing ])olitical corruption wherever he finds it and
supporting by word and action pure and clean politics. Viewed from any .stand-
point his has been a useful and successful career, and the future undoubtedly
holds for him further honors and continued prosperity.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER HASTINGS.

William Alexander Hastings, for many years vice president and general
manager of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company, Ltd., and one of the best
known men in his line of business in Canada, was born at Petite Cote, March
6, 1852, a son of George and Margaret (Ogilvie) Hastings. George Hastings
came from Boston, Massachusetts, and located at Petite Cote where he was
engaged in farming.

William A. Hastings pursued his education in the schools of his native city
and began his business career as a clerk in the Exchange Bank. His progress
was rapid and he was promoted to manager of the Bedford (Quebec) branch,
and later manager of the Exeter branch. Subsequently he was appointed treas-
urer of the St. Joseph (Missouri) Gas Company, serving until 1882 when he
became identified with the milling business in which he achieved such notable
success. In that year, with his brother, George V. Hastings, he became asso-
ciated with the Ogilvie Company at Winnipeg, building and opening the flour
mills there with great success. In 1888 he severed his connection with the above
firm and became vice president and general manager of the Lake of the Woods.
Milling Company, filling this prominent and important position until his death,,
which occurred on May 23, 1903.

Mr. Hastings had thoroughly acquainted himself with the business in its.
different phases so that he was well qualified to assume the control of one of
the largest businesses of its kind in the Dominion, and to his rare judgment and
marked executive ability is credited, to no small extent, the high degree of pros-
perity enjoyed by the company whose aflfairs he so ably directed.

Robert Meighen, president of the Lake of the Woods Milling Company,
said that he had been associated with Mr. Hastings for thirteen years and that
any business which passed through his hands passed through the hands of God's
noblest work — an honest man. Others bore equally strong testimony as to his.
enterprise ami his thorough reliability. He never weighed an act in the scale

94 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

cf public policy but always measured his deeds by the standard of upright
principle.

In 1884 Mr. Hastings was united in marriage to Miss Georgina Roy Ure,
daughter of the late George P. Ure, and they became the parents of the following
children: Margaret Ogilvie, who died in infancy; William Roy, of Montreal;
and John Ogilvie, of Montreal.

Mr. Hastings was lacking in none of the qualities which make for upright
manhood and progressive citizenship, and his cooperation with any movement
or plan largely insured the successful outcome of the same. In 1890 he became
a member of the Corn Exchange and in 1893 was elected a member of the com-
mittee of management, in which office he continued until 1898, serving for the
last three years of that period as treasurer. Throughout his entire life Canada
numbered him among her best citizens and the record which he made reflected
credit upon the Dominion, constituting a factor in its material development.

ROBERT DENNISON MARTIN.

One of the best known men in the grain trade in Canada and one whose
untimely death cut short a business career that had been highly successful and
was full of greater possibilities for the future was Robert Dennison Martin,
who was born at Selby, Ontario, October 18, 1854, a son of William and Eliza-
beth (Thompson) Martin. The father was a farmer and the boyhood of Robert
Dennison Martin was spent in the manner of a farmer's son of that locality
and period. His education, acquired at the place of his nativity, was somewhat
limited. He remained in the district in which he was born until after attaining
his majority. Hearing of the possibilities of the western country, he went to
Manitoba and near Deloraine he secured a homestead which he developed and
improved. As he managed to gather together a little capital, he turned his atten-
tion to merchandising, becoming a member of the hardware firm of Faulkner
& Martin at Deloraine, an association which continued for a number of years
after his removal to Montreal. It was at Deloraine that he first became con-
nected with the grain business in which he was destined to win notable success.
In the buying of grain he became associated with Alfred P. Stuart under the
firm name of The R. D. Martin Company, a partnership that continued until
the death of Mr. Martin.

After a few years residence in Winnipeg Mr. Martin came to Montreal in
1899, and with the exception of a year spent in Napanee and a year in King-
ston, Montreal was his place of residence throughout the remainder of his life.
The business of The R. D. Martin Company enjoyed a steady and prosi>crous
growth and to its development Mr. Martin devoted his entire attention and rare
ability. Since his demise the business has been continued under the name of
the British Empire Grain Company, Limited. Mr. Martin suft"ered from ill
health for several years prior to his demise which occurred at his beautiful new
home at No. i Murray avenue, Westmount, which was completed only a few
weeks prior to his demise, which occurred on the 28th of June, 1905.

I

ROBERT D. MARTIN

HISTORY OF MONTREAL !}7

It was on the i8th of May, 1894, at Winnipeg, that Mr. Martin was united
in marriage to Miss Helen Moncrieff Morton, who was born in Perth, Scotland,
a daughter of Duncan and Jessie (Watson) Morton. The father died when
Mrs. Martin was but two years of age and her mother survived until a few
years ago. Mrs. Martin came to Canada in 1892 and resided in Winnipeg
previous to her marriage, a brother having preceded her to that place. She is
one of five children born to her parents, four of whom survive, as follows :
Jessie, the wife of George Banks of Perth, Scotland ; Duncan, residing in
Winnipeg; Helen M., who is Mrs. R. D. Martin; and Madeline, the wife of
Andrew C. Craig of Winnipeg. To Mr. and Mrs. Martin were born five chil-
dren: Charles Stuart, a student in McG'ill University; and Helen Elizabeth,
Edith Laura, Jessie Watson and Robert Henry, all at home.

Mr. Martin was quiet and domestic in his tastes and habits. He held mem-
bership in only one club, the Canada Club, and did not enter actively into its
affairs. He was very fond of his family and found his chief delight in the
home circle, being a loving and kind husband and father. As a business man
he was alert and energetic, ready for any emergency and he seemed to pass
by no opportunity that pointed to honorable success. Contemporaries and col-
leagues had the highest respect for him and more than that, he gained the
warm friendship and esteem of a large majority of his acquaintances. Although
a later arrival in Montreal than many of his business associates, he gained
prominence among them and attained an enviable position in the business world.
He was a member of the Board of Trade and his opinions carried weight among
its representatives and in other connections which had to do with the city's wel-
fare. He was truly Canadian in spirit and interests and his devotion to the
public good was one of his notable traits of character.

J. LOUIS A. GUIMOND.

J. Louis A. Guimond. a notary pul)lic practicing in Montreal and interested in
business enterprises which connect him with activity in the real-estate field, was
born in the town of Beauharnois, in the province of Quebec on the 14th of
February, 1877. His father was Cyrille Guimond, a merchant and manufac-
turer, who married Justine Dubreuil of Pointe-aux-Trembles. In the pursuit
of his education he attended the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe and was graduated
in letters with the class of 1896, while his scientific course was pursued in College
St. Laurent, from which he graduated in 1898. He has since been an active
representative of the notarial profession in which connection he has secured a
large clientage that makes his practice a profitable one. His life has been one of
intense and intelligently directed activity and aside from his professional duties
he is acting as a director and is a shareholder in a real-estate company. He is
likewise secretary-treasurer of two municipalities and thus takes a helpful interest
in public afi^airs as well as in the conduct of private business interests.

On the 24th of May, 1909, at Iberville, P. Q., Mr. Guimond was married to
Miss Marie Louise Gayette. a daughter of Calixte Gayette. Their children are
Paul and Ives Guimond. The reliErious faith of the familv is that of the Catholic

98 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

church and in politics Mr. Guimond is a liberal-nationalist. He is energetic,
accomplished and successful and by the consensus of public opinion he is ranked
with the representative men of Montreal. He comes of an old and respected
line of ancestors who settled in the province of Quebec in the seventeenth century.
Since that day they have not only been active and progressive in business, but
loyal in citizenship. Mr. Guimond's lines of life have been cast in harmony with
the record of an honored ancestry and his forbears have been no more loyal to
city, province and country than he.

ROBERT H. BARRON.

A man who has founded success in the legal profession upon ability, compre-
hensive knowledge, long experience and untiring industry, is Robert H. Barron,
since 1895 in active and successful practice as a notary in Montreal. He has made
continued and rapid progress iit his chosen field of labor, each year bringing him
to a point in advance of the previous one, and today the firm of Barron & Gushing,
of which he is the senior member, is one of the most reliable of its kind in the
city.

Mr. Barron was graduated B. A. from McGill University in J892 and acquired
his professional training in the same institution, completing the law course in
1895. In October of that year he began practice in Montreal, being taken into
partnership by Mr. Charles Gushing and Mr. Robert A. Dunton ; this association
continued until 1900, and Mr. Barron then continued in partnership under the
firm name of Gushing & Barron until the death of Mr. Gushing in September,
19 10. Mr. Barron then practiced alone for about one year, when he associated
himself with Dougall Gushing, his present partner and a son of his former part-
ner. Barron & Gushing control a large and constantly growing business, and the
firm is known to be strong and reliable. Mr. Barron is held in high honor in
professional circles of Montreal, and his prominence stands upon the substantial
foundation of ability and merit.

ARTHUR DELISLE, 0. G.

The legal fraternity of Montreal finds an able representative in Arthur Delisle,
who not only has achieved favorable reputation in a private capacity but has
ably represented the district of Portneuf in the provincial parliament. Gapable,
earnest and conscientious, he has been connected with important litigation before
the local courts and his clientele is representative. He comes of an old and dis-
tinguished family whose ancestors came from France in the year 1669, on the
15th of October of which year arrived in Quebec Louis de I'lsle, of Dompierre,
of the bishopric Rouen, accompanied by his young wife, Louise des Granges, of
St. Brice of Paris, settlement being made at Pointe aux Trembles, of Quebec.

Arthur Delisle was born at Portneuf and is the son of Jean and Anathalie
(Frenette) Delisle. In the acquirement of his education he attended I. aval

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 99

Normal School Seminary of Ouel)ec and La\al University of that city, taking
his degree of Master in Law (cum laudc) on the 23d of December, 1882. After
locating for practice in Montreal important Inisiness came to him and as the
years have passed he has become known as one of the most able men in his pro-
fession in the city. He has ever)' faculty of which a lawyer may be proud, unusual
familiarity with human nature and untiring industry making him one of the most
forceful members of the bar. He was appointed queen's counsel in 1898.

On April 22, 1890, at Quebec, Mr. Delisle was united in marriage to Blanche
Hudon, a daughter of Theophile Hudon, a prominent merchant of Quebec. They
have two children, Marguerite and Gaston. While attending the Laval Normal
School Mr. Delisle received the usual course of military training under the sujier-
vision of the high officers at the citadel of Quebec, receiving such instruction there
in the years 1876 and 1S77. This experience has been of great benefit to him
as it infused into the young man the lasting benefits of military exactness and
punctuality. From 1891 until 1896 he represented the district of Portneuf in
the house of commons, retiring in the latter year in order to give his seat to Sir
Henry Joly de Lotbiniere. Public-spirited and progressive, Mr. Delisle takes
an active interest in the progress his city is making as one of the great metropoli-
tan centers of North America and is ever willing and ready to support worthy
enterprises projected for general improvement and growth.

DAVID GREENE, M. D.

In the death of Dr. David Greene, Montreal was forced to record the loss
of a most capable member of the medical profession. He added to broad scien-
tific knowdedge and thorough training a deep human sympathy combined w^ith an
almost intuitive understanding of his fellowmen. ^Moreover he recognized to
the fullest extent the weight of responsibility and obligations resting upon him,
and his fidelity to duty became one of his strongest characteristics. A native
of Ballyshannon. in the north of Ireland, he died on the 21st of March, 1891,
at Montreal. Quebec. He prepared for college at the Royal School of Portoria,
Enniskillen, and was graduated from Trinity College at Dublin. He became a
licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland and from 1858 until 1864
practiced in the north of Ireland. It was in his native town of Ballyshannon
that Dr. Greene wedded Miss Ellen Green, who with a son and several daughters
sunive him. But one of the children was born on the Emerald isle and with
this daughter Dr. and Mrs. Greene came to the new world in 1866, making their
way to Montreal, Canada. For a time Dr. Greene was actively engaged in prac-
tice in this city and then removed to Granby, where he practiced for many years,
but afterward returned to Montreal. His intellectual powers were marked and his
scholastic and literary attainments were of a high order. It was a liberal education
in itself to know him well and profit by his wonderful store of knowdedge, which
he unconsciously imparted to his close friends in conversation that was brilliant
and fascinating. His associates recognized that his comradeship meant expansion
and elevation. Being endowed with a warm heart and splendid mental gifts, he
left the impress of his individuality upon those with whom he was brought into

100 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

close and intimate relations. While he took high rank in his profession, his
attainments were varied and brought him fame in other connections. He was
a devout member of the English church, and his influence was always on the side
of right, progress, truth and reform.

The surviving children of Dr. and Mrs. Greene are: Alice, Maud, Gertrude,
\"ida, Geraldine, and Whately Stokes. The last named pursued his education
in the schools of Montreal and in March, 1898, made his initial step in connection
with the banking business as an employe in the old Ontario Bank, with which
he was connected for eight years. Through the past seven years he has been
with the Royal Bank of Canada, and is now manager of the Laurier Avenue
branch at the corner of Park avenue and Laurier avenue West. Mr. Greene
married Miss Gertrude Anne Sheppard, only daughter of the late Charles Stanley
Sheppard, and they have one daughter, Lorna Gertrude. Mr. Greene has made
for himself a creditable place in financial circles as did his father in the field of
professional service, and the name has long been an honored one in Montreal.

GEORGES GOXTHIER.

In financial circles in Alontreal we have to mention Mr. Georges Gonthier
as one of the most familiar figures. A member of the well known firm of St.
Cyr, Gonthier & Frigon and a public accountant of some standing and repute,
he has nevertheless found time to promote many measures of great commercial
and public utility, and to prepare the way for the foundation of one of our
most important institutions (L'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales).

Mr. Gonthier was bom in Montreal in November, 1869. After a period of
arduous study and preparation he entered upon his business activities in 1890.
and since that time has advanced steadily in his profession winning the good-
will and esteem of everyone, so that we now see him occupying such positions
of trust and public confidence as that of treasurer and director of the Chamber
of Commerce and president of the Institute of Accountants and Auditors of
the Province of Quebec. In fact, it was Mr. Gonthier himself who was chiefly
instrumental in bringing about the establishment of the last mentioned institute,
and he played no small part in its subsequent organization, for which his wide
business experience and knowledge coupled with what we might term an unri-
valled commercial sagacity, especially fitted him.

He was moreover one of the founders with the late Mr. Poindron of the
Canado-French Trade' Development Committee, since merged into the Coniitc
France-.\mcrique under the presidency in Canada of the Hon. Raoul Dandurand.

Nor are Mr. Gonthicr's activities limited to the field of practical achieve-
ment. He has entered the lists as a public lecturer on financial and accounting
subjects where he has won for himself considerable renown. In i)articular his
essay on "Bonds as an Investment'' has been highly praised and was even pub-
lished in the financial journals at Paris. It is not surprising therefore tlvit he
has considerable influence in Belgium and in France.

GKORGES GONTHIER

HISTORY OF MONTREAL ' 103

It would be superfluous to add anything- further to demonstrate the sterling
qualities and well deserved reputation of Mr. Gonthier. It may, however, be
interesting to accountants and auditors in general to know that it was mainly
through his efforts that the law was passed to render compulsory the keeping
of proper accounts to all who engage in business.

HUNTLY WARD DAMS.

Huntly Ward Davis, member of the firm of Hogle & Davis, architects, was
born in Montreal, October 22, 1875, a son of M. and Lucy (Ward) Davis, the
latter a daughter of Hon. J. K. Ward, M. L. C. Huntly Ward Davis attended
Eliock school at Montreal and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from
which he was graduated as Bachelor of Science in June, 1898. He prepared
for and has always followed the profession of architect, working in early man-
hood under A. T. Taylor, who became senior partner of the firm of Taylor,
Hogle & Davis, but has since withdrawn, leaving the firm Hogle & Davis. l\Ir.
Davis is a conservative, and his membership relations are with St. James Club
and with the Church of St. James the Apostle. On the 26th of October, 1910,
in Montreal, he was married to Evelyn St. Claire Stanley Bagg. daughter of
the late Robert -Stanley and Clara (Smithers) Bagg. and they have a daughter,
Evelyn Clare Ward Davis.

FRANCOIS XAYIER ROY.

This is an age of specialization. It is the unusual rather than the usual
thing for any man to attempt to gain proficiency in the various departments of
the law ; on the contrary he usually concentrates his efforts upon a single branch
of jurisprudence, with the result that he reaches a position which otherwise he
could not hope to gain. Following this general course, Francois X. Roy has
devoted his attention to commercial law, in which connection he has a large and
distinctively representative clientage. He has been a lifelong resident of the
province of Quebec, his birth having occurred on the 13th of August, 1863.
His educational training was received at the College of Nicolet and in Laval
University. He also spent a year in special study at Sherbrooke in 1886, was
for a year under the direction of the law faculty at Bishop's College, and then
passed the usual examinations that secured his admission to the bar.

Choosing Montreal as the seat of his labors, Mr. Roy here began practice
in association with the late Hon. C. A. Geoffrion, and later w^as with D. R.
Murphy, K. C. He had become so well established in practice as a successful
commercial lawyer that in igog he was created king's counsel. He has become
a recognized authority in the department of law in which he has chosen to
specialize, and as such is called to all parts of the province, his opinions being
largely received as authority upon points of commercial law. He is now attor-
ney for the Williams Manufacturing Company, Henon-LeBlanc, Ltd., and sev-

104 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

eral other commercial firms of [Montreal. He readily grasps the relation of
cause and effect, and in the preparation of his cases his analytical power is
strongly manifest. In presenting a cause before the courts he is logical, and his
deductions follow in orderly sequence.

Mr. Roy is a liberal in politics and in all his political interests is actuated
by a spirit of progressiveness as affecting both provincial and Dominion affairs.
He has ever stood for improvement, reform and advancement, and for many
years has held the office of treasurer of the Reform Club. Aside from this he
is a member of Le Club Canadien, L'Alliance Nationale, L'AUiance Francaise,
La Societe St. Jean Baptiste and other societies. He stands as a high type of
the French element in the citizenship of Montreal, combining with the admir-
able and strongly marked characteristics of a French ancestry the progressive
spirit of the modern age, a spirit which falters not in the accomplishment of a
task until success is achieved.

NAPOLEON URGEL LACASSE.

Napoleon Urgel Lacasse, attorney at law practicing in Montreal as a mem-
ber of the well known firm of Bastien, Bergeron, Cousineau, Lacasse & Jasmin,
was born at St. Vincent de Paul, in the county of Laval, P. Q., July ii, 1877.
In the early records of the French families it is found that there are several
variations to the family name which appears also as Casse, Casse and Du
Tertre. Angelique Lacasse was born in 171 5 and died at Beaumont, August 22,
1738. Antoine Lacasse, who was born in 1706, married Marguerite Sionnaux
and died November 27, 1778. The parents of Napoleon Urgel Lacasse were
Zephirin and Rose Delima (Fortier) Lacasse. Under the parental roof he
spent his boyhood days while studying in St. Mary's College and Laval Uni-
versity of Montreal, wanning his Bachelor of Arts degree on the 13th of June,
1898, and that of Bachelor of Laws on the 21st of June, 1901. P'ollowing his
graduation he entered immediately upon the active practice of his profession
and was alone therein until the ist of July, 1912, when he entered into his
present partnership relations. He is recognized as one of the strong and able
members of the bar among the younger practitioners, and his experience and
study are continually promoting his knowledge and ability. Aside from his
profession he is financially interested in several joint stock companies and has
extensive real-estate investments.

Mr. Lacasse has been married twice, on the 28th of September, 1903, to
Eugenie Barbeau and on the 31st of March, 1913, to Miss Yvonne Barbeau,
daughter of the late Godfrey Barbeau, a merchant of Ste. Genevieve count}-.
P. Q. The four children of Mr. Lacasse are: Jean Frani;ois Bernard, Jacques
\'incent I'errier, Josephine Helonc Marcellc and Suzanne Andrcc \"ictoire. The
religious faith of the family is that of the Cathcilio church, 'i'he mihlary experi-
ence of Mr. Lacasse covers more tiian three years' service as commanding officer
of St. Mary's College Cadets from i8(/> until 1898 inclusively. He was one of
the winners in the cadets contest in 1893 for the Duke of Connauglit prize,
also in 1894 and 1895.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 105

In politics he is a conservative and has made puhhc battles for his prin-
ciples in elections in the counties of Terrebonne, Jacques Cartier, Laval and
Yamaska. However, the practice of law he considers his real life work, regard-
ing it as abundantly worthy of his best efforts, and in his chosen profession he
has made continuous and gratifying progress.

FRANK BULLER, M. D., C. M.

Dr. Frank Duller was one of the most celebrated opthalmologists of the new
world, occupying, as practitioner and educator, a position in which he had few
peers. His scientific research and his broad reading gave him a knowledge far
superior to that of many able members of the profession, and in the wise utiliza-
tion of his time and talents he made valuable contributions to the world's work.

Dr. Duller was born at Campbellford, Ontario, May 4, 1844, a son of Charles
G. and Frances Elizabeth (Doucher) Duller, of Hillside, Campbellford. After
attending the high school at Peterboro, from which he graduated in due time,
he took up the study of medicine in \'ictoria College at Cobourg, completing his
course with the class of 1869. He then went to Germany, where he spent
two years in the study of the eye, ear, nose and throat, acquainting himself with
the advanced methods of eminent men in the profession. \Vhile at the University
of Berlin he received close personal instruction from \'on Helmholtz and \'on
Graefe, and, during the Franco-German war, served as assistant surgeon in a
number of military hospitals of northern Germany. In 1872 Dr. Duller went
to London and studied for some years in "Moorfields" — the Royal London
Ophthalmic Hospital. He was for two years chief house surgeon of this hos-
pital, and he introduced to London the '"direct"' method of opthalmoscopy. In
England he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons. Dr. Duller
began practice in Montreal in 1876 and rapidly advanced to a foremost position
in his profession. For seventeen years he was the opthalmic and aural surgeon
in the Montreal General Hospital and resigned to take the same position in the
Royal \'ictoria Hospital. He was the first opthalmologist to be appointed to the
General Hospital — and so remarkably recent is the development of opthalmology
in the new world that, prior to that time, every physician and surgeon treated his
eye cases in his own clinic. For many years Dr. Duller was professor of ophthal-
mology and otology in McGill University, being appointed professor when the
chair was foujided in 1883. He was equally able in his large private practice
and enjoyed an ever widening reputation. Dr. Duller received the English degree
of M. R. C. S.

Dr. Duller was a powerfully built man. restless and very energetic. His
students used to say of him, '"Duller is a great teacher, but he wears us out."
He was forever engaged in arduous mental work but also took keen interest in
matters outside of his profession. He was frank, straightforward and kind —
a strong generous nature.

Dr. Duller married Elizabeth Belton Langlois, of Quebec, who died Novem-
ber 20. 1895. By this marriage there were two children, Marguerite and Cecil.

106 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In 1898 he married Miss Jean Brien, of New York, and they had three children,
Francis, Audrey and James, the latter dying in 1909.

Dr. Buller was a member of the Church of England. He died October 11,
1905. He was followed to the grave by the entire medical profession of Montreal
and numerous physicians from a distance. Also many of the city's poor were
present at the obsequies — a fact which, had he been able to know it, would have
touched that great heart which had so keenly felt their sorrows.

A colleague of Dr. Buller writes as follows: "In very delicate cases, where
he feared to trust patients in the hands of untrained attendants, and they were
too poor to hire professional nurses, he has been known to stay with the patients
all night, after an operation, and attend to the dressing himself, lest the eye, so
tender and in such a precarious condition, might suffer needless pain or be injured
through a slight mistake."

"Dr. Buller will be especially remembered because of three inventions: (i)
the Buller eye-shield (composed of a watch-crystal and strips of sticking-plaster
and oftenest employed to protect an unaffected eye when its fellow is afflicted
with gonorrheal infection). (2) Temporary tying of the cacalieuli for the pre-
vention of wound infection in operations on the eye-ball. (3) The Buller trial
frame. Yet his inventions and investigations were very numerous and, for the
most part, successful in every way. Thus, concerning his investigation into
"Methyl Alcohol Blindness," conducted jointly with Dr. Cas^y A. Wood, De
Schweintz declares the work to be 'by far the most important contribution to the
subject and one to which too high praise cannot be given.' " Scientists, members
of the profession and all mankind delighted to honor him because of what he
had accomplished. High above any desire for pecuniary reward was his deep
interest in humanity and an earnest purpose to make his life a serviceable one
to his fellowmen.

WILLIAM WATSON OGILVIE.

Foremost among those men whose life's record seems an inseparable part
of Canada's industrial and commercial growth during the period of their
activities, is that of William Watson Ogilvie, whose identification with the
milling business covered a period of nearly a half century. The position of
Mr. Ogilvie in this important industry was unquestionably at the head. He did
more to develop it than any other man before or since his time, and the great
success he achieved was fully merited.

William W. Ogilvie was born at Cote St. Michel, Montreal, February 14,
1835, of Scotch ancestry, and belonged to the Banffshire family of that name.
He received his education in Montreal schools, and in entering on a business
career chose that which was his by inheritance, the milling business.

His grandfather, Alexander, erected in 1801, a mill at Jacques Cartier, near
Quebec, where was ground the first flour under British rule that was ever
exported to Europe. This old mill was really the foundation of the immense
business that was built up by W. \V. Ogilvie. In i860 he entered into partner-
ship with his brothers, .Mexandcr ;infl John, grain merchants and proprietors

WILLIAM W. 0(aL\lE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 109

of a mill at Lachine Rapids. The growth of the business was soon responsible
for the building of the Cjlenora i'^lour Mills on the Lachine canal. The busi-
ness continued to grow, and the Ugilvies erected mills at Goderich and Sea-
forth, Ontario and Winnipeg, Manitoba; and later, the Royal Mills at Montreal.
The three brothers operated together until 1874, when the elder brother retired,
and on the death of his brother, John, in 1888 the entire business management
devolved upon William W. Ogilvie, whose well developed powers were entirely
adequate to the demands made ui)on him in the further control and manage-
ment of this extensive enterprise, of which he became the head. Li addition
to the properties mentioned, Mr. W. W. Ogilvie afterward purchased the
City Mills, Montreal, and at the time of his death had accepted plans for a very
large mill at P'ort William. Some years previous to his demise to facilitate
the administration of his western business, the Ogilvie Milling Company of
Winnipeg was formed in which Mr. Ogilvie was the dominant factor. The
Ogilvie Flour Mills Company, of the present, was organized in 1903 and is
practically the successor of the Ogilvie Milling Company and various other
interests in this line, belonging to Mr. Ogilvie's estate.

Mr. Ogilvie and his brother John were the pioneer wheat buyers in ^Lani-
toba. He had traveled through Canada's present wheat fields years before
they were cultivated and many times afterwards. From the first small ship-
ment of five hundred bushels from ^^lanitoba in 1876, the shipments, in Mr. Ogil-
vie's lifetime, to his own mills increased until they reached the enormous total
of eight million bushels of No. i hard wheat, all purchased by his own expert
buyers from the farmers, at his seventy elevators, extending all over the wheat
section of Ontario and the northwest.

In the maiuifacture of flour Mr. Ogilvie spent a lifetime and spared neither
time, labor or expense in bringing his product to the very acme of perfection.
By steady industry and indomitable energy and most of all the superior quality
of his products, upheld at all cost, the business grew until it not only became the
largest of its kind in the Dominion, but the most extensive flour business in
the world controlled by one man.

Mr. Ogilvie was the first to introduce into Canada the patent process of
grinding by rollers. In 1868, he visited Hungary where this system originated,
for the purpose of investigating it. He saw at once its value and adopted it.
He invented improved machinery used in the milling business, and was always
ready to adopt the improvements of others that were practical.

It was said that he had better knowledge of wheat and wheat lands than
any man in Canada. His business furnished a market for wheat growers
and proved a stimulating influence in the agricultural development of the great
wheat-raising section of middle and western Canada. His labors were directly
responsible for much of the growth, progress and prosperity of Manitoba and the
provinces farther west, and his worth as a business man and citizen was acknowl-
edged by all.

Mr. Ogilvie's identification with commercial interests was large and diver-
sified. He was a director of the Bank of .IVIontreal ; the Montreal Transporta-
tion Company; the North British and Mercantile Insurance Company; the Old
Dominion Board of Trade; and the Sailors Institute. He was president of the
Corn Exchange Association ; St. Andrew's Society ; and the Montreal Horticul-

110 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

tural Society; governor of the Montreal General and the Royal Victoria Hospi-
tals; president of the Manufacturers' Association, and served as a member of
the Harbor Board.

In regard to agricultural and horticultural interests he manifested an interest
and enthusiasm that were contagious, his efiforts constituting an example that
many others followed. He served both on the council and board of arbitration
of the Montreal Board of Trade and was president of that body in 1893-4. In
matters of citizenship he was extremely public-spirited and what he accom-
plished represented the fit utilization of his innate talents and powers. His
political belief is indicated in the fact that in 1896 he was president of the
Liberal Conservative Club of Montreal. He was a forceful speaker in both
French and English and frequently, in his earlier days, addressed public meet-
ings during political campaigns.

As a young man he served as lieutenant and subsequently as a captain in
the Montreal Cavalry under his brother, being thanked in brigade orders by
Colonel Pakenham in 1866.

He was one of the prominent members of St. Andrew's church. Mr. Ogilvie
always gave with a free hand toward various public institutions, and there was
no movement of importance to which he did not contribute. His benefactions
were liberal, varied and by no means local. He gave thirteen thousand dollars,
towards making up a deficit for completion of the Jubilee wing of the Win-
nipeg General Hospital. He was one of the first to subscribe' to the patriotic
fund for the families of those who went with the Canadian contingent to the
Transvaal war. Mr. Ogilvie was a man of great business capacity and to a
most remarkable extent maintained a personal knowledge of his diversified
interests.

His death on January 12, 1900, was very sudden. He had been at his office
attending to business as usual, after which he attended a directors' meeting of
the Bank of ^Montreal. On his way home he was taken ill and passed away
soon after reaching there.

Many of the leading mercantile houses and public offices flew their flags
at half mast through respect for him. The Montreal Gazette at time of his
death, said on January 13, 1900, editorially:

"It is long since any event caused such a painful shock in ^Montreal as did
the death yesterday of W. W. Ogilvie. Strong in body, clear in mind, actively
interested in the details of great concerns, he was one of the last whose taking
away would be thought of. His loss will be felt the more because of its sud-
denness and it is a great loss to the city's commercial life. Mr. Ogilvie's
business intelligence and energy long ago raised him to a place not among
Canada's alone, but among the world's great merchants.

"It was a just pride that he felt in directing the greatest milling interest in
the world under one man's control ; and the pride was more than personal. He
early saw what the northwest meant to Canada, lioth commcrciallv and nation-
ally, and it was a pleasure to him to feel that as his business spread it was mak-
ing known the resources of the country, in all of whose affairs he took the
deepest interest.

"The success that he gained in his own business caused his counsel to be
sought in the direction of other great enterprises. He was a director in the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 111

country's greatest financial corporation, and in other institutions in which he
had investments. On the Corn Exchange and on the Board of Trade, his was
an influential voice, and it was always raised in behalf of that which was best
and broadest.

"He knew how to give generously to a good cause. He earned the respect
of all who were brought into contact with him and especially that of the hun-
dreds of men who served him in the enterprise of which his was the directing
brain.

"It was a big place that he won through his heart as well as by his head
and it will be long ere there will be found another capable of filling it."

Mr. Ogilvie was survived by his widow and four children, three sons and a
daughter, Albert Edward, William Watson (died 1906), Gavin Lang and Alice
Helen. Mrs. Ogilvie previous to her marriage in 1871, was Helen, a daughter
of Joseph Johnston of Paisley, Scotland.

R. A. BALDWIN HART.

R. A. Baldwin Hart, prominent as a representative of one of the old families
of Montreal, manager-executor of the Theodore Hart estate, and a public-spirited
citizen, was born in Montreal, December 5, 1852, a son of Theodore Hart. For
a long period the family had been represented in this city, the name figuring
prominently in connection with its history. His education was acquired in the
schools of Montreal and his life was spent in his native city.

In 1900 in Montreal Mr. Hart was united in marriage to Miss Mary Isabella
Owen, who survives him, the death of Mr. Hart having occurred on the nth of
September, 1903, when he v\'as yet in the prime of life. He was very fond of
outdoor sports. He was a wide reader and kept abreast with the events of the
day and the progress of the times. Charitable and kindly in spirit, he listened
attentively and sympathetically to a tale of sorrow or distress and no worthy
object failed to receive substantial assistance from him. Civic affairs were a mat-
ter of interest to him and he supported movements which he deemed of benefit
to Montreal. His was indeed a well rounded character in which the varied
important interests of life received due consideration and he stood as a high type
of Canadian manhood and citizenship.

ALAN JUDAH HART.

Alan Judah Hart, founder of the Hart Manufacturing Company, of Mon-
treal, is a descendant of one of the oldest English speaking families of Canada,
the ancestry being traced back to one who came from New York with General
Amherst in 1759. For many generations the family was represented at Three
Rivers, Canada. Lewis A. Hart, father of Alan J. Hart, has for forty years
or more been a notary in Montreal. He was liorn at Three Rivers and was edu-
cated in Montreal, supplementing his preliminary studies by advanced courses

112 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

which won him the degrees of Master of Arts and Bachelor of Civil Law. He
married Fanny Elizabeth Benjamin and they became the parents of four sons
and four daughters: Claude Benjamin, a commission merchant; Arthur Dauiei.
a manufacturer's agent; Philip Beyfus, a commercial traveler; Alan judah;
Ethel Muriel ; Mabel Ruth ; Gladys Judith ; and Dorothy Marguerite.

Alan Judah Hart was born in Montreal, October 4, 1879. He was educated
in Montreal and for some years was employed by E. A. Small & Company, manu-
facturers of men's clothing, and later was with A. H. Sims & Company, manu-
facturers of ladies' clothing, acting as superintendent of the house for three )ears.
In 1902 he established the Hart Manufacturing Company for the purpose of
manufacturing ladies' tailor-made suits and cloaks and in the conduct of this
business he has been very successful. Mr. Hart is a director of H. \'ineberg
& Company, Limited, manufacturers of the Progress Brand clothing and has
become widely and favorably known in commercial circles.

Mr. Hart married Miss Eva Vineberg, a daughter of Harris Yineberg, and
they have a family of five children : Edward Henry, Gordon David, Lawrence
Ezra, Alma Ruth and \'era Esther.

Mr. Hart is a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital and a director
of Mount Sinai Sanitarium at Ste. Agathe. He was likewise a member of the
e.xecutive board of the Canadian Manufacturers Association, serving in that
capacity in 1912 and 1913, and he is a member of the Montreal Board of Trade
and of the Royal Arcanum. His interests and activities are varied and important,
winning him recognition of his worth in both commercial circles and in public
life.

HON. LOUIS JOSEPH FORGET.

Hon. Louis Joseph Forget, whose name is written large on the pages of finan-
cial and industrial history of Montreal during the past forty years, left the impress
of his great constructive force and energy upon mammoth projects which are
figured as some of the Dominion's leading enterprises. He was born March
II, 1853, at Terrebonne, P. Q., a district that has produced many eminent states-
men, writers, merchants and financiers. He was one of the nine sons of Mr.
and Mrs. Joseph Forget and was descended from a family that came to Canada
from Normandy in 1600. Among those nine sons there were two priests, one
of whom declined episcopal robes, a notary,, two lawyers, two contractors, one
farmer and he who was destined to become a power in the financial world,
Louis Josei)h Forget. His education was acquired at Masson College and his
entrance into business circles was in connection with a dry-goods establishment.
He had almost reached the determination of trying his fortune in the I'nited
States when he chanced upon a newspaper that contained an advertisement of
office help being needed by Thomas Caverhill. Mr. Forget ai)i)lie(l for the posi-
tion the next morning and was accepted. From the beginning of his work with
Mr. Caverhill the young man displayed unusual aptness as well as great eager-
ness to learn. He was not an ordinary boy. He took great interest in his work
and often asked questions about other features of the business that did not

ii(i\. L(U IS .1. F()K(;i:t

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 115

come within his particular line of duties, but a knowledge thereof added to his
capability and rendered him fit for promotion and ojiportunity offered later.
It is only natural that a young man of this character should attract the atten-
tion of his employer. Mr. Caverhill took great interest in him and was instru-
mental in causing Mr. Forget to enter the brokerage business. The financial
exploit during Jay Gould's celebrated Black Friday in Wall street reflected no
little credit upon Mr. Forget, displaying in notable manner his insight and
ability, and soon afterward he was nominated for membership in the Montreal
Stock Exchange by his former employer. It is interesting in this connection to
note that he was the first French-Canadian to be admitted to membership in
that body and that before he had reached his majority he purchased his seat
therein at a cost of nine hundred dollars. He began business as a stock broker
in Montreal in 1873, from which time until his death, thirty-eight years later,
his prominence and success in the investment security business were not over-
shadowed by that of his contemporaries. He founded the financial house of
L. j. Forget & Companj-, one of the foremost in its line in Montreal and
remained its head during his life time. The Paris branch of L. J. Forget &
Company at 7 Rue Auber, was the first to be established in continental Europe
by a Canadian financial house and readily secured a clientele that materially
broadened the operations of the firm.

Senator Forget was elected president of the Montreal Stock Exchange in
1895 to succeed H. S. Macdougall and in May, 1896, was reelected. His busi-
ness and financial connections had been constantly broadening and had long
since included a prominent identification with the foremost financial and indus-
trial projects of the time. In 1892 he became president of what was then the
Montreal City Passenger Railway Company, now the Montreal Tramways Com-
pany. He remained its directing head until 191 1, in which connection he accom-
plished what has meant much to Montreal. To no one man is the city indebted
as largely for the upbuilding and development of its transportation system as to
Senator Forget. Under his regime the motive power was changed from horses
to electricity and the market value of the company's stock advanced from around
one hundred dollars to three hundred and thirty-seven dollars and a half per
share.

In 1895 Senator Forget became president of the Richelieu & Ontario Navi-
gation Company. At that time the affairs of the company were far from being
on a dividend-paying basis and the rehabilitation of its interests was but another
illustration of Senator Forget's constructive genius. He resigned his position
as head of the com])any in 1905, but in the meantime the stock was paying a
six per cent dividend and the affairs of the company generally were in a better
condition than ever before.

One of the great achievements of Senator Forget was in carrying through
the merger of the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company and in doing so he
accomplished what many predicted to be utterly impossible, saying that nothing
but failure and financial disaster could result. This was in 1900 before the
days when big business interests were merged into mammoth enterprises and
the amount involved, seventeen million dollars, seemed to stagger even the most
progressive element in financial circles. Like all of his undertakings, ]\Ir. For-
get had not entered into this without due consideration and he had implicit con-

116 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

fidence in its success. It is doubtful if any but he could have swung that deal
and how well he succeeded is best indicated in the value of the securities of
the company in investment circles.

He was a prominent figure in the notable contest which took place between
the Dominion Coal Company and the Dominion Iron & Steel Company. Origi-
nally a director and vice president of the coal company he espoused the cause of
the steel company in its fight o\er the coal supply and ultimately the matter was
carried to the privy council and was there decided in favor of the steel company.
Mr. Forget was elected vice president of the steel corporation when eventually
the two companies were merged and he continued to take an active part in the
administration of the affairs of the company to the time when his health began
to fail. Evidence of his wonderful insight and sagacity in business matters is
shown in the fact that when the trouble first arose from which resulted the
extended litigation between the Dominion Iron & Steel Companv and the
Dominion Coal Company Senator Forget went over the point in contention in
his characteristic deliberate manner and at once concluded that the claim of the
steel corporation would be sustained by the courts, notwithstanding the contrary
opinion of some of the greatest legal authorities and business men of the day
and time proved that his judgment was correct.

He was the first French-Canadian to be elected to the directorate of the
Canadian Pacific Railway and was a member of its board at the time of his
death. His greatest enthusiam was aroused while viewing the untold resources
of the west during the many times he accompanied Sir Thomas Shaughnessy
and R. B. Angus on their annual tours of inspection. When the life work of
Senator Forget was ended the Montreal Daily Star said in part : "By the death
of Senator Forget a man of affairs has been lost to Canada. A man of wide
vision who saw far into the future and who modeled his career accordingly. A
glance through the financial district at the half-masted flags at once conveys an
idea of the number and the prominence of the institutions that Senator Forget
had been interested in. Senator Forget stood out in Canadian finance, but
more than that, he was a true Canadian citizen and had done his share towards
the public weal, forgetting not his duty towards the state in the midst of tre-
mendous private enterprises. He was a man of sympathies. At all times
courteous and approachable, he could thrust aside great business matters to
attend to the small wants of individuals, nor was he ever found wanting or
indififerent when charity ofifered a plea.

"In finance Senator Forget was a true leader. He was one of the first
men to loom large in high finance in Canada. He realized many possibilities
which other men have realized too — but he followed that by action. He had
the courage to follow bis convictions and many solid institutions which today
enjoy in themselves prosperity and largely aid in the advancement of the
Dominion, owe to him debts'which can never be repaid to the individual, though
they will be to the people of the country. His financial ability brought him
into prominence in connection with several of the largest corporations in ihc
Dominion, prominent nmijng which were the Montreal .Street, the Richelieu &
Ontario Navigation Comjiany and the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Com-
pany, the Dominion Coal Company, and the Dominion Iron & Steel Company.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 117

"Senator Forget was one of the colossal figures about whom have surged
the tides and currents of Canadian finance. The news of his death this morn-
ing was as much of a shock as a surjjrise, both to those with whom he had
been so long associated in connection with the organization and the manage-
ment of the great financial and industrial enterprises of the Dominion and to
the thousands of others to whom his name had come to be the shibboleth of
success.

"But if Senator Forget represented one thing more than success it was
absolute unswerving fidelity to his word. In all the heat and confusion of
the stock market amidst the treacheries which sometimes attend on high financ-
ing and the deception and duplicity which beset the path of the successful man
everywhere, there was never a question of his own unfaltering veracity.. Sen-
ator Forget was wisely charitable, an intelligent patron of the arts, and a strong
supporter of all movements which made for the better government of the city
and the state. He will long be remembered for what he was as well as for
what he did."

Another Montreal paper said of him : "His rise to financial fame is writ-
ten on the business history of Montreal, and the story of his success in the
financial world is the history of the development of the city. Although Sen-
ator Forget's estate will count up into the millions, its accumulation was not
effected by continuous plain sailing."

Obstacles and difficulties of grave import arose, but his financial capacity
and strict integrity had won the confidence and trust of friends who rallied to
his support, and although he saw the storm clouds gather, he was able to turn
threatened disaster into brilliant achievement. His investments were most
judiciously made and his judgment concerning important financial transactions
seemed never at fault. Once his mind was made up as to the value of a
security nothing could shake his confidence, and much of his success in life was
due to his unerring judgment.

Slow to make a promise or express an opinion. Senator Forget never failed
to fulfill a promise and when he gave his opinion it was the expression of his
hone-st conviction and indicated a course which he would follow in a similar
position. If he advised an investor it meant that he would not hesitate a
moment in investing his own money in the same security. His unquestioned
loyalty to his friends covered his entire business career. His recommendation
of a security to an investor meant that he would fully support that security
and there were instances in his career when even his vast resources were taxed
in such support. This was true in connection with the Montreal Stock Exchange
in a security where large sums were invested on his recommendation. The
implicit confidence that capital had in his judgment enabled him to finance and
successfully carry out projects that probably no other man of his time could
have handled. His word was as .good as his bond. His denial of a rumor
killed it immediately just as an .admission from him settled all doubt. He
could see through a proposition readily and would decide important and exten-
sive matters quickly. His decision was never hasty or ill advised but came as
the result of the fact that he had mastered many grave business affairs and
with readiness comprehended every phase of a situation that came before him.
He was a man of strong personality. His was never the command of the

118 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

tyrant to go but ever the call of the leader to come. He was never vacillating
in his opinions of the best methods to be followed or the manner in which a
given work was to be done. He was a most considerate and appreciative man
and was always ready to encourage one who was striving upward. He was
not a talkative man, that is he talked but comparatively little, yet he talked to
the point and with great earnestness and thinking men listened to him with atten-
tion. He never laughed aloud, but his smile was one full of humor, enjoyment
and good nature. Judging his manner by first appearance might do him an
injustice, for a habit of earnest thought had brought a deep furrow in the fore-
head that might be regarded as a frown. An acquaintance, however, always
received the most polite attention from him and his unfailing courtesy of man-
ner showed him to be a perfect gentleman in the highest and best sense of the
term.

His interest in benevolent and charitable projects was wide and his support
thereof most generous. He became a director of the Notre Dame Hospital and
was a governor of both the General Hospital and the Western Hospital. He
was a governor of the Art Association and life governor of the Numismatic
& Antiquarian Society; also president of the board of governors of Laval Uni-
versity. His political career is an interesting one, for he was not always a
supporter of the liberal-conservative party. Although a fellow townsman of
Sir Adolphe Chapleau, the Senator had been allied with Sir^ Henri Gustave
Joly de Lotbiniere in that leader's contest with Chapleau, Angers and the rest
of the conservative leaders of his time. In federal politics, however, Hon.
-Mr. Forget declined to follow the free trade policy of Mackenzie and Cart-
wright, which had been forced against his will upon Rodolphe Laflamme, and
from the days of the national policy the Senator worked with the present con-
servative party. He was appdinted to the upper house during the elections of
1896 and was the last conservative senator to enter that branch of the Canadian
parliament. Senator Forget seldom addressed the senate, yet his advice in
committee was of great value to his fellow members and it was here that the
close friendship sprang up between Senator Forget and the ex-prime minister.
Sir Mackenzie Bowell. The Senator was a loyal follower of R. L. Borden as
leader of the conservative party, both in parliament and in the country. He
realized that it was a very difficult matter for any leader to find complete favor
in the eyes of all the provinces, but he was confident that Mr. Borden gave his
services to the party and to the country in a patriotic manner and consequently
deserved the support of a united party in both houses. The ^Montreal Gazette
some years ago termed him "an astute and enterprising man of afifairs." He
was more than that. He was a constructionist and builded where others saw
no opportunity ; he was a patriot without narrow partisanship ; a Roman Cath-
olic and stanch churchman without a particle of race jjrejudice, in evidence of
which fact his closest friend in the senate of the Dominion was an ex-grand
master of the Orange Grand Lodge of British North .\merica — Sir Mackenzie
Bowell. High honors had been accorded him, distinction and notable success
had come to him. These things made him an eminent citizen, but, more than
that, attractive social qualities and genuine personal worth had gained him the
highest regard, confidence, good-will and friendship of his contenii)oraries and
colleagues.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 119

While Senator Forget was a member of a number of clubs, he manifested
keenest interest perhaps in the Mount Royal Club, of which he was one of the
founders. Among the other clubs to which he belonged were the St. James, of
which he had been president; the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club; the Forest
and Stream; the Montreal Hunt; the Country Club of Ottawa and the Man-
hattan Club of New York.

In May, 1876, Senator Forget married Miss Maria Raymond, a daughter of
Gustav A. Raymond of Montreal. They were the parents of five children:
Loulou, now Mrs. W. W. Skinner; Raymond, who died at the age of four
years; Blanche, now Mrs. Guy Boyer; Marguerite; and Pauline. The two
younger daughters accompanied their parents abroad and the family was sojourn-
ing at Nice when Senator Forget passed away, April 7, 191 1.

CHARLES M. BLACK.

Thorough preparatory training and broadening experience well qualify
Charles M. Black for the important and- responsible duties that devolve upon
him as secretary and treasurer of the insurance brokerage firm of R. Howard
& Company of Montreal. He has many friends in this city, to whom his life
record will prove of interest. He was born in Wiimipeg in 1890, a son of William
Allan Black and a grandson of Charles R. and Elizabeth (Hall) Black, of Mon-
treal. There is a mingled strain of English and Scotch blood in his veins. The
birth of William A. Black occurred in Montreal, November 17, 1862. His edu-
cation was acquired in the schools of his native city, and for some years he was
in the service of the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railway Comi)anies.
In 1882 he went to Manitoba and the following year became connected with the
Ogilvie Milling Company, one of the foremost enterprises of that character in
the country. Gradually in that connection he worked his way upward and in
1902 was appointed general manager of the western division, while in 1910 he
was elected one of the directors of the company. Still further promotion has
come to him in his election as vice president and managing director of the Ogilvie
Flour Mills Company. He is likewise a member of the Winnipeg Board of Trade,
a councillor of the Winnipeg Grain and Produce Exchange and a member of
the grain survey and grain standard boards. He is likewise a director of the
Home Savings & Investment Company, Molson's Bank and Larose Consolidated
Mines and is managing director of the Kaministiquia Power Company and presi-
dent of the Manitoba Cold Storage Company. He belongs to the Winnipeg and
Manitoba Clubs. He was married in 1888 to Mary Campbell, daughter of Alex-
ander McEwan, of Edinburgh, Scotland.

The illustrious example of his father has fired the ambition of Charles M.
Black, who was reared in Montreal and Winnipeg. Making good use of time,
talents and opportunities, he has steadily progressed and is today a well known
factor in insurance brokerage circles of Montreal. The business of the firm of
R. Howard & Company was established in 1901 and was organized under the
present firm style on the ist of February, 1913, when Charles M. Black became
a member of the firm, of which he has since been secretarv and treasurer, with

120 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Robert Howard as the president. He had received thorough initial liusiness
training in three years' connection with his father, and he is also secretary and
treasurer of the Financial Investment Company. A young man of determination
and energy-, he carries forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes,
and obstacles and difficulties in his path serve but as an impetus for renewed
effort on his part.

JOHN PRATT.

High on the list of Montreal's worthy citizens who have passed from this
life appears the name of John Pratt, who from 1839 until 1872 was one of the
prosperous merchants of the city. He was born at Berthier, en haut, on the
20th of July, 1812, and after a well spent life of sixty-four years passed away
July 22, 1876. He was survived for only a few weeks by his brother, Mr. C.
F. Pratt, with whom he had commenced his business career and with whom he
was almost continuously associated thereafter.

The father was a merchant at Berthier and in 1833 the sons, Charles F. and
John, left the paternal home to establish a business house in Quebec under the
firm name of C. F. Pratt & Company. Having succeeded almost beyond his
expectations in that city, John Pratt opened a branch establishment at Three
Rivers and, as in Quebec, won almost immediate prosperity in the conduct of
the enterprise. Soon the brothers found that their sphere of action was too
limited and in 1839 they extended the scope of their interests by founding the
well known leather house of John Pratt & Company in Montreal.

In 1852 the Quebec house was closed, the brothers concentrating their ener-
gies upon the conduct of the Montreal business, out of which they made colossal
fortunes, that of Mr. John Pratt amounting to about a million dollars. The
tanneries at Roxton Falls were started by the Pratts, who for many years stood
at the head of the leather business. In 1869, however, they put aside industrial
and commercial interests, but while Charles Pratt confined himself to private
aflfairs, his brother, John Pratt, whose name introduces this review, unable with
his active temperament to remain comparatively unemployed, engaged in the con-
duct of several joint stock companies, with which he had identified himself. At
the time of his death he was president of the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation
Company, over whose board he had presided since 1867. He was president of
the Banque du Peuple, of the Rubber Company, and others ; and was vice presi-
dent of the Citizens Assurance Company, a position which he also occupied in
connection with other joint stock concerns. He was on the board of directors
of the Valleyfield Cotton Company, an enterprise which he had done much to
promote. Indeed, it may be said of Mr. Pratt that he was an undoubted author-
ity on all business matters, being sagacious, practical, enterprising and energetic.
He seemed to recognize almost from the beginning the possibilities of any
undertaking, and he never faltered until his purpose was accoinplished.

In 7863 Mr. Pratt was placed on the harbor board, but the succeeding year
the government of Sir John Macdonald removed him from office, doing exactly
the same by Hon. John Young and Mr. Thomas Cramp. In 1S74, however, he
was placed upon the newly constituted lioard, of which be was an active, ])rac-

JdHX PRATT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 12:5

tical and influential member. His natural modesty impelled him, upon several
occasions, to decline nomination for parliament, to which, there is no doubt, had
he so desired, he would have been elected. Politically he was a thorough
reformer and even by those who differed from him, his opinions were looked
upon ivitl". great respect. He was at all linies a thorough gentleman, a faithful
and considerate friend and a real philanthropist.

On the 3d of March, 1840, Mr. Pratt married ISlarie Mathilde Roy, the
widow of Charles Ovide Perrault, who was killed in the rebellion oi 1837, Mrs.
Pratt died July 29, 1897. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Pratt were:
Marie Mathilde, who was married in 1862 to Desire Girouard; Charles Alfred,
a practicing physician, who in i8f)() married Alphonsine Leclair and resides at
Longueuil; Eveline Marie Louise, the wife of Joseph Gustave Laviolette, of
Montreal; Virginia, who was married September 30, 1878, to George H. Mat-
thews; Aloysia, who was married June 17, 1878, to Percy Franklin Woodcock,
the well known artist; Frederick Emile George, who was married ]\Iay 31, 1883,
to Albina Thibault, the widow of his younger brother; and Louis Edouard
Albert, who married Albina Thibault and died August 11, 1880.

On the 27th of July, 1876, the body of Mr. John Pratt was taken from
the family residence. No. 310 Lagauchetiere street to the church of St. Jacques,
St. Denis street, and thence to the family vault in the Roman Catholic cemetery.
The attendance at the church was immense, comprising all the influential and
re])resentative citizens, both French and English, of Montreal. At the church
the burial service was celebrated by Rev. A. L. Sentenne, cure of the parish,
assisted by Rev. Father Fleck, superior of the Jesuits.

Perhaps no better indication of Mr. Pratt's high standing could be given than
by quoting a letter received by Mrs. John Pratt, reading :
"Dear Madam :

'"We, the harbor commissioners of Montreal, take the liberty of intruding
upon you to express our sympathy and condolence to you and your family in the
irretrievable loss sustained by the death of your late husband, our friend and
colleague in the harbor trust. Our late friend rendered such efficient service in
the management of this important trust and was so fully in sympathy with every
movement for the good of his country and this city in which he lived, as to
secure the esteem and confidence of every member of the commission. At such
.a time we are aware that nothing can be said to assuage the natural grief of
yourself and family, still we hope, Dear Madam, it will prove consolatory to
you and yours, that your husband, our friend, has filled up his season of life
with so many good deeds and in so exemplary a manner, and that although he
has now gone from among us, he will be remembered by all who knew him.
This we trust will be to you and your family a source of comfort and help you
to bear with fortitude and resignation your present great affliction.

"Thomas Cramp,
"Hugh McLennan,
"Andrew Allan,
"Charles H. Gould,
"John Young,
"Adolphe Roy,
"P. Donovan.

124 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

"Harbor commissioners' office, Montreal, July 28, 1876."
The board of directors of the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company, at
its meeting on Friday, the 2Sth of July, 1S76, passed unanimously the following
resolution :

"Resolved: That this board of directors have received with much regret
intelligence of the death of the late president of the company, Mr. John
Pratt, whose long and valuable services in its behalf secured for him the
gratitude, not only of the directors, but of every shareholder in the com-
pany. The directors desire to offer to his family the deep sympathy of every
member of the board in the loss they have sustained, and to assure them of
the high esteem in which the late i\Ir. Pratt was universally held.

"Hugh Allan, president.

"J. N. Beaudry, secretary.

"Thomas Caverhill.

"Andrew Allan.

"William McNaughton.

"Adolphe Roy.

"D. Masson.

"M. H. Gault.

"Robert Anderson."

THOMAS W. RITCHIE.

One of the most prominent members of the provincial bar was T. W.
Ritchie, who specialized in the practice of commercial law in Alontreal and rep-
resented many important corporations in his professional connection. A native
of Hatley, Quebec, he was born in 1828. After careful preparation for active
law practice he was called to the bar in 1852 and opened an office in Sher-
brooke. In i860 he removed to Montreal and became a member of the firm of
Rose, Monk & Ritchie. It was in 1867 that he was appointed queen's counsel.
No dreary novitiate awaited him at the outset of his professional career. He
brought to its starting point several rare gifts, strong individuality, marked
strength of character and high professional ideals, in addition to comprehensive
knowledge of the principles of law and ability to correctly apply these. He
continued in active practice as a member of the firm of Rose, Monk & Ritchie
until Mr. Monk was appointed to the bench. The partnership relation under
the firm style of Rose & Ritchie then continued until Sir John Rose left Canada
for England. Mr. Ritchie was then joined by J. L. Morris and W. Rose, but
the latter left soon afterward and later Mr. Morris retired. Mr. Ritchie then
took in as partner Mr. G. H. Borlase, who remained with him until 1879, when
he retired. Mr. Ritchie then admitted his son W. F. Ritchie to a partnership
under the firm style of Ritchie & Ritchie'. The father was one of the mo.st prom-
inent members of the bar of the province, ranking high as an advocate in the
department of commercial law and sustaining many important professional
relations. At the time of his death, on the 4th of Septcml)er, 1882, he was
solicitor to the P.ank of Montreal and the Hudson's Bay Company and was both

' HISTORY OF MONTREAL 125

director and solicitor to the Montreal, Portland & lioston Railway. For many
years he acted as crown prosecutor for the district of Montreal. The court
records attest his high standing and his ability whereby he engraved his name
high on the keystone of the legal arch. It is the theory of the law that the
counsels who practice are to aid the court in the administration of justice, and
perhaps no representative of the Montreal bar has been more careful to con-
form his practice to a high standard of professional fthics than did T. W.
Ritchie.

ALBERT GEORGE NICHOLLS, M. D.

One of the well known members of the medical profession in Montreal, Dr.
Albert George Nicholls has made continual progress, and in the field of scien-
tific attainment and research is recognized as one of the most eminent in the pro-
fession in the city. His investigations, carried far and wide, have brought forth
many valuable truths, and his contributions to medical literature are largely
accepted as standard.

Dr. Nicholls was born at Shotley Bridge, Durham, England, April i6, 1870,
a son of the late Rev. John Nicholls and Mary Elizabeth (Harland) Nicholls.
The father was the well known pastor of St. Mark's Presbyterian church in
Montreal for twenty-two years. In England he became identified with the Meth-
odist clergy and was given charge of churches at Shotley Bridge, Durham ;
Chester-le-Street, Hetton and Blyth, Northumberland. He was born at Willen-
hall, Staffordshire, England, in 1840, and had reached the age of fifty-eight years
when he passed away in Montreal on the 4th of May, 1898. He had been a
resident of Canada for almost a quarter of a century, having arrived in this
country in 1874. It was after he came to the new world that he connected him-
self with the Presbyterian church and for twenty-two years remained pastor of
St. Mark's. The names of few are so closely interwoven with the history of
moral progress in this city, tor some years he was a member of the Protestant
Ministerial Association, was editor of the Bible Reporter, and was a frequent
contributor to the press upon questions relative to the work of the church and
the extension of Christian- influence. At the time of the smallpox epidemic
in Montreal he served on various committees formed to relieve the situation and
opened his church for the distribution of relief. He was also one of the origi-
nators of the Fresh Air Fund and while thoroughly versed upon dogmas and
the principles of theology, his religion was ever of that jiractical character which
found expression in good deeds, in ready sympathy, and in immediate helpful-
ness. The survivors of his family are Mrs. Nicholls ; Dr. Albert George Nicholls,
whose name introduces this review ; and a daughter. Miss Amy Nicholls, B. A.

Education received high rating in the Nicholls home and the son was afforded
excellent opportunities for acquiring knowledge that w-ould fit him for any field
of labor to which he might choose to devote his efi^orts. He attended McGill
Model School, the Montreal high school and afterward entered McGill Univer-
sity, where he won the Bachelor of Arts degree and became gold medallist in
classics in 1890. Three years later his alma mater conferred upon him the Master

126 HISTORY OF MONTREAL '

of Arts degree and in preparation for the medical profession he pursued a course
of study in McGill, which won him the M. D. and C. M. degrees in 1894. In
IQ09 the Doctor of Science degree was conferred upon him and in 1908 the
honor of F. R. S. C. Holding to the highest professional standards and wishing
to reach the highest possible point of proficiency, Dr. Nicholls has gone abroad
for study, doing post-graduate work at Erlangen, Prague and \"ienna. A suc-
cessful practitioner in Montreal, he has devoted much time to original research,
more especially in the scientific side of medicine. He is perhaps best known for
his work in connection with typhoid fever, Brights disease, tuberculosis and some
of the more obscure phases of chronic inflammation and his views have been
referred to in several of the more recent authoritative text-books. He is the
author of more than forty monographs and other publications on medical sub-
jects, and his writings have largely been accepted as standard by the profession
in this section of the country. He was joint author with Professor Adami of
The Principles of Pathology, a work of recognized value. He is equally well
known as a lecturer on clinical medicine and assistant professor of pathology
and bacteriology in McGill University. He is out-patient physician to the
Montreal General Hospital and assistant physician and pathologist to the West-
ern General Hospital.

In May, 1907, Dr. Nicholls was married to Miss Lucia Pomeroy, the youngest
daughter of the late William H. Van Vliet of Lacolle, P. Q., and they have three
sons, George Van Vliet, John \'an \'liet and Robert Van Vliet. Dr. Nicholls
is a conservative and an ardent imperialist. His religious affiliation is with the
Presbyterian church, and he is a member of the University Club, Montreal, and
the Authors' Club, London.

Those life forces which work for betterment, for progress and improvement
elicit his attention and receive his support, and he is today recognized as a man
of splendidly developed talents and well balanced powers, so that he has become
a forceful factor in the world's work.

CAPTAIN GEORGE HILLYARD MATTHEWS.

Success in business resulting entirely from capable management, keen dis-
crimination and unfaltering enterprise came to Captain George Hillyard Mat-
thews, who for many years was president of the Sincennes-McNaughton Line.
His birth occurred in Montreal on the 14th of August, 1S46, and he passed
away at the comparatively early age of fifty-seven years, dying on the 19th
of January, 1904. He was a son of George Matthews, of Mount Victoria,
Hudson and 'Montreal. The father came to Canada from Essex, England, as a
young man and in this country married a Miss Hudson, also a native of England.
They became the parents of six children, including Captain Matthews, who
received his military education at Sandhurst, England, in 187 1. The following
year he entered the army and served for a period of eight years, when he
resigned. He was an honorary member of the officers' mess of the Third
Victoria Rifles and also honorary president of the Army and Navy \'eterans
Association. He never ceased to feel a deep interest in military affairs and

CAPTAIN GEORGE H. MATTHEWS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 129

believed in tlie maintenance of a high standard of service in connection with
the army and navy.

Captain Matthews' business affairs also brought him prominently before
the public. For many years he was president of the Sincenncs-McNaughlon
Line and during his term of office the major portion of the harbor fleet of
tugs was built under his supervision. As opportunity offered he made judicious
investments in real estate and became the owner of a large amount of prop-
erty in Montreal. l^'oUowing the death of llaron de Longueuil, he took charge
of his estate, which he wisely managed.

In 187S Captain Matthews was united in marriage to •■Miss Virginia Pratt,
a daughter of John Pratt, one of the early settlers of Montreal. He held
membership in the St. James Club and he was interested in various signifi-
cant and vital questions of the day, especially in fish and game protection.
He also took an active interest in politics. He was acquainted with all of the
different phases of public life having to do with the prosperity and progress
of his city and province, and his aid and cooperation could always be counted
upon to further movements for the general good.

DA\TD BURKE.

One of the best known insurance and financial men of Montreal was the late
David Burke, who passed away on December 5, 1913. He was born in Char-
lottetown, P. E. 1., in 1850, being the youngest son of Edward and Mary (Acorn)
Burke, both of whom were natives of Prince Edward Island. He received his
early education in the schools of that province. In early manhood he turned his
attention to the insurance business, being but si.xteen years of age when he entered
upon the field of labor in which he was to attain to importance, making his name
one well known in insurance circles not only in Canada but also in the L^nited
States. In 1869 he came to Montreal, where he was associated in business with his
brother, the late Walter Burke, then general manager for Canada of the New
York Life Insurance Company. On the death of the latter in 1879 the com-
pany retired from Canada owing to differences with the insurance depart-
ment at Ottawa. In 1883, being willing to conform to the regulations set down
by this department, the company reentered Canada, and Mr. David Burke was
appointed general manager. In 1897 he retired from his connection with this
firm to organize an insurance company of his own, the Royal Victoria Life Insur-
ance Company, which was absorbed by the Sun Life in 191 1. He thus bent his
energies to administrative direction and executive control and his opinions were
largely accepted as authority upon matters connected with the complex problems
of insurance and the control of the business. In 1882 he was elected an associate
of the British Institute of Actuaries, being one of its oldest members, and
in 1897 was made a fellow of the Royal Statistical Society of Great Britain. In
1904 he was honored with election to the vice presidency of the Economic and
Statistical Society of Montreal and in 1906 was chosen president of the Canadian
Life Insurance Ofificers Association. For two years he held the presidency of the
Life Managers Association of Canada, a bodv formed solelv of the executive

130 HISTORY OF AIONTREAL

heads of insurance companies in Canada, each company being represented in the
association by only one member. He studied every phase of the insurance busi-
ness with a thoroughness that made his opinions standard, and he was the author
of a valuable paper published in 1908 entitled "Insurance as a National Economy."
The Montreal Witness spoke of him as one "recognized as a most capable insur-
ance administrator," and his contemporaries and colleagues speak of his business
ability and resourcefulness in terms of high admiration.

Mr. Burke was married in 1875 to Miss Rose Maclear, the youngest daughter
of the late Thomas Maclear, founder of the Maclear Publishing Company of
Toronto, and they were parents of four sons and two daughters, as follows :
Edmund A., the noted vocalist ; Louis, of New York ; Alan, of Boston ; Maurice
N., of Montreal; Mrs. Fred C. Budden, of Montreal; and Miss Marjorie Burke,
of Montreal.

Mr. Burke was a member of the St. James Club and in religious faith an
Anglican, while his political belief placed him in the position of an imperial pro-
tectionist. His views of life were those of a broad-minded man who delved deep
into the questions of vital importance and who proved himself the master of those
forces which made up his life's experience.

JAMES JOHN EDMUND GUERIN, M. D., LL. D., T. C: D., K. C. S. G.

Dr. James John Edmund Guerin, medical practitioner and educator, and an
influential figure in the political history of the province, having served with dis-
tinction as a member of the Marchand and Parent cabinets and later as mayor of
Montreal, was born July 4, 1856, in the city which is still his place of residence, a
son of the late Thomas Guerin, C. E., chief hydraulic engineer of the department
of public works, Ottawa, and a brother of the Hon. Edmund Guerin, one of the
judges of the superior court, Montreal. Dr. Guerin made his studies at the Alon-
treal College, and later entered McGill University for the purpose of pursuing a
course in medicine. He was graduated M. D., C. M. in 1878, and has since engaged
in active practice in his native city where he has also done important hospital work.
He is the president of the medical board of the Hotel-Dieu Hospital and one of
the governors of the Notre Dame Hospital; in educational circles he is well
known as professor of clinical medicine in Laval University. He holds to the
highest professional standards of ethics and enjoys the warmest regard of fellow
practitioners. He is a director of the Royal Edward Institute and a governor of
the Victorian Order of Nurses, and in 1909 he was appointed a member of the
royal commission to prevent the further spread of tuberculosis.

Capable and prominent as is Dr. Guerin in his chosen profession, he has also
became equally widely known in connection with political activity and has done
much important work. In 1895 he was elected president of the St. Patrick's
Society and was reelcted in 1896 and 1897. In the former year he was a delegate
to the Irish National Convention at Dublin. In October, 1895, he was returned to
the legislature for Montreal in the liberal interests by a majority of twelve hun-
dred and fifty-four. In 1897 he was reelected in the general election and was called
to the Marchand cabinet without portfolio on the 25th of May of that year. He

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 131

was a minister without portfolio in the Marchand and Parent administrations from
1897 to 1904, and in 1901 was appointed member of the coimcil of public instruc-
tion of the province of Quebec. His opinions carried weight in provincial councils
and a discussion of any vital question with him at once indicated how widely and
thoroughly he was informed concerning the points at issue. In February, 19 10,
as the. candidate of the citizens' party he was elected mayor of Montreal by a
majority of twelve thousand nine hundred and eighty-three and in his administra-
tion sought at all times to further the best interests of the city. He conducted its
civic affairs along economical lines and yet never fettered municipal progress by
a narrow conservatism. He represented the city of Montreal at the funeral of
King Edward iri London in 1910 and at the coronation of King George and Queen
Mary in 191 1. In 191 1 he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St.
Gregory the Great, and in 1912 he received the degree of LL. D. from Trinity
College. Dublin.

In 1883 Dr. Guerin was married to Miss Mary Carroll O'Brien, daughter of
the late Lion. James O'Brien; she died in 1886. Dr. Guerin resides at No. 4
Edgehill avenue. His religious faith is that of the Roman Catholic church. Aside
from serving as president of St. Patrick's Society he has been president of the
Shamrock Lacrosse Club and of many other organizations. He is a member of
the Mount Royal Club, the University Club and the Montreal Jockey Club. His
activity along various important lines indicates his worth and value as a citizen,
and his indorsement at the polls testifies to the confidence reposed in him by his
fellow citizens. Plis ideals of citizenship are high, while in his professional career
he manifests the keenest appreciation for the responsibilities and obligations which
devolve upon him.

ANDREW STUART EWING.

Andrew Stuart Ewing, for almost half a century one of the best known busi-
ness men of Montreal, was born in 1838 at Lisdillon House, Londonderry, Ire-
land, and was a representative of an old family of Irish origin, his parents being
Samuel and Margaret (Hamilton) Ewing, who crossed the Atlantic to Canada
with their family when their son, Andrew, was seven years of age. He was
educated in the public schools of Montreal and in i860 entered into partnership
with his brother, Samuel H. Ewing, in the ownership and management of the
extensive coffee and spice mills formerly owned by his father, who founded
the business in 1845. I" i860 the firm style of Samuel Ewing & Sons was
assumed and in 1892, after the retirement of Samuel H. Ewing, Andrew S.
Ewing became sole proprietor of the business which was conducted at No. 55
Cote street. The enterprise was one of extensive proportions and yielded a sub-
stantial profit as a result of careful management and wise direction.

During the last fifteen years of his life Mr. Ewing was a prominent member
of the Alontreal Board of Trade and was interested in its various projects for
promoting the material progress of the city and advancing affairs of municipal
and civic interest. In politics he was a conservative and a strong supporter of
the national policy.

132 HISTORY OF AIONTREAL

Mr. Ewing died at his home in Montreal, January 8, 1902, and was survived
by his widow until June, 191 3. The surviving children are Andrew Stuart and
Royal L. H. Ewing and two daughters, Mrs. Robert Starke and Miss Adelaide
Ewing. The sons are members of the firm of Ewing & Ewing, real estate and
insurance, which was established in September, 1906, by the brothers in con-
nection with A. F. Gault, but the last named retired from the firm j\Iay i, 1912.
A. Stuart Ewing is a member of the Art Association of 2\Iontreal, the Canadian
Club, the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht
Club, the St. James Club, the Manitou Club and the. Park Toboganning Club, of
which he is vice president.

Mr. Royal L. H. Ewing is a member of the Art Association of Montreal, the
Montreal and Canadian Clubs, the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the
Mount Royal Lawn Tennis Club, the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club, the St.
James Club, the Manitou Club and the Park Toboganning Club. The sons are
worthy successors to their father, not only in business activity but also in that
business integrity for which the family name has always stood.

FRANK RICHARDSON ENGLAND, M. D., C. M.

Dr. Frank Richardson England, an alumnus of Bishop's College of ^Montreal
and now w-ell known as a practical educator as well as a successful practitioner,
was bom August 21, 1862, at Cowansville, province of Quebec, and is the eldest
son of Francis and Jane (Ruiter) England, of Dunham, Quebec. The family
comes of L'nited Empire Loyalist stock and the parents are now deceased.

While Dr. England acquired his early education at Waterloo, he pursued his
medical course at Bishop's College in Montreal, from which he was graduated
with the class of 1885, the degrees of M. D. and C. M. being then conferred
upon him, and obtaining the Wood and Nelson gold medals. He was professor
of diseases of children at Bishop's College in 1887 and professor of surgery
in the same institution in 1894. In 1905 he was graduated at McGill College
(ad eun). The profession has honored him with official distinction, for in 1906
he was chosen president of the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society and the
following year was vice president of the Canadian Medical Association. He is a
governor and fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He is now, 1914,
surgeon of the Western Hospital at Montreal and in his surgical practice dis-
plays comprehensive knowledge of anatomy, of the component parts of the human
body and of the onslaughts made upon it by disease or left to it as a legacy by
progenitors. He is cool and collected at critical moments and combines strength
with tenderness, seeking ever the ultimate good of patient and of profession.

Dr. England was married twice. In 1887 he wedded Carrie Ann, youngest
daughter of the late R. L. Galer, of Dunham. Following her death Dr. England
married Octavia Grace Ritchie, B, A., M. D., of Montreal, the youngest daughter
of the late Thomas W. Ritchie, Q. C. She was born in Montreal and became a
student in McGill University, winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts, together
with first class honors in natural science in 1883. She was afterward graduated
from Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec, with the degree of M. D. and C. M.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 133

in 1891. She was one of the first class of ladies to graduate from McGill and
tlie first woman to receive a medical degree in the province of Quebec. Mrs.
England took a scholarship at Kingston and later pursued a post-graduate course
at Vienna, Austria. She has done much to arouse public feeling in favor of the
medical education of women in Quebec and was secretary of the organization
called the Donalda Students to procure this concession. She is now a governor
of the Western Hospital and was assistant gynecologist there from 1894 until
1896. She has lectured on medical subjects before the Women's Club and tlie
Young Women's Christian Association. She is a member of the Montreal
Medico-Chirurgical Society and was a delegate to the Quinquennial Congress of
the National Council of Women at Toronto in 1909. She is president of the
local council of the National Council of Women. In 1897 s'""^ became the
v.'ife of Dr. Frank Richardson England of Montreal. Both continue actively
in the practice of the profession, and each has a large clientage, indicating the
prominence to which they have attained.

WILLIAM JOHN WHITE.

William John White, whose autliorship no less than his practice has gained
him eminence and success, is regarded as one of the foremost representatives of
the Montreal bar. Contemporaneous writers pronounce upon him high encomiums
for his contributions to legal as well as to general literature. A native of Peter-
boro, Ontario, he was born January 29, 1861, a son of the late 'Richard White,
D. C. L., and Jean (Riddel) White. After completing his studies in the Mon-
treal high school he entered McGill L^niversity, where he pursued a classical
and legal course, winning the B. A. degree in 1881, the degree of Bachelor of
Civil Law in 1882, while in 1885 the Master of Arts degree was conferred upon
him and in 1902 that of Doctor of Civil Law. He completed his legal studies
at the Sorbonne in Paris and in 1883 entered upon the active work of the pro-
fession as an advocate. He has since successfully practiced and was created
king's counsel in 1899. He is now senior partner of the law firm of White &
Buchanan and is recognized as one of the leaders of the Montreal bar. In 1901
he was made batonnier. His law practice has been of an important as well as of
an extensive character. He was retained as counsel by the Mexican government
in the boundary dispute between the L^nited States and Mexico in 191 1. His high
standing in his profession and his thorough understanding of vital and significant
governmental problems have brought him into prominence in various international
aft'airs. He ser\ed as a member of the boaid of investigation appointed by the
minister of labor in the United Shoe Machinery case, and his opinions have
been sought on variotis questions of far-reaching importance. He represented
the Montreal bar at the annual meeting of the New York State Bar Association at
Albany in 1902 and at the Illinois State Bar Association in 1906, and on the
latter occasion read a paper on The Law of Quebec. He is the author of a
treatise on Canadian Company Law which was published in 1901.

Aside from his profession Mr. White has been connected with several business
enterprises and public projects of importance. In 191 1 he became one of the

134 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

directors of the Sherwin-Williams Company of Canada, and from 1906 to 1908 he
served as alderman of the city. He is a director and was elected the vice presi-
dent of the new Technical School of Montreal. He was one of the founders of
the Society of Historical Studies and was chosen to the presidency of that organi-
zation for 1891-2. He was likewise one of the organizers of the Society of
Canadian Literature and of the Canadian branch of the American Folk Lore
Society. From 1889 until 1891 he published a monthly magazine known as
Canadiana and Dr. John Reade termed him "A writer of taste and force," while
the Montreal Witness spoke of him as "A thoroughly capable man." Mr. White
belongs to a number of the leading clubs, including the St. James, University,
Outremont Golf and the Montreal Jockey Clubs of Montreal ; the Rideau Club
of Ottawa ; the Quebec Garrison Club ; and the Constitutional Club of London,
England. It is in his law practice, however, that he has won the recognition
that has placed him in the present enviable position which he occupies. He has
ever in his practice been faithful to his clients, fair to his adversaries and candid
to the court. In many cases with which he has been connected he has exhibited
the possession of every faculty of which a lawyer may be proud — skill in presenta-
tion of his own evidence, extraordinary ability in cross examination, strong grasp
of every feature of the case, power to secure favorable rulings from the judge,
unusual familiarity with human nature and untiring industry. These qualities
have gained him notable success in law practice.

ROBERT REFORD.

At the time of his death half a century was drawing to its close since the
subject of this sketch, the late Robert Reford, first established a commercial
connection with Montreal. The outstanding position which Mr. Reford occu-
pied in the life of the city was the natural outcome of qualities which quickly
bring men to be recognized as a source of strength to whatever spheres in
which they may move. He was a man of very pronounced ability, tenacious-
ness of purpose, firmness of decision and of forceful character but by those
who knew him best he will be remembered, chiefly for those high standards
of honor which were his for the straightforwardness and uprightness of all
his dealings with his fellowmen and for the strong sense of justice which
throughout his long career he was so often called upon to exercise.

Robert Reford was born at Moylena, which for generations had been the
family seat near Antrim, Ireland, in 1831 and was a lad of fourteen when in
1845 he came with his mother, three brothers and one sister to make his home
in Canada. The family arrived at Quebec the night of the great fire when the
lower town was almost completely destroyed. After a very brief stay in Mon-
treal they settled in Toronto, where Mr. Reford completed his education. He
was, however, still but a boy when he became engaged in business and, though
he was indentured to work for his first employer for two years at a fixed salary,
it is indicative of the great natural capacity which he possessed and of his
steadiness and alertness in business, that at the end of the first year his salary
was increased fivefold and again at the end of the second year that amount

KdHKRT KKFOKl)

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 137

was doubled. In three years time, still barely on the threshold of manhood,
Robert Re ford had proved his ability to such an extent as to be offered a
partnership with William Strachan in a wholesale and retail grocery business
which the latter was about to open. This offer was accepted but the firm dis-
solved after a few years duration and Mr. Reford started a business on his
own account, which he continued to conduct alone for several years, only taking
Richard Dunbar as a partner when he acquired, by purchase, from William
Ross, another large wholesale business of the same nature. The two businesses
were run separately, one as Reford & Dunbar, the other in partnership with
the late John Dillon, as Reford & Dillon, wholesale grocers and merchants. It
would indeed have been strange if a man, imbued with the spirit of enter-
prise and courage, as was Mr. Reford to a very remarkable degree, had been
content to remain without some wider scope for his abilities than that offered,
even by a successful wholesale business. It was not long before he took the
initial step which was to lead him so far along the path of that \ast question of
transportation.

Mr. Reford was one of the pioneer workers in this direction, entering the
carrying trade, in the early '60s. He amassed a considerable fortune during the
forty odd years he was engaged in shipping pursuits but never did he lose
sight of the fact that Canada's interests as a whole are intimately and indivisibly
bound up in every phase of the shipping industry, nor did he ever fail to con-
sider and work towards the benefit of those wider interests of his adopted
country.

The operation of vessels on the Great Lakes was the beginning of Mr.
Reford's shipping enterprises. In i860 he equipped the schooner "Seagull"
and sent her with a general cargo of Canadian produce to Port Natal, South
Africa, thus being the first man to undertake direct shipping connection between
Canada and that part of the world.

In 1865, associated with his old friend William Ross, the firm opened a
branch in Montreal. This was the commencement of the present Montreal
firm. The business was now assuming large trading proportions with Great '
Britain, the United States, China, Japan, the West Indies and other foreign
countries ; nevertheless it soon began to confine itself more strictly to ocean
shipping. The firm became agents and part owners of the Thomson and Donald-
son lines. When the story of the growth of Canada's shipping comes to be
written the name of Robert Reford will loom up largely on its pages. Mr.
Dillon severed his connection with Mr. Reford in the shipping business in 1897
and it was then that the present company, the Robert Reford Co., Ltd., was
incorporated, with very extensive steamship services of six different lines to
many of the world's principal ports and with branch offices established in
Quebec, Toronto, St. John, New Brunswick, and Portland, Maine. Canada
owes not a little to Mr. Reford for contributing so materially to the opening
up of new markets for her produce along the east coast of Great Britain, and
also for the building up of further valuable trade connections by giving direct
shipping comnumication between Canada and the Mediterranean ports. Every
aspect of the carrying trade had been studied by him with that thoroughness
and regard for detail which characterized the man in everything he undertook.
His opinions and advice on shipping and on transportation generally were appre-

138 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ciated as those of an expert, and sought after by people from all over the
Dominion.

Apart from his shipping enterprises, which remained the main issue of
his commercial life, the most important of his other business activities was his
interest in the Mount Royal Milling and Manufacturing Company. Mr. Reford
founded the company in 1882 for the milling of rice, with mills in Montreal
and \'ictoria, British Columbia, and acted as its president up to the time of
his death. He was also president for many years of the Charlemagne & Lac
Ouareau Lumber Company, president of the York Lumber Company, presi-
dent of the Crown Trust Company and vice president of the Labrador Com-
pany; and a director of the Bank of Toronto, of the Lake of the Woods
Milling Company and of the Baton Manufacturing Company.

From 190 1 to 1905 Air. Reford was a member of the Montreal Board of
Harbour Commissioners and in 1903 was a delegate to the fifth congress of the
Chambers of Commerce of the Empire, but no doubt his chief public service
was rendered first as a member and then as chairman of the Royal Commis-
sion on Transportation. 1904-1905. The work involved in this important com-
mission necessitated its members visiting every Canadian port, from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, with a view to recommending all possible desirable improvements
for the increase of and facilitating the transportation trade appertaining to the
Dominion, both ocean and inland. The commission sent in an- exhaustive report
to the government in December, 1905, based on very thorough personal obser-
vations and study, together with the result of carefully gathered evidence of
those residents in the difi^erent sections of Canada who were best fitted to judge.
It strongly advocated the building of the Georgian Bay canal and the forma-
tion of national ports on the Atlantic and Pacific, the St. Lawrence and the
Great Lakes. Further, it was urged that there should be a fast all-round-the-
world British steamship service which would bind together more closely all
portions of the empire, by taking advantage of the shorter ocean route which
services between Canada and Europe, via Great Britain on the east, and Asia
and the Orient on the west, could offer, if Halifa.x and Galway were used as
the termini for the Atlantic coasts. Mr. Reford's work on this commission was
stupendous, but none of it was done in the light of the public eye. Few
knew of the great personal sacrifices which it demanded and which were
willingly made by this man of then seventy-four years. In fact all his life Mr.
Reford avoided rather than sought any kind of prominence or recognition.

Many of Montreal's educational and charitable institutions looked to him
for guidance and help and whether the requests came to him for his advice, or
for financial support, provided he was in sympathy with the object, to either
his response was equally ready and generous. He was a governor of McGill
L'niversity and was the first to respond to an appeal for aid by donating fifty
thousand dollars towards a fund for the increase of salaries of the professional
staff. In 191 1 when the cam])aign for the general funds of the university
was made, it found in him one of its leading spirits and most ardent supporters.
Again he gave proof of his faith in the higher education of men's minds as
being an asset of immeasurable national value and set the inspiring example
of a one hundred thousand dollars contribution.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 139

Could we mention all the hospitals, homes for the aged poor and for little
children, and in fact every kind of philanthropic institution which knew and
enjoyed his generous help, the list would indeed be a long one and few such
in Montreal omitted from it. Some ' of his largest donations were to the
Montreal General Hosi)ital of which he was a life governor and to which in
recent years he gave thirty-five thousand dollars; to the Young Men's Christian
Association he gave ten thousand dollars, and a like sum to the Diocesan
Theological College.

In manner the late Robert Reford was somewhat abrupt but this arose
inirely from that eagerness and energy which every move of the body seemed
to betray, and not from any unkindly feeling. He was an exceptionally clear
thinker, his mind worked with precision; his plans were made and carried
out with imvarying promptitude and method which perhaps supply the key
to his amazing capacity for the accomplishment of work. Self indulgence knew
no place with him and to the end he adhered to his stern habits of life, grant-
ing himself but little respite and no holidays. From the age of twenty-two
when he was made captain of No. 4 Company in the Queen's Own Rifles his inter-
est in civic affairs never waned. He fought untiringly for reforms, often with a
lack of support which would have discouraged most men, but this North of
Ireland man was not of such stufif. He was of the kind which the hand of
Providence seems to have scattered far from their native shores, over the face
of the British Empire to give it that salt, without which it could have no
savor.

Mr. Reford was twice married ; first to Miss Margaret McCord, daughter
of A. T. McCord, chamberlain and treasurer of the city of Toronto, who died
within a year after the marriage. In 1866 he married Miss Katherine S. Drum-
mond, daughter of Andrew Drummond of Stirling, Scotland. Mrs. Reford
survives him, as do five of his children, they being: Robert Wilson Reford,
president of the Robert Reford Co., Ltd.; A. D. Reford; L. L. Reford, M. D. ;
Mrs. H. B. .MacDougall; and ]\Iiss Kate Reford.

Mr. Reford was a member of St. George's church and a stanch believer
in the power of the church to be a light unto the lives of men. In all things
he acted as he believed and so the community is bereft of a personality of
strength, of courage and of truth.

MORRIS STANSFELD BLAIKLOCK.

Morris Stansfeld Blaiklock entered the service of the Grand Trunk Railway
over thirty years ago and since 1907 has held the position of engineer of main-
tenance and survey in connection with this road. He is a son of the late Fred-
erick William Blaiklock. who died in 1900, and Elizabeth (Whittaker) Blaiklock,
who died in 1889. The father was public land surveyor and head of the Cadas-
tral Bureau of Montreal. The family has long been prominent in engineering
circles, the grandfather of our subject. Captain Blaiklock, having been one of the
Royal Engineers. A brother of our subject was the late Major W. F. Blaiklock,
of the Royal Scots. The family is of English origin.

140 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Morris S. Blaiklock was born in the city of Quebec on the 19th of July, 1859.
He pursued his early education in a private school in Quebec and upon the
removal of the parents to Montreal in 1870 attended the high school in this city,
rounding out his course by receiving private tuition. He then studied architecture
for three years and in 1879 entered the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway as
assistant engineer, remaining in that position until 1889, when he became resident
engineer for the St. Clair Tunnel Company in connection with the same road,
holding this office until 1892. In that year he was promoted to the position of
inspector, continuing as such until 1897, when he became engineer of the eastern
division of the Grand Trunk Railway. In 1902 he was appointed superintendent
of the eastern division and in 1907 engineer of maintenance and survey for the
system. He has held this latter office ever since. He is one of the foremost men
in his line, basing his success upon native ability, a vast experience and executive
force of rare quality.

On November 12, 1889, Mr. Blaiklock married Miss Mary Elizabeth Tunstall,
eldest daughter of the late Gabriel C. Tunstall, of Ste. Anne de Bellevue, province
of Quebec. Mr. and Mrs. Blaiklock have two children, Jessie B. and Stansfeld.
The family residence is at No. 405 Mackay street, Montreal. Mr. Blaiklock is
a member of the Church of St. James the Apostle (Episcopalian). Politically
he is an independent conservative.

' ALEXANDER MICHAUD.

Progressive citizenship in the twentieth century finds a prominent exemplar
in Alexander Michaud, mayor of the city of Alaisonneuve, who is an active
factor in public affairs and business life of the city. His clear insight, his
keen sagacity and his public spirit have made his influence a potent factor in
bringing about not only Canada's commercial progress, but also her moral uplift.
He might be termed a practical idealist, for, while he strives for the better-
ment of many civic and commercial conditions, the methods which he employs
take cognizance of present day situations and opportunities and present none
of the impractical views of the dreamer. In a word, he is a man of action
rather than of theory.

Mr. Michaud is a representative of one of the old French families of
Quebec, while the maternal line is of an unadulterated Irish strain. He was
born January 27, 1868, at Back River, Quebec, a son of J. B. and Norah (Con-
nolly) Michaud. His education was acquired at the Christian Brothers school
and in the Plateau Academy of Montreal. In 1881 he entered the employ of
his father, who was a well known miller and flour merchant, remaining with
him until 1885. During that period Alexander Michaud, while acting prin-
cipally in a clerical capacity, also acquired a good general knowledge of the
business in its various departments. In 1885 he accepted a position with .\. L.
Hurtubise & Company, grain merchants of Montreal, with whom he remained
for several years in the capacity of bookkeeper and confidential clerk. His
ability gained him recognition, followed by promotion, and at the time he
resigned his position in that house he was manager of the business.

I

ALEXANDER MICHAUD

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 143

It was then that Mr. Michaiid organized the firm of AJichaud Brothers
& Company, which soon took a foremost position among the leading wholesale
grain and export firms of 'Montreal. Its existence covered a period of about
fifteen years and an extensive business was conducted, constituting another
forward step in the career of Alexander Michaud. However, recognizing
the fact that the field of real-estate activity and land speculation in Montreal
afforded great opportunity for profitable investment, he withdrew from active
connection with the grain trade and entered the real-estate business. It is
unusual for a man who has been so long identified with one line of business
to make so radical a change, but the subsequent success of Mr. Michaud is
indicative of his splendid business foresight and capability. The success that
he has achieved in the real-estate business has been substantial, is well deserved
and represents methods that have lent dignity to the undertaking. There are
few, if any, who have more intimate or comprehensive knowledge of realty
values or wliose judgment is more to be relied upon and these facts have
served to bring him an extensive and desirable clientage.

In connection with his public career a Montreal paper has said: "Perhaps
the field in which Mr. Michaud was best known to the citizens of Montreal
is political. He was an alderman and was president of the finance committee
of Maisonneuve from 1905 to 1909 and was elected mayor by acclamation three
times in succession. During this time Maisonneuve has made those wonderful
strides in growth which have been the admiration of the entire country and
have placed herself on a footing which is attracting the attention of the entire
world. The part played in this great advance in manufacturing and com-
merce by the city is not a little due to the energy and foresight of her mayor,
who has brought his business acumen and farsighted commercial judgment
into play in running the civic side of affairs, the same as he did as a merchant
or miller. Mr. Michaud prefers to talk about Maisonneuve rather than about
himself, about the opportunities there are there for capital, the splendid loca-
tions for factories and the many other inducements which have made the city
one of the leaders in commercial advancement during the past five years. It is
an interesting subject and more Aladdinlike than Africa diamond mines or
the gold strewn coasts of Alaska." It may be mentioned here that Maison-
neuve, though surrounded by the city of Alontreal, is an entirely separate city,
having its own autonomy..

Perhaps the most unique point in Mr. Midland's public career is its cause.
Like many other men who had been similarly attracted to that locality, Mr.
Michaud took up his residence in Maisonneuve but with neither time nor inclina-
tion for public office. The city at that period had a population of seven thou-
sand. Twenty-four liquor licenses had been issued and the town, in modern
parlance, was "wide open." It was a great rendezvous for hundreds of people
from Montreal who would go down there on Sundays, the open saloons serving
as a great attraction. This disregard of the law and the undesirable notoriety
it gave the town aroused the indignation of the better class of citizens, who,
however, were powerless, owing to the inactivity of those who were in charge
of the city government. Mr. Michaud was one who set about to bring order
out of chaos and while his first article in the local papers attracted attention,
his second and subsequent ones certainly aroused the opposition of the lawless

14-t HISTORY OF MONTREAL

element whose arrogance had so long held sway. Personal violence was threat-
ened Mr. Michaud and his residence was attacked by a mob that broke every
window within reach. Missiles of every description were hurled inside. This
cowardly attack instead of intimidating Mr. Michaud, only spurred him on to
further action and showed that the Irish blood in him could mean fight — not
fight in the brutal sense of the mob but with that courage that comes of honest
conviction combined with fearlessness. In the face of such bitter opposition
Mr. Michaud became a candidate for alderman, was elected and wielded such
an influence in favor of good government and progress that from the time
he entered politics to the present he has made a most creditable record. No
citizen of Maisonneuve has worked so incessantly or taken greater pride in what
has been accomplished. That city today, with forty thousand population, con-
tains but nineteen licensed saloons, all conducted under strict observance of
the law. He is, indeed, a resourceful man and in the management of public
affairs displays the same spirit of careful watchfulness and wise control that he
does in conducting his private interests. He was named by the provincial
government a member of the Metropolitan Parks commission of IMontreal, of
which body Sir William Van Home is president.

In 1909 Mr. Michaud was the chief factor in the organization of the Domin-
ion Light, Heat & Power Company and during the two years of its successful
operation, before being absorbed by the Montreal Public Service Corpora-
tion, he was prominently connected with its management. He is a man but
little past middle age and his whole capital when starting in life was energy
and ambition, yet he has been highly successful, not only in the way of win-
ning prosperity, Imt also in valuable service to the city and province. He
gets much out of life in comfort and pleasure and has never lived solely to
accumulate wealth, but has ever been a lover of nature and of outdoor life and
it is only severe weather that prevents him from enjoying the four and a half
mile walk daily from his office to his home. In the latter his greatest interest
centers and he is always hapjiiest when in the company of his family. Mr.
Michaud was married February 21, 1898, to Miss Marie \'irolle and to them
have been born four children: Margaret, Paul, Germaine and Alexander. Mr.
•Michaud is an indulgent father and the comrade of his children. For a num-
ber of years he has spent the summers with his family at Old Orchard, Maine.

JOHN MILNE BROWNING.

In the later vears of his life John AlihiL- Urowning Ii\ed retired in Montreal.
He was of Scotch birth, a native of Edinburgh, Ixirn in June, 1826. His father,
Matthew Llrowning, died when the son was a young man and the latter, who had
been educated in the schools of his native country, came to Canada in 1852, when
twenty-six years of age. He loc.-ited at I'leanlL-irnois, where he continued until
'^^73 and then removed to Montreal, where he resided tin-ough the succeeding
fifteen years. In 1888 he went to ISritish Columbia, where he lived for eleven
years, but on the expiration of that period returned to Montreal, where lie spent
his remaining days in well earned and honcirable retirement from business. He

HISTORY OF MONTREAL . 145

had been a land commissioner and was also connected with the Canadian Pacific
Railway Townsite Company. He displayed excellent business ability in that
connection and handled important realty interests.

In 1855 •^■'- IJrowning was united in marriage to Miss Magdeline H. Norval,
born in 1833, •" lieauharnois, Quebec, a daughter of R. H. Norval, who came
from Edinburgh when twenty-one years of age and remained thereafter a resi-
dent of Canada until his death in 1856. His daughter, Mrs. Browning, has seen
Montreal develop from a comparatively small place into a wonderful city, being
ever an interested witness of the changes which have occurred. It was on tiie
20th of December. igo6, that Mr. Browning was called from this life and his
loss was mourned in the various localities where he was well and favorably
known. He was a member of a number of clubs and won popularity in those
organizations. His public spirit found tangible expression in many ways and his
religious faith was evidenced in his membership in the Crescent Street Presby-
terian church. His life was honorable and upright at all times and he left behind
him an untarnished name.

JAMES POWER CLEGHORN.

Prominent for many years among the merchants of Montreal was James
Power Cleghorn and etjually well was he known through his support of charitable
and philanthropic projects and his cooperation in affairs of public benefit. He
was born in Montreal, October 31, 1830, and his life record covered the interven-
ing years to the 14th of December, 191 1, when he passed away. He was a son
of Robert Cleghorn, who came to Montreal at a very early day. The latter
married Miss Eliza Power, a native of Sorel, i^rovince of Quebec, and whose
father was connected with the commissary department of the army. Their family
numbered ten children. Robert Cleghorn was a public-spirited citizen and a man
of domestic tastes, and the influences of a home of culture and refinement left
their impress upon the life of James Power Cleghorn, who with the passing
years rose to prominence along the different lines in which he e.xerted his activities.

He was educated at Howden & Taggart's Academy and entered commercial
circles as junior clerk in the mercantile house of J. G. Mackenzie & Company
of Montreal in 1853. In that establishment he gradually worked his way upward
until admitted to partnership in 1864, after which he had largely control of the
business, which was extensive in proportion and which ranked with the oldest
mercantile liouses of the city. Mr. Cleghorn, however, did not confine his
efforts entirely to one line. In fact he became recognized as a power in other
business connections, both commercial and financial, and was elected to the direc-
torate of the Intercolonial Coal Company, the Sun Life Assurance Company of
Canada, the Merchants & Manufacturers Association, the Canada Accident Com-
pany and Molson'i Bank. He served as president of the Board of Trade and it
was during his incumbency of the office that the site for the present building was
selected. He was also a trustee of the Mount Royal Cemetery Association and the
president of the Intercolonial Coal Company. His cooperation was likewise
sought in behalf of those institutions where humanitarian principles must com-

146 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

bine with executive ability in successful management. He was made a governor
of the Montreal General Hospital, of the Montreal Hospital for the Insane and
the Montreal Dispensary. An active member in the Church of England, he
served as a delegate to the synod and cooperated in its work along many helpful
lines. In politics he was a conservative and he stood ever for the welfare of the
people.

On the 14th of February, 1S65, Mr. Cleghorn was married to Miss Anna
Spalding, of Port Hope, Ontario, who was born in Peterboro, Ontario. Five chil-
dren were born to them: George S., connected with the W. R. Brock Company,
Limited; C. Power, a general insurance broker, who married Florence Fech-
heimer, of New York, and to whom have been born two children, James Power
and Helen Power; Emily C. ; Helen G., who died at the age of thirteen years; and
James Herbert, whose death occurred when he was eighteen years of age.

The family residence is at No. 256 Bishop street, and their summer home,
"Blinkbonny" is situated at Como in the province of Quebec. The death of Mr.
Cleghorn left a gap in those circles where he had moved as a central figure. In
business and social relations and in his connection with humanitarian interests
he had established himself in an enviable position by reason of personal worth
and capability, and his name is inscribed high on the list of Montreal's valued
citizens.

GEORGE WASHINGTON STEPHENS.

If one w-ould seek a fitting poetical phrase to express the life work of the
Hon. George Washington Stephens these lines might well be chosen :
"He leaves a patriot's name to after times
Linked with a thousand virtues and no crimes."

For an extended period he was in public life, and whether connected with
miuiicipal, professional, or national affairs was always the same public-spirited,
progressive citizen, ever seeking the welfare of the constituency which he rep-
resented. He was born in Montreal in 1832, the second son of Harrison and
Sarah (Jackson) Stephens. The father removed from the state of Vermont
to Montreal in 1828 and for years was a leading merchant of the city.

George W. Stephens was educated at high school, afterward entering busi-
ness circles. He became identified with the firm of Law Young & Company, but
after a time determined to enter upon jirofessional activities, and with this end in
view took up the studv of law. following a law course at McGill University,
which conferred upon him the B. C. L. degree. Called to the bar in 1863, he at
once entered upon active practice and for some time was a partner of the late
John A. Perkins, an eminent barrister of Montreal. Mr. Stephens per-
sonally conducted the catise celebre of Connolly versus Woolrych, which he
brought to a successful conclusion. The case was a notable one, awakening
widespread interest among the legal fraternity and establishing the validity of
an Indian marriage, celebrated according to the custom of the tribe.

After a number of years devoted to successful law practice. Air. Stephens
was obliged to abandon the profession in order to assume the management

HOX. (il':()K(;E \V. STKPHICXS

HISTORY OF MONTRKAI. 149

of his father's estate, and proved himself e(|ually capal^le, sagacious, farsighted
and enterprising in that connection. His al)iHty and his devotion to the gen-
eral welfare led to his selection again and again for public office, in 1868 he
was elected alderman of Montreal and for seventeen consecutive years remained
a member of the city council, during which period he served on several occa-
sions as acting mayor. He did much during that period toward shaping the
policy of city affairs and upholding those interests which are a matter of civic
virtue and civic pride. In fact he became distinguished for his constant opposi-
tion to wrong-doing and dishonesty, and his stalwart support of a prudent and
economical progressive administration. From the time that age conferred upon
him the right of franchise he advocated the principles of the liberal party and
upon its ticket was elected to the provincial legislature, representing Mon-
treal Centre in the Quebec assembly from 1881 until 1886, and so earnestly and
faithfully guarded the public interests as to earn the title "watch dog." At the
general election of 1892 he was returned for Huntingdon and was reelected
at the general election in 1897. On the formation of the Marchand adminis-
tration in May of the latter year he was called into the cabinet, without port-
folio. He was the organizer of the Good Government Association of Montreal
and in January, 1897, received the thanks. of that body for his "vigorous efforts
and judicious action" in the Quebec assembly in reference to certain local
measures. In 1896 he promoted a measure prohibiting indecent play bills and
posters being displayed on the public streets. No one ever questioned the
honesty and virtue of his position and his belief. Though others may have
differed from him in policy they recognized the patriotic spirit which actuated
him in all his public service, and none was more earnest in opposition to mis-
rule in public affairs.

Aside from his active work in the assembly, Air. Stephens utilized many
other opportunities for advancing public progress and improvement. He was
at one time a member of the council of the Montreal Board of Trade, was
president of the Mercantile Library Association and president of the Citizens
Gas Company. He was also a governor of the Alontreal General Hospital
and of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane. His cooperation could ever
be counted upon in support of any measure or plan to ameliorate the hard con-
ditions of life for the unfortunate and, as a member of the Unitarian church,
he took an active interest, in all good works done in the name of charity or
religion.

Mr. Stephens married first in 1865, Elizabeth Mary Macintosh and afterward
in 1878, Frances Ramsay Macintosh, daughter of Nicholas Carnegie Macintosh,
of Edinburgh, Scotland. For many years Mrs. Stephens was president of the
Decorative Art Association of Montreal and a recognized leader in social circles.
She has accomplished work of far-reaching importances and benefit in connection
with the Woman's Immigrant Society : the Soldiers' Wives League, which was
organized during the South African war; the Maternity Hospital, and the
Montreal Cooking School. In religious faith she is a Unitarian and in more
strictly social lines is connected with the Canadian Woman's Club, the Ladies
Morning Musical Club and the Royal Montreal Ladies Golf Club. The chil-
dren are two sons and two daughters : Major G. W. and F. C. Stephens ; and
Mrs. J. Wedderburn Wilson and Mrs. A. Hamilton Gault.

150 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Stephens was devoted to his family and ever held friendship inviolable.
He belonged to both the St. James and Union Clubs and his military experience
covered service as a cavalry major until he was placed on the retired list, his
connection being with the Montreal Rifle Rangers. One of the leading news-
papers styled him "a liberal of the old school, fearless and brave." The same
qualities characterized him throughout his entire life in every relation, and
many who were his associates and contemporaries felt at his passing, which
occurred at his country residence, Lac a I'eau Claire, in 1904, that,
"He was a man. Take him for all in all
I shall not look upon his like again."

MAJOR VICTOR E\'ELYN MITCHELL.

Public opinion accords Major \ictor Evelyn Mitchell a position of leadership
among the members of the Montreal bar, not only because of his extensive prac-
tice and the ability displayed therein, but also because of his contribution to the
literature of the profession. His military record also gives him right to public
recognition. A native of London, England, he was born October 17, 1865, and is
of English lineage, his father having been James Mitchell, of 'London, England.
In the attainment of his education he attended the City of London school and
afterward McGill University, where he won his B. C. L. degree and valedictorian
honors in 1896. The same year he began practice as an advocate in Montreal
with the late R. D. McGibbon, K. C. He had been a resident of Canada for eight
years, and thus it was that his preparation for the bar was pursued in McGill.
The ability which he has displayed in practice is indicated by the fact that he
was created K. C. in 1909. He is now a member of the Arm of McGibbon, Cas-
grain, Mitchell & Casgrain and devotes himself to corporation and commercial
law. He published the first English edition of the The Code of Civil Procedure
and in conjunction with J. L. Perron, K. C., brought out an Insolvency Manual.
He is not unknown in the educational field, having lectured on The Legal Aspects
of Trade Unionism and on Warranties and Representations re Contract of Life
Insurance. All this establishes his position as a lawyer well \ersed in his pro-
fession and capable in handling intricate and involved legal problems. He is also
a well known publicist : his letters to the Montreal Star on the naval question
created great interest and showed a thorough knowledge and study of the subject.

Aside from his professional interests Major Mitchell has become known in
business circles and in connection with projects of a public or semi-])ublic char-
acter. He is a director of Penman's, Ltd. ; the Canadian Consolidated Rubber
Company ; Ames, Holden, McCready, Ltd. ; the Canadian Consolidated Felt
Company, Ltd. ; the Charlemagne & Lac Quarreau Lumber Company, Ltd. ; and
many other commercial companies. He is also a director of the Laurentian
Sanitarium and a governor of the Montreal General Ilosjiital and the Western
Hospital.

For some years Major Mitchell was connected with the volunteer military
service, joining the .Sixth Fusiliers in iS8<), and when that regiment amalgamated.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 151

with the Mrst E'rince of Wales Ritles in 1898 he became senior major in that
corps. In 1900 he was placed on the list of retired officers.

Major Mitchell was married in 191 1 to Miss Sarah Proul.x, and they reside
at No. 2>77 f^^' street. Major Mitchell holds membership with the Anglican
church and is well known in club circles, belonging to the St. James, Canada
and University Chiljs, the Royal St. Lawrence Yaciit Club, the Montreal Jockey
Club, Outremont Golf Club, Royal Montreal Golf Club, the Manitou Club of
Montreal, the Railnjad Club and the Alpha Delta Phi Club of New York and the
United Empire Club of London, England.

WALTER HARDMAN ARDLEY.

A well known figure in railroad circles of Montreal is Walter Hardman
Ardley, who since 1913 has acted as general auditor of the Grand Trunk Rail-
way system and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. A native of London, England,
he was born April 24, 1858, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Dunton)
Ardley, the former of whom passed away during the early childhood of his
son Walter and the latter in 1896.

Mr. Ardley was educated in the City of London College and made his advent
in the business world as an apprentice in a London ofifice. Pie came to Canada in
November, 1882, entering the service of the Grand Trunk Railway, in the chief
accountant's office, on November 5, 1882. Steadiness of purpose, faithfulness
and diligence won him advancement. On December 31, 1907, he was made chief
clerk and general bookkeeper and so continued until August 31, 1908, when he
became auditor of disbursements. He held this office until September 30, 1908,
when he became assistant general auditor, and in 1909 he was made general
auditor of the Grand Trunk Railway system and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.
Mr. Ardley stands high in the estimation of the officers of the road on account
of the efficient management of his department.

On December 12, 1889, Mr. Ardley married Miss Tamar Jane Phillips, a
daughter of Henry Phillips, of Upway, England. He is independent politically
and a member of the Church of England.

REV. HERBERT SYMONDS.

A man who has made his zeal and commanding ability the basis of an im-
portant work not only in the cause of religion but in the public service along
lines of charity and reform is Rev. Herbert Symonds, since 1903 vicar of Christ
Church Cathedral, Montreal. He is a prominent orator and preacher, an able
writer and an untiring worker for the promotion of religious and social advance-
inent and is regarded as one of the vital forces in the spread of movements looking
toward Christian unity. He was born in Rickinghall-Inferior, Suflfolk, Eng-
land, December 28, i860, and is a son of George and Hannah (Wright) Symonds.
He studied in Framlingham College in England and in Trinity L'niversity,

152 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Toronto, Ontario, from which he was graduated with the degree of B. A. in 1885,
receiving the degree of Al. A. and the prize for an EngHsh essay and sermon
in 1887. He holds the honorary degree of D. D., given him by Queen's Uni-
versity in 1901, and the honorary degree of LL. D., conferred upon him by
McGill University in 1910.

Rev. Herbert Symonds came to Canada in 1881 and four years later was
ordained deacon in the Anghcan church. He received orders as a priest in 1887
and from that year to 1890 was a fellow and lecturer in Trinity University in
Toronto. The next two years he spent as professor of divinity in the same nisti-
tution and in 1892 was made rector of St. Luke's church in Ashburnham,
Ontario. He resumed his work as an educator in the year 1901, being made head-
master of Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario, serving in that capacity
from 1901 to 1903. In the latter year he was transferred to Montreal and made
vicar of Christ Church Cathedral in this city, and he has since held the position,
which afTords him an excellent scope for his talents and abilities and in which
his work has carried him forward into important relations with Anglican aiifairs.
He was president of the ]\Iontreal Protestant Ministerial Association in 1905,
first president of the Canadian Society of Christian Unity and in 1910 a dele-
gate to the World's Missionary Congress, held in Edinburgh, and the Anglican
Church Congress, held in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Mr. Symonds married, in March, 1883, Miss Emma Blackall, fourth daugh-
ter of the late Mossom Boyd, of Bobcaygeon, Ontario, and both are well known
in social circles of Montreal. Since 1907 Mr. Symonds has served as Protestant
school commissioner and he is well known in military circles, having been from
1896 to 1907 chaplain of the Third Prince of Wales Canadian Dragoons and
since that time chaplain, with the honorary rank of major, of the First Regiment,
Prince of Wales Fusiliers. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and is a
past grand chaplain of the grand lodge of Quebec. A writer of great force and
power, he has made many contributions to The Week and Expository Times of
England and other papers and is the author of articles on Trinity LTniversity and
University Federation, published in 1894, on Christian Unity, published in 1899,
and The Anglican Church and the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession, 1907. He
is regarded as one of the ablest preachers in the Anglican pulpit at the present
time and has made this talent also a force in the accomplishment of a great
and lasting work.

HENRY HOGAN.

Very few if any men in Montreal were any better known in their respec-
tive lines of business than was Henry Hogan, in coimection with the hotel busi-
ness. He occupied a position among his contemporaries that made him a unique
personage. The story of his life is best told by the history of the hostelry,
St. Lawrence Hall, that his name had made famous and over which he had
charge for upwards of a half century. Mr. llogan was born at La Tortue, near
Laprairie, on the 12th of .April, 1S20, and was a son of Nicholas Hogan, who
served in the British army in the Peninsular war and at Waterloo under the

HENRY HOGAN

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 155

Duke of Wellington. He was engaged in the woolen manufacturing business
in Manchester, England, and upon coming to Canada established a mill at
La Tortue. He met his death from drowning, the result of the giving way
of the rail on a boat, which precipitated him into the St. Lawrence river. He
was survived by a widow and several children.

Henry Hogan was but a boy when he came to .Montreal and his early
training in a business way began in the line of business of which he made
such a great success in later life, the hotel business. In 185 1 he became pro-
prietor of what was then called the Hogan Hotel, in which enterprise he was
in partnership with Messrs. Borden and Conipaine, but both men retired early,
being succeeded in the firm by Frederick Penn, who remained a partner with
Mr. Hogan until 1869. After that time the latter was alone as sole proprietor
of St. Lawrence Hall. In 1856 he was one of the prominent factors in the
grand banquet given by the citizens in the Hall to mark the opening of the
Grand Trunk Railway, on which occasion many distinguished citizens were
his guests. In i860 he entertained the members of the suite of the Prince of
Wales, later His Majesty, King Edward \T1. In those days Mr. Hogan enter-
tained many people of title and prominence. The story of this hotel has its
own connection with the history of Canada, for under the roof of St. Lawrence
Hall there occurred many things that led to the present-day development of the
Dominion. Here Mr. John A. Macdonald, later the great Sir John, met his
sturdy opponent, Mr. George Brown, and exchanged views on the best means of
uniting the scattered provinces. From this beginning confederation was
achieved and Mr. Hogan performed his share in these events and at all times
faithfully carried out the duties of citizenship. St. Lawrence. Hall was for
many years the best known hotel in Canada and one of the best known on the
continent. Princes of the royal blood, soldiers and statesmen, political refugees,
artists and poets, stars of the operatic and dramatic stage partook of its hos-
pitality and their names recall events of bygone days. The opening of Victoria
bridge brought many notables to the Hall, and during the progress of the' Civil
war in the United States the clank of the sword was heard at St. Lawrence
Hall, which became the headquarters for the Confederate representatives and
southern refugees. Jefferson Davis and John Wilkes Booth were guests of
the Hall, and during the Trent affair it was the headquarters of the officers.
During the trial of John Surratt, the register of the Hall was taken to Washing-
ton and has never been returned. After the Civil war. General Sherman, of
the Union army, and also one of the most prominent Confederate generals
visited Montreal and were entertained by Mr. Hogan, as was Henry Ward
Beecher and other distinguished Americans. The banquets held at St. Law-
rence Hall were noted affairs, the place being the scene of many brilliant social
gatherings.

The ancestral records of the Hogan family included the names of many
prominent in military circles and Henry Hogan also took a deep interest in these
affairs, being for years commanding officer of the Montreal Field Battery, of
which he was lieutenant in 1855, afterwards became colonel and assumed com-
mand, retiring with that rank in 1866. Mr. Hogan had been connected with
numerous business enterprises aside from his hotel interests. He always had
implicit confidence in the future of Montreal and made investments that proved

156 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

highly profitable. His business ability won him success and prominence in his
chosen field and his capability, tact and resourcefulness made him an ideal host,
whether entertaining a little private gathering of friends or a large concourse of
notable and eminent citizens at a banquet. In religious belief he was a Unitarian.
His death occurred October 9, 1902, and he was survived by a widow, two sons,
Henry H. and Lawrence H., and also two daughters: Anna W., now the
widow of Major Low, of the British army ; and Marion E., who died unmarried.

MARTIN ^MONTGOMERY REYNOLDS.

Martin Montgomery Reynolds enjoyed the reputation of being one of the
foremost experts in railroad accounting and finance. He had thirty years of
experience along that line and was connected with roads in the United States
and Mexico until he came to Canada in 1908 as fifth vice president of the Grand
Trunk Railway and third vice president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.
At his death, which occurred June 17, 1914, he held the position of vice president
in charge of the financial and accounting departments.

Martin M. Reynolds was born in Syracuse, New York, and educated there.
His first notable position in the railroad world was that of auditor of the Mexican
National Railroad, which office he held until 1892. He then went to Vermont as
general auditor of the Central \'ermont Railroad, which office he held until 1896.
From 1896 to 1899 he was auditor for the receivers of this road, and from 1899
to 1902 auditor for its successor, the Central Vermont Railway. From 1902 to
1904 he was comptroller of the National Railway of Mexico and in 1904 accepted
in addition to this office the comptrollership of the Mexican International Rail-
way and the Interoceanic Railway of Mexico, continuing in this office until 1908.
In that year he came to Montreal as fifth vice president of the Grand Trunk
Railway and third vice president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, and in 1910
was promoted to the third vice presidency of the Grand Trunk. From 191 1
Mr. Reynolds was vice president in charge of the financial and accounting
departments of the Grand Trunk and Grand Trunk Pacific and aftiliated lines.
His office was one of the most important in the service. ]Mr. Reynolds was also
a director of the Canadian Express Company.

In 1894 Martin M. Reynolds was united in marriage to Miss Flora Livingstone
and they resided at the Linton apartments, Montreal. Although he was in
Montreal only a few years he quickly became imljued with the Canadian spirit
and his aims and interests became thoroughly Canadian.

CHARLES A. BRIGGS.

Charles A. Briggs was an active business man of Montreal, well known and
respected. He conducted a retail fur store under his name on Notre Dame street,
and careful management and wise direction of his interests wrought the sub-
stantial success which eventually came to him. A native of Montreal, he was

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 157

born October 3, 1839, a son of Russell Briggs, who came to this city from Ver-
mont and here sjient his remaining days. Charles A. llriggs was indebted
to the public-school system of Montreal for the educational opportunities he
enjoyed. In early life he acquainted himself with the fur business and eventu-
ally became proprietor of a retail fur store on Xotre Dame street. He closely
applied himself to the conduct of the business and his able management and
reliable methods were strong elements in his growing success.

In 1S62 Mr. Briggs was united in marriage to Sarah S., a daughter of Mans-
field Holland, who in early life came from Maine to Montreal and was actively
identified with the infant industrial development of the city, building the firsi
rolling mill here and also a nail and spike factory, making the first railroad spike
manufactured in Canada. His plant was located on Mill street and there he
continued actively and successfully in business throughout the remaiixler of his
days, his death occurring in 1883. He was then seventy-four years of age, his
birth having occurred in 1809. He was twenty years of age when he arrived in
Montreal in 1829, becoming a most active factor in its business circles, for, with
the growth of his enterprise, he employed many men. His wife was in her
m.iidenhood Miss Gould and by their marriage they became the parents of twelve
children. Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Briggs became the parents of seven children :
Charles Russell ; Celia ; Florence ; Edwin ; Dr. George Nixon ; Henry, who died
young; and Ethel.

Air. Briggs held membership in St. James Cathedral, to the support of which
he made generous contribution. He stood stanchly in support of many of those
factors which work for the betterment of the individual and for the community
and at the same time he conducted a successful business indicative of his ability
and his enterprise.

JOHN A. PILLOW.

Standing deservedly high in the respect of all who knew him, John A. Pillow
was regarded as a progressive business man and valuable citizen of Montreal,
of which city he was a native. He was educated in the public schools and for
many years ranked as one of Montreal's oldest and best known manufacturers.
In his business career he made advancement step by step, gaining thus a broader
outlook and wider opportunity. He made wise use of the advantages that came
to him and eventually reached a position of prominence in manufacturing circles.
It was in the late '60s that he succeeded to the rolling mill business of T. D. Bige-
low & Company, which was one of the oldest establishments of the city, having
been founded for a century. Forming a partnership with Randolph Hersey, he
continued the business under the firm name of Pillow & Hersey. Later this was
converted into a stock companv and Mr. Pillow was elected to the presidency. He
stood deservedly high in the regard of his contemporaries in commercial circles.
Business men knew him as one whose word was thoroughly reliable, who met
every obligation and kejH every engagement, and the record which he thus made
was one which any might envy. He was very thorough and competent in all

158 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

that he did, neglecting no details and at the same time developing his interests
along the broad lines characteristic of business enterprise at the present day.
Mr. Pillow was united in marriage to Annie Elizabeth Hillyer, and their sur-
viving children are two sons, Laurence B. and Howard W. He was a man of
domestic tastes, devoted to the welfare of his family and finding his greatest
happiness in promoting their interests. He rejoiced in his prosperity not merely
from the standpoint of success but because of the opportunity which it gave him
to provide liberally for his family and to give generously to the poor and needy.
He attended the American Presbyterian church and in his life exemplified his
Christian faith. He was much interested in the welfare of his native city, coop-
erating in many movements that have promoted its interests along various lines.
He belonged to the Board of Trade and his social nature found expression in
his membership in St. James Club, the Forest and Stream Club and the Man-
hattan Club of New York. Death called him February i6, 1902. He had
remained a lifelong resident of his native city and his worth was widely recog-
nized by those who had been his associates in business and by those who met him
in social relations.

JAMES ELLIOT.

James Elliot, for more than half a century one of the best known bankers
of Montreal, was born June 2, 1840, in this city, and was the eldest son of the
late Andrew and Sarah ( PuUan) Elliot. The father was a native of Northumber-
land, England, and following his arrival in Montreal in 1832 became a well known
contractor of the city.

After acquiring a thorough education in the Montreal high school James
Elliot entered the dry-goods establishment of the late Air. Alexander Molson,
and after a time spent in that connection entered jNIolson's Bank in i860. In
1870 he became accountant and further promotion came to him in recognition of
his ability in his appointment to the position of manager of the Montreal branch
in 1879. Step by step he advanced in his connection w-ith financial interests
until he became recognized as one of the foremost bankers of the city. In
May, 1900, he was appointed general manager, which position he ably filled until
his death, December 19, 191 3. In l)anking circles he was recognized as a man
of exceptional ability, prudence and sagacity, and was termed both a model man
and a model banker. That he occupied a position of distinction in business and
financial circles was evidenced by the large number of business men who paid
their last tribute of respect to his worth when he passed away.

Mr. Elliot was for many years a councillor of the Canadian Bankers Associa-
tion and was otherwise officially connected with interests of importance to the
public, being a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital, a vice president
of the Montreal Prisoners Aid Association and an active factor in philanthropic
work. Mr. Elliot was also an attendant at the Melville Presbyterian church. His
political support was given to the conservative party. .Although he was past the
allotted age of three score years and ten when called from this life, Mr. Elliot's
friends w^ere drawn largely from the younger generation. He was a quiet, unos-

JAMES ELLIOT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 161

tentatious gentleman of the old school, whose delight outside of his business
was his home and garden on Cote St. Antoine road. This home was one of the
early residences in Westmount and when erected more than a cjuarter of a
century ago was surrounded by open fields.

Mr. Elliot was unmarried. After jjroviding with great libendily for near
relatives he be(|ucathed five thousand dollars to the Montreal General Hospital,
five thousand dollars to the I'rotestant Hospital for the Insane and a thousand
dollars each to the Western Hospital, McKay Institute, Grace Dart Home, the
Protestant House of Industry and Refuge and the Salvation Army. His bequest
to these many organizations showed his broad-mindedness and his deep interest
in the welfare and uplift of his fellowmen.

JOSEPH ARTHUR COUTURE.

Joseph Arthur Couture, a notary public practicing in Montreal and in Maison-
neuve, was born on the 29th of December, 1881, at Sherrington in the county
of Napierville, P. Q., his parents being Jules and Domethile (Bourgeois) Couture
He represents two of the old French families of the province. His great-grand-
father and his grandfather, both of whom bore the name of Frangois Couture,
were farming people, the former following agricultural pursuits at Lacadie, while
the latter was a farmer at St. Cyjirien in the county of Napierville. He married
Sophie Ward and their family included Jules Couture, who married Domethile
Bourgeois. Her father, Pierre Bourgeois, was at one time a farmer at St. Jean,
P. O., and later at St. Cyprien, where he was residing at the time of his death.
His wife was a member of the Granger family. Jules Couture was born in St.
Cyprien, county of Napierville, and made farming his life work, but since 1900
has lived retired, his home being in the village of Napierville. His wife was born
in the parish of St. John, P. O., and died on the 15th of September, 1907. They
had a family of twelve children, of whom three daughters and five sons are
living.

Joseph Arthur Couture, the youngest of the family, attended the parish school
to the age of ten years and afterward studied with the parish priest of Sherring-
ton for three years. He next entered Montreal College, where he pursued a five
years' classical course and later became a student in the Seminary of Philosophy,
where after two years, or in 1902, he w'on his degree of Bachelor of Letters. In
September of that year he matriculated in Laval University where he studied law
in preparation for the notarial profession, receiving his LL. L. degree in 1905.
He was received as a notary in July of the same year and in September began
practice in the village of Napierville. where he continued until the ist of October,
1906. He then removed to the city of Maisonneuve, where he continues in prac-
tice, and at the same time maintains an office in the city of Montreal. He is like-
wise a commissioner of the superior court in and for the district of Montreal.
He carefully prepared for his chosen calling and his knowledge of the law and
his understanding of all phases of the notarial profession have given him high
rank among his associates in that field of labor.

Vol. Ill— 8

162 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Air. Couture is also interested in some syndicates, purchasing lots on the
island of Montreal. He is a director of La Societe du .Boulevard Pie IX, Limitee
and of Salmon River Gold Fields and of the Montreal Consolidated Real Estate
and Investments, Limited. Flis connection therewith has resulted in bringing
him good financial returns, while in his profession he is making continuous
advancement.

On the 9th of October, 1905, Air. Couture was married to Miss Alathilda Ida
Lachapelle, a daughter of Alfred and Mathilde (Beauchamp) Lachapelle, the
former in his life time a merchant of Montreal. Mrs. Couture died at Maison-
neuve, at the age of twenty-seven years, on the 17th of December, 1913, leaving
no issue. Mr. Couture is a member of the Roman Catholic church and in politics
he was formerly a conservative but became a nationalist as he did not approve of
the naval policies of either the liberal or conservative parties. He is still, how-
ever, a member of the Montreal Liberal-Conservative Club. He was for three
years recording secretary of Court Gounod No. 3240, I. O. F., of which he is
now deputy chief.

HON. J. O. VILLENEUVE.

The name of Hon. J. O. \ illeneuve is inseparably interwoven with the history
of Montreal and its progress. Modesty at all times characterized his bearing and
simplicity his habits, yet the sterling worth of his character and the high order
of his ability brought him to a position of leadership in connection with municipal
and provincial affairs. He labored untiringly for the best interests of Montreal
while acting as chief executive of the city and was equally faithful in his sup-
port of matters relating to the provincial welfare when serving as senator. A
native of the county of Terrebonne, he was born at Ste. Anne des Plaines, on the
4th of March, 1837, and his life record covered the intervening period to the
27th of June, 1901, when he passed away at the age of sixty-four years. He was
but a young lad at the time of the removal of his father. Octave Villeneuve, and
the family to Montreal, so that he was indebted to the school system of this city
for his educational opportunities. He started in the business world as clerk in
a dry-goods store in 1853, when a youth of sixteen years, and his traits of loyalty
and faithfulness were manifest from the beginning, as is evidenced by the fact
that he remained with one establishment until 1865. Ambitious to engage in
business on his own account, he carefully saved his earnings until his industry and
economy had brought him sufficient capital to enable him to open a grocery store
at Mile End. There he conducted business for some time and subsequently
founded the wholesale grocery house of J. O. Villeneuve & Company, which
rapidly gained patronage and a high and well merited reputation in commercial
circles. He was a farsighted man and one who on recognizing a public need at
once sought to meet it. Realizing the lack of communication between the extreme
northern section of Montreal and the outlying parishes, he established an omnibus
route in i860 between Mile End, Terrebonne, Sault au Recollet and New Glas-
gow, which he later sold to the Montreal Street Railway when it seemed feasible
to extend the railway lines into that section.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 163

Mr. X'illenciuc was I'lciniciuly called U> public office and it is a notable fact
in his career that no public trust reposed in him was ever betrayed in the
slightest degree. I'or more than seventeen years he was mayor of St. Jean Bap-
tiste village and again, when the organization of the town took place, he served
for four years more, carefully guiding the interests of village and town so as
to bring about needed reforms and im]jrovements. I'^ollowing the annexation to
the city in 1883 he re])resented St. Jean I'.aptiste ward from that date until 1894
in the city council and as a member of the finance committee his experience in
financial matters was found to be of great service to the pul)lic. Higher official
honors awaited him, however, for in 1894 he was elected Montreal's mayor and
filled that position for two years, proving a capable executive and one who most
carefully and systematically safeguarded the ])ublic interests. For eighteeji years
he served as warden of the county of Hochelaga and in 1886 was elected to
represent that county in the Quebec legislature, where his record was so com-
mendable that he was reelected in 1890 and again in 1892. In 1888 he was made
a member of the harbor commission and served for several years on that body.
In January, 1896, he succeeded the late Hon. Joseph Tasse as senator for the
De Salaberry division. All this, however, did not cover the many phases of his
activity. For many years he was a member of the Board of Trade, and he had
important business connections, serving as director of the Dominion Cotton Com-
pany, in addition to which he had other large manufacttiring, mercantile and
real-estate interests in the city. He was resident director of the Bancjue Nationale
and a member of the harbor board and a governor of Laval University. He was
also senior partner of the firm of L. \'illeneuve & Company, wholesale lumber
dealers.

In 1861 Mr. Villeneuve married Miss Susan Ann Walker, a daughter of
Captain James W'alker, of Sorel, Quebec, who survives together with their four
children. Her father was a captain in the regiment stationed at Sorel and was
a son of Dr. Edward Walker, surgeon of that regiment. Jacques Villeneuve,
the eldest of the four children, residing at St. Jerome, Quebec, is proprietor of
a stone quarry and brick manufacturing business there. He married Miss La-
montague and they had seven children, Jacques, Edgar, Charles Eugene, Lia, Adri-
enne, Marguerite and Jeanne. For his second wife Jacques \ illeneuve wedded
Miss Poitevin, and they have a son, Jean. Eugene W., the second member of the
family, was born in Montreal in 1865 and was associated in business with his
father until the latter's death. He brought about the royal commission, giving
a change of administration and management of the city by a board of control.
In November, 1910, at a meeting held at St. Jean Baptiste market hall, he pro-
posed that the centenary of the birth of Sir George Etienne Cartier should be
appropriately commemorated and that steps should be taken for the erection of a
monument to his memory. Since then the monumental enterprise has assumed
not only national but empire scope and representatives of every portion of the
empire will be present at the commemorative celebration September 6, 1914. Mr.
^'illeneuve has served faithfully as president of the executive committee in
charge of the celebration and the erection of the monument. He married Miss
Alice Crompton, and their children are James and Reginald. Frederic Villeneuve,
the third member of the family, is a graduate of Laval University and was after-
wards advocate in Montreal and in Edmonton, .Mberta. For several years he was

164 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

editor of Canadian West and for four years, from 1898 until 1902, sat for
St. Albert in the legislature. In 1909 he was appointed librarian of the Mon-
treal Civic Library. He married Miss Howie, of St. Johns. Rachel \^illeneuve,
the youngest of the family, married Alphonse Morin, protonotary of St. Johns.
Their children are Josephine, Louise, Susan, Pierre Villeneuve, Lucie, Madeleine
and Andre, and they reside at No. 629 Dorchester West.

The death of Hon. J. O. \'illeneuve occurred on the 27th of June, 1901, at
the family residence at 862 St. Denis street. Editorially the Gazette said of him :
"Senator Villeneuve is dead at the comparatively early age of sixty-four. His
career was a typical one and included fully thirty years of public service, municipal
and parliamentary. His straightforward conduct and good faith gained him gen-
eral respect and for almost a generation he could count on election to whatever
office in the gift of the county of Hochelaga or city of Montreal he aspired to.
His municipal career was crowned by the mayoralty of Montreal and his political
work by a senatorship. He was a thoroughly well meaning man, of modest bear-
ing and simple habits, whose innate worth was behind his business and public
success. In his death Montreal loses a good citizen and parliament a member of
safe judgment and right purpose." To thus win the merit and plaudit of the
press shows that the life of Hon. J. O. \'illeneuve was one of far-reaching use-
fulness and of importance in Montreal. He neglected no opportunity, slighted
no duty nor passed unheedingly the chances to benefit city or province by helpful
service on his part.

JOHN DILLON.

John Dillon, for many years one of the best known merchants of Montreal,
was a member of the firm of Reford & Dillon. He was born in Chambly. March
18, 1836, a son of John Dillon, Sr., a native of Belfast, Ireland, who emigrated
to Canada and for some years resided in Toronto and Montreal, his death occur-
ring in the latter city in 1875. He was father of two sons, George Graham and
John Dillon. The former passed his active business life in Toronto, where he
was connected with the retail dry-goods house of George Bowes & Company.
He died in Toronto, while his widow, Mrs. Catherine Jacques Dillon, passed
away in Montreal. They were survived by a daughter. Miss Elisabeth J. Dillon,
who for many years lived with her uncle, John Dillon, who never married.

It was in Toronto that John Dillon formed a partnership with Robert Reford
under the firm name of Reford & Dillon, wholesale grocers, and in 1867 the
business was moved to Montreal. This association continued for about forty
years and the business was most successfully and capably conducted according
to modern progressive methods. A few years prior to his death Mr. Dillon
retired from the firm, but maintained his interest in other industrial and com-
mercial institutions. Up to the time of his death lie was a director of the
Mount Royal Milling and Manufacturing Company and was also vice i)resi-
dent of the Gould Cold Storage Company. His i)usiness judgment was sound,
his discrimination keen and his enterprise unfaltering. He could see farther
than many a man in Inisincss circles, foretelling the outcome of any enter[)rise

JOHN DILLUX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 167

from tlie beginning and, moreover, he liad llie power lo coordinate and unify
forces into a harmonious whole.

Mr. Dillon was much interested throughout his lifetime in charitable work
and among other institutions with which he was actively associated was the
Old Brewery Mission. He was an active member of the Dominion Square
Methodist church, which he joined as a charter member upon its organization.

The Montreal Star in announcing his death on the 15th of May, igo8, said,
"In the death of Mr. John Dillon which took place this morning very sud-
denly at his residence, 19 McGregor street, Montreal loses one of its oldest
and most respected citizens. Mr. Dillon, who had been in good health, was
speaking to a relative about 1 1 130 today, when he was overcome by heart
failure, his death taking place almost immediately. Thus passed onward one
who always strove to do his duty by his fellowmen."

CARLOS A. HAYES.

Carlos A. Hayes, who for a number of years was connected with the Grand
Trunk Railway, lastly as freight traffic manager, was on July i, 191 3, appointed
general traffic manager of the Canadian Government Railways, with headquarters
at Moncton, New Brunswick. Mr. Hayes has long been prominently connected
with Canadian railway service and has in that way contributed toward the open-
ing up of vast natural resources in the Dominion.

He was born in West .Springfield, Massachusetts, March 10, ■1865, and when
a boy of seventeen entered the railway service in 1882, continuing along that line
with various roads in the United States until the year 1892, when he was made
New England agent and, in 1896, manager of the National Despatch-Great
Eastern Line. He held this position until 1903, when he became connected with
the Grand Trunk Raihvay as assistant general freight agent in Chicago. Readily
grasping railroad proljlems and possessed of the true generalship of a railway
executive, he was chosen in 1908 to succeed J. E. Dalrymple as general freight
agent of the Grand Trunk, with headquarters at Montreal, and there remained,
first as general freight agent and later as freight traffic manager, until his recent
appointment. Mr. Hayes is a well known figure in Dominion railway circles and
stands high in the estimation of business men.

JOHN EDWARD MARTIN.

John Edward Martin, K. C, a well known member of the Montreal bar. was
born in September. 1859, at Shefiford, in the province of Quebec. He received his
early education in the public school at Waterloo, P. O., and at McGill Normal
School, and later entered McGill L'niversity, where he graduated with the Degree
of Bachelor of Civil Law in 1883, being the medallist of that year.

In July, 1884, he was admitted to the practice of law and began the practice
of his profession at Sweetsburg, P. O., in partnership with the late Senator

168 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Baker. In 1S93 he removed to Montreal and for over twenty years has been a
member of the law firm of Foster, Martin, Mann, Mackinnon & Hackett, and his
constantly expanding powers brought him prominently before the public as an
able lawyer and led to his being named king's counsel in 1903.

The litigated interests intrusted to his care have on the whole been of a
most important character, and he has successfully practised before all the courts
of the province, the supreme court of Canada, and has frequently appeared before
the judicial committee of the privy council in London, England.

Mr. Martin has specialized in corporation and insurance law, and his prepara-
tion of cases is always thorough and exhaustive, and the court records indicate
his ability in securing verdicts favorable to his clients.

He was a member of the council of the bar of Alontreal for several years
and batonnier of the bar of Montreal and batonnier-general of the bar of the
province of Quebec during the year 1913-1914. In 1913 he was elected an
honorary member of the American Bar Association.

Mr. Martin has been married twice. His first wife, Xellie, daughter of
J. Rooney of Sweetsburg, P. O., died in January, 1909. In December, 1910, he
married Emily \'iolet, daughter of James Patterson of Gtielph, Ontario.

In politics Air. Martin is a conservative, and he is a member of the Anglican
church. He is a member of the Mount Royal, Forest and Stream, Canada and
the Laurentian Clubs. He has a wide acquaintance among the leading residents
of the city, where his ability and personal worth have gained for him the high
regard of those with whom he has come in contact.

JAMES ALEXANDER LAWRASON STRATHY.

James Alexander Lawrason Strathy, long a factor in financial circles in Mon-
ti^eal, was born in London, C)ntario, July 22, 1857, where his father, James B.
Strathy, was at one time collector of customs. The mother, Mrs. Elvira Strathy,
was a daughter of Dr. Hiram D. Lee and of United Empire Loyalist stock.
Liberal educational opportunities were accorded the son, who was educated in the
Moncrieff Preparatory School, in Hellmuth College at London, Ontario, and in
Upper Canada College. At the age of seventeen years he came to Montreal and
entered the employ of the brokerage firm of Gordon Strathy & Company, later
becoming a partner in the business. He subsequently was admitted to the Mon-
treal Stock Exchange, while six years later he became a member of the Board
of Trade. In the following years he devoted all his time to the Montreal Trust
& Deposit Company, of which he was one of the organizers. I le was appointed
general manager of the business and remained with the company until his death.
He was also a member of the executive committee of the Royal Electric Com-
pany and in business connections gave evidence of his ability to handle important
interests and solve intricate problems.

Mr. Strathy was a justice of the peace of Montreal and in official position
made a record equally creditable with that >vhich he won in business. He was a
member of St. Andrew's Society and vice president of the United Empire Loyalist
Association. Distinction ancl honors also came In him alnn" niilitarv linos, his

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 169

military record dating from his appoiiitiiient as second lieutenant of the Fifth
Royal Scots of Canada, in iHlSo. He was advanced to the rank of captain in
1884, became major in 1891 and was made lieutenant colonel, commanding his
regiment, in 1893, so continuing until his connection with the regiment ceased
in December, 1897. In 1894 he became vice president of the Canada Military
Institute at Toronto and the same year was appointed to the staff of the governor
general of Canada as an extra aide-de-camp.

Mr. Strathy was widely known in sporting circles. As a gentleman rider he
was the winner of the Montreal Hunt Cup Steeplechase in 1880, 1881 and 1886
and of the American Grand National Jriunt Steeplechase at Saratoga in 1882
and of the steeplechase open to gentlemen riders. His political allegiance was
given to the conservative party and the interests and duties of citizenship found
ample recognition in his life activities.

Un the 9th of January, 1885, Lieutenant Colonel Strathy was married to
Miss Margaret, daughter of Andrew Robertson, of Montreal, and they became
the parents of six children, of whom five are living: Marguerite F., Isabella D.,
Alison L., R. Lee A. and Elvira AL The family circle was broken by the hand
of death when on the 7th of October, 1901, Lieutenant Colonel Strathy passed
away. He was a popular member of the St. James Club and his position as a
business man and in military and sporting circles classed him with the repre-
sentative residents of his city.

JOHN RIGNEY BARLOW.

John Rigney Barlow, a civil engineer, who in 1900 was appointed to the posi-
tion of city surveyor of Montreal, has since served in that capacity and is one
of her best known civic officials. A native of Scotland, he was born at Stornoway.
Lewis, on the 29th of July, 1850, a son of the late Robert Barlow of the Canadian
Geological Survey. The first five years of his life were spent in the land of
hills and heather, after which the family came to the new world. John R. Barlow
was reared in Montreal and started in the business world in the employ of the
Canadian Geological Survey, with which he remained from 1872 until 1875.
He then entered the service of the corporation of Montreal in 1876, and did
important duty in that connection. He was engaged in the construction of water
works in the town of St. Henri and did other important duties. He became
assistant city engineer of Montreal in 1880 and was made deputy city survevor
in 1882. Further advancement came to him in his appointment to the position
of city surveyor in 1900, and he is now acting in that capacity. He thoroughly
understands the scientific principles which underlie his work as well as every
practical phase of the business and now occupies an enviable position among the
civil engineers of Alontreal.

In March, 1877, Mr. Barlow was married to Margaret Coutts. a daughter of
the late Rev. William Darrach, and they reside at No. 78 St. Luke street. Mr.
Barlow is a member of the Engineers Club and also of the Canadian Society
rif Civil Engineers, in which he was elected to membership in 1887. His fraternal
relations are with the Masons, and his religious faith is that of the Presbyterian

170 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

church. His professional relations have brought him an extensive acquaintance,
uhile his sterling traits of character have gained him firm hold upon the affec-
tionate regard of those with whom he has been brought in contact.

WTLLIAAl SMITH.

Clearly detined purposes and close application were salient features in the
career of William Smith, who died in Montreal on the 14th of March, 1910,
when nearly eighty-four years of age. He was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland,
September 20, 1826. and came to Canada when a young man. He practically
spent his remaining days in this city. He at first engaged in the dry-goods busi-
ness, which he followed for many years with good success. Eventually he
became a manufacturing tobacconist and again prosperity attended his efforts
in the commercial field. He also owned valuable real estate, having taken
advantage of early opportunities for investment along that line. The sound-
ness of his judgment and the clearness of his vision were indicated in the rise
in his property values, making his holdings well worthy of consideration.

Mr. Smith was married in Montreal to Miss Margaret Watson, daughter of
George and Margaret (Selkirk) Watson of Montreal. He continued to make
the city his home until his life's labors were ended in death, when he had reached
a venerable age. He was a man respected by all and such was the regard
entertained for his opinions, that his advice was frequently sought upon impor-
tant questions. He was an attendant at Erskine church. Air. Smith is sur-
vived by his widow, who resides in what has been for years the family residence,
built by Mr. Smith at No. 56 Simpson street and which home stands on the site
of the former home of Sir Alexander Mackenzie, discoverer of the Mackenzie
river and the first European to cross the Rocky mountains.

JOSEPH ARTHUR BOURGAULT.

Joseph Arthur Bourgault is one of the most prominent figures in real-estate
circles in Montreal, his well defined and carefully executed plans constituting a
potent force in the substantial development and improvement of various sections
of the city. He is yet a young man but has already attained a position that many
a one of twice his years might well envy. He was born May 30, 1887, at St.
Louis de Bonsecours, Richelieu county, P. Q., his parents being Henri and Caro-
line (Loriviere) Bourgault, the former a native of Ste. Victoire, Richelieu county,
and the latter of St. Judes in St. Hyacinthe county, P. Q.

Joseph Arthur Bourgault jnirsued his education in the schools at Sorel, P. Q.,
and was graduated from St. I'ernard College on the lyth of June, 1905. He
started in the business world as a bookkeeper and afterward was traveling sales-
man, but eventually turned his attention to the real-estate business, which he con-
ducts under the name of J. A. Bourgault & Company with offices at No. 97 St.
James street in Montreal. ITis progress has been continuous, and hfs efforts

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WILLIAM SMITH

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 173

have been constantly of greater public value, as he has developed and improved
property which hitherto had been an unsightly waste or had little commercial
value. In 191 1 he developed and sold Montmorency Park including eleven
hundred lots which brought three hundred and seventy-tive thousand dollars; and
in 1912 he sold a part of Niagara Garden including thirty-two hundred lots, of
which nineteen hundred brought four hundred and twenty thousand dollars. He
also sold a subdivision on the south shore called Woodbine Park including over
eleven hundred lots. All this extensive property has been sold exclusively by
Mr. Uourgault. He is a wide-awake, alert, enterprising young man thoroughly
in touch with the real-estate market. He knows what property is for sale, is con-
versant with values and seems never to make a mistake in his investments. He
was graduated at the National Salesnien Training Association, which has its
headquarters in Chicago, and he is a member of the Headquarters International
Realty Company of that city.

On the 25th of November, 1912, in Montreal, Air. Bourgault was married to
Miss Berthe Daignault, a daughter of the late J. Daignault. They have gained
many friends during the period of their residence here. Mr. Bourgault has
attractive social c|ualities which render him popular socially and add not a little to
his success in the management and control of an e.xtensive and growing real-
estate business.

DANIEL WILSON.

In Montreal stand many evidences of the ability and skill of Daniel Wilson
in a number of the larger and more substantial buildings of the city, where for
a long period he engaged in the business of general contracting. He was born in
Avoch, Scotland, March 2, 1827, and was in the seventy-ninth year of his age
when he passed away. He had been a resident of Canada since 1853, having come
to the Dominion to take charge of stone quarries at Pointe Claire for the con-
struction of the \'ictoria bridge. After the completion of the bridge he entered
upon the work of general contracting and erected many of the largest buildings of
Montreal, including the Royal Insurance building, Molson's Bank, the Merchants
Bank, the Mutual Telegraph building, the Erskine church, the Windsor Hotel,
and others. He retired from business about 1886, having met with notable suc-
cess that brought him a gratifying income.

Mr. Wilson was prominent in public affairs. For eight years he represented
St. Antoine ward in the city coimcil and was interested and active in support
of various projects w'hich have had to do w-ith the welfare and upbuilding of this
city. He was also Protestant school commissioner for a number of years and
aside from positions having to do with the public service he was connected
officially with various charitable and benevolent projects. For six years he was
on the board of the Outdoor Relief and the Protestant Hospital for the Insane,
was a life governor of the General Hospital and a trustee of Mount Royal Ceme-
tery Association. He was also one of the oldest members and for eleven years a
deacon and twelve vears elder of the Crescent Street Presbvterian church and

174 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

when other interests left him leisure for sports, he enjoyed curling and became
one of the founders of the Caledonia Curling Club.

Mr. Wilson was married in Scotland to Miss Margaret Stephen, who died
in Montreal in 1856, being the mother of two children: James, a resident of
Montreal ; and Margaret, the widow of Henry Downs, of St. Paul, Minnesota.
In Alontreal, in 1858, Mr. Wilson married Miss Catherine MacGregor, a daughter
of Daniel MacGregor, and to this union six children were born : Robert, a con-
tractor residing in \'ancouver; Lillias Ann, who died in young girlhood; Lillias
Isabella, the wife of Peter C. Small, of Vancouver ; Christina, who married
James Sutherland and died in Montreal in 1896; Kate, who is Mrs. William A.
Coates, of Montreal; and John William, a contractor of Montreal.

On the 14th of February, 1906, Daniel Wilson was called from this life, leav-
ing behind him a record of many good deeds undertaken for the benefit of his
fellowmen and consummated in following the highest ideals of manhood and
responsibility toward those with whom and for whom he lived.

ARTHUR ECREMENT, B. A.

Arthur Ecrement, who for many years has figured prominently in the public
life of the province and is a well known representative of thejiotarial profession,
was born at St. Gabriel de Brandon, on the 29th of June, 1879. Liberal educa-
tional opportunities were accorded him and after attending Montreal College and
Laval University he entered upon public life. In fact his activities have always
been of a public or semi-public character and his labors have been of far-reaching
and beneficial effect. For five years he was secretary to the Hon. R. Dandurand,
speaker of the senate, and he was also secretary of the liberal organization of the
district of Montreal. He was first elected to the house of commons in 190S, in the
liberal interests, and his efforts as a member of that body have been pursued with
a singleness of purpose in the interest of general progress and good government.
He brings to bear in the discharge of his duties executive ability, keen insight
into the situation and a loyalty to the public good that is above ([uestion.

RE\\ FRANK CHARTERS.

One of the most popular and able ministers in the .Anglican church in eastern
Canada is Rev. Frank Charters, who for the past seventeen years has done
earnest and zealous work as rector of St. Simon's church, Montreal. He is a man
of force, experience and capacity, high in his ideals, earnest in his purposes and
straightforward in his methods, and his labors have been potent forces in the
spread of the doctrines in which he believes and in the promotion of the moral
development of the community in which he resides.

Dr. Charters was born in Montreal, March 16, 1865, and ac(|uirc(l his ]irc-
liminary education at .Arnold school and Fettis College. He afterward entered
McGill Universitv. from which he was graduated with the class of 188S.. In the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 175

same year he completed a course in the Montreal Diocesan College, and in 191 1
he was given the honorary degree of D. C. L. from the University of Bishop's
College in Lennoxville. He is a governor of the Montreal Diocesan College and
a member of the corporation of the University of Bishop's College. He was
ordained deacon in the Anglican church in 188S and received full orders in the
following year, going immediately afterward lo Iron Hill and West Brome,
Quebec, of which he became Incumbent. In i8g6 he was transferred to Mon-
treal, and here since that time he has done earnest and capable work as rector of
St. Simon's parish. This congregation was organized in 1892 and the church
building erected in the same year by Dean Carmichael. Rev. Samuel Massey was
first pastor and officiated until the spring of 1896, Dr. Charters succeeding him.
The latter has proved a capable and efficient rector, fully conscious of the obliga-
tions and responsibilities which devolve upon him, and he has accomplished in
the course of years a great deal of consecrated work among his people, whose
love he holds in large measure. He is, moreover, a man of good business ability
and foresight, and the affairs of his parish have been ably administered and the
funds carefully conserved. Dr. Charters has two hundred and seventy-five fami-
lies under his charge and manages a church property valued at fifty thousand
dollars. He is very popular among people of all denominations in Montreal and
his unostentatious life, filled with well directed and zealous labor and characterized
by earnest personal service, has brought him the esteem and confidence of all who
are associated with him.

JOHN T. WILSON.

The life record of John T. Wilson spanned si.xty-four years. He was born in
Greenup, Scotland, February 9, 1841, and died in Montreal on the 23d of Feb-
ruary, 1905. His parents were John and Mary (Thomson) Wilson, the former a
sea captain. The youth of John T. Wilson was marked by events and experiences
such as come to the lot of all. He reached a turning point on the journey of
life, however, when he bade adieu to friends and native country and sailed for
Canada. Settling in Alontreal, in 1866, he became one of the city's foremost busi-
ness men, his name being engraved high on the roll of those who contributed
most largely to the commercial greatness and consequent prosperity of the citv.
He was for forty years the senior member of the firm of Wilson, Paterson &
Company, importers and general manufacturers' agents, continuing in active busi-
ness until his demise. The volume of trade developed with the growth of the
city and had its inception in the progressive methods, initiative spirit and
undaunted enterprise of the partners.

When business hours were over and the cares of the day were put aside, Mr.
Wilson greatly enjoyed a game of golf or billiards. His interest, too, reached
out to many of those projects which recognize the needs of the city and the
claims of humanity. He attended St. Paul's Presbyterian church. For ten years
he was a member of the council of the Board of Trade and was ever keenly
alive to the projects instituted by that society for the benefit and upbuilding of
the city. He belonged to the Canadian and St. Tames Clubs of Montreal, and

176 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

the Hunt Club. His business activity was evenly balanced with his honorable
methods in trade; his interest in club life and in manly outdoor sports giving him
the necessary rest and recreation from that line of work which takes strong hold
upon the emotions and calls forth the more tender sentiment in nature. In a
word, his was a well rounded character and his place as a representative citizen
of Alontreal none contest.

CHARLES BYRD.

Successful in business, Charles Byrd rejoiced in his prosperity not so much
because of the opportunities which came to him from his wealth, but because it
enabled him to again and again aid his fellowmen. In this he was prompted by
no sense of duty but by a higher interest in humanity — a genuine regard for
his fellow travelers upon life's journey. His hand was ever downreaching
to aid those who were struggling to raise and he shed around him much of the
sunshine of life not only through his material assistance, but also through the
words of encouragement and inspiration which he spoke.

Mr. Byrd was born at Lachute, province of Quebec, March 4, 1848, and was
therefore sixty-three years of age when he passed away at Nassau, Bahama
Islands, on the 3d of March, 191 1. He had been a resideit of Montreal from
early manhood, embarking in the grocery business upon his arrival here. This he
abandoned to enter the Munderloh firm in 1868, at which time its founder, Wil-
liam C. Munderloh was in control. After the death of this gentleman Mr. Byrd
entered into partnership with Henry Alunderloh, son of William C. Munderloh,
in the continuation of the business. In 1909 the firm was organized as a joint
stock company and Mr. Byrd had active voice in its control, assisting in formulat-
ing plans which had to do with its substantial growth and progress. It became
one of the important enterprises of the kind in the city and through his connec-
tion therewith Air. Byrd won notable, gratifying and enviable success.

Mr. Byrd was united in marriage in 1873 to Miss Kate Macdonald, a daughter
of the late Alexander Roy Macdonald of Montreal. During the last years of his
life Mr. Byrd was in poor health and, accompanied by his wife, had spent two
winters in the West Indies. He went again in February, 191 1, in order to
escape the rigors of the Canadian winter and there passed away on the 3d of
March.

His memory is enshrined in a halo of good deeds, for lie was continually
active in support of organized charities or in individual assistance. He gave
liberally to a number of the benevolent organizations of Montreal and served on
the board of management of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane at \'erdun to
which he made a contribution of five thousand dollars. He was also one of the
board of managers of the Montreal General Hospital to which he gave ten thou-
sand dollars: was vice president of the TVotestant House of Industry and Refuge
at Longue Pointe, to which he gave ten thousand dollars ; was vice ]iresident of
the Moore Home and an officer of the Irish l^rotestant I'enevolent Society, to
which his contribution was five thousand dollars. lie gave twenty-five hundred
dollars to the Western Ceneral Hosjjital ; two thousand dollars to the Alexandra

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HISTORY OF MONTREAL 179

Hospital ; two thousand to the Montreal Protestant Ori)han Asylum ; five hun-
dred dollars to the Boys" Home; one thousand dollars to St. Patrick's Society,
a goodly sum to the Erskine church for home movements and a sum of twenty-
five thousand dollars for foreign movements. He was an elder of the old St.
Gabriel church on St. Catherine street and afterward joined the Ivrskine Presby-
terian church when it was amalgamated with the Chalmers church. .\ high-
minded Christian gentleman, the principles of his religion permeated his life in
all of its different connections and his contribution to the world's progress along
moral and religious lines was a valuable one.

DAVID MORRICE.

The life record of David Morrice might be summed up in the term successful
achievement. It has, however, been more than the success that is calculated in the
terms of dollars and cents, for his outlook of life has ever been broad, his concep-
tions of its opportunities accurate and his recognition of its duties and obliga-
tions correct. He has as fully and carefully met the last mentioned as he has
his chances in a business way. While he has passed the eighty-fourth milestone
on life's journey, in spirit and interest he seems yet in his prime. To him might
be applied the words of Victor Hugo : "The snows of age are upon his head,
but the spring of youth is in his heart." He was born in St. Martin, Perthshire,
Scotland, August ii, 1829, and after acquiring his early education there, started
in business life as an employe in dry-goods stores, remaining for some time in
that connection in Dublin, Liverpool, Manchester and London. The growing
western country attracted him with its almost limitless opportunities, and in 1863
he established himself in Montreal where he founded the business that has since
become one of the most important commercial enterprises of the city. Under the
name of The D. Morrice Company the business is now one of extensive propor-
tions. Manufacturers' agents and general merchants, they have one of the largest
and best appointed establishments of the city, and Mr. Morrice is also at the head
of important productive industries and is said to be one of the best authorities
in cotton matters in the Dominion. He is president of Penman's Limited ; of
the Canadian Cottons, Ltd. ; and of the Montreal Investment & Freehold Com-
pany. He is likewise a director of the Bank of Montreal ; of the Dominion Tex-
tile Company ; and of the Mount Royal Cemetery Company. While he has now in
large measure retired from active management of these interests, his opinions
still carry w'eight in business councils, and his judgment and discrimination are
those of a man of not more than three score years and ten. \\'hile conducting
important and extensive commercial and manufacturing interests, he has found
time to become a factor in the management and control of many projects for the
benefit of his fellowmen in the alleviation of the hardships of life for the unfortu-
nate. He is now vice president of the Montreal Tubercular Association ; president
of the Montreal General Hospital : j^resident of the Montreal Sailors' Insti-
tute; president of the Mackay Institute for the Deaf and Dumb; and governor of
the Montreal Boys' Home. He has long been an interested member of the Mon-
treal .Art Association of which he is one of the councillors and he maintains

180 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

an equal interest in Christian education as chairman of the board of managers
of the Montreal Presbyterian College, in which position he has remained for
forty-two years. He has ever been a firm believer in the early religious training
of the young and has labored untiringly to advance the interests of moral direc-
tion for the youth of the land. In 1905 he was chosen vice president of the Quebec
Simday School Union and in iyo2 was president of the Presbyterian Sunday
School Association. In 1882 he erected the David Morrice Hall of the Montreal
Presbyterian College at a cost of ninety thousand dollars. His gift to the Mon-
treal General Hospital in 1906 made that institution richer by twenty-five thousand
dollars and in 1910 he gave ten thousand dollars to the Montreal Art Association.

On the 14th of June, i860, Mr. Morrice married Anne S. Anderson of Toronto,
and of their children, William J. and David J., are connected with The D. Morrice
('ompany. The others are Robert B., who is connected with Penman's Limited;
Arthur A., a resident of Toronto; James Wilson, a distinguished artist; and a
daughter, who is now the wife of Allen G. Law, of the firm of Law, Young &
Company of ^lontreal. The son, James Wilson Morrice, born in Alontreal in
1864, attended the city scliools and the Toronto University and afterward
developed his art talent by study in Paris. He has not only won high reputation
in that city but also in London and is considered one of the greatest painters of
Brittany coast scenes. He has been a frequent exhibitor at the Paris Salon and
one of his pictures has been purchased by the French government and another by
the Canadian government for the National Art Gallery at Ottawa. He largely
paints landscapes, yet gives some attention to figures and in all of his work
there is an even balance maintained between technique, creative faculty and poetic
feeling.

Mr. David Morrice is now eighty-four years of age, but still maintains deep
and active interest in the church and in the benevolent and civic projects with
which he is identified. Moreover, he still holds membership in the St. James
Club, the Montreal Club, the Mount Royal Club, the Montreal Hunt Club and
the Forest and Stream Club. Someone has said, "there is an old age which
need not suggest idleness or lack of occupation ; on the contrary there is an old
age which grows stronger and better, mentally and morally as the years advance
and gives out of the rich stores of its wisdom and experience for the benefit
of others."' Such is the record of David Morrice.

J. F. DUBREUIL.

One of the able advocates of Montreal and one who has filled with honor
various official positions, is J. F. Dubreuil, a descendant of a distinguished family
which has found mention in Abbe Tanguay's "I )ictionnaire Genealogique." In
this book L'Abbe Cyjjrien Tanguay mentions among the earliest ancestors of the
house of Dubreuil the following. Christo];)her Dubreuil, born in ifKjfi; Jean Dti
Breuil, born in 1655, a son of Pierre and Catherine (Gosselin) Du lireuil, married
September 28, 1682, at Montreal; wife died December 22, 1685: one child: mar-
ried August 6, 1686, Ste. Famille Marguerite Gaultier: seven children. Jean

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 181

Eticnnc Dubreuil was a tiotaire royal and a hrotlicr of the al)ove nicntioned Jean.
He married twice and had a family of many sons and daughters.

J. F. Dubreuil was born at Lachine, province of Quebec, January 24, 1845,
and is a son of Joseph and Helene (Barre) Dubreuil, the former of Pointe aux
Trembles and the latter, of Montreal. The father was for many years a notary
])ublic. J. F. Dubreuil received his education at the Jesuit College of Montreal,
famed for its thorough teachers, and completed the course of instruction by
graduation on February 6, 1866. He subsequently engaged as an advocate and
as he was able, capable and conscientious, soon enjoyed a profitable practice, his
services being demanded by a representative clientele. He served from 1873 to
1882 as deputy clerk of the crown and peace, and from June, 1883, until June,
1889, as deputy sheriff of Montreal.

On January 26, 1869, at Sorel, Mr. Dubreuil was united in marriage to Miss
Marie L. C. Beaupre and they have the following children : J. F. L., vice presi-
dent of the Commercial Travelers Association ; George, who is employed in the
registry office at Hochelaga; Charles, of Richelieu, Ontario; and Raoul, who is
with the Canadian Electric Company.

In his political faith Mr. Dubreuil is a conservative, giving his support to that
organization. For many years he has made Montreal his home and has witnessed
the change from a comparatively small city to that of a world's metropolis, having
participated in bringing about the transformation according to the best of his
ability. He is deeply interested in the growth of the city along material, as well
as intellectual, lines and as he has always lived a life of conscientious righteous-
ness, is highly esteemed and respected in the community where he is widely known.

JOHN RANKIN.

No worthy enterprise of Montreal sought in vain the assistance of John
Rankin, and his public spirit found expression in tangible effort for the general
good. At the same time he conducted important business affairs as representative
of large corporate interests of his native land. He was born in Lanark, Scotland,
in 1825, and had traveled far on life's journey when death called him February
27, 1908. Coming to Canada in 1854, he carried on business first under his own
name and afterward as senior partner in the firm of Rankin, Beattie & Company.
He also represented J. & P. Coates, the world renowned thread manufacturers
of Paisley, for many years, and was instrumental in establishing for them a
large Canadian business. He was likewise financial agent for the house of Arthur
& Company, of Glasgow, and in the further development of his business interests
became one of the founders of the Shedden Company and of the Guarantee
Company of North America. As his worth and business talent became recognized
his cooperation was sought along many lines and when keen business judgment
prompted his investment in any interest he was almost at once accorded voice
in the management. He became a promoter of the New York Daily Graphic,
the Consolidated Bank and of the Montreal & Sorel Railway, now a part of the
Delaware & Hudson system. As a business man, his position was second to none
and his record was one which any man might be proud to possess. He never made

182 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

engagements that he did not keep, nor incurred obligations that he did not meet,
and his name became a recognized synonym of integrity and enterprise in com-
mercial and industrial circles. At River David, in 1861, Air. Rankin was married
to Miss Louisa S. C. Wurtele, a daughter of Jonathan Wurtele, in his life time,
Seignor of River David. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs.
Rankin: James L., a contractor of Montreal; Archibald J., who resides in Edmon-
ton, Alberta, where he is a clerk in the government offices ; John, who is a civil
engineer, residing at Victoria, British Columbia ; Norman S., who is connected
with the Canadian Pacific Railway at Calgary ; Allan C, a bacteriologist in the
employ of the Siam government, at Bangkok ; A. G. Ernest, who is a notary of
Montreal; Louisa M., who is Mrs. John Fair, of Montreal; and Isobel S., at home.

None ever questioned Mr. Rankin's interest in the city and the general welfare
of its people. He stood for all those things which are a feature in civic better-
ment and his interest in moral progress was evidenced in his membership in St.
Paul's Presbyterian church, of which he was secretary and treasurer when the
present edifice was erected. He was also a governor of the Montreal General
Hospital. His high standing is further indicated in the fact that his name was
on the membership roll of St. James Club. To him were accorded the "blest
accompaniments of age — honor, riches, troops of friends."

The summer home of Mrs. Rankin is "Manor House," Pointe Seche, County
Kamouraska, Quebec.

EMMANUEL PERSILLIER LACHAPELLE, M. D.

While Dr. Emmanuel Persillier Lachapelle has gained prominence and won
honor in various directions, perhaps the one act which will longest stand as
an enduring monument to his worth and work will be the creation of the board
of health of the province of Quebec, of which he is now the president. His
efforts were a potent factor in bringing about the organization of this board,
the far-reaching effects of which are immeasurable. In this and other connec-
tions he has entered upon a campaign of education for the purpose of bringing
to the public a knowledge of sanitary and health conditions that will forever
prevent widespread contagion and check the ravages of disease even in indi-
vidual cases. A man of strong character and wide knowledge of men and
things, his life work has by no means reached its full fruition. Li private and
hospital practice he has gained eminence and his name is associated with one
of the strongest and best equipped medical schools of the country.

Dr. Lachajjelle was born on the 21st of December, 1845, at Sault au Recollet,
Quebec, his jjarents being Pierre Persillier and Marie Zoe (Toupin) Lacha-
pelle, descendants of some of the earliest settlers of New France. His father
was born at Cote des Neiges, in the county of Hochelaga, in the province of
Quebec. Making his home at Sault ;iu Reo)llet he followed farming and was
proprietor of grain mills. His ])arents were Pascal Persillier and Marie
(Ladouceur) Lachapelle, who lived at Cote des Neiges. The maternal grand-
parents of Dr. Lachapelle were Charles P. and .\ngelique (Leduc) Toupin, of
Montreal. The ancestors came to this countr\- in the early days of the French

UR. EMMANUEL P. LACHAPELLE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 185

colony and were married at Laprairie, near Montreal, on the south shore of
the St. Lawrence river.

After acquiring a classical education in the -Montreal College Dr. Lachapelle
entered upon the study of medicine in the old Montreal School of Medicine
and Surgery and after a brilliant course was admitted to practice in 1869.
From the first years of his professional life he devoted considerable attention
to the question of hygienic science. He continued his reading and research
after leaving college and is still as keen and devoted a student as ever. He
has long been ranked as a successful practitioner of high standing in Montreal,
especially prominent in the field of hygiene.

In 1872 Dr. Lachapelle was appointed surgeon of the Sixty-fifth Regiment,
Mount Royal Rifles, and retained the appointment until 1886. He was unable
to accompany the regiment on active service to the northwest in 1885,. owing
to the demands of his ]3rofessional engagements, but he personally superin-
tended the preparation of the medical equipment which the regiment took on
service and secured the services of an assistant surgeon, who went with the
.egiment.

Dr. Lachapelle took a very active part in the refounding of the medical
legislation and in 1878 was elected a governor and the treasurer of the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, retaining an official
connection with that important body almost continuously since, while for nine
years he has held the position of president. At the time of the memorable small-
pox epidemic in Montreal in 1885-6, when hundreds of new cases of t"he disease
were reported daily, until the death rate claimed ten thousand victims, and
when the city was practically placed in a state of quarantine in respect to the
rest of the continent, Dr. Lachapelle came to the front as an 'outspoken and
fearless advocate of the drastic measures adopted to check the disease. The
contagion was spreading so rapidly throughout the country that it became neces-
sary to take advantage of an old statute law and to create a central board of
health which would apply throughout the province means for prevention and
cure. Such a course had previously been adopted in Montreal. The moment
the horror of the great pestilence was at an end Dr. Lachapelle proceeded to
organize the forces of medical science for the conservation of the health of the
people. He was chiefly instrumental in getting the provincial government to
pass a law for the creation of a provincial board of health with powers
coterminus with provincial bounds. Prior to that time there was only a
local authority operating within restricted bounds. From that time forward the
body which Dr. Lachapelle may be said to have created was to have jurisdiction
over the whole province. The beneficial results of this measure were soon seen
in better methods, improved sanitation and, above all, in the general vaccination
of the people who had been so terribly scourged because of the lack of this
preventative in 1885. For the most important and valuable work which he did
in this connection Dr. Lachapelle received high encomiums from all sections
of the American continent and from foreign lands as well, not the least flatter-
ing being the recognition of the French republic in 1898 which conferred upon
him the Order of the Legion of Honor. With the establishment of the provincial
board of health he was appointed its president, a position which he has since
filled with credit to himself and great advantage to the entire province.

186 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Moreover the name of Dr. Lachapelle has been intimately associated with the
effort to improve medical legislation and to raise the standard of medical educa-
tion in Quebec. On the establishment of a branch of Laval University in
Montreal, decided upon in 1878, and the inauguration of the medical faculty in
temporary class-rooms in the old Chateau du Ramezay, on Notre Dame street, he
was one of the most ardent instigators and supporters of the movement and con-
tributed in a great measure to its success. At the present time he holds the
positions of dean of the medical faculty at the university and of professor of
hygiene; from 1876 until 1894 he was proprietor and editor of L'Union Medicale.
In 1885 he had the honor of presiding as president over the convention of the
American Public Health Association. He had the honor of being elected an
associate member of the Societe Frangaise d'Hygiene of Paris. He has been
closely and prominently associated with the Notre Dame Hospital ever since its
establishment and can almost be called its founder. The splendid institution
which owes its establishment partly to the clinical requirements of the then
recently founded medical faculty of Laval was incorporated in 1880, Dr.
Lachapelle being a member of the board of governors and holding the position
of general superintendent until 1906, while to the present time he is president of
the hospital.

A stanch member of the liberal party, Dr. Lachapelle has often been iirged to
become a candidate in nomination for political preferment but although willing
to use his influence for the benefit of his party he has invariably declined to
accept a nomination because of a sense of duty toward his professional interests
and benevolent engagements. In 1902 he was urged by many of the most influ-
ential citizens of Montreal, both French and English, irrespective of party to
accept nomination for the mayoralty. He did accept provisionally but later
withdrew to avoid racial complications. When the city government was changed
about three years ago it was deemed fitting that one so eminent as an authority
on sanitation and hygiene and one so dignified and high-minded as a fqremost
citizen should be a member of the new board which was henceforth to administer
the affairs of the city. The Doctor has little inclination for publicity but yielded
to the appeals addressed to him and became controller of JMontreal. He has
made a most admirable official, the value of his service being widely recognized.
It is his desire to accomplish the best possible measures of reform during his term
of office, and his efforts have already been productive of great good. He was
elected in 1910 for a term of four years.

Aside from his professional and public activities previously mentioned Dr.
Lachapelle is also a director of the Credit Foncier Franco-Canadien and of other
financial institutions and life insurance companies. He has been identified with
various national and benevolent movements and in 1876 had the lionor of serving
as general president of the St. Jean P)aptiste Society. He is also a member of
the liritish Medical Association, the Canadian Medical Association, the .American
Public Health .Association, Societe Medicale de Montreal, the Medico-Chirurgical
Society of Montreal, the Royal Edward Institute of Montreal and the Canadian
Anti-Tuberculosis League. He has been attending pliysician to the Ilntel-Dieu
and other institutions, and served as a delegate from tlic Canadian go\ernment
to the second Pan-American Medical Congress held in Mexico in i8()(), and to
other similar bodies. He has been a frequent contriljutor to medical literature,

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 187

writing largely for the Union Medicale du Canada and other periodicals. He
is a councillor of the University Club and a member of the metropolitan parks
commission. In religious faith he is a Roman Catholic and in j)olitical belief a
liberal. He belongs to the Mount Royal, University and Montreal Jockey Clubs.
By reason of notable ability he has attained to a position of prominence and
power and has been termed "a second Laurier." Were his ambitions along politi-
cal lines he would undoubtedly attain distinction in that field. He prefers,
however, the even broader field of professional activity wdierein his scientific
investigation and research combined with practical knowledge and skill have
gained him eminence and made his life work of signal serviceableness to
mankind.

BERNARD MELANCON.

Bernard Melancon, a notary public who has engaged in the practice of his
profession for more than four years in Montreal, was born at St. Jacques
I'Achigan on the 20th of August, 1S81, a son of Moise and Elodie (Gaudet)
Melancon, the former a zouave who participated in active military duty in iSfK)-
70. The son attended College Ste. Marie, a Jesuit school, and Laval University
of Montreal. He prepared for the notarial profession, becoming a notary on the
i6th of July, 1909, after which he was associated with M. M. Loranger under
the firm name of Loranger & Alelancon. Subsequently he became a member of
the firm of Mayrand, Loranger, Ecrement & Melancon, but now practices as a
member of the firm Loranger, Seguin & Melancon, with offices at No. 99 St. James
street, Alontreal. He is conducting a successful business and stands well in the
profession, possessing the comprehensive knowledge so necessary to success as
well as the energy and ability which must precede progress in any profession or
business line.

Mr. Melancon is a nationalist in political faith and allegiance and in religious
belief is a Roman Catholic. He was married at Montreal on the i8th of June,
1912, to Miss Annette Jodian, a daughter of L. O. Jodian, who died on the 17th
of May, 1913. Mr. Melancon is yet a young man, but has already made progress
that many an older member of the profession might well envy, and his past record
gives indications of future advancement.

GABRIEL HURTUBISE.

The earliest record of the Hurtubise family leads back to one Louis Heur-
tebise (the spelling having been changed later), who was born in 1667 and mar-
ried on May 3, 1688, at Montreal, Jeanne Gatteau and died on January 24, 1703.
The present generation of this old and distinguished French-Canadian family is
represented by Gabriel Hurtubise, a civil engineer and land surveyor, who is
independently established in business under the firm name of Hurtubise &
Hurtubise, his brother Louis being his partner. He was born on November 3,

188 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

1883, in the city of Montreal, and is a son of Edwin and Emelie (Brault) Hur-
tubise, both of whom have passed away. The father was prominent in insurance
circles in Montreal as a member of the tirm of Hurtubise & St. Cyr, representa-
tives of the Royal Insurance Company, and died on the 30th of December, 191 3,
in Montreal.

Gabriel Hurtubise enjoyed advantageous educational facilities at St. Mary's
College, pursuing his more professional studies at the Polytechnic School of Laval
University, from which he graduated on June 14, 1907, as civil engineer, and on
June 10, 1909, as land surveyor. He has since been prominently engaged in this
line in ^lontreal, having had charge of most important contracts. He began his
career under F. C. Laberge, C. E. and Q. L. S., of Montreal. At present lie is
a member of the firm of Hurtubise & Hurtubise, who are doing an extensive
and profitable business.

On Alay 30, 191 1, at Montreal, Mr. Hurtubise was united in marriage to Miss
Yvette Brault, a daughter of H. A. A. Brault, a well known notary of this city.
In his political views Mr. Hurtubise is independent, preferring to entirely follow
his judgment in support of candidates. His religious faith is that of the Catholic
church. Fraternally he is a member of La Fontaine Council of the Knights of
Columbus. Yet a young man, Gabriel Hurtubise has already made his mark in the
world and has taken his place in business circles of Montreal. Ambition has
been the beacon light of his life and his career again is proof of the fact that
ambition, coupled with industry and energy, will lead to success.

GEORGE BROWNING CRAMP, K. C.

George Browning Cramp was for many years a veteran member of the
Montreal bar and a distinguished representative of the profession, his opinions
being largely accepted as authority on questions of real-estate law, in which
department of jurisprudence he specialized. He was born in England in 1833,
a son of Rev. J. M. Cramp, who came to Montreal to accept a position at the
Baptist College. For years he was at the head of Acadia University in
Nova Scotia and was one of the prominent educators in the maritime provinces.

In the schools of England and of Nova Scotia George B. Cramp pursued his
education and qualified for the bar as a student in the law office of J. J. Day, K. C,
an eminent member of the bar. Thorough and careful preliminary training
resulted in his being called to the bar about 1855 and he entered upon active
practice in connection with his former preceptor. The latter had been called to
the bar in 1837 and was one of the most distinguished lawyers of Alontreal
at an early day. Following his retirement, Mr. Cramp entered upon active pro-
fessional association with A. F. Lunn, K. C, under the style of Lunn & Cramp.
a connection that was continued until the death of Mr. Lunn in 1894. Four
years later, or in 1898, Mr. Cramp was joined by J. Armitage Ewing, K. C, under
the style of Cramp & Ewing, and two years later they admitted George S.
McFadden, at which time the firm name was changed to Cramp, Ewing &
McFadden. This relation was maintained until tlic death of the senior
partner, who was then in his eightieth year. Wliile well versed in the

GEORGE B. (RAMP

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 191

various departments of tiie law, he specialized in the field of real estate
and became an expert on legal (|uestions relative thereto. He was regarded
as an expert in the matter of titles. He was retained in a consulting
capacity by such corporations as McGill University, Liverpool & London
& Globe Insurance Company, the Montreal Loan & Mortgage Company, and the
White Star Dominion Line. He remained throughout his entire professional
career an active and discriminating student of law, constantly broadening his
knowledge by reading and investigation, as well as experience.

Mr. Cramp held membership in the Mount Royal Club and the St. James
Clul) and was a casual attendant of the Olivet Baptist church. For many years
Mr. Cramp spent the summer season at Saratoga, New York, or at Lachine,
while his city residence was at No. 62 McTavish street, where his sister, the last
survivor of the family, now resides. He passed away February 16, 1913,' at the
age of eighty years, leaving behind him the record of a well spent life, in which
he had wisely employed his time and talents.

THOMAS PRINGLE.

High on the list of mechanical and hydraulic engineers appears the name of
Thomas Pringle. Scientific study, investigation and experience brought him to
the enviable position which he long occupied, making his word authority upon
many problems relating to the profession. He was born in Huntingdon, province
of Quebec, in 1830, and died in Montreal on the 7th day of May, 191 1. His
father, David Pringle, was a farmer of Himtingdon and it was there that the
son was reared and educated, but in 1850, when a young man of twenty years,
he engaged in business in Montreal as a milling engineer and for many years
was prominently connected with many water power developments and mill build-
ing operations throughout Canada. Every phase of the milling business seemed
familiar to him and each forward step that he made seemed to bring him a wider
outlook and broader opportunities. He later interested himself in the Mont-
gomery Cotton Mills, the Hochelaga and St. Ann's Mills, of the Dominion Cot-
ton Company, and the ]\Iagog Print Mills, owned by the same corporation. His
connection with all these different important projects constituted him a forceful
factor in the industrial development of the country. He was thus associated
with many of the chief productive industries of Canada and beyond this he became
one of the foremost consulting engineers. It was in the '60s that his attention was
first attracted to the water power possibilities of the Lachine Rapids, which were
subsequently utilized by the Lachine Rapids Hydraulic & Land Company. At
that early date, now more than half a century ago, he made preliminary plans
and wrote a report upon the feasibility of the development in the interests of
Hugh Fraser, founder of the Eraser Institute. Mr. Pringle predicted then that
the water power would some day be used and he lived to see the day when the?'
prediction was fulfilled. In 1891 he was again asked to report on this power
in the interest of the Royal Electric Company, and the following year was asked
to report on the Chambly water power for the same concern. In 1892 his eldest
son was admitted to the business under the firm style of T. Pringle & Son,

192 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

hydraulic engineers, and during the succeeding three years close observations
were made and much data accumulated concerning the water power resources
of the country, the firm being regarded as authority upon many questions relative
thereto.

Mr. Pringle retired from the firm in 1898 but the business has since been
continued by his son under the same name. His services were greatly sought,
owing to his sound judgment, his scientific attainments, his keen insight, and his
practical experience. He was considered the soul of honor and none ever ques-
tioned his integrity. He assisted many men to gain a start in life and many
others were benefited by his powers of perception and keen insight. His services
were in constant demand as an arbitrator when insurance companies were con-
cerned in milling matters. John McDougall took delight in giving him credit
for the creation of the large McDougall fortune and others acknowledged their
indebtedness to him in a similar way. As a natural mathematician he perhaps had
no superior in all Canada and he was regarded as one of the most distinguished
members of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

In 1861 Mr. Pringle was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Ross, a daugh-
ter of Alexander and Isabella (Lang) Ross, of Chateauquay Basin. The
mother, who came from Scotland in 1832, made her home at Chateauquay Basin,
until death called her at the notable old age of ninety-seven years. Alexander
Ross was a builder and assisted in the construction of the locks at Lachine Canal
but his death occurred when he was yet a young man. Mr. and Mrs. Pringle
had two sons: David Alexander, a mechanical engineer of Montreal; and R.
E. T. Pringle. of Toronto, an electrical engineer.

ANDREW JOSEPH DAWES.

One of Montreal's foremost business men, whose prominent identification
with the financial and industrial life of this city has made him an important
factor in business circles, is Andrew J. Dawes, president of the National Brew-
eries, Ltd., and also president of Dawes & Company, Ltd. The latter is the
oldest established industrial institution in the Dominion, and was founded more
than a century ago by Thomas A. Dawes, the grandfather of Andrew J. Dawes,
who was the first of the family to leave England and settle in Canada.

Thomas A. Dawes was first connected with the brewery at River St. Pierre.
Ambitious to engage in business on his own account, he established the Dawes
Brewery in 181 1, placed it upon a substantial and profitable basis and was later
joined in its management by his sons, Thomas A. and James P., who were
admitted to a partnership in the business. When James P. Dawes passed away
in 1878 his share in the business passed to his two sons, James P. Dawes, Jr.,
and Andrew J. Dawes, who then became associated with tlieir uncle, Thomas A.
Dawes, in continuing the business which developed steadily until it became one
of the most extensive enterprises of its kind in the Dominion.

Tliomas Dawes, Jr., son of Thomas Dawes, the founder of the family
in Canada, was familiarly and afifectionately styled Tom throughout Lachine
and wherever he was known. He there resided for nearly eighty years and

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 193

it was said that such was tlie regularity of his haijits that one could tell the
time of day by his actions. He always took the same train into town each
morning and the same walk in the evening and visited the bank at the same
hour each day. His life w^as to the utmost methodical and systematic, and he was
modest in demeanor and of retiring disposition. He occupied a beautiful home
on the river bank of Lachine with his maiden sister. There he passed away on
the 14th of May, 1908, when he was in the seventy-ninth year of his age, his
birth having occurred in Lachine on the 19th of Sei>tember, 1829.

James P. Dawes, Sr., another son of Thomas Dawes, the founder of the
family in Canada, married a Miss Leishman, who died in 1856, leaving three
sons, James P, Andrew J. and Thomas A. James P. Dawes, Sr., was promi-
nently identified with the business during his active life, and contributed his
part towards its progress and expansion. He died in 1878. His son, Andrew
Joseph Dawes is now at the head of the mammoth business, which had its incep-
tion in the brain of his grandfather and took on material form through his efforts,
and grew and developed through the labor of representatives of the family in
intermediate generations to the present.

To accumulate a fortune requires one kind of genius ; to retain a fortune
already acquired, to add to its legitimate increment and to make such use of it
that its possessor may derive therefrom the greatest enjoyment and the public
the greatest benefit, requires another kind of genius. Mr. Dawes belongs to that
generation of business men called upon to shoulder responsibilities diflfering
materially from those that rested upon their predecessors. In a broader field of
enterprise they find themselves obliged to deal with affairs of greater magnitude
and to solve more ditificult and complicated financial and economic problems.
Such is the position in which Andrew J. Dawes found himself and he has proven
at all times equal to the occasion and the demands made upon him.

Born in Lachine, June 15, 1846, he received his education in that town, and
also in Montreal. His business career began early in connection with the inter-
ests of his father and on the death of that parent he assumed additional respon-
sibilities in the business, which have been continued to the present time. Mr.
Dawes has been a prominent factor in the development of the business. With
its gradual growth facilities were increased, new buildings were added and the
plant has thus expanded until it is represented by immense blocks of buildings,
covering several acres on each side of the main street in Lachine. Aside from his
extensive interests in the brewery business, Andrew J. Dawes is prominently
identified with various projects and organizations for the development and
improvement of the province along horticultural and agricultural lines, being
especially interested in the subject of fruit growing.

He is a director of the Montreal Horticultural and Fruit Growing Associa-
tion ; is president of the Council of Agriculture of the Province of Canada, and
at one time was president of the Lachine Horticultural Association. He is a
director of the Merchants Bank and holds the same official position in regard
to the London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Company, Ltd. He is well known
in social and club circles and was president of the Auto Club of Canada from
1903 to 1906, while his membership relations extend to the Mount Royal, St.
James, Forest and Stream, Royal Montreal Golf, Royal St. Lawrence Yacht,

194 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Montreal Hunt, Auto and Aero, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Polo, and St.
George Snow Shoe Clubs and to the Rideau Club of Ottawa.

Mr. Dawes married Miss Mary O. A. Wilgress, of Lachine, and they have
two daughters: Rachel M., the wife of F. L. Bond, of Alontreal; and Frances
H., the wife of B. Hazen Porteous, of Montreal.

A man of unusual energy whose exceptionally well preserved physical con-
dition enables him to display a capacity for business more becoming to one twenty
years his junior, success has made possible for Mr. Dawes the enjoyment of
many social pleasures and interests. Yet prominent club man, that he is, Mr.
Dawes' first interest is the e.xtensive business of which he is the controlling
head and he is everywhere recognized as a forceful, resourceful man, ready to
meet any emergency and ever looking beyond the exigencies of the moment
to the opportunities and possibilities of the future.

T. STERRY HUXT, LL. D., F. R. S.

It is a trite saying that there is always room at the top, for while the lower
ranks of life are crowded, comparatively few have the ambition and the energy
to climb to the heights in connection with business or professional interests.
Recognizing and utilizing his opportunities and wisely employing his time and
talents, T. Sterry Hunt became recognized as one of the eminent Canadian
scientists, his ability winning for him the unusual honor of being made a fellow
of the Royal Society of London. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, Septem-
ber 5, 1826, a representative of an old New England family. It was his parents'
desire that he should become a representative of the medical profession, but a
strong inclination toward the study of chemistry, mineralogy and geology pre-
vented him from becoming a physician. In 1845 he pursued his studies under
Professor Benjamin Silliman of Yale L'niversity and later became his assistant.
His constantly expanding powers marked him a man above the ordinary and dis-
tinguished honors came to him as the years passed. As early as 1846 the result
of his original researth work was published in an article which he wrote for the
American Journal of Science. When the Geological Survey of Canada, then
recently organized by Mr. (later Sir) William E. Logan, required the service of a
competent chemist and mineralogist, Mr. Logan applied to Professor Silliman to
supply the man and Mr. Hunt was recommended for the position, which he
accepted early in 1847. His connection with the survey continued until 1872,
when, much against the wish of the government, he resigned. His work embraced
a large amount of field geology. The most difficult problems presented by the
geological formation of Canada are those of its crystalline rocks. To this study
Mr. Hunt addressed himself from the beginning and made the first clear exposi-
tion ever presented of the earlier rocks of the country. He afterward gave the
names of Laurentian and Huronian to these rocks and in his investigations,
analyses and scientific research laid the foundation of what he regarded as his
life work. He also gave constant attention to the economic and practical depart-
ments of the survey and was the first to make known the deposits of phosphate
of lime in Canada and call attention to its commercial value for fertilizing pur-

T. STERRV HUNT

HISTORY OF MONTRI'.AI, 197

poses, collecting and sending specimens of the same to the foreign exhibits of
185 1, 1855 and 1867. He analyzed soils, investigated the petroleums of Canada
and their distribution, and his studies of the mineral waters of the Dominion
were the first and most complete ever made. His work in many respects con-
stituted the foundation, basis and stimulus of all later iiuestigation.

During his connection with the survey work Mr. Hunt took part in the great
exhibitions of 1856 and i8C)7, acting as judge at both, while his services in a
similar connection were sought at the Centennial Exposition in I 'hiladelphia in

1876. His fame was world-wide as the result of his investigations and researches
were made known, for he took the lead in much pioneer geological work on the
North American continent.

From 1856 until 1862 Dr. Hunt was professor of chemistry at Laval Uni-
versity in Quebec and was continued as one of its honorary professors until his
death. His annual course of instruction there comprised forty lectures in the
French language and for some years he was also lecturer at ^IcGill University.
In 1872 he accepted the chair of geology in the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology in Boston, there remaining until 1878, when he resigned in order
to concentrate his efforts upon further study and professional work. His scientific
attainments have gained him recognition .both on the American and European
continents. Harvard University created him Master of Arts in 1852 and from
Laval and McGill L^niversities he received the degree of Doctor of Science. In
1881 he had the unusual honor of receiving the degree of Doctor of Laws from
Cambridge University of England, and in special recognition of his eminence as
a geologist he was created a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1859. In
1874 he was elected to membership in the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States and in 1882 he was one of those called upon by the Marquis of
Lome to aid in the organization of the New Royal Society of Canada, becoming
that year chief of the section of physical and mathematical sciences. In 1884 he
was elected its president. Thus year after year honors were conferred upon
him — honors well merited yet worn with becoming modesty. He was one. of the
founders of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at
Philadelphia and in 1870 was elected to its presidency. He was also an early
member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers and was its president in

1877, while in 1880 he became the foimder and president of the American Chemi-
cal Society. Among the decorations conferred upon him was that of the Legion
of Honor, bestowed by Napoleon III, and the cross of St. Mauritius and St.
Lazarus from the king of Italy. He contributed much to scientific literature and
was a well known lecturer on scientific subjects. He frequently went abroad
for study, spending much time in that way in Great Britain, Switzerland and
Italy. A chemical green ink which he invented in 1839 was the cause of giving
the name of greenbacks to American currency. His explorations on the Ameri-
can continent had extended from the Gulf of St. Lawrence southward to the Gulf
of Mexico and westward to the Pacific.

In January, 1878, Dr. Hunt was married to I\Iiss Anna Rebecca Gale, the
eldest daughter of Justice Samuel Gale of Montreal, who was judge of the court
of queen's bench for Lower Canada. His wife was Mary M. Hawley, who was
born in Montreal and was educated in this city and abroad. One of their daugh-
ters became the Baroness von Friesen, of Dresden. After the death of the

198 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

father in 1865, Mrs. Hunt traveled extensively in Europe in company with her
two sisters. She is the author of one or two volumes of poems of considerable
merit, so that her name, like her husband's, is known in literary circles. Dr.
Hunt passed away in February, 1892. His contribution to the world's work was
a valuable one. His investigation, research and native intelligence constituted
the key which unlocked for us many of the portals beyond which lay nature's
mysteries. The earth and its construction were largely to him an open book and
he made it a readable volume for others, placing his investigations before man-
kind in a way that has constituted the foundation for further research.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL FREDERICK WILLIAM HIBBARD.

Lieutenant Colonel Frederick William Hibbard has been frequently before
the public as a speaker and writer upon topics of public interest. Although never
a candidate he was for years a participant in both federal and provincial politics
and has appeared on numerous public occasions both in the province of Quebec
and in that of Ontario. He is the senior member of the firm of Hibbard, Boyer
& Gosselin, and a successful member of the Montreal bar. Ireland claims him
as a native son, his birth having occurred in Dublin on the 19th of October, 1865.
His father was the late Lieutenant Colonel Ashley Hibbard, of Montreal, and his
mother was Sarah Ann Hibbard, the second daughter of the Rev. Ambrose
Lane, M. A., perpetual curate of St. Thomas, Pendleton, Manchester, England.

After spending some years under private instruction, Lieutenant Colonel
F. W. Hibbard entered McGill University, where he took his Bachelor of Arts
degree in 1886. After a couple of years spent in teaching he returned to the
university for the study of law, graduating as B. C. L. in 1891. In addition to
the degree of B. C. L. received in that year he was also gold medallist. In 1892
he received the degree of M. A. He began practice as a barrister in 1893 ^"*^ was
created king's counsel in 1907. His advancement at the bar has been continuous
and long since he left the ranks of the many to stand among the successful few.
From 1907 until 1910 he was crown prosecutor for the district of Montreal, and
his clientele of a private character has been extensive and important. In literary
circles he is known and has given papers and addresses upon a number of sub-
jects. In 1903 he was president of the St. James Literary Society of Montreal.
His popularity as a lecturer is based both upon the entertaining and the instruct-
ive nature of his discourses. He has addressed various audiences upon the fol-
lowing comprehensive subjects: — Canadian Constitutional Government, The
Land Defence of Canada, The Value of Organized Efifort in Municipal Aflfairs,
The Prophecy of the West, and Canadians at Home and Abroad. He is not
merely a theorist, for his ideas have many times taken practical, tangible form,
and in 1910 his fitness for the position led to his appointment to the presidency
of the Quebec i)ublic utilities commission. In military circles his name is known,
for he holds a first class certificate from the Royal School of Artillery, and in
1894 joined the Second Regiment Canadian Artillery as a lieutenant. He was
advanced to the rank of captain in i8<)5, major in 1897, lieutenant colonel in
command in 1901 and R. O. in 1906. He was one of the artillery officers of

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 199

the Second Canadian Contingent at Queen Victoria's Jubilee, received the Diamond
Jubilee medal from the hand of King Edward, and was presented to the late
Queen \'ictoria at Windsor Castle. In 1900 he was elected to the presidency of
the Montreal Military Institute and in 1905 became vice president of the Uomin-
ion Artillery Association.

Lieutenant Colonel Hibbard was married in November, 1898, to Miss Emily
Laura Baker, the third daughter of Joseph S. Baker, of Dunham, P. Q. He
finds recreation in golf and has been president of the Outremont Golf Club. He
is a member of the St. James and University Clubs and the Quebec Garrison
Club. A liberal in politics, he has been active in support of the principles of his
party, recognizing the duties and obligations as well as the privileges of citizen-
ship. In religious belief is an Anglican, having twice served as warden of his
church, is a member of the synod of Montreal and of the executive committee of
the diocese. Mr. D. A. Lafortune, his colleague as crown prosecutor, has char-
acterized him as "a man of dignity and learning." His lifelong habit of study and
investigation, his deep and continuous interest in important public questions, and
his earnest purpose, prompting him to action in behalf of the public welfare, have
made him a citizen of value in advancing progress and working toward that
better ordering of things which is always the goal of progress.

J. ADELARD OUIMET.

Among the better known advocates of Montreal is J. Adelard Ouimet, who is
a member of the firm of Ouimet & Guertin. He is one of the most successful
men in his line, and by his career carries forward the tradition of the family
which to a large extent has been connected with the legal fraternity. The grand-
father, Michel Ouimet, was justice of the peace of St. Rose, in the county of
Laval, and also took an active part in the insurrection of 1837. The father of
J. -Adelard Ouimet was Landre Ouimet, and his wife was in her maidenhood
Miss Euphemie Bourque. A brother of our subject, also named Landre Ouimet.
was for ten years an alderman for St. Jean Baptiste ward and an uncle on the
paternal side was judge of the court of appeals and president of the City and
District Savings Bank.

J. Adelard Ouimet was born at Ste. Scholastique, in the county of Two
Mountains, on the 7th of March, 1868. He pursued his classical studies in the
Seminary of Ste. Therese and at the University of Ottawa and his law course
at Laval University, being admitted to the bar in 1895. He then became a
partner of the well known legal firm of Ouimet. Emard, Maurault & Ouimet, but
after the appointment of the Hon. J. A. Ouimet, his uncle, to the judgeship of
the court of appeals he entered into partnership with A. Delisle, Q. C, then a
member of parliament for Portneuf county, hut two years later decided to engage
in practice independently. In May, 1913, he formed a partnership with C. A.
Guertin, Q. C, under the firm name of Ouimet & Guertin. He possesses every
quality of which a lawyer may be proud — skill in the presentation of his evi-
dence, marked ability in cross-examination, persuasiveness before the jury, a
strong grasp of every feature of the case, the ability to secure a favorable rul-

200 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ing from the judge, unusual familiarity with human nature and the springs of
human conduct and, last but not least, untiring energy. He has often occasion
to demonstrate his ability and has handled many important cases since his admis-
sion to the bar, his clientele being of the most representative character. He is
dignified and impressive, deliberate in manner, his speeches always command-
ing attention. Entirely free from ostentation and display, he largely relies upon
the simple weight of his character and is ever prepared to meet any attack of the
opposing counsel, as his mind works with a rapidity which often excites the won-
dei and admiration of his colleagues.

On the 3d of September, 1901, Mr. Ouimet was united in marriage in Mon-
treal to Miss Dersina Vaillancourt, a daughter of Benjamin \'aillancourt, a well
known grain merchant of Montreal, and they have one son, George Etienne.
As is but natural, Mr. Ouimet has taken a conspicuous part in the public life of
his city and province, having participated in all elections since iSgo, not only in
the province of Quebec but also in Ontario. He is a conservative in his political
affiliations and stanchly upholds the principles of his party. He was the founder
and first president of Le Club Morin, holding the executive office during 1893
and 1894. From 1894 to 1896 he was also president of Le Club des Jeunes Con-
servateurs and is an active member of Le Club Cartier, of which he served as
treasurer from 1910 to 1912. He is also a military man. After having been in
the Sixty-fifth Regiment for ten years, he then joined the Eighty-fifth Regiment,
becoming captain in 1900. He will be major of that regiment in 1914. Frater-
nally he is chief ranger of the Catholic Order of Foresters and is a member of the
Royal Guardians and of the Catholic Foresters Club. His religious faith is that
of the Roman Catholic church, to the work of which he gives his moral and
material support. At the Ottawa University he was the founder of La Societe
des Debats Canadien Frangais in 1889 and served as its first president. In 1908
he was also elected president of L'Association St. Jean Baptiste of St. Jean
Baptiste parish. Mr. Ouimet is a successful lawyer in the truest sense of the
word, a man unusually broad-minded and intelligent, tolerant and of wide experi-
ence, never mercenary or grasping, believing in something greater than mere
material wealth, who in the course of a distinguished career, spent simply and
unostentatiously, has been a factor for good along various lines. His public-
spirited citizenship has been a boon to Montreal, who proudly claims him as one
of her citizens, and Mr. Ouimet returns the honor which the city's people enter-
tain for him by a loyalty which could not be more devoted.

CHARLES FRANCIS SMITH.

Charles Francis Smith, for half a century a leading figure in the business and
social life of Montreal, was born in Aylesford. Hampshire, England, in 1841. He
had reached the psalmist's allotted span of three score years and ten when death
called him in Montreal on the 30th of September, 191 1. His position was one
which gained for him not only the respect but also the admiration and love of his
associates. Important and extensive as were his business enterprises, they con-

CHARLES F. SJIITH

HISTORY OF M0NTRI':AT. 203

stituted but one phase of an existence that was largely devoted to charitable
works and civic affairs and he was no less esteemed for his generosity and
unfailing kindness than he was admired for his business acumen. His residence
in Canada covered a period of forty-eight years. He came to this country as
a member of the standing army. The shed in which he and his fellow soldiers
slept the first night after landing at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, is still stand-
ing near the beautiful summer home which he afterward built for himself there.
His entrance into commercial circles in Montreal was made as proprietor of a
shoe store on St. Mary street. He afterward entered into jjartnership with the
late James McCready and upon the latter's death became sole proprietor of the
business and so remained for almost one-third of a century ; yet in order to give
his employes the opportunity of sharing in the profits of the business he formed
a limited company nine years prior to his demise. In April, i<>ii, the Inisiness
was sold to D. Lome McGibbon, although Mr. Smith retained an interest in the
new company, — the Ames, Holden, IMcCready. Limited, — of which he became a
director.

Public affairs as well as private interests profited by the efforts, the sound
judgment and keen discrimination of Mr. Smith. He was at one time alderman
of Montreal : was a member of the finance committee and was again and again
urged to become a candidate for the mayoralty. Native modesty, however, caused
him to remain in private life even when it was almost a certainty that he would
be elected to any office to which he might aspire. He was the only English mem-
ber of the French Commercial School which was established by the Gouin gov-
ernment, and he belonged to the Board of Trade for five or six years, being first a
member of the council and rising through the offices of treasurer and vice presi-
dent to that of president, being elected by acclamation. He was also a vice
president of the Dominion Express Company ; managing director of the Lauren-
tide Pulp Company ; a director of the Merchants Bank ; a director of the Montreal
Trust Company ; a director of the Dominion Textile Company ; was at one time
the president of the Western Hospital, and had been for years one of the gov-
ernors of both the Notre Dame and General Hospitals, and vice president of
the Royal Alexandra. He was a well known figure in the city's fashionable clubs,
belonging to the Mount Royal and St. James Clubs, the Royal Montreal Golf
Club, the Forest and Stream Club and the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club. He
was also a charter member of Canada Council of the Knights of Columbus ; a
prominent parishioner of St. Patrick's church, as well as warden of the same ;
a director of St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum, and president of the Catholic Sailors'
Club. He was also a well known member of St. George's Society.

His kindness of heart was invariable, he was especially devoted to his home
and shunned ostentation. At St. Andrews where he spent every summer,
one of his greatest pleasures consisted in the comi)anionship of those friends
of his who lived near him, of whom Sir Thomas Shaughnessy was among the
number. Taking a great interest in matters pertaining to education, he was one
of the founders of the Catholic high school, and a member of the administration
of Laval L^niversity, and though, well known in life as a conservative in politics,
he was appointed by Hon. Lomer Gouin as governor of L' Ecole des Hautes Etudes
Commerciales. Besides being a practical manufacturer, Mr. Smith gave special
attention to tariff' matters, and his contributions to the campaign against unre-

204 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

stricted reciprocity in 1891, when Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Mr. Erastus Wiman and
their friends endeavored to establish free trade between Canada and the United
States, did more than a little to secure the protectionist victory of that year.

For years Mr. Smith did not actively participate in civic affairs, but in 1890,
when a reform wave was sweeping over the commercial metropolis he was
asked to come forward as a candidate in one of the civic divisions. He hesitated
for some time, but finally consented to contest the west ward if his warm per-
sonal friend, the late Mr. Frank Hart, would also seek a seat in the city council.
At that time the late Colonel Stevenson was a landmark in civic politics as well as
in military and social circles, and so well was the colonel known that there were
many who considered that with him as an opponent Mr. Smith had hardly a
fighting chance. It was contended that a Roman Catholic could not be elected in
such a pronounced Protestant district as the west ward, but the success achieved
by Mr. Smith in that contest proved that the reform candidate's reputation was
too well established to leave him a victim of the religious cry. He served in the
council during 1890 and 1891, on the finance committee, and though assured that
he could have a second election by acclamation, he declined both the aldermanic
and mayoralty honors that were offered him.

In a quiet and unostentatious manner he was a generous contributor to deserv-
ing charities, irrespective of nationality or creed. He was one of the most
prominent English-speaking Catholics in Montreal. As a personal friend of
Archbishop Bruchesi, ^Ir. Smith was frequently consulted in the church's
temporal afl^airs.

Mr. Smith twice married: His first wife was Miss Mary A. AIcGlynn
and his second wife who survives him, was Miss Margaret M. McNally, daugh-
ter of the late Bernard McNally. Two sons were the issue of the first marriage,
Clarence F. Smith, vice president and general manager of the Ames, Holden,
McCready, Limited, and Frederick H. Smith, who lived in the West Indies, until
his death in April, 1912. To the second marriage the following children were
born: Rose M. ; Charles F., who died on August 20, 191 1; Alarguerite AI. ;
Francis C. ; May G. ; and Geraldine M.

The Montreal Herald said of Mr. Smith : "There was no better citizen of
Montreal than the late Charles F. Smith. He had made his way in the world
by dint of rare power of business organization. In addition he was a man who
made friends and held them. He had no taste for public life himself, but he had
a deep interest in public affairs and in the men who in public life supported
his views. It was so in the affairs of the Board of Trade and resulted in his
becoming president of that body. It was so in civic affairs and resulted in his
being much against his inclination, elected to the council. It was so in Dominion
politics, and if he has passed away before his party friends had the ojiportunity
of showing their appreciation, it is certain that the fighting ranks of the conserva-
tive party had few more prudent or more generous counsellors.

"Mr. Smitli went to the city council with Mr. I.aportc. Mr. .Ames and the
late Mr. Hart at a time when the city had just been aroused to the need of
wholesale reforms. He played a part of much importance, for with two or
three other trained business men he sat in at the centre of things, on the oW
finance committee and supervised a general cleaning up of the city hall. It was the
good work of those days that made possible the larger reforms of later year.s."

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 205

The Montreal Gazette said editorially of him: "By the death of Mr. Charles
F. Smith another able and successful man has been taken from Montreal's com-
mercial life. Mr. Smith through years of painstaking energy built up a success-
ful business, from which the city benefited as well as himself.

"In the process he won the respect of all with whom he became associated.
Commercial organizations valued his advice. The Board of Trade counted him
as a wise counsellor. When the city's affairs were in need of improvement he
served in the council and with his associates did useful work in its behalf. He
could have had other public offices had he desired, hut his preference was for
private life. He has passed away at a ripe age, held in regard alike for the quali-
ties of his mind and of his heart, and leaving a memory that will encourage others
to follow his footsteps."

GERALD OTHO ROUSSKI ELIOTT.

Since 1908 Gerald O. R. Eliott has occupied the position of assistant marine
superintendent of the Canadian Pacific Railroad Company's Atlantic steamship
lines. He was born March 28, 1874, in Dalhousie, India, and is a son of George
Augustus and Helen (Jardine) Eliott.

Gerald Eliott received his education at Taplow grammar school, the Maiden-
head high school and then served as a cadet on H. M. S. School Ship Conway.
Naval life having a particular attraction for him, he entered the mercantile
marine and served for some time in sailing vessels of the White Star line. He
was an officer in connection with various steamship lines and was doing service
on boats which carried British troops during the South African war. In 1901
he joined the Canadian Pacific steamship lines and served as an officer on various
ships until he was appointed to his present important position of assistant super-
intendent in 1908.

Mr. Eliott's naval career includes the following appointments: midshipman,

^ R. N. R., 1890; appointed acting lieutenant in H. M. S. Jupiter in 1900, having

gone through the gunnery and torpedo course ; received naval reserve decoration

for fifteen years' service in commissioned rank ; retired in 1912 as commander.

In 1908, in Toronto, Ontario, Mr. Eliott married Miss Edith Aspden, a daugh-
ter of Thomas Aspden, of Lancashire, and later of Chicago, Illinois, and Toronto.
Mr. Eliott is a member of the Church of England and upholds conservative prin-
ciples at the polls. His club is that of the Commercial Travelers of Montreal.

.A.URELIEN BOYER.

Aurelien Boyer, a man of recognized professional ability and prominence,
who since 1899 has been an associate member of the Canadian Society of Civil
Engineers, was born in Montreal and pursued his education in schools of the
city. He was graduated with honors as civil engineer and metallurgist from
Ecole Polytechnique, a department of Laval University, with the class of 1896

206 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and at once entered upon the active work of his chosen profession. He was in
charge of the survey and location of the Yukon telegraph line and resigned from
the department of public works of Canada after his appointment as superinten-
dent of government telegraphs and cables for Quebec and the maritime provinces.
In 1905 he was chemical engineer and local manager of the A. D. Gall Petroleum
& Chemical Company, having charge of their wood distillation plant at Mont
Tremblant, Quebec, and in 1909 became vice president and chief engineer of the
Duckworth Boyer Engineering & Inspection Company, Ltd., which was latei"
consolidated with the Canadian Inspection Company, Ltd., under the name of
the Canadian Inspection & Testing Laboratories, Ltd. Of the latter company
he is now vice president and treasurer. Scientific knowledge, acquired skill and
ability have brought him to a place in the front rank of those who are engaged
in similar enterprises in the province.

In June, 1903, Mr. Boyer married Madame Elmira Corinne Dufresne, of
Three Rivers, Quebec. He belongs to the Engineers Club and the Winchester
Club. He is now a member of the board of administration of L'Ecole Poly-
technique and a director of Association des Anciens Eleves de L'Ecole Polytech-
nique.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL JAMES GEORGE ROSS.

Lieutenant Colonel James George Ross, president of the 'Ross Realty Com-
pany, Ltd., and favorably known in Montreal as a prominent figure in financial
circles, was born in this city, October 18, 1861, a son of the late Phillip Simpson
and Christina Chalmers (Dansken) Ross, both of whom were natives of Scot-
land. His early education was acquired in private schools, with later attendance
at the high school of Montreal and subsequent attendance at the Ontario Agri-
cultural College in Guelph, from which he was graduated with the class of 1881.

Mr. Ross went to the northwest upon an extended trip with a view to settling
there, but returned to Montreal and associated himself with his father, who was
a representative of the profession of chartered accountant. Shortly afterward he
was admitted to partnership with his brother, the business being carried on
under the firm style of P. S. Ross & Sons, and on the death of his father he
became the head of the firm. He is a chartered accountant and a member of the
Association of Accountants and is a fellow of the Dominion Association of
Chartered Accountants. Aside from his business in that connection he is presi-
dent of the Ross Realty Company, Ltd.. and as such figures prominently in real-
estate circles, negotiating and managing many important property transfers.

Mr. Ross has always evinced a great interest in military matters. In 1879
he joined the OiUario Field Battery, retiring in the \ear 18S3. In 1884 he
held a commission as officer in the \'ictoria Rifles, retiring in 1S91 with the rank
of captain. In i8()8 he joined the Fifth Royal Highlanders and in 1899 was
gazetted captain while in .August, igo<). he was promoted to the rank of major
and in May. 1909, was made lieutenant colonel. In 1907 he received the Long
.Service medal for officers having served for twenty years. He is in active con-
nection with the Montreal Board of Trade and is a director of the Crown Trust

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LIEUTENANT COLONEL JAMES G. ROSS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 209

Company. Tlis interest and support extend to charitable and l)enevolent projects
and he is a hfe governor of the Montreal Western Hospital. Fraternally he is
a Scottish Rite Mason, while in club circles he is widely and favorably known,
his membership being in the St. James Club, Canada Club, Beaconsfield Golf
Club, Canadian Club, Montreal Curling Club, Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club,
Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, W'estmount Athletic Club and the Junior
Army and Navy Club of London, England. In his younger days he was very
active in athletic sports, especially in running, and he handled the snowshoe with
expert skill. In 1887 it was claimed that he was "the best man in Canada who
ever strapped on a racing shoe." In the winter of 1888 he accompanied Lieu-
tenant Schwatka in the explorer's trip through the Yellowstone Park and was the
only man who came out in as good shape as he went in.

In March, 1891, Mr. Ross married Miss Alice Margaret Alonk, daughter of
the late John Monk, an advocate of ^Montreal, and they have two daughters,
Marjorie and Evelyn.

THOMAS MUSSEN.

One of the best known merchants of the past generation in Montreal, and a
man whose well ordered life and high business principles commanded the respect
of all who knew him, was born in 1804, in Yorkshire, England, and came to Canada
with his parents in 1817, the family home being established in the south part of
the province of Quebec near the Vermont line.

Thomas Mussen early entered business life in Montreal, becoming a clerk
with the firm of William Smith & Company with whom he remained for about
ten years. He was careful with his earnings and in 1827, he had saved sufficient
capital to enable him to purchase a small stock of dry goods, opening a store on
St. Paul street, near Jacques Cartier Square, then the heart of the retail district.

The business prospered from the first and when larger cjuarters were demanded
he removed to Notre Dame street, at the corner of St. Gabriel, being the first
merchant to locate on Notre Dame street, and afterwards located at the corner
of St. Lawrence boulevard and Notre Dame street, where he continued until
1865. In that year the store was removed to Craig street, near St. Lawrence
boulevard, where he continued until his new building was erected at the Lomer
of St. Lambert and Notre Dame. There the business was successfully continued
by him until his death April 5, 1892. Each remoxal had indicated a demand
for larger quarters. The business was marked by continuous growth and devel-
opment under the strong guiding hand of Mr. Mussen, who came to be ranked
with the leading merchants of the city. His store was one of the leading luui-
mercial establishments of the province. After the death of Mr. Mussen. the
business was carried on by his sons. William W. and Henry S., until 1900
when it was 'discontinued, the brothers retiring from active business. William
W. Mussen died in T0O4 and Henry S. Mussen passed away in 1912.

Harold Beaufort Mussen, son of William W., and a well known insurance

and real-estate broker of Montreal, after acquiring his education in the schools

of his native city, entered the employ of the Canada Atlantic Railway, where his
Vol. m— 10

210 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

developing powers and ability won him promotion until he became general agent.
He continued with them until October, 1904. when after a service of twelve
years he withdrew to engage in business on his own account.

PETER LYALL.

In the death of Peter Lyall Montreal lost a citizen who left the impress of
his individuality for good upon the community in which he lived. He was a man
of fine personal appearance, and his splendid physique was an indication of the
strength of his mental and moral nature. For many years he was connected with
business interests as a prominent contractor, being the head of the Peter Lyall
& Sons Construction Company, Ltd. While in his seventieth year at the time
of his death, he had always remained in active connection with his business until
a few days prior to his demise.

Scotland numbered Mr. Lyall among her native sons, his birth having occurred
at Castletown, Caithness, Scotland, where he gained a practical knowledge of the
contracting business before crossing the Atlantic in 1870. When he sought a home
in the new world Montreal was his destination and he made his initial step in
circles here in the employ of his cousin, the later Peter Nicholson. Six years
were sufficient to bring him a wide acquaintance that he believed justified him in
embarking in business on his own account. He was joined by his two sons,
William and Traill O. in 1892. who are still connected with the business that was
established in Montreal in 1876. The third son, Peter D. Lyall, is head of a large
contracting firm in Winnipeg. From the time that he started out independently
Peter Lyall was successful and his name figured prominently in connection with
building operations in Montreal and this part of Canada. He kept in close touch
with all phases of the business and with all progressive steps therein. Many of
the business structures of Montreal still stand as monuments to his ability, his
energy and his notable ambition. He carried out the erection of the Quebec
Bank Building, the Royal Victoria Hospital, Macdonald Engineering buildings
at McGill, the Sun Life building, the Canada Life, the Grand Trunk general
offices, the Coristine building, the new Board of Trade, the Stock Exchange,
the Guardian Life, the Dominion Express and Transportation buildings, and
hundreds of others. Some of the finest residences of the city also stand as
monuments to his handiwork, notably among which are the homes of the late
Sir Edward S. Clouston and George L. Cains. From the time that he started
out in business his rise was continuous. It was soon evident that he understood
the building business, both from a scientific and practical standpoint, that his
reliability made him worthy of a liberal patronage, and that his energy and
indomitable spirit made possible the prompt and faithful execution of his con-
tracts. Success came to him soon and was well merited, so that he gained place
among the prosperous residents of the city. His ability in management, his
power of carefully formulating plans and then executing them with determination
was seen in his cooperation in the organization of a numl)er of companies which
have constituted leading factors in industrial, commercial and financial circles.
He was one of the promoters of the Lachinc Rapids Hydraulic S: Land Company,

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 211

formed in 1896, and of the Midway Land Company in the same year. He was
one of the organizers of the Laprairie Brick Company in iy04.

Mr. Lyall was united in marriage to Miss Ciiristina Oman, who, Hke her
husband, was a native of Castletown, Caithness, Scotland. They became the
parents of three sons, William and Traill O., of Montreal, Peter D., of Winnipeg
and a daughter, now Mrs. D. W. Lockerby, of ]\Iontreal. .Mr. Lyall possessed a
social nature that found expression in his membership in the Canada, Reform,
Canadian, Country and Engineers Clubs. His kindly disjiosition made liim a
favorite in all circles, and among no class of people was he more appreciated than
by his own eniiiloyes. He was deeply interested in all that pertained to affairs
of government and to municipal progress. For many years he was a prominent
member of the liberal party, earnestly striving to promote its success, and in
1904 he unsuccessfully contested the St. Antoine district for the Dominion par-
liament. At one time he was president of the Montreal Reform Club and at all
times took a firm stand in opposition to misrule in public affairs and in support
of all that he believed would uphold the honored tenets of government and pro-
mote the best interests of the people in general. For two years he was a member
of the Montreal city council and brought his splendid business acumen to bear
on civic problems, proving himself one of the strongest men at the council table.
He was afterward eagerly besought to again become a member of the council but
declined. He took a deep and helpful interest in the Citizens Association, being
in hearty sympathy with its purpose, and at the time of his demise was one of its
vice presidents. Above and beyond all this Mr. Lyall was known as a man of
most generous and benevolent spirit, ever seeking to promote the welfare and
happiness of his fellowmen. He could not listen unmoved to a. tale of sorrow
or distress, and to the extent of his ability he extended a helping hand to the
needy. He gave not only freely of his money but also a large portion of his time
to good works. He was president of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane at
X'erdun, and his eff'orts were a potent force in making it one of the excellent
institutions of its character in the country. The Western Hospital found him
ec|ually helpful and generous. Thus he made his presence felt beneficially in
commercial, political and philanthropic circles. To know him was to esteem
and honor him by reason of what he accomplished and the methods he pursued.
The most envious could not grudge him his success, so honorably was it won and
so worthily used.

ALFRED B. DUFRESNE.

In insurance circles in Montreal and among business men in general the name
of Alfred B. Dufresne is well known because of his activity in the field to
which he directs his efforts. He was born April 13, 1874, at Joliette, Canada, a
son of J. Alfred and Honorine (Delfausse) Dufresne, who now reside in
Montreal. He was educated in Plateau Academy and at the age of eighteen
years began work as a clerk in the office of the Alliance Assurance Company in
Montreal. During the twelve years he served the company he won promotion
.from time to time until he became chief clerk, his capability and fidelity thus win-

212 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

nin.g him recognition and gaining for him substantial advancement. In 1903 he
was appointed inspector for the Mount Royal Assurance Company and so con-
tinued until 1907, when he was appointed chief specific rating inspector of the
Canadian Fire Underwriters Association. In 1908 he was appointed manager
of the Montreal-Canada Fire Insurance Company, filling the position for two
years, or until 1910, when he took up general agency work, now representing the
Northwestern National Insurance Company, the Montreal-Canada Fire Insur-
ance Company, the Anglo-American Fire Insurance Company, the Protection
Fire Insurance Company and the Rimouski Fire Insurance Company, with offices
in (he Duluth building.

On the I2th of October, 1909. Mr. Dufresne was married to Miss Gabrielle
Mathieu, and to them have been born two daughters, Jacqueline and Francoise.
The family reside at No. 171 Esplanade avenue, and Mr. Dufresne is a member of
the St. Denis Club. Much of his life has been passed in the city where he now
resides, and his admirable traits of character, as well as his business ability, have
gained him firm hold on the regard and good-will of all with whom he has been
associated.

CHARLES ALBERT DUCLOS.

The name of Charles Albert Duclos figures in professional circles in Montreal
as that of a lawyer whose ability has won for him a large clientage. He is a man
of scholarly attainments, which, added to his knowledge of the law, has gained
him prestige among the successful advocates of the city. A native of Joliette,
P. O., he was born on the 3d of August, 1861, his parents being the Rev. R. P.
and Sophie A. Jeaureneaud Duclos. The father was a French-Canadian, while
the mother was born in Switzerland. The Rev. R. P. Duclos has devoted his
life to the work of the ministry as a representative of the Presbyterian church.
Realizing the value of education as a factor for success in any chosen field of
labor, the father provided his son with good opportunities in that direction and,
after attending the Montreal high school, Charles A. Duclos entered McGill
University, in which he pursued the arts course, winning the B. A. degree in
1881. and then entered ui)iin the study of law, winning the B. C. L. degree, with
the Elizabeth Torrance gold medal in 1884. His high standing in scholarship
constituted the basis upon which his friends builded their belief in his successful
future, and the faith which they manifested has found justification in his profes-
sional career. Following his graduation he at once entered upon active practice
in Montreal, where he has remained continuously since. Aside from his practice
he' is the vice president of the Ross Realty Company, which was organized in
1906, and in that coinicctiDU he has displayed sound business judgment and
enterprise.

In June, 18S9, Mr. Duclos was united in marriage to Isabella S])ence, a
daughter of G. M. liolbrook, of Ottawa, and they reside at No. 488 Elm avenue,
Westmount. Mr. Duclos' fellow citizens of Westmount called him to the office
of mayor, in which he served in 1905-6, giving to the city a businesslike and
progressive administration. He is a conservative in politics, and he stands for

t'HAKI.KS A. DUCLOS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 215

all that means progress along material, intellectual, political and moral lines. His
religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church. His social connections are
with St. James, Canada, Ro\-al Montreal (iolf, St. Cieorge Snowshoe Clubs, of
Montreal ; and the Rideau Club, of CJ)ttawa. A]:)])reciative of the social amenities
of life and readily recognizing and appreciating these qualities in others, he has
gained many friends in these organizations. However, he regards the practice of
law as his real life work and bends his energies, in major part, toward his pro-
fessional duties. He was created king's counsel in 1903, and the years of his
active practice now cover nearly three decades — years in which he has made con-
tinuous advancement as the result of constantly developing power in the line of
his chosen profession.

REV. CANON JOHN MACPHERSON ALMOND.

Rev. Canon John Macpherson Almond, rector of Trinity church, Montreal,
is a man whose practical piety has been demonstrated in many ways, as a travel-
ing missionary, on the field of battle, in the pulpit and in quiet w'ork among his
people. His name stands as a synonym for sincerity of purpose, upright living
and breadth of mind, and his accomplishments have already been important
enough to form a notable part of the history of the Anglican church in Canada.
Canon Almond was born in Shigawake. Quebec province, July 27, 1872, and
is a son of James and Mary Ann (Macpherson) Almond. He studied in the
University of Bishop's College at Lennoxville, from which he was graduated
B. A. in 1894 and M. A. in 1901. He was ordained deacon in the Anglican
church in 1896 and priest in the following year, being stationed first as a mis-
sionary in Labrador and becoming afterward traveling missionary for the Que-
bec diocese. In October, 1899, he was commissioned chaplain to the Royal
Canadian Regiment and accompanied it to South Africa, where he was chaplain
to the Nineteenth Brigade, composed of the Gordons, Cornwalls. Shropshires
and Canadians. His conduct during the campaign received high praise, more
particularly in connection with his attendance on the enteric fever patients at
Bloemfontein, and he was given a medal for courageous and untiring work in
all conditions of danger both from the enemy and from disease and discomfort.

Returning to Canada in December. 1900, Canon Almond was made assistant
curate at Holy Trinity Cathedral, Quebec, and as such remained one year, after
which he was appointed rector at Grand Mere. In 1904 he was transferred to
Montreal, where he has since filled the position of rector of Trinity church,
winning the love, respect and confidence of his parishoners and the high regard
of all who have an opportunity of knowing his honorable and upright life. Canon
Almond is a preacher of great power and forcefulness and has won a wide
reputation as a speaker, delivering among others the oration at the decoration of
the soldiers' graves in Montreal on \'ictoria Day. 1905. He was elected presi-
dent of the South African Veterans Association of Montreal in 1908 and of the
Last Post Association two vears later. Since March, 191 1, he has held the office
of chaplain, with the honorary rank of captain, in the Sixth Duke of Connaught's
Royal Canadian Hussars. In 191 2 he was appointed chaplain of the Montreal

216 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

jails. Archdeacon Ker has called liim "a splendid preacher," and the Toronto
Globe speaks of him as "a man of zeal, practical piety and unselfishness, with
a knack for executive work" — triinites which he has won by most able and untir-
ing work in many fields. Canon Almond was married in October, 1901, to
Nellie Estelle, daughter of H. G. Beemer of Quebec.

\\tllia:\i langley bond, k. c.

William Langley Bond, one of the well known advocates of Montreal, belongs
to an old Canadian family, his parents being Lieutenant Colonel Frank and
Mary (Scott) Bond. Colonel Bond is a well known financial agent and stock-
broker of Montreal and is the eldest son of the late Archbishop Bond, Primate
of All Canada, and Eliza ( Langley ) Bond. The father has been connected with
banking and financial interests for many years and has also been prominent in
military life.

William L. Bond was born in ^Montreal, January 20, 1873. He attended
the high school in Montreal and then entered IMcGill University, from which he
received the degree of B. A. in 1894 and of B. C. L. in 1897. In 1898 he became
an advocate and shortly thereafter a member of the legal firm of Atwater, Duclos,
Bond & Meagher, of Montreal. Among the famous cases wliich he argued was
tlie Cantin case, which was tried before Jl. Comte, P. C, England. In Novem-
ber, 191 1, he was appointed a K. C.

For a number of years Mr. Bond was captain and adjutant of the Prince
of Wales Fusiliers. He is also honorary treasurer of the Province of Quebec
Rifle Association. In his religious faith he is an .\nglican and was elected lay
secretary of the Montreal Synod in 1907 and also church advocate. In 1910
he was made a governor of the Montreal Diocesan Theological College. Mr.
Bond is prominent in clul) life, being a member of the committee of St. James,
and a member of the Reform, the x\rts, and the Winter Clubs. He is a great
friend of outdoor sports and the lines along which he seeks recreation are indi-
cated by his membership in the Royal ?^Iontreal Golf Club, the Montreal Curling
Club and the Forest and Stream. He also belongs to the Montreal Military
Institute and is an honorary member of the Polo and Country Club.

ROBERT ANDERSON BECKET.

Robert Anderson Becket, did much to promote musical talent, directly assist-
ing many young musicians, and thus his loss was distinctl\- felt in musical circies,
when death called him on the lAh of May, 1910. Ho had passed the seventy-
fifth milestone on life's journey, his birth having occurred in .'>colland. December,
30, 1834. His father, James Becket, came to Canada with his family in 1841
and was connected with the customs department at Montreal, where Robert A.
pursued his education in jirixate schools. He was a young man in his twenty-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 217

fourth year, when on January ii, 1858, he wedded Anne Wilson, born in Belle-
meana, Ireland, a daughter of Samuel Wilson.

Robert A. Becket had made his initial step in business as bookkeeper for his
uncle, J. C. Becket, on St. James street in Montreal, but in the year of his mar-
riage, removed to Belleville, Ontario, where he embarked in business on his
own account conducting a music and stationery store, for about eight years, or
until 1866, when he returned to this city and became manager for the D. Morris
Ice Company. Some time passed and he became owner of this enterprise, in
which connection he built up a large and profitable business. He organized a
joint stock company called the City Ice Company, Limited, and devoted all of
his time to the conduct of his business, carefully directing its interests. He
was a progressive man and was especially active along musical lines, doing
much to help young musicians. He was also a prominent figure in quartet and
choir work and there was perhaps, no one who did more to stimulate among
the young, a love for music of the higher class, than Mr. Becket.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Becket were born twelve children, of whom five are
living: Christina A.; Dr. George C, of East Orange, New Jersey; Ralph A., of
Montreal ; Fred M., of Niagara Falls, New York ; and Frank W., of New York.
The family attend the Erskine church, of which Mr. Becket was a prominent
member and elder, his religious faith constituting the root from which sprang
his many good deeds, wrought along lines of continuous benefit to his fellowmen.

HAROLD EARLE WALKER.

Harold Earle Walker, practicing at the l)ar of Montreal as a member of the
law firm of Chauvin, Baker & Walker, was born in Westmount, Quebec, in
1882. His father, James Robert W'alker, a native of the city of Quebec, became
senior partner of the well known firm of J. R. Walker & Company of Montreal
and is not only well known in business circles but also through his active con-
nection with public afifairs. At one time he was mayor of Westmount and has
taken an active part in furthering matters of civic virtue and civic pride. He
married Agnes Cooper Earle.

After attending the Abingdon school, Mr. Walker became a student in McGill
University, completing the arts course in 1904 and the law course with the class
of 1907. His standing is indicated l)y the fact that he won the Elizabeth Torrance
gold medal and the Macdonald scholarship. Following his graduation with the
class of 1907, which was indicative of the completion of the thorough course of
law prescribed by McGill, he was admitted to the bar and after a year spent in
France returned to Montreal to enter upon the active practice of his profession,
which he now follows as a member of the law firm of Chauvin. Baker & Walker.
An extensive practice is fast adding to his experience and developing the powers
with which nature endowed him.

In Montreal, in 191 1, Mr. Walker was united in marriage to ]\Iiss Hazel A.
Hart, a daughter of R. A. Baldwin Hart. His religious faith is that of the Pres-
bvterian church, and something of the nature of his recreation is indicated in
the fact that he is a member of the Beaconsfield Golf Club.- He is a typical young

218 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

professional man of ihe age, alert, energetic, watchful of opportunities. His
friends anticipate for him future success, and the record he has already made
shows that he has taken a far step in advance since entering upon the active prac-
tice of law.

JOSEPH BOWLES LEARMOXT.

The history of a country is no longer an account of wars and conquests, but
is a record of notable business activity, of intellectual, aesthetic and moral prog-
ress and political management and control. While never active in the field of
politics, Joseph Bowles Learmont was not only highly successful where his tastes
led, but was as well one of the foremost merchants of the city, and well known in
the business community of Montreal. He cooperated in various interests having
broad humanitarianism as their basic principle, and he was a connoisseur on rare
books and engravings. His interests were wide and varied and brought him into
close connection with many of the leading citizens of the Dominion.

Mr. Learmont was a native of Montreal. From the beginning of his business
career success attended him so that he at length was numbered among the city's
most substantial business men. In all his career there was no esoteric phase, his
advancement having been through constructive and progressive methods. Study-
ing the demands of the times and the conditions of trade he was no small factor in
the growth and development of the extensive wholesale hardware business of
Caverhill, Learmont & Company, of which Mr. Learmont was the senior mem-
ber. This well known house succeeded Crathern & Caverhill (which was estab-
lished in 1854) and occupies a foremost position in its line, with a reputation for
commercial integrity second to none.

Successful business man that he was, commerce constituted but one feature in
the life of Mr. Learmont. He was of decided literary tastes and was frequently
heard on literary and historical subjects. He was, moreover, the author of a
most interesting paper on folk lore, in which extended mention is made of the
folk lore of Canada. Another paper of equal interest from his pen is on The
Canadian Indian. ]\lr. Learmont was widely known as a collector of rare books
and manuscripts, etchings, engravings and autograph letters, his knowledge of
such being that of a connoisseur. His collection of Bibles comprised more than
one hundred rare volumes. He also wrote on engravings, translations of the
English versions of the Bible, children's elementary books, etc.

Mr. Learmont's keen interest in matters historic was probably best shown
in his purchase of Quebec House, the home of Major General James Wolfe,
Westcrham, Kent. England. The motive which inspired liim to make the ]nir-
chase was to secure the pro]5erty for the Canadian people, to be held Iw them in
perpetuity "irrespective of race, language or creed.'' His desire was that the
Canadian ])eople maintain it so that it may be open to visitors and free to all that
are interested in Canada. Mr. Learmont always manifested the keenest interest
in anything associated with Wolfe and had made a collection of engravings of
the famous general. He also possessed an excellent painting of Wolfe's father,
the work of Sir Jam* Thornhill.

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JOSEPH B. LEARMONT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL ■ 221

Mr. Learmont was a nicnibcr of the council of the ^[ontrcal Art Association
and treasurer of the local branch and one of the council of the Archaeological
Institute of America. He likewise became one of the early members of the
Anti(|uarian Society of Montreal.

Mr. Learmont was first married to Miss Amelia Jane llolton, a dauf^hter of
the late Hon. L. H. Holton, '\l. P.,- a ])rominent parliamentarian and statesman.
I'ollowing her death, he married, in 18S2, Charlotte Smithers, a daughter of the
late Charles F. Smithers, president of the ISank of Montreal. Mr. and Mrs.
Learmont were always in full accord concerning religious and charitable work.
He was connected with the Congregational church anfl a generous sui)])orter of
church and benevolent enterprises. Mrs. Learmont is particularly well known in
efforts to ameliorate the conditions of life for the unfortunate. She is interested
in the movement for providing playgrounds for children ; is vice president of the
Montreal Day Nursery; vice president of the local branch of the Needle Work
(juild, and president and convener of the local branch of the ladies' committee
of the \'ictorian Order of Nurses. She is likewise a director of the City Improve-
ment League ; was one of the directors of the Royal Edward Listitute, and is
one of the honorary presidents of the Young Women's Christian Association.
She was one of a deputation, headed by the Countess of Aberdeen, who pre-
sented Queen Alexandra an address of congratulation from twenty-five hundred
women of Canada.

Mr. Learmont was a member of the committee of management of the Montreal
General Hospital ; a member of the board and a governor of the Montreal branch
of the Mctorian Order of Nurses, and a director of the Charity Organization
Society. He belonged to the Montreal Board of Trade, of which he was for two
years a councilor, and in more strictly social lines was a member of the St. James,
Mount Royal, Montreal and City Clubs. He was termed "a man of exquisite
taste and deep knowledge on special subjects." He was an advocate of all that
is most progressive and beneficial, never choosing the second best but seeking out
those things which are most beneficial to the individual and to the community,
recognizing every man's relation and obligation to his fellowman.

Mr. Learmont died March 12, 1914.

FREDERICK WILLIAM THOMPSON.

Centuries past the history of a country consisted of a record of wars and
conquests — the contest of man with man ; today the history is the record of
man's contests with material forces and those who are making the history of a
country are the men who are controlling its important agricultural, commercial
and professional interests. It is they who are shaping the annals of the nation
and those who rise to leadership in any given line are the men who are pre-
paring the records that in years to come will be eagerly read as the history of the
past. In this connection the name of Frederick William Thompson stands
prominently forth, for he became one of the foremost figures in connection with
the milling industry of Canada. He was born in Montreal, January 16, 1862,

222 • HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and was but in the prime of life when he passed away in London, England, May
7, 1912. His parents were the late Andrew and Josephine (DeLesperance)
Thompson. The son was educated in Montreal and in Brooklyn, New York,
living for some years in the latter city. Subsequently he returned to Montreal
and entered the service of the Exchange Bank as a clerk, remaining with that insti-
tution for seven years. It was thus that he gained his preliminarv business
experience which he later turned to account in the management of milling opcia-
tions. In 1882 he joined the Ogilvie ]\Iills in Winnipeg, becoming general man-
ager of the Ogilvie Milling Company in 1888. Following the death of W. W.
Ogilvie in 1900 the entire company's interests were consolicjated and the busi-
ness purchased by I\Ir. Thompson and C. R. Hosmer. In 191 1 the Ogilvies were
made millers to the King. The business gradually grew and developed and
became a focal point in the milling industry of the country, setting the stanuard
for activity along that line. Mr. Thompson was active in coordinating forces
and in developing an enterprise which became second to none in all Canada. He
had wonderful powers of organization and could unite seemingly diverse elements
into a unified and harmonious whole. He considered no detail as too unim-
portaot to claim his attention, while, at the same time, he gave due regard to the
major points in his business. His executive force and management were many
times called forth in other connections.

He had voice in the control of many important business and financial interests
and in affairs of a public and semi-public character. He was a director of the
Canadian branch of the Liverpool & London & Globe Insura^nce Company, the
Montreal Transportation Company, the Canadian Appraisal Company, the Electric
Flour Patents Company, the E. N. Heney Company, the Royal Bank of Canada,
the Manitoba Asstirance Company, and was president of the Keystone Transpor-
tation Company and of the Canada Appraisal Company. He was also the origi-
nator of the Kaministiqua Power Companv and of a large number of other
enterprises which contributed to the history of the country in its commercial and
financial development.

As stated, Mr. Thompson was a prominent figure in relation to many public
and semi-public interests. He was a governor of the Winnipeg General Hospital ;
and a life governor of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane, the Western Home
and the Boys' Home. In igo8 he lectured on Plain Business Facts. He was
president of the Winnipeg Industrial Exchange Association and of the Winnipeg
Board of Trade. He was likewise a vice presideiit of the Winnipeg Rowing Club :
president and patron of the local branch of the Royal Caledonia Curling Club,
and honorary president of the Winnipeg Hockey Club. He was a diractor of
the Montreal Association for the Blind, governor of the Montreal ^^'estern Hos-
pital, councilor of the Montreal Board oi Trade, and in Montreal no less than in
Winnipeg he was greatly interested in all ])ublic enterprises and philanthroiiic
undertakings. In 1903 he was a delegate to the Fifth Commercial Congress
of the Emjjire.

In the previous year Mr. Tliom])son received the Prince and Princess of
Wales, now King George and Queen Mary, at the Ogilvie Mill in Winnipeg and
subsequently presented the Princess with the i)icture of the largest flour mill in
the British Empire. It was in the same year ih.it the largest shipment of flour to
.'^outh .'\merica from the Dominion of Crniada was made.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 223

111 1882 Mr. Thompson was united in marriage to Miss Wilhelmina Reid, a
daughter of the late VVilHam Reid of Bedford, province of Quebec, and their chil-
dren were Marion, Fred, Alice and Helen. The first named became the wife of
D. C. Rea, of Winni[)eg, manager of the Royal ISaiik. Mr. Thomiison was
prominently known in ciuh and social circles, holding membership in the St.
James, Mount Royal, Canada, h'orest and Stream, Royal Montreal Golf, Mon-
treal Jockey, and Auto and .\ero Clubs; Montreal .Amateur .\thletic Association;
the Montreal Curling Club; the Rideau Club of Ottawa; the Constitutional of
London ; Manitoba of Winnipeg ; and the York Club of Toronto.

Perhaps no better estimate of the life and character of Mr. Thompson can
be given than by quoting from an editorial which appeared in one of the papers
at the time of his demise and which read :

"Death has within a year robbed the Canadian milling industry of its two
most prominent leaders. During the years which brought Robert Meighen and
Frederick William Thompson to the top, the flour milling industry underwent an
expansion and consolidation second only to that of the transportation industry
and the metal industries. The process was peculiarly favorable to the rise of men
of strong personal character and large intellectual capacity. It is not surprising,
therefore, to find the leaders of the industry taking a larger part in the public life
of the country than those of almost any other business. Without ever seeking
office or public honors, for which indeed the cares of his business left him no
time, the late Mr. Thompson exercised a very wide and effective influence upon
the beliefs and policies of Canada in business matters. When he spoke it was not
as a mere expert miller, but as an authority of the widest knowledge ; and as he
never wasted a public utterance by dealing with any matter on which he was not
perfectly informed, he was listened to with a respect which neither his wealth
nor his business success alone could have commanded. There are men still living
who can remember when the flour milling of Canada was carried on in hundreds
of small local mills under separate ownership. The process of centralizing the
industry has been pretty well completed now; such companies as that of which
Mr. Thompson was the active head are national in their sco])e and the extent of
their properties.

"He has been cut off in the prime of life and it is difficult to conjecture what
further progress of organization he might have participated in. had he lived.
\Miatever it might be, we can be sure that the interests of Canada would have
been advantaged, for he was a thorough Canadian by birth and by conviction and
ever regarded the milling industry less as a source of wealth than as a factor
in Canada's greatness. In these days the best and most practical form of
patriotism is frequentlv to be found in business."

WILLIAM H. HOPE.

William H. Hope, for more than thirty years an active business man on St.
Catherine street, near Mansfield, was born, March 9, 1840, in the north of
England, and died September 11, IQ03, so that his life span compassed sixty-three
years. He came to Montreal as a young man and on July 26, 1S78, was married

224 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

in this city to Miss Alary E. Percy. Their family numbered seven children : Lena,
who is Mrs. Thomas Bradley, now a resident of New York city; Eva, the wife
of Rev. Himter Laverie. of Forest, Ontario; William G., of Portland, Oregon;
Adam V., who died in infancy ; Sadie, who is the wife of George Wanless, of
Outremont ; Clittord R. ; and Elsie.

Air. Hope was a well known business man, conducting an art store at one
location for over thirty years. His business integrity was above question and he
was respected by all who knew him. In his political faith he was a conservative,
but did not take an active part in politics. He was interested, however, in the pro-
.notion of athletic and outdoor sports for the young. A man of domestic taste,
he found his greatest happiness at his own fireside, doing everything in his power
to promote the welfare of his wife and children. He held membership in St,
Paul's Presbyterian church and his life was actuated by high and honorable
principles that made him a thorough gentleman, courteous, kindly and consider-
ate at all times.

JAMES O'CONNOR

Prominent in the business and financial life of the city, James O'Connor was
numbered among Montreal's well known and successful business men. He was
born at St. Alphonse, province of Quebec, and when a youifg man in his teens,
came to Montreal at which time his capital was but little more than his energy,
pluck and determination. From the time of his arrival here his attention was
largely concentrated upon business affairs and he wisely improved his time and
opportunities, thus advancing step by step until he reached the plane of affluence.
For many years he had charge of the wholesale pork packing house on Williams
street and there laid the foundation for his fortune.

For a number of years before his death, Mr. O'Connor had largely confined
his business activities to the stock market, where he was a prominent figure.
While a man of sound judgment and keen business sagacity, one of his strongest
characteristics was his great courage and persistency. During the great financial
depression of 1907, when security values were slumping in a manner that brought
financial ruin to many, Mr. O'Connor's fortune suffered a large shrinkage. He
had confidence in the future, however, and the pluck to hold on, with the result
that he recouped his losses and added substantially to his fortune, which was esti-
mated at over a half million dollars at the time of his retirement.

He was one of the largest individual holders of Dominion Steel preferred and
also an extensive holder of the common stock. He was likewise a heavy stock-
holder in the Dominion Coal Company.

All his life he was a man of business, which through careful attention brotight
him substantial as well as honorable sticcess. Mr. O'Connor was a figtire that
attracted attention and he made lasting friendships in business as well as in private
life. He was known as a man of his word, and always ready to lend a helping hand
to those less fortunate in life's battle. Many of his acts of kindness and sub-
stantial assistance were known only to the recipients. His acquaintance was large
and inclufled the prominent business and public men of his time.

JAMES O'CONNOR

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 227

Mr. O'Connor held membership in St. Anthony's CathoHc church and in
poHtics he was a conservative. In his habits and tastes, he was most domestic,
finding his greatest pleasure in administering to the welfare and happiness of his
family. The most envious could not jjegrudge him his success, so honorably was
it won and so worthily used for the benefit and assistance of others. His nature
was one of extreme generosity and his example is worthy of emulation.

His sudden death on April 15, 1909, left a widow, a son and two daughters.
James O'Connor is a resident of Montreal ; Margaret resides at home ; and Laura
Esther is now Mrs. G. F. Hemsley. Mrs. O'Connor previous to her marriage
which took place in St. Patrick's church, Montreal, was Miss Catherine Curran,
a daughter of John Curran, a prominent and distinguished citizen of this city.

HARRIS VINEBERG.

Among the mercantile institutions of Montreal is that of H. Vineberg &
Company, clothing manufacturers for the trade, the inception and building up
of which business is entirely due to the indefatigable efforts of H. Vineberg.
The firm occupies what is known as \'ineberg's building, eight stories in height.
Hundreds of young men have learned their trade and received their start in this
establishment, and that many of them today occupy creditable positions in life
is in a measure due to the lofty principles which are the policy of the firm. Many
have profited by Mr. Vineberg's kindly advice, who took an interest in each
employe of his large enterprise and who, moreover, often helped them to begin
their career in the right direction. Mr. Vineberg has aided many men who are
today prominent in professional life in the city and has ever taken a deep interest
in charitable and church organizations, having particularly given his aid to those
who came to this country in straitened circumstances in order to enjoy the ])riv-
ileges of British freedom, British institutions and the prosperity held out to all
who but want to grasp it in the vast Canadian commonwealth.

Harris Vineberg was born in 1853, on the 25th of December, a Jewish feast
day called Chanuka, in Zidugira, Russian Poland. Zidugira means Jewish bush,
and his ancestors owned the vast forests in Poland from which this name is
derived. It may be mentioned in this connection that the cable address used
by the house of H. Mneberg & Company toda\' is "Zidugira,'' perpetuating in
a manner the memory of that place which gave birth to him and whence he sallied
forth into the world to build his fortune. It seems that this reverent attitude
toward his birthplace, toward his parents and toward his people has been the
guiding star over Mr. \"ineberg's career, the star which has led him to. the goal.
His parents were Lazarus and Malca Vineberg, the former of whom died in
Palestine in 1901 and the latter in 1882.

Their son Harris received a strictly orthodox education from private teach-
ers. After liaving mastered the curriculum he assisted his father in the lumber
business for the last two years which he spent in his native land. However, the
young man could not content himself with the limitations which hedged him in
on all sides under Russian rule and. coveting the opportunity of a wider sphere

228 ' HISTORY OF :M0NTREAL

of action, he made up his mind to seek that country under which the greatest per-
sonal liberty, the greatest freedom of thought, the greatest tolerance of religious
views prevailed. With an eye to the practical, he selected that part of the
empire which seemed to him to hold out the greatest opportunity.

In September, 1872, Mr. Vineberg came to Montreal on the steamship Sar-
matian. A brother had broken the home ties with him and with this brother
he worked one year in Glengarry county, where he acquired a fair knowledge
of English. He then made for Montreal in order to profit by the opportunities
which the fast growing center of population held out and for seven months he
worked in a humble capacity, earning but two dollars a week. On Satur-
days and Sundays he instructed two boys in the Hebrew language and in this
manner earned sufficient to pay for his board. Quickly accommodating himself,
however, to the new conditions of life, Mr. Vineberg never lost sight of his pur-
pose and, husbanding his small resources, he strove eagerly to establish himself
in business. He opened a small store at No. 662 Craig street, near St. Peter, and
devoted his whole time for one year to that establishment with such good success
that at the end of that period he had to seek larger quarters on McGill street,
where he remained until 1876, when removal was made to Lancaster, Ontario.
Careful of his profits, he was there enabled to establish a general country store
of considerable size which he conducted for four years, — years which brought
him added prosperity. Mr. \'ineberg has ever held a warm place in his heart
for the little village of Lancaster, to which he largely credits his commercial
education. There he had already attained such prominence thdt he was moving
in the best of circles and was associated with and sought out by the foremost
men of that county. In 1880 Mr. Vineberg returned to Montreal, having defin-
itely decided to engage in the manufacture of clothing and, beginning in a small
way in a private house, he formed a partnership with G. Burnett under the
firm style of G. Burnett & Company. Although the firm's policy was such that
it should have resulted in success, it was forced to close out in 1891 and liquidated
in that year. Such means as Mr. \'ineberg had acquired up to that time were
swept away by this unfortunate venture, and when he started again in 1892.
tenaciously holding to his purpose, he had to begin practically without capital.
However, he enjoyed a good reputation and among his personal following were
many who had utmost confidence in his integrity and ability. He seciu"ed the
assistance of Mr. Westgate of the H. B. Knitting Company, and it was this com-
bination which formed the beginning of Progress brand clothing, under which
name the output of H. Vineberg & Company is favorably known to the trade in
all the Dominion. His thorough understanding of the business, his capacity
for detail, his executive ability and understanding of human nature led him to
the position which he now occupies at the head of one of the leading establish-
ments of its kind in the city. The finn was incorporated in 1908 and in 1912
was transformed into a joint stock company, of which Air. \'inel)erg became the
president.

Although Mr. Vineberg's mercantile interests are large, he has found time
and opportunity to ])rove himself one of those men to whom the jirogress of the
city and the welfare of its people is of foremost importance. Deeply grateful for
such success as has come to him — and in his modest way not at all ascribing it to
his personality, his energy, his patience, his judgment and industry — Mr. Vine-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 229

berg welcomes the opportunity of giving to charitable institutions and of aiding
those who strive to make a success of Hfe. He has never forgotten how he once
started himself — a poor Jewish boy without means and friends — and how he had
to struggle to obtain a place in society. It is therefore but natural that he shows
the deepest understanding and the greatest sympathy for those who today find
themselves in similar conditions, even if these are not so trying as those which
the young emigrant from the Sarmatian met. Mr. Vineberg is a director of the
Jewish Colonization Institute, engaged in Jewish communal work. He was presi-
dent of the Young Men's Benevolent Hebrew Society from 1888 until 1892, dur-
ing which time Baron de Hirsch sent the first ten thousand dollars with which the
Baron de Hirsch Institute was founded. Before being president of this society,
Mr. Vineberg was a director and in that capacity wrote to the famous Jewish
philanthropist calling his attention to the needs of such an institution, and it 'was he
who was largely instrumental in founding the institute at St. Elizabeth street. In
addition to his duties in connection with the Benevolent Hebrew Society for
Young Men and the Baron de Hirsch Institute, Mr. Vineberg was one of those
who were most active in promoting its religious school and he was chairman of
the committee having charge over that department for many years. He is a
member of the Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue and also of the English and Ger-
man Synagogue on McGill College avenue, in which latter he held the position
of secretary for four years. He was one of the leading and most energetic spirits
in moving the synagogue to McGill College avenue from St. Constant street, being
at that time the secretary. He also is a director of the Hebrew Free Loan Asso-
ciation and a member of every Jewish charitable institution in Montreal. How-
ever, that his charity and his interest in those who are afflicted is not limited by
creed is evident from the fact that he is a governor of the Montreal General
Hospital.

During his long business career Mr. Vineberg has been the mentor of many
of the leading merchants and manufacturers of this city who began their careers
in his employ and who learned their trade in his place and there laid the founda-
tions of their fortunes. Hundreds of well-to-do families in Montreal have been
able to establish themselves in comfortable circumstances through their connec-
tion with the house of Vineberg & Company. There are a number of professional
men who occupy an honored place in their spheres of activities and who are
indebted to Mr. \'ineberg for timely help and advice and there are many who are
well known in the city today who reached these shores as emigrants with small
means, and friendless, and who found in him one who was willing to assuage
such troubles as beset them.

Mr. Vineberg is devoting much of his time to the care of his wife, a sufiferer,-
and it is therefore but natural that he does not give so much of his time to the
active operation of his large business interests, the management of the house of
H. Vineberg & Company being entrusted largely to the husband of his eldest
daughter. Yet he is still active and his advice is highly valued and often sought
in commercial circles. He is a member of the Board of Trade and in that con-
nection has always stood for things which would promote progress and pros-
perity in Montreal. He is a member of the Canadian Manufacturers Association
and a director of the Canadian Credit Men's Association. Although he is
interested in all movements that make for efficient government of city, province

230 ■ HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and Dominion, for the highest type of sanitary system, the best health conditions,
the beautification of the city, he has never actively entered the political arena.

On October 27i, 1876, Mr. \'ineberg married Miss Lily Goldberg, daughter of
the late Rev. Hyman Goldberg, who far a numb.er of years was assistant minister
of the Spanish-Portuguese Synagogue. Mr. and Mrs. Vineberg became the
parents of three daughters: Libbie, who married Isidor Cohen, a member of H.
Vnieberg & Company ; Eva, who married A. J. Hart, president and general man-
ager of the Hart Manufacturing Company; and Malca, who is the w^ife of A.
Z. Cohen, a member of the firm of L. Cohen & Sons.

Mr. and Mrs. \'ineberg have twelve grandchildren, and it may be mentioned as
illustration of his deep affection for his family that the pictures of these children
adorn the walls of his private office. When deeply engaged in business thoughts,
these children's faces, no doubt, smile to him encouragement and fill him with
satisfaction in the knowledge that around him are growing up generations of his
own blood who appreciate and love him for what he is to them and will honor
him for what he has done to lighten their life's burdens when they will occupy
the stage of life's activities.

PHILEMON COUSINEAU, B. A., LL. D., K. C, M. L. A.

As a member of the firm of Bastien, Bergeron, Cousineau,'Lacasse & Jasmin,
Philemon Cousineau, K. C, occupies a foremost position among the legal frater-
nity of Montreal. Moreover, he has gained a reputation as a legislator and is
considered today one of the foremost authorities on constitutional law in the
province. He has important commercial interests, and his career has had in its
various aspects a lasting influence upon the growth and development of the city.
He was born at St. Laurent. Quebec, on October 23, 1874. and is a son of Gervais
and Angelique (Grou) Cousineau.

Philemon Cousineau was educated at Sainte Therese College and Laval
University, from which he graduated in 1896. Being called to the bar, he began
the active practice of law in July of that year and has ever since continued with
increasing success. He is professor of constitutional and municipal law at Laval
University, whicli institution of learning conferred upon him the degree of
LL. D., after he had presented a thesis on Corporations. He has also been for
some time king's covmsel and enjoys a profitable and representative practice.

Mr. Cousineau is extensively interested in industrial and financial projects
which have had to do with the city's progress, among them Ijeing the Mount
Ro\'al Telephone Company, of which he was president, and previous to its absorp-
tion by the Canadian Light & Power Company he was a director of the Sara-
guay J-ight & Power Company. He is also president of the St. Lawrence
Tobacco Company. He w-as mayor of the town of St. Laurent from 1904 to
1908 and both as an official and citizen has had no little to do with the progress
of that flourishing town.

In 1897 Mr. Cousineau was united in marriage to Miss 1 lehnina ( lendron,
and they have four daughters. In politics Mr. Cousineau is a conservative and in
1908 was elected to the legislature of the province of Queliec from tlie county

PHILEMON COUSINEAU

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 233

of Jacques Carticr and reelected in 1912. He is a trusted counselor of the party
and has done far-reaching work on conupittees as well as on the floor of the
house. Public-spirited in the most noble sense of the word, he has ever stood
for that which is best for the greatest number. In 1913 he was delegate of the
Canadian government to the general meeting of the International Institute of
Agriculture at Rome, Italy.

EDOUARD NAPOLEON HEBERT.

The house of Hebert has been one of the foremost families of the Dominion
since the early dawn of Canadian history. One of the lirst Canadian farmers,
Louis Hebert, arrived in Quebec with his family in 1617. Tradition has it that
previously he passed some time in Acadia, where he "was the first to utilize the
salt-water marshes of the Bay of Fundy by building dikes to keep out the tides."
He continued to cultivate the soil at Quebec and on February 28, 1626, as a
reward to him and an encouragement to others, the Due de Ventadour, viceroy
of New France, issued a patent granting Hebert "in fief noble to him and his
assigns forever" a seignorial domain on the River St. Charles, near Quebec, and
confirming to him a concession made by the preceding viceroy, the Due de Mont-
morency. It was expressly stated in the deed that these grants were made in con-
sideration of Hebert's "long and painful labors, perils and expenses, incessantly
supported in the discovery of the lands of Canada and that he is the head of the
first family which has settled and dwelt there since the year 1600 till now * * *
having left his relations and friends to go and form this commencement of a colony
of Christian people in those lands * * * which are deprived of the knowledge
of God." Charles Lecroix Hebert, a rich trader and the first fanner on the island
of Montreal, built a residence in 1655 on Jean Baptiste street, which is still
standing and which is shown in one of the illustrations of this history. Hebert,
named Lariviere, was born in 1633 and was a companion in arms of Dollard
and present at the massacre of Long Sault in May, 1660.

Edouard Napoleon Hebert was born in Montreal on March 10. 1874, and is
a son of J. Napoleon Hebert, who was born January 14, 1850. His father, Louis
Hebert, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Quebec in 1810 or 1812
and from that city removed to Montreal, while his father was the proprietor of
the Boulangerie du Roi (bakery of the king) at Quebec. This establishment was
subsequently continued by one of his sons, a brother of the grandfather of our
subject.

E. Napoleon Hebert, in the acc|uirement of his education, attended Montcalm
school of this city and subsequently improved his advantages by a commercial
course. He entered upon active business life in connection with Hudon & Hebert,
engaged in the grocery business, for whom he made customs entries and acted
as assistant cashier. He is now treasurer of the "Twelve Companies" and largely
engaged in the real-estate luisiness, being a young man of very great ability, pleas-
ant in manners and of sound judgment. In two years the "Twelve Companies"
with which he is connected have disposed of properties to the value of eleven

million dollars, which gives an indication of the magnitude of their transactions.
Vol. ni— 11

234 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Hebert is considered one of the best informed men as to realty values here
and his advice and judgment are often sought by large investors and he has in
many ways been instrumental in promoting the growth and furthering the wel-
fare of his city. He is also interested in a cigar box factory which gives employ-
ment to eighty men.

On July 7, 1891, at ^Montreal, Mr. Hebert was united in marriage to Miss
Cecilia Drolet and they have become the parents of twelve children, four sons
and eight daughters. The eldest son, Charles-Edouard, is married and the other
three are Armand, Charles and Jean. The daughters are Gabrielle, Herminie,.
Adrienne, Cecile. Marie-Therese, Germaine, Gilberte and Paulette.

In his political affiliations Mr. Hebert is a liberal, stanchly upholding the prin-
ciples of his party. He is well known in fraternal orders, in most of which he
has held important offices, being connected with the Independent Order of For-
esters and the Canadian Order of Foresters. He is a member of the L' Alliance
Nationale, of the Club Canadien and the Qub St. Louis. His religious faith is
that of the Catholic church and he is prominent in the church of the Immaculate
Conception, in which for twenty-five years he has been organist. A man of great
energy and vast information as regards his business, Mr. Hebert occupies a high
place among the business men of Montreal and can ever be found in the front
ranks of those who have at heart the welfare of their city. Although he has
never cared to participate in official life, he gladly supports worthy public enter-
prises and enjoys the high respect and regard of all who come in contact with him.
in business or social relations. '

CHARLES SAMUEL JOHN PHILLIPS.

Many of the organized efl^orts for benefiting the general interests of society
have felt the stimulus of the cooperation and indorsement of Charles Samuel
John Phillips, whose position in the business world is that of head of the firm of
Morton, Phillips & Company, stationers and printers. He was born in Quebec
on the 13th of October, 1844, and is a son of the late Thomas Osmond Phillips,
of Quebec, and his wife, Agnes Ritchie Leslie, a daughter of Dr. S. W. H. Leslie,
of the army medical department. He was but a youth of thirteen when he
accomi)anied his parents to Montreal, where he has made his home continuously
since 1857, being, therefore, one of the older residents of the city in years of
continuous connection therewith.

It was in Montreal that Mr. Phillips was married in 1873 to Miss Jessie
Amelia Thomson, a daughter of the late William A. Thomson, and her death
occurred in May, 1910.

With the attainment of his majority Charles S. J. Phillips entered business
life and gradually advanced to the position of head of the firm of Morton, Phil-
lips & Company, stationers and printers, which business was established in 1869.
His activities have been exerted with energy, force and eiYectiveness along other
lines, some of which have been of a semi-public and others of a public character.
He was formerly president of the Montreal Citizens League and of the Montreal
Dispensary and is now a director of the Citizens Association. He is likewise a

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 235

member of the Business Men's League and is a director of the Mount Royal
Cemetery Company. He belongs to the Natural History Society and is deeply
interested in the Boys Home, of which he is honorary treasurer, and the Boys
Farm and Training School at Shawbridge, Quebec. He has been a student of
the imi)ortant political, economic and sociological questions and has investigated
conditions which bear directly upon the interests of society at large in its rela-
tion to citizenship and the opportunities which are placed before the individual
for his normal develoimient and advancement. His religious faith is that of the
Baptist church, and his political belief that of the conservative party. He is well
known as a member of the Montreal and Canadian Clubs. While the winter
months are spent in the city, he has an attractive summer home, Mes Delices,
at Notre Dame du Portage on the St. Lawrence.

ALEXANDER GEORGE CAMERON.

Alexander George Cameron is one of the younger representatives of the legal
profession in Montreal. Since his admission to the bar in 1910 he has made con-
tinuous progress. He was born in Winchester, Ontario, May 11, 1884, a son of
Alexander and Louise (Reddick) Cameron, the former a native of Inverness,
Scotland, while the latter is of Canadian birth.

In the public schools of Winchester Alexander G. Cameron laid the founda-
tion for his education. He was a student in the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute
and received his law training in McGill University, from which he was graduated
B. C. L. with the class of 1910. He at once entered upon the practice of law.
His name is also well known in the business world, being a director of several
comjnercial enterprises.

Mr. Cameron is known in military circles, being a captain in the Fifth Royal
Highlanders of Canada. His political allegiance is given to the conservative party,
and he is prominent in club circles, his membership being in the Royal St. Law-
rence Yacht Club, the Manitou Club, the Kaniwakee Golf Club, the Beaconsfield
Golf Club, the University Club, the Montreal Club and the Montreal Art Asso-
ciation. He is a Presbyterian in religious belief.

GILBERT SCOTT.

Gilbert Scott was for many years a resident of Montreal and a witness of its
development and progress. He came to rank prominently among the representa-
tives of commercial and financial interests and for an extended period was a
member of the Dow Brewery Company of this city. He was born at Chagford,
Devonshire, England, April 16, 1820. In early life he was a clerk in a bank in
London and came to Montreal in 1845. In the '60s he entered into partnership-
with William Dow, a well known Montreal brewer and continued in active con-
nection with the business until his life's labors were ended on the 9th of June,
1891, when he was seventy-one years of age. The other members of the firm

236 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

at various times were John Harris, A. C. Hooper, J. Philip Scott, son of Gilbert
Scott, Angus Hooper and Major George Hooper. Capable management led to
the continuous growth and success of the business until the year 19 12, when
the Dow Brewery became a part of the National Breweries Company.

Gilbert Scott was connected officially with many large financial and com-
mercial institutions and was well posted upon financial and commercial matters,
but his fund of knowledge went further and made him familiar with many other
questions and interests of the day. He was a director of the Bank of Montreal ;
senior partner of the Dow Brewery Company; president of the Intercolonial Min-
ing Company ; vice president of the Shedden Company ; a director of the North
British and Mercantile Insurance Company, and of the Canada Sugar Refining
Company.

Mr. Scott was married to ^liss Janet Cooper of London, England, who died
in 1875. He was survived by one son, James Philip, who was a member of the
Dow Brewery Company from 1876 until his death, in 1898, and four daughters.

^Ir. Scott was a member of St. Paul's Lodge of Masons and was always
loyal to the teachings and purposes of the craft. He had vivid recollections of
the important points in the history of Montreal, from the time when he located
here in 1845, until his death. As a man, he possessed many attractive social
qualities and was beloved by a large circle of friends.

JOSEPH RIELLE.

In the long years of an active professional career Joseph Rielle has made
continuous advancement until he stands today not only as a veteran civil engineer
and surveyor, but also as one of the most capable representatives of his chosen
calling in Montreal. Each year has found him in advance of the position which
he occupied the previous year, because of his developing powers and growing
ability. He was born at Laprairie on the 6th of October, 1833, and received his
initial business training with the firm of Ostell & Perrault, architects and land
surveyors, whose service he entered in 1850 when a youth of seventeen years.
He continued with that firm for four years and then became assistant to Mr.
John Page, chief engineer of public works. He next accepted the position of
assistant engineer to the harbor commission and eventually entered upon the
general practice of land surveying in Montreal and the surrounding district.
He has been connected with extensive surveys for the Grand Trunk and the
Canadian Pacific Railways and the harbor commissioners of Montreal and in
addition to his general practice has made a number of important hydraulic sur-
veys. In 1904 he was presented with a testimonial by memljers of the society
of land-surveyors to mark the fiftieth anniversary of his entry into civil engineer-
ing and land surveying.

While this has been his chief life activity, Mr. Rielle has done important
work in other connections. He was formerly vice president of the Pontiac Pa-
cific Junction Railway, and he has done much work of a public and semi-public
character, whereby the general interests of the country at large have been
greatly promoted. He was secretary and manager of the Montreal Turnpike

JOSEPH RIELLE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 239

Trust for al)out fifteen years. He was a member of the council of Verdun,
Montreal, from 1875 until 1900 and was intrusted with many important public
works. He is a life governor of the House of Industry and Refuge, also of
the Montreal General Hospital, and is president of the Fraser Institute and
Free Public Library of Montreal. His activities have been of a nature that
have contributed largely to the general (levelo]iment and good, but he has
never taken an active part in politics.

Mr. Rielle married Miss Jeannie T. Goldie of Laprairie, P. Q., wiio was
vice president of the Montreal Industrial Rooms and who died in June, 1904.
Mr. Rielle has his home at No. 90 Union avenue and is a member of the St.
James Club. He has now reached the advanced age of more than eighty years,
but is still active in his profession and in spirit and interest seems yet a man in
the prime of life.

JOHN STUART BUCHAN.

No phase of life affecting the political and local status of the province or its
educational or moral development fails to elicit the attention and interest of John
Stuart Buchan and seldom fails to receive his hearty cooperation and support.
He is ever willing to divide his time between his profession and public service,
recognizing ever the duties as well as the privileges of citizenship and the obliga-
tions which devolve upon man in relation to his fellowmen. He is well known
as a practitioner at the bar and his reputation as a capable lawyer has been well
earned. He was born at St. Andrews, P. Q., October 28, 1852, the only son of
the late William and Katherine (Stuart) Buchan, of St. Andrews. The family
is descended from the old earls of Buchan. After attending public schools of
his native city John S. Buchan entered McGill University and won his B. C. L.
degree in 1884. He had determined to make the practice of law his life work,
and following his graduation he became an advocate, since which time he has con-
tinued a representative of the Montreal bar. Here he has worked his way up to
leadership and in 1899 was created a king's counsel. For almost a third of a
century he has been engaged in practice here, and his ability has long since placed
him in a position of distinction among the leaders of the legal profession in
Montreal. At one time he was a member of the editorial staff of the Canadian
Jurist, and in 1904 he was a royal commissioner for the revision of the provincial
statutes. Thus important governmental problems in connection with his profes-
sion have elicited his deep interest and called forth his abilities.

In 1885 Mr. Buchan was married to Miss Katherine McMartin, the second
daughter of F. McMartin, of St. Andrews. She died in August. 1894, and in
1896 Mr. Buchan wedded Annie, the eldest daughter of the late J. H. Henderson,
of Montreal.

Mr. Buchan is an attendant of Christ's Church Cathedral, while his political
faith is that of the liberal party. Political honors and emoluments have had no
attraction for him. His activities, however, along other lines relating to the
welfare and progress of city and province have been resultant. He acted as
solicitor of the Lord's Day Alliance of the province for a time. He was also

240 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

chosen a life governor of the Montreal Boys Home in 191 1 and many movements
having broad humanitarianism as their basis have received his indorsement.
He is likewise the vice president of the Natural History Society of Montreal.
He is not unknown in literary circles for under the nom-de-plume of Douglas
Erskine he has published "A Bit of Atlantis" and "Some Notes on Mount
Royal," and various other papers of a scientific nature. When questions of public
welfare are at stake he is never weighed in the balance and found wanting, and
his support of any project and measure is not the result of a hasty conclusion.
On the contrary he brings to all vital questions the habits of the lawyer, carefully
analyzing and weighing the points in a situation and then giving his support
thereto as the result of a firm belief in the worth or righteousness of the case.

ARCHIBALD MURRAY CASSILS.

Archibald Murray Cassils, who as a wholsale leather merchant gained an
enviable business standing, while attractive social qualities won him many friends,
was but forty-eight years of age at the time of his death, which occurred March
6, 1891. He was born in July, 1843, in Renton, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, a
son of John and Margaret (Murray) Cassils. His education was there acquired
and he remained in his native land until 1856, when he came to Montreal where a
brother was residing. For a number of years he was engaged in merchandising
in connection with the wholesale leather business, and made for himself an
enviable place in commercial circles, by reason of his enterprise, his progressive-
ness and his business integrity. Gradually his trade grew owing to his capable
control of his interests, and success in a stibstantial measure rewarded his labors.

In September, 1873, in jNIontreal, Mr. Cassils was married to Miss Eva A.
Shaw, and they became the parents of three children : Marcia A., the wife
of George P. Butters; William A., who died in 1906; and Angus Shaw Cassils.

Mr. Cassils was a member of the Masonic order and the American Presby-
terian church and his religious belief guided him in all the relations of life,
makmg him a man of high principle and kindly spirit, straightforward in action
and thoroughly reliable in all things. While more than two decades have passed
since he was called from this life, he is yet kindly remembered by all who knew
him owing to his gracious presence and his sterling worth.

GEORGE CAMPBELL MacDOUGALL.

George Campbell MacDougall, recognized as one of the ablest memliers of the
brokerage profession, had not passed the fiftieth milestone on lifes journey when
death callcil him. lie was born June 6, 1843, in Ringmore. Devonshire. England,
a son of Major MacDougall, who belonged to the King's Own Borders, and in
1857 came to Montreal. His son, George C. MacDougall, was educated in the
schools of this city, passing through consecutive grades to the high school and
afterward attending McGill University. Throughout his active business career

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 241

he was identified with financial interests. He became a clerk in the IJank of
Montreal, worked his way upward until iiis experience, combined with his recog-
nized capabilit)- led to his assij^nnient to a res])onsible position with the Xew York
city branch of the Hank of Montreal, lie remained in the American metropolis
for a few years and while in Xew York won several jirizes for horsemanship at
horse shows there. He afterward entered the Lounsbury & Tenshaw Broker-
age Company, acquainted himself with the brokerage business and returned to
Montreal, where he formed a partnership with his brother, Hartland St. Clair
MacDougall, continuing in the brokerage business until his death. The firm gained
an extensive clientage that made the business one of large volume.

Mr. MacDougall was married twice. He first wedded Miss C. J. Bridges and
they had one son, H. B. MacDougall. In 1887, in Montreal. Mt. MacDougall was
married to Miss Mary L. Macdonald, a daughter of Hon. Donald Alexander
Macdonald, a well known figure in public life, serving as postmaster general in
the Mackenzie administration at Ottawa from 1873 until 1875, "^^^^ ''■^ lieutenant
governor of Ontario from 1875 until 1880. He married Catherine, daughter of
Hon. Alexander Fraser, M. L. C, of Fraserville, Ontario. To George C. and
Mary L. (Macdonald) MacDougall was born a daughter, Beatrice.

Mr. MacDougall was well known as a sportsman, was an expert rider and was
the owner of some fine horses. He was likewise a prominent member of many
clubs, including the St. James, Montreal, Jockey, Forest and Stream and Hunt
Clubs. His death occurred March 31, 1892, and although he was then at the
comparatively early age of forty-nine years, he had achieved distinction in his
line of business and as a sportsman had gained wide friendship among many of
the most distinguished citizens of the province.

JOSEPH CHARLES HECTOR DUSSAULT.

Joseph Charles Hector Dussault, a graduate of Laval University and thus care-
fully trained for the profession to which he has devoted his life, has been actively
engaged in the practice of law in Montreal since 1899. His course has been
marked by continuous progress until he has gained a creditable position among
the forceful, capable representatives of the bar. He was bom at Sherbrooke.
Quebec, on the 19th of November, 1876, a son of N. T. and Malvina (Deseve)
Dussault, the former a merchant of Sherbrooke, who was born there more than
seventy years ago and is still engaged in business in that city. He is well known
in the eastern townships and is recognized as a man of prominence in his com-
munity.

Liberal educational opportunities were accorded Joseph C. H. Dussault, wdio
pursued commercial and classical courses in the Seminary of Sherbrooke. Re-
viewing the broad field of industrial, commercial and professional activity, he
determined upon the practice of law as a life work and in preparation therefor
entered Laval University at Montreal. On the completion of the regular law
course he was graduated and in 1899 received the degree of Master of Laws.
The same year he was admitted to practice at the bar of the province of Quebec
and entered alone upon the active work of the profession. Advancement at the

242 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

bar is proverbially slow, yet he had as the basis of success broad and thorough
understanding of the principles of jurisprudence and gradually worked his way
upward. After three years he formed a partnership with J. A. Mercier and in
January, 1912, they were joined by a third partner, P. L. Dupuis under the
firm style of Dassault, Mercier & Dupuis. Mr. Dussault has ever been very care-
ful in the preparation of his cases. His mind is naturally analytical, logical and
inductive and, therefore, his reasoning is clear, his argument sound and his deduc-
tions clear and convincing. He is also identified with financial activities as one
of the organizers and directors of the Merchants & Employers Guarantee & Acci-
dent Company.

On the 1st of October, 1906, in Montreal, Mr. Dussault was married to Miss
Alice Dupuis, a daughter of J. O. Dupuis, one of the founders of Dupuis Freres
of Montreal. Her father is also widely known in political as well as commercial
circles, his opinions carrying weight in part}' councils. He served as alderman of
Montreal and has been active in molding public thought and opinion. That con-
fidence is reposed in his business ability and integrity is indicated in the fact that
he was one of the liquidators of the defunct Ville Marie Bank. Unto Mr. and
Mrs. Dussault have been born three children, Jeanne, Marcelle and Jacques. The
religious faith of the family is that of the Roman Catholic church. Mr. Dus-
sault is a conservative and strong protectionist. His interest in politics is not a
superficial one, and he keeps well versed on the questions and issues of the day,
yet political honors and emoluments have no attraction for him. He finds recre-
ation through his connection with St. Andrew's Curling Club, of which he is a
charter member. He now has a wide acquaintance in his adopted city, where his
developing powers have brought him professional success, while sterling traits
of manhood have gained him place among the highly esteemed citizens.

ERNEST R. DECARY.

Ernest R. Decary, senior member of Decary, Barlow & Joron, one of the fore-
most firms of notaries in A-Iontreal, occupies a distinguished professional posi-
tion, viewed not only from the extent, but as well from the prominence of his
clientele. Mr. Decary is a native of Montreal and was born on December g, 1878.
He received an excellent education, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of
Arts from St. Mary's Jesuit College and beginning his business career alone,
subsequently joined with him Mr. Barlow and Mr. Joron, and he has since con-
tinued in that relationship. This firm specializes in railway and bank work and
they have come to occupy a position second to none in ]\Iontreal professional
circles.

Mr. Decary personally acts as notary for the Canadian Pacific Railway, the
Canadian Northern and the Dominion and Traders Banks and the Canadian
Express Company, as well as for many other institutions and corporations.

.Mthough ATr. Decary has never aspired to political office, he is deeply inter-
ested in the growth and expansion of his city and readily gives of his time and
means in support of worthy enterprises. In politics he is a liberal. Pie is a

ERNEST R. DECARV

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 245

member of the Montreal, Royal Montreal Golf, University, Royal St. Lawrence
Yacht, and I^'ichine Boating and Canoe Clubs, and has views upon business and
social conditions. Yet a comparatively young man, he occupies a position of
dignity in the life of the city to which his ripe judgment on matters of a com-
mercial or legal nature fully entitles him.

BENJAMIN NAPOLEON LADOUCEUR.

One of the well known legal practitioners of Montreal and a notary public,
Benjamin Napoleon Ladouceur has a clientele both representative and important.
He is yet a young man, barely thirty years of age, but has demonstrated his
ability to capably handle the most intricate legal problems. He was born on
the 15th of January, 1883, at Ste. Marie de Monnoir, and is a son of Mathias
and Azilda Ste. Marie Ladouceur, both natives of Ste. Marie de Monnoir.
The paternal grandfather was Benjamin Ladouceur, called Martin, his birth-
place being Cote des Neiges. His wife was Celeste Vient, a native of Ste. Marie
de Monnoir. The grandfather in the maternal line was Jean Baptiste Ste. Marie
and his wife was Henriette Bedard, also natives of Ste. Marie de Monnoir.

Benjamin Napoleon Ladouceur was educated at the College of Ste. Marie
de Monnoir and took his law' degrees at Laval University in July, 1910. He has
since engaged in practice in Montreal and also acts as notary public. No long
novitiate awaited him for he soon demonstrated his ability along legal lines and
now enjoys an important and lucrative practice. In his political views he is a
nationalist, a party which has for its aim the amelioration of certain conditions
of government which make not for the best of the masses. In some ways it
may be said that it is similar to the progressive movement in the United States
and this movement has largely for its object a restricting influence upon political
malpractices. Mr. Ladouceur also interests himself along other public and semi-
public lines although he has never cared for official positions. He is loyal to the
city of his adoption and ever ready to give his share of time and money in pro-
moting her interests.

WILLIAM RUTHERFORD.

The steps in the orderly progression of William Rutherford whereby he has
reached his present advanced position in business circles of Montreal are easily
discernible and each forward step has brought him a broader outlook and wider
opportunities. Born in Montreal. April 22, 1864, he is a son of William and
Elizabeth (Jackson) Rutherford, both of whom are of Scotch birth, the former
coming from Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, and the latter from Biggar, Lanarkshire.
They were representatives of the excellent Scotch type that has done so much for
Canada and its substantial upbuilding. The father was a member of the first
council of Cote St. Antoine. which afterward became Westmount. He was an

246 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

enthusiastic curler and greatly enjoyed other outdoor sports. His interests, how-
ever, were largely concentrated upon the development and management of im-
portant business interests. He founded the lumber firm of William Rutherford
& Sons in 1852 and was largely instrumental in developing it into one of the most
extensive lumber enterprises of Canada.

In the acquirement of his education William Rutherford attended successively
the schools of Cote St. Antoine, the high school of Montreal and the private school
conducted by Hon. E. H. Springrice. He crossed the threshold of the business
world as a junior clerk with Gillespie, MotTat & Company, general merchants, and
subsequently became a clerk for the Pillow Hersey Manufacturing Company,
owners of rolling mills, etc. Subsequently he entered the firm of William Ruther-
ford & Sons of Montreal and upon the incorporation of the company became its
treasurer. The Inisiness is today conducted under the style of William Ruther-
ford & Sons Company, Ltd., dealers in and manufacturers of lumber and timber.
The business is now one of mammoth proportions and in his ofiicial capacity Wil-
liam Rutherford of this review is bending his energies to administrative direction
and e-xecutive control. Into other fields he has also extended his efforts and his
business interests are now of considerable volume and importance, jilacing him
among the prominent representatives of commercial and industrial activity in the
province. He is now the president of the Dominion Box Company, Ltd., of the
Grier Timber Company and the Dominion Park Realty Company, Ltd.

On the i6th of May. 1894. in ^Montreal. Mr. Rutherford married ^liss Ida
Bulmer, a daughter of John pjulmer and a representative of a well known ]\Iontreal
family. Their children are William J., John B., Jean, Andrew S. and Marjorie.
Presbyterians in religious faith, the family hold membership in St. Andrew's
church of Westmount. ]\Ir. Rutherford is a liberal in politics, conversant with the
leading questions and issues of the day. He has filled a number of local offices,
having been elected alderman of \\'estmount in 1908, while in 1910 he was chosen
mayor of the city. In 1913 he was made school commissioner of the city and in
1912-13 was a member of the executive committee of the Canadian Manufactur-
ers Association. He is also a member of the committee of St. Andrew's Society,
while along more strictly social lines his membership is in the Canada. Engineers,
Manitou and North Lake Fish and Game Clubs. His success permits him that
leisure which enables him to enjov fishing, hunting and other outdoor and indoor
sports, but he is preeminently a business man and one whose successful methods
might be studied by all who wish to gain prosperity within the legitimate lines of
business.

CARL ROSENBERG.

Among the mercantile houses of Montreal the British ^^merican Import Com-
pany occupies a place of prominence and importance. Under this firm style Carl
Rosenberg is connected with Canadian trade interests. ]\Ir. Rosenberg was born
in Kishenev, Russia, on the 15th of Julv, 1870, a son of Wolf and Bessie ( Dachis)
Rosenberg, both now residents of Montreal. The former has now retired from
active business life.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 247

Carl Rosenberg was one of those who did not tind the op])ortunities which
he soufjlit in his native country and, seeking the benefits of British freedom,
selected the Dominion of Canada for his field of operation and came to Montreal
twenty-five years ago, or in 1889, when a young man of about nineteen years.
After his arrival he went into partnership widi a cousin, who had preceded him
to the Dominion and who was engaged in the importing and dry-goods jobbing
business. The name of the firm was Shiller & Rosenberg and they continued
for two years, when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Rosenberg became
the leading factor in the establishment of the British American Import Company,
who opened their place of business on St. Paul street, Montreal. His ability as a
merchant, his ready understanding of local market conditions and his indefatigable
energy led to such growth of business that in 1909 the firm was enabled to put
up a large building of their own at 516 St. Lawrence boulevard, into which they
moved in 1910. The British American Import Company occupies a leading place
in its line in Montreal and their reputation is of the highest. Its success is largely
due to the executive ability of Mr. Rosenberg, its founder.

In 1888, when but eighteen years of age, Mr. Rosenberg, while yet in Europe,
was married to Miss Clara Sperling and to them were born the following children :
Hannah, who married Dr. Tannenbaum ; Sarah, now Mrs. Aronson ; and Madge,
Rose, Sadie, David and Moses.

Mr. Rosenberg is a liberal and, adhering to the faith of his fathers, he was
during 1910-11 a director of the Baron de Hirsch Institute, but his fast expanding
business interests forced him to rclin(|uish this position. He is a justice of the
peace ; vice president of the Herzl Dispensary ; a founder and an ex-president of
the Jewish Eagle Publishing Company, holding the latter office for five years ; and
a member of Ionic Lodge, No. 54, of the Masonic order. He is a shrewd and
able business man and his name and that of his firm stand for successful accomp-
lishment in the trade annals of the city.

REV. ALLAN PEARSON SHATFORD.

Rev. Allan Pearson Shatford, known in Montreal and throughout the province
of Quebec as a forceful and eloquent preacher, holding a high position in Masonic
circles as grand chaplain of the grand lodge of Quebec and known in this city as
most earnest, zealous and consecrated in his work as rector of the Church of
St. James the Apostle, was born at St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, and is a son
of the late James E. Shatford, a resident of Indian Harbor.

Rev. Allan P. Shatford acquired his education in King's College in his native
province, from wdiich he was graduated B. A. with first class honors in English
literature in 1895 and M. A. in 1898. In the former year he was made curate of
the Anglican church at Bridgewater, Xova Scotia, and served in that capacity until
1900, during which time he was ordained deacon in 1896 and priest in 1897. He
was transferred from Bridgewater to North Sydney, Nova Scotia, wdiere he re-
mained as rector until 1906, moving in that year to ^Montreal, where he became
assistant rector of the parish of St. James the Apostle. He was promoted to the
position of rector in January, 1012, and still holds this position which is an ini-

248 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

portant and responsible one, for the parish is one of the oldest and largest in
Montreal. It was founded in 1864 by Canon Elligood and the first church was
built by Mrs. Phillips on land donated by her. Canon Elligood continued as rector
from 1864 to 191 1, dying in December of that year at the advanced age of eighty-
seven. He was succeeded by Rev. Allan P. Shatford, the present incumbent, who
is ably carrying forward his predecessor's work, giving his time, attention and
unusual talents to the promotion of the interests of the parish and the sjjread of the
doctrines in which he believes. There are about four hundred and fifty families
in the congregation, and the church property is valued at seven hundred and fifty
thousand dollars. Its administration calls for farsighted and capable work and
^Ir. Shatford has proved equal to the trust reposed in him, aiding the trustees in
every possible way and proving his possession of unusual administrative ability
and organizing power. The church has had some of the most famous ministers
in Canada connected with its affairs at different times, Bishop Dumlin, of the
diocese of Niagara, having been at one time assistant, as were also Bishop Duver-
net, of Caledonia, and Dean Abbott, of Niagara. The aft'airs of the congregation
are in a most flourishing and prosperous condition, and the people of the parish find
in Mr. Shatford a minister well suited to their needs, a man sincere and high-
minded in his aims, of scholarly attainments and well directed ability. His
sermons show great force and power, and his lectures have gained him wide
recognition, winning him mention by the Montreal Gazette as "an accomplished
extempore speaker and a preacher of great power."

Mr. Shatford is well known in ^lasonic circles, exemplffying in his life the
beneficent teachings of that order. He was grand chaplain of the grand lodge
of Freemasons for Nova Scotia from 1903 to 1906 and since that time has been
grand chaplain of the grand lodge of Quebec province. He was a delegate to
the Pan-Anglican Congress held in London in 1908 ; a delegate to the general
synod and to the church congress held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1910, speak-
ing there in a forceful and telling way tipon parochial problems. "Today," in his
opinion, "it is Canada for the world, and we think of England as the center of
an empire which tends to the solidarity of the human race and the universal
brotherhood of man."

VICTOR .MORIX, LL. D.

\"ictor Morin, prominent in connection with the legal jirofession as a prac-
titioner and as professor of administrative law and doctor of laws in Laval
University, is now at the head of the firm of Morin & Mackay, notaries of
Montreal. His name is also well known in literary circles and his activities and his
writings have had a far-reaching and beneficial effect upon puljlic interests. Born
at St. Ilyacinthe, Quebec, on the 15th of .Vugust, 1865, he is a son of Jean Ba])-
li.ste Morin and Aurelie (Cote) Morin. hi the acquirement of liis education he
attended successively Girouard .'\cademy, the St. Hyacinthe College, from which
he was graduated B. A. in 1884, and Laval University, whicli conferred upon
him the LL. B. degree in 1888 ;ui(l llial of LL. 1). in i(;io. lie studied law in
the office of Pa])ineau, Morin & Mackay and was admitted to the jir.'ictice of

VICTOR MORIN

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 251

the notarial profession in 1888. For a Ijrief period thereafter he was a resi-
dent of Acton Vale, Quebec, but in i8<jo returned to Montreal and is now
senior member in the firm of Alorin & Mackay. He is also custodian of the
archives of his late partners, 1). \i. I'apineau, C. F. Papineau, Durand and
Morin, whose office was established in 1841. Aside from his business he has
occupied many positions of imi)ortance and of public trust. While a resident
of the town of Acton Vale he was secretary-treasurer of the town from 1888
until 1890. He has been treasurer of the board of notaries of the province of
Quebec since 1897 and he has various important business connections. He was
president of the Imperial Electric Light Company from 1899 until 1901, became
secretary of the Montreal Real-Estate Association in 1904 and is now its
president. He is likewise president of the Credit Metropolitain, of the Caisse
Hypothecaire, of the Montreal Debenture Corporation, of the Recollet Land
Company, and of the Federal Real-Estate & Trust Company ; vice president of
the Security Life Insurance Company, and a director of the Provincial Life
and of the Provincial Fire Insurance Companies. From 1897 to 1910, he was
notary to the corporation of the city of Montreal and resigned this jxisition in
order to run for aldermanic honors. His high standing in his chosen profes-
sion is indicated by the fact that he has been made professor of administrative
law in Laval University and is regarded as one of the prominent law educators
of the country. His public-spirited citizenship finds expression in active sup-
port of many measures and movements for the pubhc good and his cooperation
can always be counted upon when the welfare of city, province or country
is at stake. He has taken great interest for many years past in social questions,
and is vice president general of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, the national asso-
ciation of French-Canadians. He was a director of Montreal Citizens Asso-
ciation from 1908 until 1910 and his position upon the temperance question is
indicated by the fact that he is now the general secretary of the Montreal Anti-
Alcoholic League.

Prominent in the Independent Order of Foresters, Mr. Morin was its
supreme vice chief ranger from 1898 to 1902, and has been its past supreme
chief ranger since 1905; in 1895-6 he edited and published a paper in the inter-
ests of that fraternity called Le Forestier. Since 1890 he has delivered many
lectures to fraternal societies and no man is better qualified to speak on the
beneficent basic principles of the organization.

His authorship has made Mr. Morin equally widely known. He was actively
interested in the literary work of the Cercle Ville Marie as its secretary from
1886 until 1888. He is the author of Vingt Ans Apres, the second edition of
which was brought forth in 1909. He is silver medalist of the Ligue Nationale
de la Prevoyance et de la Mutualite, of Paris, France, and honorary vice presi-
dent of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal. His active inter-
est in aflfairs of vital importance to the city has been manifest in his capable
jniblic service as alderman of Montreal, to which position he was elected in 1910.
His political support is given to the liberal party and his religious faith is that
of the Roman Catholic church. He is prominent in club circles, is a member of
the St. Denis and Reform Clubs, and is secretary of the Maison des Etudiants.
His library, which is extensive and well selected, furnishes him his chief source of
recreation and interest.

252 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Air. Alorin was married in 1893 at Biddeford, Maine, to Miss Fannie, daugh-
ter of the Hon. D. Cote. In 1896 he wedded Alphonsine, daughter of Victor
Cote, of St. Hyacinthe. They reside at No. 703 St. Urbain street with their
eleven children, and spend their summer months in their attractive villa on the
slope of Mount St. Brtmo. His life has been so varied in its activities and
so honorable in its purposes as to leave an indelible impress for good upon the
communitv and through his professional, business and fraternal connections Air.
Morin has come to be recojrnized as one of the leading residents of Montreal.

HUBERT ADOLPHE ELZEAR GRANDBOIS.

Hubert Adolphe Elzear Grandbois, who since October, 191 1, has been con-
nected with the notarial profession in Montreal, was born in St. Casimir, Port
neuf district, in the province of Quebec, on the 15th of January, 1876, a son of
Michel Adolphe and Marie Auree (Charest) Grandbois, the former a dealer
in wood. The son pursued his classical education in the Seminary of Nicolet,
from which he was graduated in 1895. He afterward entered upon the study of
law in Laval University at Quebec, which conferred upon him the degree of
Bachelor of Laws, in June, 1898. On the completion of his studies he was
admitted to practice as a notary in the following September and located at St.
Casimir, where he remained in active practice from September,, 1898, until Octo-
ber, 191 1. He then came to Montreal, where he has since remained and has
attained high standing among the representatives of the profession owing to
broad and accurate knowledge, close application and fidelity to the interests of his
clients.

Mr. Grandbois was married in the city of his nativity on the 7t]i of January,
1899, to Miss Marie Laetitia Belisle, a daughter of Octave Germain and Mar-
guerite (Daly) Belisle. The children of this marriage are Marie Marguerite and
Marie Laurette Grandbois. The religious faith of the family is that of the
Catholic church, and Mr. Grandbois has membership with the Chevaliers de
Colomb.

JOHN EDGAR.

The late John Edgar, who for many years was connected with the fur industry
in Montreal, was born in Woodstock, Ontario, March 12, 1843. During his boy-
hood the family removed to Hamilton, Ontario, where his school days were
passed. He began his business career in the provision trade with Folingsby &
Williamson ir. Hamilton and later came to Montreal as representative of that firm.
Soon after his arrival in this city, or in 1866, he entered the firm of Greene &
Sons Company, wholesale furriers, in which connection he worked his way
upward, eventually becoming a partner in the business. About the year 1895,
when Greene & Sons Company retired, Mr. Edgar succeeded to the business
which he continued for some years under the firm name of Edgar, Syvift &

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 253

Company. W'licn Mr. Swift retired Mr. Edgar formed a partnership with Mr.
Charles Coristine under the firm name of Edgar, Coristine & Company, which
relation was maintained for four years, after which Mr. Edgar continued
the business alone until 191 2, when he retired. He was one of the prominent
furriers of the city, developing and building up a business of extensive propor-
tions, and in commercial affairs his judgment was sound, his enterprise keen
and his diligence unfaltering.

In Montreal Mr. PZdgar was united in marriage to Miss Selina Kidner and
unto them were born five children, three sons and two daughters : John Hamilton,
who is connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway; Frank Clifton, connected
with the Royal Bank of Canada at Montreal ; William Dewar, of the custom
house of Montreal; Katie Selina; and Lillian Maud. The death of the husband
and father occurred September 12, 1913, and was the occasion of deep regret
to many with whom he had been closely associated in business and social circles.
In politics he was a conservative but without aspiration for public office. He
belonged to the Royal Albert Lodge of Alasons and was a faithful member of the
Church of St. James the Apostle. In those connections are indicated the prin-
ciples which governed his life and guided him in all of his relations.

CAMILLE TESSIER.

Camille Tessier, a young man possessed of laudable ambition and determina-
tion, is making continuous progress in the field of his chosen profession — that
of the practice of law. He was born at Berthierville, Quebec, July 26. 1887, a son
of Dominique and Odile (Des Rosiers) Tessier, the former a merchant at Berth-
ierville. He is descended from French ancestors who landed here with the-
pioneers of the country. Like the greater part of Canada's first inhabitants,
they were farmers and spent their whole lives in cultivating the lands which
they had first courageously conquered from the wilderness and from the forest
on the north side of the St. Lawrence river, thus contrilnitiiig in large measure
to the actual prosperity of the country'.

Camille Tessier was accorded liberal educational opportunities, which he
improved, thus laying a broad foundation for his later success. He pursued a
course in the commercial college of Berthierville, was a student in the Seminary
of Joliette, attended St. Mary's College at Montreal, Laval Cniversity at Mon-
treal, in which he pursued his classical and professional courses, winning the
Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees. He subsequently attended East-
man's Business College of Poughkeepsie, New York. As advocate, barrister and
solicitor he is making for himself a creditable position in professional ranks.
He has been a member of the Montreal bar since the 7th of July, 1910, and the
thoroughness and care with which he prepares his cases and the logic of his
deductions have gained him rank among those who are winning success in the
difficult and arduous profession to which he devotes his energies. He makes a
specialty of commercial law and is a member of the Commercial Law Leag^je
of America. He is working his way to success vigorously but (]uietly and
honestly. Mr. Tessier is a member of the Roman Catholic church. He was mar-

254 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ried in Montreal, on the 28th of January, 1913, to Edmee Paquette, and they
have one child, Jean Marcel, born in Outremont on the 28th of October, 1913.
His courage and a laudable ambition of living a life of usefulness to his family
and to his country have brought Mr. Tessier the high regard of associates and
all who know aught of his career.

CHARLES GIDEON HILL.

The life record of Charles Gideon Hill constitutes an illustration of what the
new world has to offer to ambitious young men. Coming to Canada as an orphan
boy, he steadily worked his way upward, each forward step bringing him a broader
outlook and wider opjjortunities. He became in time a successful merchant of
Montreal and in later years devoted his time to the supervision of his invested
interests, which included large property holdings and stock in many financial and
commercial enterprises. He was seventy-six years of age at the time of his
death, which occurred on the 12th of June, 1893, at the old home at Xo. 247
Bleury street, where he had lived for more than half a century. He was born
in England, but lost his father and mother when quite young,, after which he
crossed the Atlantic and for a time resided in New York. He afterward came
to Montreal and gradually he worked his way upward in a business way, realizing
at the outset of his career, that industry and honesty constitute the foundation
upon which success is built. In time he was the proprietor of a small dry-goods
establishment on St. Paul street and conducted it successfully for many years,
but about 1870, retired from commercial circles in order to supervise his large
estate which also included the estate of William Gait. From time to time he
became interested in business enterprises, holding stock in many leading financial
and commercial concerns. His judgment was sound, his sagacity keen and in the
control of important interests he established his position as one of the leading
and capable business men of the city.

On the 19th of August, 1840, Mr. Hill was united in marriage to Miss
Margaret J. Gait, a daughter of \\'illiam Gait, who for many years was one of the
leading citizens of Montreal. He engaged in the tanning business near Glasgow,
Quebec, and amassed a very considerable fortune. Following his death, Mr. Hill
retired from commercial interests to supervise the Gait estate. To Mr. and
Airs. Hill were born eleven children, eight of whom reached adult age. These
children were : William Gait, deceased ; Charles G., who also has passed away ;
Margaret Ewing, the widow of G. M. Patterson, residing in Cleveland, Ohio;
Robert Ewing, deceased ; .Vdelaide, who married Samuel P. Wigg and resides
in Lakefield, Ontario; Lewis E., deceased; Helena Augusta, residing in Montreal;
Jean Elizabeth, now Mrs. E. A. Hilton ; Peter Alexander ; Emma Louise, who
married Albert A. Adams and is deceased ; and Dr. .\doIphus James Hill, deceased.
Mr. and Mrs. Hill devoted the greatest care to rearing their large family and
bestowed upon the children their tenderest !n\c. Those who grew to adult's
estate were an honor to the family name and in full measure rejiaid the care
of the parents, wiiom they ever held in reverent memory. It is due to the kind
cooperation of Miss Helena A. Hill, — and to her the publishers are indebted, —

CHARLES G. HILL

MRS. CHARLES G. HILL

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 259

that they arc able to present herewith the excellent steel etching's portraying
her parents.

Mr. Hill attended services and held a \>cw in the First Baptist church and
also in the Church of England, in the Cathedral. His membership was in the
latter and his wife, who died in 1882, was a member of the former. Both were
greatly esteemed and an extensive circle of friends indicated their worth and the
high regard in which they were held.

WALDO W. SKINNER.

Waldo \V. Skinner, practicing at the Montreal bar as a member of the firm
of Smith, Markey, Skinner, Pugsley & Hyde, was born at St. John, New Bruns-
wick, a son of the late Hon. C. M. Skinner, K. C. His youthful days were
largely devoted to the acquirement of an education in the schools of his native
city and at Upper Canada College, Toronto, and having determined upon the
practice of law as his life work, he entered McGill University in preparation for
the bar, and was graduated B. C. L. in 1901. In 1913 Mr. Skinner was created
a king's counsel. The year following his' graduation he entered upon the active
work of his profession and his course has been marked by continuous progress.
He is now associated with one of the leading law firms of the city, Smith, Markey,
Skinner, Pugsley & Hyde, and is actively interested in much important litigation,
in connection with which he is retained as counsel for the defense or prosecution.
From the outset of his career he has recognized the fact that careful preparation
is one of the indispensable elements of success, so that thorough work precedes
his presentation of his cause in the courtroom. His reasoning is clear and cogent
and his arguments strong and forceful.

In June, 1907, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Skinner and Miss Loulou
Forget, the eldest daughter of the late Hon. L. J. Forget, senator. Mr. Skinner in
his social relations is well known, being a member of the Mount Royal, St. James
and Montreal Clubs, while his interest in sports is further indicated in his mem-
bership in the Montreal Racquet and Royal Montreal Golf Clubs. Attractive social
qualities render him popular in those organizations, in which he has gained many
friends.

THOMAS ROBB.

Organization is the watchword of the age. Promotion in every field of
endeavor is brought about through the agency of organized effort and cooperation,
and thorough study of each situation constitutes the basis of effort in this direc-
tion. This spirit and tendency of the age has led to the formation of many
companies or societies for the benefit of business interests and it is in this con-
nection that Thomas Robb is known, being manager and secretary of the Shipping
Federation of Canada. A native of Scotland, he was born in the city of Glasgow
in the year 1863, his father being the late Thomas Robb, who for some years

260 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

was superintendent of police in Glasgow. Spending his youthful days in that
city, the son pursued his education in the public schools and in the Glasgow
Academy. Mr. Robb came to Canada lirst in 1883 and spent one year at farming
in the Niagara district. Returning to England he became identified with the
shipping interests and in comiection therewith was located at different periods in
Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. He returned to Canada in 1902 and
upon the organization of the Shipping Federation of Canada, which is incorpor-
ated by act of the Dominion parliament, he was chosen manager and secretary.
He still continues in the dual position, his efforts being of marked value to the
organization in promoting its object and accomplishing its purpose as he is actively
engaged in all matters relating to navigation and shipping. In 1913 Air. Robb
was appointed member of the royal commission appointed to inquire into and
report upon the "Law Respecting Pilotage" and its administration in the pilot-
age district of Montreal and Quebec.

In 1891 Mr. Robb was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth ]\IcLaren, a
daughter of Andrew McLaren. Their religious faith is that of the Presby-
terian church and Mr. Robb belongs to St. Andrew's Society. He is a justice of
the peace for Alontreal and district. He is likewise a member of the Engineers
Club and of the Canadian Club and has gained the warm friendship of many in
both orsfanizations.

HON. JOHN JOSEPH CURRAN.

Hon. John Joseph Curran, barrister, jurist and orator, whose life record was
an honor to the land of his ancestors and to the land of his birth was born in
Montreal, February 22, 1842, his parents being Charles and Sarah (Kennedy)
Curran, both natives of Ireland, the former born in County Down and the latter
in County We.xford. Emigrating to the new world they retained the intense love
of native land, so characteristic of the Irish race and instilled the same deep
attachment into their son, who with his increasing age and powers gave freely
of his time and talents for the benefit of Erin's green isle.

In the pursuit of his education Judge Curran attended a Jesuit school and
St. Mary's College at Montreal, where he entered upon a classical course. He
afterward became a student in St. Joseph's College at Ottawa and in 1891 the
University of Ottawa conferred upon him the l.L. D. degree. In the con-
tinuance of his education, he entered McGill University as a student in the law
department and won his D. C. L. degree in 1862. It was in the spring of 1859
thai he began preparation for the Ijar, reading at times under the direction of
such distinguislied lawyers as liernard Devlin, Hon. T. J. J. Loranger and
Andrew Robertson, K. C. While pursuing his classical courses lie cultixated a
taste for literature and oratory and in his student days developed the natural
gifts that in course of time made him one of the foremost Canadian orators. .
It was also in his early manhood that he joined the Irish national movement and
thus his life was taking shape along those lines which were to make him a power
in moulding the history of jjrovincc and country.

HELENA A. HILL

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 263

The year following his graduation fro;n McGill, or in 1863, he was called to
the bar of Quebec. No dreary novitiate awaited him. Almost immediately his
talents won him recognition and he gained prominence as one of the younger
members of the profession, by the important part which he took in the conduct
of a number of notable criminal cases, including the Shelian, Havern, Kehoe and
Considinc nuirder cases and the Dunbar, Drown, Kearney and T. F. O'Brien
frauds.

It is said that he had no superior in the conduct of election cases. He was suc-
cessful in the Devlin-Ryan, Tansey-Malone and the James McShane-I-oprairie
contests and all these drew to him the attention and favorable comment of the
profession. He was equally capable in the practice of civil law and was the legal
representative of some of the largest contractors of the continent including men
prominent in business in New York, Ottawa and Montreal. His legal counsel
was sought by men of prominence again and again. Probably his last appearance
as an advocate was when he represented the Dominion government in an arbitra-
tion with the province, the case being heard in the city of Quebec about 1894.

Judge Curran was created a king's counsel by the Marquis of Lome and was
appointed secretary of the commission for the codification of the statutes of the
first De Boucherville government. Lie was called to judiciary honor when made
a puisne judge of the superior court, December 5, 1892. He was appointed
solicitor general in the ministry of Sir John Thomas and continued to hold that
office after Sir Mackenzie Bowell became premier. A contemporary writer said,
"on the occasion of his appointment his lordship was congratulated by the press
without distinction of party, both on public and personal grounds in acknowledg-
ment of his 'indefatigable efforts to promote the interests of his constituents'
and he was presented in i8go, chiefly by citizens in Montreal, with a purse of
seven thousand dollars." Judge Curran remained upon the bench for fourteen
years and proved himself the peer of the ablest jurist who has gained the superior
court bench. There were those who opposed him in the beginning, but all came to
acknowledge his capability, his record being a credit and honor to the bench.
His opinions were models of judicial soundness and his record as a jurist was
such as any man might be proud to possess.

Politically his lordship was a liberal-conservative and he rendered valuable
service to his party. He was elected by a large majority for Montreal Center
to the house of commons in 1882, 1887 and again in 1891, and upon his appoint-
ment to the solicitor generalship of Canada in 1892 he was reelected by accla-
mation.

On the organization of a law faculty in connection with the University of
Ottav/a in 1892 Judge Curran was appointed to one of the legal chairs and elected
vice dean. He was also a member of the senate of that university and president
of its Alumni Association. As an orator he swayed all by his eloquence. He
gained high rank as a lecturer and was frequently called upon to address public
gatherings.

In religious faith Judge Curran was a most earnest Catholic and was ever
watchful of opportunity to assist those of his faith in public or in private.
While his health permitted he never failed to appear annually with his colleagues
of the bench and bar in the Tete Dieu procession and his piety and devotion in the
closing years of his life were an encouragement to the old and an edifying

264 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

example for the young. As a Canadian his Hfe work was one of conciliation and
he strove to promote harmony between all creeds and colors. He accepted invita-
tions to address gathermgs of foreign colonists, and the Jews, Germans and Italians
knew him well, while among the people of his nationality he was not only loved
but respected. He yielded to none in the breadth of his sympathy and generous
desire for the union of all denominations in the best and noblest objects. Follow-
ing his elevation to the bench he said "that as a public man it had been his
constant aim to bring about the union of hearts and minds among all creeds and
classes," and "he was satisfied that if we desired to have a prosperous country
with a happy and contented people we could only secure those blessings by all
creeds and classes uniting together for one common end, 'the advancement and
welfare of Canada and the empire.' " In August, 1896, Judge Curran was
elected a delegate to the Irish Race convention, which met in Dublin in September
of that year. He had previously been president of St. Patrick's Society of Mon-
treal and prior to his elevation to the bench was one of the directors of the True
Witness Publishing Company. After his trip to the old country in 1907 the Burns
Club honored him with an invitation to a banquet and to respond to a toast to
the memory of Robert Burns. On rising to speak he said, that all had become
brothers the world over since men of such intense love for Old Scotia had, here
in our happy Canadian home, called upon a descendant of old Ireland to do
honor to the name and fame of Scotland's greatest bard. There are few, indeed,
who have greater love for the land which shelters their race than had Judge
Curran. He was perfectly familiar with Irish history, was a reader of Irish
literature and a lover of Irish music, and he was an ardent and unflinching advo-
cate of home rule.

In 1865 Judge Curran married Mary Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of the
late Patrick Brennan of Montreal. His third son, Francis Joseph Curran, follow-
ing his graduation from Manhattan University of New York and McGill Uni-
versity of Montreal, was called to the bar of his native province.

Something of the position which Judge Curran occupied in public regard is
indicated in works written of him ere his demise, which occurred on October
I, 1909. Morgan in his volume of Canadian Men and Women said, "by the
Irish community of Montreal he was regarded as one who had stood the test
of devotion to their common fatherland, but it is to Canada that he has given
his best service and by his fellow-Canadians, without distinction of origin or
creed, he is held in the highest esteem and honor." .A Montreal citizen wrote of
him, "he bears a character without reproach and is as popular in legal and political
circles as he is respected." The Montreal Gazette said editorially, "no consti-
tuency in Canada has ever had a representative who gave up more of his time,
his talent and his energy to the promotion of its interests than did Mr. Curran
during the thirteen years he has enjoyed the confidence of his electors. His
genial kindly nature, his large-heartedness, his conspicuous liberality of mind,
absolutely free from every trace of bigotry, and his splendid oratorical powers
caused him to be in constant requisition whenever men were gathered together in
the promotion of worthy objects for the discussion of public affairs or the
advancement of the material and social welfare of the country." The Montreal
Herald concluded an admirable eulogy with the following paragraph : "Unselfish-
ness and genuine consideration for others, jirobahly explained his personal piipu-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 265

larity and his political success. lie used to say that the man in public life erred
in dodging office seekers. 'When I saw one who looked as if he wanted to get at
me ] always went to him first, and gave him his chance to speak,' he once
explained. He gave freely of his presence where he thought a good cause could
be served, or a good example be set. He did his duty, as he saw it, without
flinching. He was a good citizen, and he leaves a name to be held in honor."

PIERRE-CHRYSOLOGUE LACASSE.

Pierre-Chrysologue Lacasse, who follows the profession of notary in Montreal,
is widely and favorably known in this city. He enjoys a representative clientele
and his practice is extensive as he has gained a wide reputation on account of his
extensive knowledge, which is based on a thorough education. The Lacasse family
is an old and distinguished one in Canada, the first ancestor to come to this coun-
try being Antoine Lacasse, also called Casse or Casse, who came to this country
from Douai (French Flanders) about 1650, or more correctly, between 1639 and
1665. This statement is based upon a reference made in an appendix to the Flistory
of Canada by Abbe Ferland. The paternal grandfather, Frangois Lacasse, was
born at St. Vincent de Paul (Jesus Island) and the forefathers were born in the
same parish. The maternal grandfather, Joseph Brissette, was a native of St.
Cuthbert, of the county of Berthier, where his ancestors also were born. The
father of our subject, Narcisse Lacasse, was born on February 5, 182 1, of the
marriage of Frangois Lacasse with Therese Bastien and died, on December 27,
1892. He was a notary, receiving his commission on June 15, 1849. The mother,
Mathilde Brissette, was born on November i, 1820, a daughter of Joseph Bris-
sette and Marie Lavoie. She died in Montreal on August 29, 191 1, at the
advanced age of nearly ninety-one years. The father followed his occupation in
the parish of Ste. Elizabeth, in the county of Joliette, where his wife was born.

Pierre-Chrysologue Lacasse was born on January 7, 1866, at Ste. Elizabeth,
county of Joliette, in the province of Quebec, and in the acquirement of his educa-
tion attended the model school of Ste. Elizabeth, also receiving private tuition.
In furtherance of his knowledge he then attended Joliette College, now known
as the Seminary of Joliette, and Laval University at Montreal, graduating with
the Bachelor of Arts degree from the latter institution in 1885. From the same
institution he received his degree of LL. B. in 1891. However, on June 3, 1890,
he had already been commissioned a notary and has followed that profession ever
since. On January 29, i8gi, he was admitted to the study of law for the pro-
fession of advocate. His professional reputation is of the very highest character
and he has also extensively engaged in real estate and in dealing in bank and
insurance stock. Among important estates which he has handled as testamentary
executor were those of John Pratt, Thomas Philippe Barron, L. C. Gravel and
others.

The position conceded him by the profession is evident from numerous
important official and semi-official positions which he has held. He was elected
a member of the board of notaries for the district of Montreal in 1897, 1900,
1903, 1906. 1909 and 191 2. He was a member and afterwards president of the

266 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

committee of discipline and also of the committee of surveillance of said board
and a member and afterwards president of the commission for the admission to
the study of the notarial profession, which position he now holds. In his political
views he is independent, giving his support to measures and candidates as dic-
tated by his judgment. His religious faith is that of the Catholic church. ^Ir.
Lacasse was connected with military life during a few years as lieutenant in Com-
pany 4, Eighty-third Uatallion of infantry of Joliette.

A man of wide experience and with a wide outlook upon life, he is interested
along lines of endeavor that touch upon the progress of the city and can always
be found among those who loyally support any movement undertaken for public
betterment. He is highly respected and esteemed in the city where he is widely
known and enjoys the confidence and good-will of the foremost citizens of
Montreal.

ARTHUR A. BROWNE, M. D.

The tendency of the age is toward specialization and the professional man
who achieves distinction usually concentrates his efforts not upon the broad tield
of his profession but upon some particular branch thereof, and thus develops a
proficiency which he could not otherwise hope to attain. Such was the record of
Dr. Arthur A. Browne, educator and practitioner, who gained eiminence as an
obstetrician. He practiced for more than forty years in Montreal, entering upon
the active work of the profession in early manhood. He was born in Eastern
township, in 1848, and was descended from Irish parentage, and of a family
whose name figures prominently in military circles. His more specifically literary
course was completed by graduation from McGill with the Bachelor of Arts
degree in 1866. A year or two thereafter w^ts devoted to business but feeling
that a professional career would prove more congenial, he entered upon the study
of medicine and was graduated M. D., C. AI.. in 1872. He then spent a year
abroad, during which time he investigated the methods of eminent physicians
and surgeons of the old world, after which he o])ened ari office in Montreal. The
usual experiences of the professional man were his. He had to work his way
upward in face of competition with men who had long been in the profession
and had well established reputations. The conscientious care which he gave to
the cases entrusted to him at length won him recognition and his practice grew
until it became one of the largest in the city. As time passed he concentrated his
efforts more largely upon obstetrical diseases until he gained a wide and most
enviable reputation in that field, his opinions coming to be regarded as authority
upon many involved and intricate t|uestions relating thereto. In 1883 lie was
appointed professor of obstetrics at McGill University, succeeding tlie late Pro-
fessor Duncan McCallum, at the same time taking charge of the University
Maternity Hospital. Three years later, however, owing to his growing jiraclice,
already extensive, and his distaste for the drudgery of teaching, he resigned his
professorship. Yet, he was always intensely interested in McGill and her wel-
fare, and no function held by the medical department was thought to be complete
if Dr. Browne was absent. He was not only thoroughly informed concerning his

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 267

chosen calling but possessed a tine literary mind and his broad reading made
him one of the best informed men on general literature among the practitioners
of medicine and surgery in ^Montreal. He was a student of the classics, and all
these things had intluence to make him a noble-minded man, whose life exempli-
Hed the high principles which constituted the basis of his character. He possessed
an artistic taste that found expression in his intense admiration of the beautiful
in both art and nature. Moreover, keen sympathy was one of his strongly marked
traits and featured as one of the elements of his success. He might well be
called "the beloved physician," for his cheery presence as well as his scientific
skill brought comfort and assurance to many households. He inspired and
encouraged his patients and thus assisted them far on the road to recovery.

In Montreal, in 1878, Dr. Browne was married to Miss Jane Labatt, of
London, Ontario, and their children were: H. Dalzell, of Montreal; K. Russell,
of Bassano, Alberta ; Captain G. Sackville Browne, of B Battery, Royal Canadian
Horse Artillery, of Kingston; and F. Dora.

Dr. Browne held membership with the Masonic fraternity and in his life
exemplified the beneficent spirit of the craft. He had passed the sixty-second
milestone on life's journey when his death occurred January 26, 1910. His
eminent aliility gained him honor, his kindliness and consideration won him
gratitude and friendship ; and thus it is that his memory is cherished and remains
as a blessed benediction to all who knew him.

THOMAS McDOUGALL.

Important corporation and financial interests have felt the stimulus of the
enterprise, keen business insight and intellectual force of Thomas McDougall,
who is known in literary as well as financial circles. He was born at Three Rivers,
P. Q., May 21, 1843, a son of the late John ]\IcDougall, a merchant of Three
Rivers, who sat in the Canadian parliament from 1851 until 1854 and a brother
of the late Hon. Justice McDougall of Aylmer, P. 0. For many years Thomas
McDougall was in the service of the Quebec Bank and was agent of that institu-
tion in 1870. Later he became manager at Montreal and in 1894 was made
assistant general manager, from which position he was advanced to that of gen-
■eral manager in December of the same year. He continued actively in control of
the extensive and important financial interests that came under his guidance until
1909, when he resigned but remained a director of the bank. With him close
reasoning has become habitual, and he has therefore found ready solution for
■difficult and involved financial problems. He was chairman of the clearing house
at Montreal and was active in the meeting of bankers, convened to revise the
banking act in 1890. In 1898-9 he was president of the Canadian Bankers Asso-
ciation, which indicates his place of prominence and influence in the moneyed
circles of the country. He is still a member of the advisory board of the Scottish
Union & National Insurance Company, is vice president of the Shawinigan Water
& Power Company and a director of the Asbestos Corporation of Canada.

In many public connections outside the field of business and finance his name
has figured prominently and his labors have been effectively and helpfully felt.

268 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In 1908 he was the general treasurer of the Quebec tercentenary committee. He
possesses literary taste in high degree. He has written on banks, bankers and
banking, being the author of a well known article entitled, T. Pomponius Atticus,
a Roman Banker.

Air. JMcDougall was married at Three Rivers, P. O., to Aliss Helen Baptist,
a daughter of the late George Baptist. His religious connection is with the
Presbyterian church and in club circles he is well known as a member of the
St. James Club of Montreal and the Quebec Garrison Club of Quebec. His social
qualities and marked ability along many lines as well as his important business
interests have gained him the prominence which is today his.

JEAN BAPTISTS DAMD LEGARE.

Jean Baptiste David Legare, one of the most successful real-estate promoters
in the city of Montreal, was born in the parish of Sillery, near Quebec, June 7,
1865. Fortune did not smile on him for many years. His father having died
when the son was an infant of but three months, he was reared in the home of
his maternal grandfather. F. Cote, of St. Foy. While there he acquired his
elementary education and later attended the academies at Sillery and Quebec.
Manifesting laudable ambition from early youth, at the age of eighteen years
he began business life as a clerk in the general store of Louis Botirget in Quebec.
Subsequently he was employed in the wholesale dry-goods houses of P. Garneau
and William McLimont & Sons in Quebec. Later he became a representative
of large grain and flour mills and also became proprietor of a wine and vinegar
manufactory in Quebec. Fate was against him and he failed for seventy-two
thousand dollars. This would have utterly discouraged and disheartened many
a man of less resolute spirit, btit an optimistic nature would not allow Mr. Legare
to acknowledge defeat and still held before him the promise of later success.
He then engaged in promoting various imdertakings in Quebec, but still the
results were not such as were desired.

In 1908 Mr. Legare came to Montreal and continued in the promoting busi-
ness, making a specialty of real estate. This proved to be the turning point in the
career of Mr. Legare and he has since gradually but surely advanced to the goal
of success. In the past five years he has made over three hundred thousand dol-
lars and when the sum he had acquired was sufficient to cancel all of his indebted-
ness he made a special journey to Quebec for that purpose. Mr. Legare says
that through all of the dark days, when the storm clouds gathered al^out him that
threatened disaster and defeat, it was his wife's encouragement and her faith in
his future that buoyed him up and made possible his ultimate prosperity.

The principal companies which Mr. Legare has successfully promoted during
the past five years are : The Greater Montreal Land Investment Company, Lim-
ited; and The Chateauguay Garden City Company, Limited. He was also the
promoter of the town of Chateauguay. He is the owner of twenty-seven lakes
on the seigniory of Mille Isles and the water rights pertaining thereto. A strong
man i)hysically and mentally, liis optimistic temperament makes him an ideal

.lEAN BAPTISTE D. LEGARE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 271

promoter, 'i'hc various business entcriirises which he has promoted during his
career have contributed a great deal toward the development of the natural
resources of the Dominion.

Mr. Legare was married in Ouebec, in i8<ji, to Alda Garneau, daughter of
Charles Garneau, ex-sergeant of arms of the Quebec assembly. Upon the
maternal side she is descended from the De V'illers and the De Lachevrotiere
families, both being of the noblest families of France. Mr. and Airs. Legare are
parents of a daughter, Yvonne, who was married in 191 3 to Dr. Rene Turcot, and
they reside in Quebec.

JOHN ALEXANDER GORDON, D. D.

One of the greatest individual forces in the promulgation of Baptist doctrines
in Canada, a man who has worked long and earnestly in the promotion and spread
of Baptist principles, giving of his unusual talents, his great energy and tireless
labor to the cause, is Rev. John Alexander Gordon, for fourteen years pastor of
the First Baptist church in Montreal and now the incumbent of the chair of
pastoral theology at Brandon Theological College, active in the work of the
foreign missionary societies and in the spread of temperance doctrines through-
out the Dominion.

Dr. Gordon is of Scottish ancestry and was born in Uigg, Prince Edward
Island. He acquired his early education in the public and high schools of his
native province and in Acadia University, graduating with the degree of B. A.,
and acquired his theological training in the Newton Theological Seminary in
Newton, Massachusetts. He was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1875 and
has since been prominent and active in the work of the Baptist church. He
received the honorary degree of M. A. from Acadia College in 1894 and the
honorary degree of D. D. from the same institution in 1904. Previous to his
ordination he had been engaged in the mercantile and commission business at
Montague, Prince Edward Island, and his first ministerial charge was as pastor
of the church in that community. He was afterward called to Milton church,
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, where he remained from 1880 to 1885, after which he
went to St. John, New Brunswick, serving as pastor of the Leinster Street Bap-
tist church, and from there went to the First Baptist church, Charlottetown,
Prince Edward Island, remaining there until 1893, when he became pastor of the
Main Street Baptist church at Charlottetown. In 1899 he was called to Montreal
as minister of the First Baptist church of this city, a position which he held until
June, 1913, when he accepted the chair of pastoral theology at Brandon Theolog-
ical College. Dr. Gordon has been found most earnest, zealous and consecrated
in his work and has been carried forward by the force of his ability and the
extent of his interests into important relations with religious work of many kinds,
notably that of the local branch of the Lord's Day Alliance, of which he is vice
president ; the Prisoners' Aid Association, of which he is also vice president ; the
Grand Eigne Alissionary Society, of which he is president; and the Maritime Bap-
tist Union. No individual has done more powerful or effective work than he in
the propagation of Baptist doctrines or in the promotion of the church's interests

272 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

for he was in 1906 appointed a member of the committee on Church Union and
two years later was one of the promoters and a member of the committee which
organized the Baptist Union. He is a governor of Acadia University and is
especially interested in the work of the Foreign Mission Board of Ontario and
Quebec, of the British and Foreign Bible Society and the Moral and Social
Reform Council. He has written a "History of the First Baptist Church of
Montreal," published in 1906, and in August, 1908, entered a vigorous protest
against the celebration of high mass on the Plains of Abraham as a part of the
tercentenary celebration.

Dr. Gordon married at Kingsborough, Prince Edward Island, Margaret Ford,
eldest daughter of the late John Ford, and to them were born five sons: John,
a resident of Charlottetovvn, Prince Edward Island; Dr. Alvah H., of Montreal;
Peter W., of Calgary; Herbert F., of Winnipeg; and Walter H., city editor of
The Gazette of ilontreal. Dr. Gordon has been a lifelong temperance worker
and reformer and has accomplished a great deal of e.xcellent work along this
line, being uncompromising in his attitude toward the liquor evil and battling
against it always to the extent of his great ability. In Montreal he is known as
a man whose actions conform closely to his principles and whose energy, aggress-
iveness and untiring activity have been elements in the accomplishment of great
and lasting work.

CHARLES HENRY GOULD.

Charles Henry Gould, librarian of AIcGill University and president of the
American Library Association, 190S-09, is son of Joseph G. and Abigail (DeWitt)
Gould, the latter a daughter of the late Jacob DeWitt, M. P., of Montreal. Born in
Montreal on the 6th of December, 1855, Charles H. Gould pursued his education in
the city schools through successive grades until he completed the high school
course, after which he entered McGill University and was graduated B. A. with
first rank honors in 1877, also winning the Chapman medal in classics. Through
the succeeding scholastic year he devoted some time to post-graduate work in
physics. With the completion of his education he entered business circles, in
which he continued for several years. He afterward took up the study of library
economy and also spent some time in travel before entering upon his present con-
nection as librarian of McGill University. For twenty years he has filled his
jiresent position with eminent ability, having entered upoji his duties in Septem-
ber, 1893. He was made governor's fellow in 1891. There is no Canadian, per-
haps, who has made a more thorough study of the work and opportunities of the
librarian than has Charles Henry Gould, and realizing the deficiencies of many
who imdertake the librarian's task, he founded the McGill School for Librarians
in 1904. His prominence in his chosen field is indicated in his election to the first
vice presidency of the American Library Assocation for 1907 and upS and his
subsequent election to the presidency for 1908-9. He has continued his lajjors
at McGill although offered the appointment of associate librarian of the public
library of Brooklyn, New York, in 1908, and tliat of librarian of the Toronto
public library. A fellow of the American Library Institute, he belongs- to the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 273

Cliamplain Society, was president of the Bibliographical Society of America
1912-13 and is a member of other bodies which have for their basis the promotion
of scientific and literary knowledge. He is also a member of the University Club,
and the Canada Journal names him as a loyal and valuable citizen.

DONAT BRODEUR, K. C.

Specializing in the field of civil and commercial law, Donat Brodeur has
gained recognition as a man capable of handling intricate and involved legal
problems. He is a native of Montreal, born in March, 1S63. His preliminary edu-
cation was acquired in St. Mary's Jesuit College, with the later professional
course in Laval University, from which he was graduated' with the degree of B.
C. L. with the class of 1.887. H^ '^^'^s called to the bar at the beginning of the
succeeding year, and since that date he has practiced his profession continuously
in this city, now covering a period of a quarter of a century. Each year has
found him in a point in advance of that which he occupied the previous' year both
in knowledge and in ihe nature and importance of his practice. He is a well
known writer on legal subjects and a frequent contributor to legal periodicals.
He has also lectured on law topics before the Canadian Accountants Association
and the Chamber of Commerce. He has ever been a student of his profession,
constantly broadening his knowledge by wide reading and research, and the care
and precision with which he prepares his cases constitute a strong element in his
success.

Attractive social qualities are the basis of his personal popularity, making him
a valued member of different social organizations.

ROBERT FOWLER.

Robert Fowler, a merchant, was born in Montreal, November 17, 1851, and
died in April, 1903. He was a son of Robert J. Fowler, who was born in England
in 1818 and was educated there. He was brought up in the cathedral, having
from the age of ten years made his own way, becoming a choir boy in the church.
In 1847 he crossed the Atlantic going to Sorel, Canada, with Sir Benjamin Levine
and his staff, to teach the daughters music. In 1849 he came to Montreal and
was the first instructor of the city to hold musicales. For forty years he was
professor of music in the normal school and at different times was organist in
nearly all of the churches of the city. He could play any instrument and was
recognized as the best instructor in music, by far, of his day. He was also known
to some extent as a composer and, in a word, his musical talent was highly devel-
oped, while his professional labors and influence were an element in promoting
and cultivating musical tastes and standards in the city. His was an artistic
nature. He wielded the painter's brush with skill and he was, moreover, a great
naturalist. He took deep interest in the city's improvement and in all projects
for civic betterment. He held membership in Christ's Church Cathedral, renting

274 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

a pew there for thirty-tive years. His life thus became a potent force in the
artistic and moral progress of the city. He was married in Weymouth, England,
to Miss Annie Wadsworth and they became the parents of five children, who
reached adult age but only one, Annie, is now living. The others were William,
Susan, Robert and John Henry. The death of the father occurred March 14,
igoo, and the mother passed away in 191 1.

Robert Fowler supplemented a public-school course by study in the normal
school of Montreal and started in the business world as an employe in Robert-
son's dry-goods store, in which he acquainted himself with every phase of the
business and gained practical experience which made hiin a successful merchant
when he started out on his own account.

He carefully saved his earnings until his frugality and economy had brought
him sufficient capital to become a partner in the purchase of a stock of goods
and the establishment of a store. The firm of Fowler & Leishman was then
organized for the conduct of a retail dry-goods business and after a few years
Mr. Fowler was able to purchase his partner's interest becoming sole proprietor.
He then devoted his entire time to the business and enjoyed a liberal patronage,
deriving a fair and gratifying profit from his investment.

In Montreal in 1892, occurred the marriage of Robert Fowler and Miss Amy
Hamilton, a daughter of Robert Hamilton. Their three children were Gordon,
Wallace and Doris.

Mr. Fowler belonged to the Episcopal church and to its teachings was loyal
and faithful. He was a member of the Philharmonic Club. He manifested the
qualities of good citizenship and was devoted to the welfare of his family, who,
when he passed away in April, 1903, lost a loving and generous husband and
father, while his associates mourned the death of a loyal, faithful friend.

ALEXANDER COWPER HUTCHISON.

The history of Montreal's architectural development would be incomplete
were there failure to make reference to Alexander Cowper Hutchison, who,
though in his seventy-seventh year, is yet active in his profession in which he
has long been a recognized leader. His position today is that of consulting archi-
tect and his utterances are accepted as words of wisdom by younger representa-
tives of the profession. Mr. Hutchison is one of the old-time residents of
Montreal. In fact, his entire life has here been passed with the exception of a
period of three years s])ent in Ottawa, Ontario. He has seen this city develop from
less than forty thousand to a metropolitan center of over six hundred thousand
inhabitants.

Mr. Hutchison was born April 2, 1838, on the east side of Queen street
between Wellington and William streets, at Montreal and many years later it
fell to his lot in the course of his business, to tear down the <»ld house in which
his birth had occurred, this being done to make room for the Ives and Allen
warehouse which was erected ui)on that site. He comes of old Scotch ancestry.
His father was William Hutchison who came from Ayrshire, Scotland. He
was a builder in Montreal and afterward was connected with the public works

AI.EXAXDEK C. TUTCHTSOX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 277

department. The iiiotlier, whose maiden name was Helen Campbell Hall, wa?
also a native of Ayrshire, Scotland.

Such schools as existed in Montreal during his youthful days provided Alex-
ander Cowper Hutchison with his educational opportunities. When but a boy
of twelve years he began to learn the stone-cutter's trade under the direction
of his father and during the winter months for two or three years after he had
commenced work iie attended the school conducted liy the late C. P. Watson.
Subsequently he Ijecame a student in night school and devoted all (jf his sjjare
time to study, having come to a full realization of the value of education. He
possessed an inherited talent for drawing and to develop his powers in that direc-
tion he attended drawing classes that were conducted at the Mechanics' Institute.
He had made raj)id progress from the very first as a stone-cutter and disi)layed
exceptional ability and skill in that direction.

W'hen scarcely out of his teens he was placed in charge of the cut stone work
on Christ Church Cathedral and some of the finest stone work around the altar
in that edifice was cut by him before he had attained his majority. After
the completion of that building he was placed in charge of the cut stone work
of the eastern block of the parliament buildings at Ottawa during their erection,
bis efiforts in that connection continuing through the year 1862. While engaged
in that work he successfully conducted classes in drawing which were largely
attended. On the completion of the government buildings he was called to
Montreal to conduct classes in connection with the Mechanics' Institute, giving
instructions in architectural and geometric drawing. These classes were after-
ward transferred to the Board of Arts and Manufacturers and it was while con-
nected therewith that he took up the active practice of his profession which he
followed for many years. The beauty and utility which have always been salient
features of his designs are evident in many of the principal buildings of Montreal.

Among the many structures designed by Mr. Hutchison independently or
in a partnership relation, and which stand as monuments to his skill and inge-
nuity may be mentioned : Redpath Museum ; McGill University ; Erskine church ;
Crescent Street Presbyterian church ; Warren Memorial church at Louisville,
Kentucky; St. Andrew's church, at Westmount; Montreal high school and a
number of other school buildings; Royal Insurance building; London & Liver-
pool & Globe Insurance Company's building ; Canadian Express Company's
building; La Presse building; Queen's Hall block; Henry Birks & Sons' building;
Lord Strathcona's residence; Macdonald College buildings at Ste. Anne de
Bellevue, Quebec, as well as a large number of residences in Montreal and else-
where together with many warehouses, factories etc. One of the most recent
expressions of his architectural skill is seen in the Chalmers church at Ottaw-a.
He has not only practiced his profession as one of its active followers, but has
also gained renown as an educator in his special field. He has lectured on
ecclesiastical architecture before the Presbyterian College of Montreal and he
was one of the original members, selected by its founder, the Marquis of Lome,
of the Royal Canadian Academy of Art, and remained its vice president until
1907, when he resigned. He has likewise been honored with the presidency of
the Quebec Architects' Association, of which he was one of the founders, and
thus has come to him direct recognition of the honor and respect entertained
for him by the profession.

278 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In political affairs Mr. Hutchison has taken a prominent part but never as
a party leader in the commonly accepted sense of the term. \N'ith him men and
measures have ever been considered before partisanship, and the public welfare
has ever stood before personal aggrandizement. For years he was a member of
the council and was the second mayor of Cote St. Antoine, now Westmount.
His deep interest in and loyalty to the cause of education was demonstrated in
his eighteen years of service as a school trustee. For a number of years he
was a member of No. 5 Queen's Company \'olunteer Fire Brigade. He was
likewise a member of the First Company Rifles which was originally an inde-
pendent company and afterwards became the First Company of Prince of Wales'
Regiment. He was also an officer in a rifle company in Ottawa, while subse-
quently he became an officer of the Montreal Engineers, retiring with the rank
of lieutenant. He took part in the Fenian raids of 1866 and 1870 and was
accorded the Queen's medal.

Mr. Hutchison manifested great interest in church work. He was formerly
an elder in Erskine church, but afterward became connected with St. Andrew's
church at Westmount, which had previously been known as Melville church
but differences of opinion caused a split in the congregation and the portion
that left took the name with them. St. Andrew's church was then organized and
remained on the old site, at the corner of Stanton and Cote St. Antoine road.
Mr. Hutchison was one of its founders and since the organization of this
church has taken a most prominent part in its affairs. He has been an elder
for many years, was superintendent of the Sunday school for thirty years and
since 1886 has continuously served as session clerk. He is a member of the
board of managers of the Montreal Presbyterian College and was a memljer
of the national committee of the Presbyterian Laymen's Missionary movement
in 1909. He has likewise served as president of the Provincial Sunday School
Union of Quebec.

No good work done in the name of charity or religion has ever sought
his aid in vain, and his broad humanitarianism has been manifest in his helpful
support of many movements to benefit the poor and needy or ameliorate the
hard conditions of life for the unfortunate. He is a life governor of the
[Montreal General Hospital, of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane, governor
of the Western Hospital, and president of the Protestant House of Industry
and Refuge. He is an ex-president of the Canadian branch of the Royal Cale-
donian Curling Club and of the Alontreal Caledonian Curling Club, being now
honorary president of the latter and an ex-president of the Heather Curling Club
of Westmount. He was a warm personal friend of the late Hon. Alexander
Mackenzie and he counts among his close associates many of the most dis-
tinguished and eminent residents of Montreal and the province. The Ottawa
Free Press has termed him "one of Montreal's best known and most honored
citizens." He has long occupied positions of distinction, not only by reason of
what he has accomplished along professional lines, but also owing to the fact
that he has made his life of signal service and benefit to his fellowmen in his
support of benevolent and religious plans and projects. His life has ever been
actuated by the highest principles of honor and no citizen of Montreal is more
worthy of high regard.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 279

On ihc lotli of July, 1862, in Cobourg, Ontario, Air. Hutchison was united
in marriage to Miss Margaret Burnet of tiiat place, and they celebrated their
golden wedding in July, 1912. Mr. and Airs. Hutchison have two sons and
one daughter: William B., of the lirm of Hutchison, Wood & Miller, architects,
who is married; Charles Alexander, engaged in ornamental iron work-, who is
married and has two children, Margaret and Lome; and Helen, the wife of
George W. Wood of that firm. She has three sons : Alexander Campbell,
George Arthur and Douglas Fletcher.

Mr. Hutchison resides at No. 240 Kensington avenue and has lived in that
immediate vicinity for nearly fifty years. During his boyhood his parents resided
on the north side of St. James street just a short distance west of Bleury street
which was then one of the attractive residential sections of the city and Mr. Hutchi-
son relates some highly interesting incidents of those early days.

In 1865 when he took up his residence in what is now Westmount, that
district was supposed to be far out in the country. In fact, the nearest residence,
other than homes of farmers, was on Dorchester West near what is now
Greene street. While Mr. Hutchison has passed the seventy-sixth milestone
upon life's journey, he is a well preserved man, active in mind and body. Regu-
lar in his habits, he has never tasted into.xicating liquors or used tobacco in any
form. His great vitality has enabled him- to withstand three very serious opera-
lions since reaching the age of seventy years and his complete recovery has
attracted the attention of members of the medical profession. He is a splendid
type of a high-minded gentleman of the old school, whose natural politeness
and courtesv are in evidence at all times.

DAVID W. CAMPBELL.

David W. Campbell, prominently connected with marine transportation inter-
ests, is now general agent in Canada for the Elder-Dempster Company in the
South African and Mexican service. He was born in Montreal in 1861, a son of
the late John and Sarah (Evans) Campbell, of this city. His youthful days
were spent in his parents' home and his education was completed in the Montreal
high school. He comes of Scotch ancestry and in his career has manifested many
of the sterling traits characteristic of the land of the heather. His initial step
in business was made in the service of Thompson, Murray & Company, then
managing agents of the Beaver line of steamships in Canada. Fidelity, industry
and capability won him promotion from time to time and after twenty years'
continuous connection with the company he was appointed to the position of gen-
eral manager in 1895. While acting in that capacity he was the first to establish
a direct steamship service during the winter months to a Canadian port — that
of St. John, New Brunswick. It was through his instrumentality that the vessels
of the Beaver line were sold to the Elder-Dempster Company in 1898 and two
years later, or in 1900, he became Canadian manager for the latter company.
His efficiency in the field of steamship service management led to his selection,
in 1903, for the position of general superintendent of the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way Company's Atlantic fleet of steamers at Montreal, in which position he

280 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

remained until June, 1905, when he resigned in order to take control for Canada
of the interests of the Elder-Dempster Company in connection with the South
African and Alexican service. He subsequently became general agent in Canada
for the same company, and his efforts have greatly furthered its interests. He
readily recognizes the possibilities of a situation, utilizes the opportunities that
are presented and accomplishes substantial and gratifying results. He is a
director of several shipping companies and is on the board of the Montreal Sailors'
Institute and the Shipping Federation of Canada, all of which are more or less
directly connected with the line of business in which he has so long been engaged.
Moreover, he has done much to popularize the St. Lawrence route. He is serving
on the executive committee of the Canadian Shipping Federation, and his long
experience with maritime interests well qualifies him to speak authoritatively
upon matters with which the federation deals.

Mr. Campbell has for some years been a member of the Montreal Board of
Trade, in 1910 was elected one of its councillors and in 1914 a vice president.
He is also Cuban consul at Montreal.

In November, 1900, Mr. Camplpell married Miss Emily Maud Baird, a daugh-
ter of the late H. N. Baird of Toronto. They hold membership in the Presby-
terian church, and Mr. Campbell belongs to the St. James Club. He favors free
trade with the Empire and has been a close student of many political situations
and questions having to do with the welfare and progress of the Dominion. His
opinions upon such questions are never lightly valued, for experience has devel-
oped in him sound judgment and keen discrimination.

LOUIS DUFOUR DIT LATOUR.

Louis Dufour dit Latour, member of the real-estate firm of Latour & Guindon,
with offices in the Versailles building, Montreal, was born in this city, June 15,
1867, a son of Frangois Xavier Latotir dit Dufour of Lavaltrie, P. O., where he
followed farming, and of Elizabeth (Prud'homme) Latour of St. Sulpice, P. Q.
His great-grandfather was Michel Dufour dit Latour, a church builder, and his
great-grandmother was Charlotte Du Moulin from France.

In the acquirement of his education Louis Dufour dit Latour attended the
College of Chambly — the Brethren of Christian School, pursuing a commercial
course. His early experience in business lines came to him as office boy with the
Thomas Davidson Manufacturing Company, tinware and granite ware manufac-
turers of Montreal. He was in the employ of the company for twenty-six years,
gradually working his way upward as his developing powers and ability prepared
him for further activities and responsibilities. He served successively as custom
house clerk, cashier, bookkeeper and as manager of the Montreal branch of the
business, continuing in that position of responsibility for twelve years. No higher
testimonial of his business integrity, enterprise and fidelity could be given than
the fact that he remained with one company for over a quarter of a century. He
left them in 1909 to open a real-estate office in connection with J. M. Guindon, a
hardware merchant of Montreal, under the firm style of Latour & Guindon at
No. 1202 Mount Royal East street, where they remained from 1909 until 1913.

L. D. LATOUR

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 283

They then transferred their business to No. 52 St. James street, retaining the old
office, however, as a branch. In May, 1914, the offices were removed to the new
Versailles building on St. James street.

On the 28lh of May, 1888, in Montreal, Mr. Latour was united in marriage to
Miss Marie Joseph Lebianc, a daughter of Alphonse Leblanc and AveHne Amir-
ault of L'Epiphanie, P. O. Her grandfather was a pioneer of L'Epiphanie. Mr.
and Mrs. Latour have three children : Lydia, the wife of Eugene Brissette, who is
with La I'atrie Publishing Company; Rene, a hardware merchant of Montreal;
and Ernest, who holds a responsible position with The Mark Fisher Sons &
Company, Limited.

The religious faith of the family is that of the Roman Catholic church, and
the political allegiance of Mr. Latour is given to the conservative party. That he
is today one of the successful real-estate brokers of the city is attributable entirely
to his own labors and his laudable ambition. Step by step he has worked his way
upward, the trend of his orderly progression being easily discernible.

REV. NATHAN GORDON.

A man of deep learning, broad knowledge and scholarly attainments, of force,
experience and capacity, Rev. Nathan Gordon has become known as one of the
most able educators in Quebec province, and as one of the successful and conse-
crated workers among the Jewish people of Montreal. He was born in Odessa,
Russia, and took his arts course in the Cincinnati University, from which he was
graduated, B. A., in 1906. He is also a graduate of the Hebrew Union Theologi-
cal College of that city and in 1909 received the degree of ]\I. A. from ]\IcGill
University.

Mr. Gordon came to Montreal in igo6, having been appointed in September
of that year Rabbi of Temple Emmanu-El, and since that time he has accom-
plished a great deal of earnest and zealous work among the people of his congre-
gation, who recognize him as a sincere, upright and God-fearing man. The
■church property is valued at one hundred thousand dollars, and the business
affairs connected with its administration are ably conducted, Mr. Gordon assist-
ing his associates by his executive skill and sound and practical judgment. Com-
bining religious zeal with the ability necessary to make it effective among his
people, he has indeed been a force for good at Temple Emmanu-El and an able
propagator as well as a conserver of the doctrines in which he believes.

A scholar, a deep thinker and a broadly educated man, Mr. Gordon has long
been an ardent student of Oriental languages and literature and has paid particu-
lar attention to the language of his own race, in which he is thoroughly proficient.
In 1909 he was appointed lecturer on rabbinical and mediaeval Jewish literature
and instructor in Semitic languages at ]\IcGill University and in this position has
done a great deal to promote a more general interest in these subjects and a more
widespread knowledge of the customs, language and traditions of the Jews. An
ardent champion of his race and an upholder of its creed, a foe to the injustices
and wrongs which have continually oppressed it, he has supported the cause of
the Hebrew people on every occasion and one of the most eloquent and telling

284 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

appeals on behalf of the nationalization of the Plains of Abraham came from
him. The people of Temple Emmanu-El are fortunate in having at their head a
man so fearless in conviction, so able in argument, so uncompromising in support
of his professed beliefs, and the city of ]\Iontreal is fortunate also, having in
Rabbi Gordon an upright, public-spirited and loyal citizen.

EDOUARD CHOLETTE.

Edouard Cholette, a member of the notarial profession of Montreal, is a rep-
resentative of one of the oldest French families of the city, tracing his ancestry
back to Sebastian Cholette, who was born in 1679 «i'''d was married in Montreal
on the 19th of October, 1705, to Miss Anne Hard. They became the parents of
a large family. Edouard Cholette, born in ^Montreal on the 3d of April, 1880, is
a son of L. E. A. and Marie Antoinette (Le Sieur) Cholette, and in the acquire-
ment of his education attended St. Alary's College, from which he was graduated
in June, 1899. He completed a course in Laval University in June, 1903, win-
ning the Bachelor of Arts degree for work done in the classical course and the
Master of Laws degree, indicative of his preparation for the profession which
he now follows. Since his graduation he has practiced in Montreal as a notary
public and has been accorded liberal support.

In religious faith Mr. Cholette is a Roman Catholic. He 'is well known
socially in the city where his entire life has been spent and is a valued member
of the Canadian and St. Denis Clubs.

CARL RIORDON.

As vice president and managing director of the Riordon Pulp & Paper Com-
pany, Ltd., Carl Riordon occupies an important position in the commercial life
of the city. He was born June 3, 1876, at St. Catharines, Ontario, and is a son
of Charles and Edith (Ellis) Riordon. Carl Riordon was educated at Upper
Canada College, Bishop Ridley College and Toronto University, where he took
the degree of B. A. in 1896. He entered business fields in the Merritton mill, a
property of the Riordon Paper Mills in St. Catharines, becoming connected with
the sulphite department. He did work in the various departments of the con-
cern and subsecjucntly took charge of the repairs which were made on the Hawkes-
bury mill, of whicli he later became superintendent. In 1902 he returned to the
Merritton mill in the capacity of manager and in trjof) was made general manager
of the Riordon Pajier Mills, which concern absorlied the business of G. H. Perley
& Company in 1910, the firm adopting the name of the Riordon Paper Company
and establishing headquarters at Montreal. In 1912 the Riordon Pulp & Paper
ComiJany took over the l)usiness of the former company. It is one of the fore-
most concerns of its kind in the Dominion. Mr. Riordon is vice president and
managing director and is also flirector of The Mail IVinting Company of Toronto
and the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Company.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 285

Mr. Riuriloii lias an interesting military record to his credit, being gazetted
second lieutenant in the Nineteenth St. Catharines Infantry Regiment in 1898.
He was made captain in the following year and in 1901 became quartermaster
with the honorary rank of captain. For some time he led B Company of that
regiment. He retired in 1904.

Carl Riordon married on June 23, 1900, Miss Amy Louise Paterson, a daugh-
ter of the late Rev. Charles Paterson, of Port Hope, Ontario. To this union have
been born five children : Charles Harold, Edith Amy, John Eric Benson, Mary
Kathleen and Peter Hamilton.

In his religious faith Mr. Riordon is an Anglican. He is prominent in club-
dom, being a member of the Mount Royal, the St. James, the University and the
Hunt Clubs of Montreal; the Toronto Club of Toronto; and the liritish Empire
Club of London, England. He also is a member of the Alpha Delta PhiClub of
New York city. His political views incline him toward the conservative party
and although his commercial interests are so extensive as to prevent active par-
ticipation in governmental affairs, he shows great interest in matters of public
importance. In the world of paper making his name is well known and he is
considered one of the foremost authorities along that line. At a comparatively
early age he has attained a position of importance and distinction. He is shrewd,
able, energetic and technically highly trained and his success therefore is but
natural, being typical of the yotinger Canadian business men of the most modern
and progressive tendencies.

LAWRENCE LEOPOLD HENDERSON.

Among the successful business men of Montreal is Lawrence Leopold Hen-
derson, general manager of the Montreal Transportation Company. He was born
in Kingston, Ontario, March 5, 1866, a son of Peter Robertson and Henrietta
Jane (Sweetland) Henderson, the former a merchant of Kingston, born in Aber-
deen, Scotland, and the latter of English ancestry. The father died in 1895 and
the mother in 1896.

Lawrence L. Henderson received his education in private schools and in the
collegiate institute at Kingston. In 1884, at the age of eighteen, he entered the
employ of the Montreal Transportation Company as a clerk. Devoting himself
assiduously to the work at hand, he was promoted from position to position in
the various departments of the institution until he became in 1896 agent at King-
ston. In January, 1909, he was made general manager and at that time left
Kingston for Montreal, having since occupied this important position. Mr. Hen-
derson is a director of the National Real-Estate and Investment Company of
Montreal, the Montreal Transportation Company, the Montreal Dry Docks and
Ship Repairing Company, the Rothesay Realty Company, and president of the
Dominion IMarine Association. He is also a member of the ^Montreal Board of
Trade.

While in Kingston Mr. Henderson was a member of the city council from
1907 to 1908 and of the school board from 1904 to 1906. He also served on the
executive of the Dominion Marine Association. He was prominent as a member

286 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of the Board of Trade of Kingston and upon leaving that town was presented
with a handsome silver salver on behalf of the board and with a silver loving cup
by the employes of the company.

He is a member of the Canada Club, the Engineers Club, the St. George Snow-
shoe Club, the Canadian Club of Montreal, the Country Club of Montreal, the
Frontenac Club of Kingston, the Kingston Curling Club, and the Heather Club
of \\ estmount.

On April 30, 1890, Mr. Henderson was married to Miss Jennie Lena Spencer,
a daughter of the late L. B. Spencer, of Kingston, Their children are Lawrence
Spencer, Mabel Spencer, Ruth Sweetland, Kenneth Robertson, Florence Lillian
and Jean Lewis.

ALBERT PIERRE FRIGON.

Various corporate interests have felt the stimulus of the cooperation and
enterprising spirit of Albert Pierre Frigon, who today stands in a prominent
place on the stage of financial activity in Montreal, his native city. He was born
on the 14th of June, 1872, a son of Benjamin and Philomene (Cassan) Frigon,
the former a general contractor for more than thirty years. Both he and his
wife are still living. The ancestors of the family were all from France and
the genealogy can be traced back to the lifteenth century. '

Albert P. Frigon was educated in the Catholic commissioner's school,
Archambault's, where he was graduated with the class of 1888. Crossing the
threshold of business life, he became bookkeeper for P. P. Mailloux, a hard-
ware merchant on St. Paul street in Montreal, with whom he remained for
thirteen years, his capability and fidelity being attested by his long connection
with the house. He resigned in 1901 to become Inisiness and financial manager
for the Seminary of St. Sulpice of Montreal and in the intervening years to the
present his activities have constantly broadened in scope and importance. He
is now a controlling figure in various corporate interests and has large invest-
ments in others. At the present writing he is a memlier of the firm of St. Cyr,
Gonthier & Frigon, bankers and brokers, is vice president of Viauville Lands,
Ltd., president of the Star Realty Company, president of the Compagnie Im-
mobiliere d'Outre-Mer, president of the Canadian Siegwart Beam Company of
Three Rivers, vice president of the New Ontario i)\\ & Gas Company, Ltd.,
president of the Societe de Construction Lafontaine, president of the executive
hoard of the General Animals Insurance Company, president Tlmmoljiliere du
Canada, vice president of the France-Canada Company, president of St, Francis-
Valley Railway Company and president of the St. Francis Construction Company,
This recital of his connections indicates clearly the breadth of his interests and
of his capabilities. In various companies he is liending his energies to adminis-
trative direction and executive control and he possesses notable power in
unifying and coordinating seemingly diverse elements into a harmonious and
resultant whole. His opinion upon complex and involved financial problems
is ever accepted with respect and consideration by those well qualified to judge
thereof. He is the vice president of the General Trust Com|iany of Canada,

ALBERT P. I'KICOX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 289

president of Coniite de Surveillance Caisse Nationale d'Economie and is a
member of the board of La Chambre de Commerce of Montreal.

Mr. Frigon's activities also extend to various public interests which have
no bearing upon his individual prosperity but arise from a deep interest in the
general welfare. He votes with the liberal party but takes no active part in
politics. He is a gouverneur a vie de I'Hopital Notre Dame and he belongs to
Societe St. Jean Baptiste. He is also a Knight of Columbus and one of the
most sincere, earnest and enthusiastic workers of the order, in which he has
held a number of offices. His religious faith is indicated in the fact liiat he is
a past president of a number of Roman Catholic societies. Along more strictly
social lines he is connected with the St. Denis and Canadian Clubs. Of the former
he is a life member and has also been a life member since 1901 of the Mon-
treal Amateur Athletic Association. He is an honorary member of the
Sixty-fifth Regiment. His official municipal service has been that of mayor of
the new village of Sault au Recollet, to which office he was called in February,
1910, and as school commissioner of the same village, to which position he was
chosen in August, 1913.

On the iSth of April, 1898, in Montreal, Mr. Frigon was married to Miss
Malvina Perreault, a daughter of Jeremie and Victoria (Saint Dizier) Per-
reault, both of whom are now deceased. ' Her father was for a term of years
alderman of the city of Montreal and president of r.\ssociation St. Jean Bap-
tiste of Montreal. For thirty years he conducted business here as a dry-goods
merchant. Mr. and Mrs. Frigon are the parents of two children: Jeanne, born
in Montreal on the 12th of February, 1899; and Germaine, on the 12th of No-
vember, 1900.

Mr. Frigon is a most enthusiastic supporter of his native city, in which his
entire life has been passed, taking keen interest in its progress and having firm
belief in the great future. He has been an untiring worker for the construction
of the Georgian Bay canal, acting as president of the special commission ap-
pointed by the Chamber of Commerce of Montreal to take charge of that project.
In all of his public as well as his private connections he has been a man of
action rather than of theory, formulating his plans carefully and carrying them
forward to successful termination.

HUGH MACKAY.

On the list of Montreal's lawyers appears the name of Hugh Mackay, who
in 1913, was created king's counsel. His practice covers a period of fourteen
years, in which he has made continuous advancement. He was born in Montreal
in 1875, a son of the Hon. Robert Mackay. His early educational opportunities
were supplemented by a course in McGill, where he was graduated in 1900, with
the B. C. L. degree. He has since practiced as an advocate in his native city, and
his professional career has been one of growing success, a liberal and distinct-
ively representative clientage being now accorded him.

Mr. Mackay was married in 1903 in Montreal to Miss Isabel, a daughter of
J. N. Greenshield, K. C.

290 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Mackay's military history covers service as a captain of the Royal High-
landers, and he is widely and favorably known in military, professional and social
circles, having many warm friends in this city where his entire life has been
passed.

ANDRE ODORIE RONDEAU.

Capable, earnest and conscientious, and well versed in the knowledge of the
law, Andre Odorie Rondeau enjoys a large practice, especially among the French
citizenship of Montreal, ably representing valuable French interests in the local
courts. A man of sound judgment and logical reasoning, he readily discerns the
moving factor in any legal situation and presents his views and conclusions so
concisely that he seldom fails to convince court or jury. He is gifted with all the
qualities of which a lawyer may be proud and has a deep insight into human
nature, understanding the springs of human conduct, which qualities assist him
in his work. As the years have passed he has come more and more to the fore in
his profession and is now recognized as an authority upon many subjects of
the law.

Born at St. Marcel, in the county of Richelieu, on the 8th of June, 1876,
Andre O. Rondeau is the son of Louis Rondeau, a successful agriculturist, who
was born in the county of Berthier, and Lucie (Ouellette) Rondeau, a daughter of
Godefroy Ouellette, born in St. Ours, in the county of Richelieu. Both parents
are highly respected in their locality. The earliest record of the Rondeau family
goes back to one Pierre Rondeau, a son of Jean, who married Catherine Verrier
on September 30, 1669, at Ste. Famille, and had a large family. Another of these
early records mentions Jacques Rondeau, born in 1663, who married Franqoise
Beaudry at Trois Rivieres on November 6, 1691, and had a family of seven
children.

Andre O. Rondeau after acquiring his preliminary education attended a com-
mercial college at St. Aime and the pre])aratory seminary of Ste. Marie de Mon-
noir, from which he obtained his bachelor's degree. He received his law diploma
from Laval L'niversity of Montreal, after having studied for two years at St.
Hyacinthe under the su])ervision of Rlanchet iS: Chicoine, well known barristers.
Since Mr. Rondeau has joined the legal fraternity of Montreal he has made great
strides towards success, having left the ranks of the many and joined those of
the successful few. He is skillful in the presentation of his evidence, shows
marked ability in cross-examination, persuasiveness before the jury and has a
strong grasp of every feature of the case in hand. While his learning never
intrudes itself when uncalled for and he makes no display thereof, it comes into
requisition when wanted. He is a man who exemplifies in his conduct the lofty
ideals of his nation and noble calling and he honors his profession by paying it
honor and by his adherence to the solid virtues and enlightened principles under-
lying the law. It is his ambition to make his native talent subserve the demands
of the social and business conditions of the day and he stands today as a splendid
representative of a lawyer to whom personal prosperity is secondary in. imi)or-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 291

tance to the i)ublic welfare and less vital than many other elements which go to
make up hnnian existence.

On June 29, 1908, at Montreal, at the church of St. Jacques, Mr. Rondeau was
united in marriage to Miss Rose LUanche Trudeau, a daughter of Louis Mapoleon
Trudeau, a well known dentist. The religious affiliations of Mr. and Mrs,
Rondeau are with the Catholic church. In his political views he was during his
earlier years a liberal but since 190O has endorsed the nationalist movement as
he is in sympathy with their ideas. Outside of his profession he has had impor-
tant interests and is the builder of the Boulevard Trudeau and Rondeau, in the
Prairie River district, which leads through lots Nos. 16 and 17. He was one of
the founders and also one of the first directors of La Cie Zootechnique de La-
belle, Limitee, at Macaza, P. Q., which has for its purpose the raising of fur-
bearing animals. Mr. Rondeau is highly respected in Montreal as an able law-
yer and as a citizen of public worth and is especially popular and influential with
the French, of which race he is an able representative in this city.

SAMUEL COTTINGHAM STEVENSON.

There was no man to whom the success of Canadian expositions and exhibi-
tions was more largely attributable than to Samuel C. Stevenson, who as a com-
missioner, represented his province and country in connection with a number of
leading affairs of this kind on the continent. He was born in Montreal in 1848
and came of Scotch ancestry, being a son of James Stevenson, a native of Scot-
land, who after his arrival in Canada was identified with shipping interests, own-
ing a number of boats. His wife was, in her maidenhood. Miss Elizabeth
Cottingham.

Their son, Samuel C. Stevenson, pursued a high-school course and in 1872
was granted his Bachelor of Arts degree at McGill. He was assistant secretary
to the first large provincial exhibition and was identified with all the expositions
of the province from that time until his death. When the first one was held at
Mile End, he was given entire charge of the industrial department. In 1876 he
was appointed a commissioner of the province of Quebec to the great Centennial
Exposition held in Philadelphia and in 1877 when a permanent exposition com-
mittee was appointed for the province, he was made its secretary for the industrial
department and held that position until the organization of the Montreal Exposi-
tion Company in 1889. He was chief organizer and manager of all the important
expositions that were held in Montreal from 1886 until his demise and he repre-
sented the Canadian interests as commissioner for the province of Quebec at the
Colonial and Industrial Exhibition in London, in 1886. In 1892 he was appointed
a member and secretary of the provincial commission in connection with the
World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and was secretary of the council of
arts and manufacture of the province of Quebec. His long experience enabled
him to know adequately just what was most attractive for exhibition purposes
and how to assemble such, and the success of Canada's exhibits, both provincial
and at the international expositions in the United States, was due in large measure
to his efforts. He was a corresponding member of the Industrial Education

292 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Association of New York and a director of the Great Northern Railway of
Canada.

Mr. Stevenson's military experience began in his youth. When a boy ne
belonged to the High School Cadets and afterward joined the Victoria Kitles,
going to the front with his regiment at the time of the Fenian raid of 1866. Later
he received a commission in the Prince of Wales regiment and was a subaltern
in the company of that corps which was sent to the relief of the force that
engaged the Fenians at Eccles Hill. He remained in the corps until 1881, when
he retired with the rank of major. ]\Ir. Stevenson's interests and activities aside
from those already indicated were manifest from his membership in the An
Association and in the Crescent Street church.

At Saugerties, New York. in. 1.S7.8 Mr. Stevenson was married to Mrs. Ger-
trude (Caldwell) Bennett, a representative of a southern family, that lived in
\irginia until the time of the Civil war and then removed to New York. Mr.
and Mrs. Stevenson had three children : James Corliss : Elizabeth Lois, the wife
of Herbert Yuile : and Gladys Arnold, the wife of J. Hal Pangman.

Such is the record of Samuel C. Stevenson, who passed away January 2, i8g8.
As a public-spirited citizen he was widely known. None questioned his fidelity.
He responded to every appeal when it was needed for the benefit of the general
good; to build up rather than to destroy was his policy and he attacked everything
with a contagious enthusiasm.

FARQUHAR ROBERTSON.

The nature and variety of his interests and activities at once place Farquhar
Robertson among those citizens whose lives constitute a most useful and service-
able force in bringing about modern day conditions, progress and prosperity.
While he is well known as a business man, he has at the same time been a close
student of the sociological, economic and political questions of the day, and
has been actively allied with many movements seeking the betterment of condi-
tions for the benefit of the individual physically, intellectually and morally. He
has also been connected with many projects that promote the municipal welfare,
and thus his life has come to be one of great usefulness in his adopted city.
A native of Ontario, he was born April 14, 1850, at North Branch, Glengarry,
a son of Hugh and Flora (McLennan) Robertson and a brother of Lieutenant
Colonel D. M. Robertson, Toronto, Ontario. His education was acquired in his
native county and since entering upon his business career, he has largely given
his attention to the coal trade. In business aflfairs he carries forward to success-
ful completion what he undertakes, and his well formulated plans are productive
of far-reaching and beneficial results.

His activities along other lines have been equally broad and beneficial. He
is identified with many movements which seek to meet and improve modern
conditions, and to this end he is serving as a director of the Parks and Play-
grounds Association, and is vice president of the Montreal City Improvement
League. He was one of the promoters of the Montreal Typhoid Emergency Hos-
pital, and is one of the managing conmiittee of the Montreal General Hospital,

FARQUHAR ROBERTSOX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 295

a member of the committee of management of Royal Edward institute, and vice
president of Victorian Order of Nurses. Mr. Robertson is president of the
firm of I-'arciuhar Robertson, Limited, and director of Merchants Bank of Canada,
Montreal Trans])ortation Company, Canada Cement Company and the Prudential
Trust Company. He was president of the Montreal Board of Trade in 1909,
and it was largely due to his efforts during his term of ofifice, that a change in
civic administration took place, to a board of commissioners.

Air. Robertson represented St. Andrew's ward in the Montreal city council
for six years and was the council's representative on the Protestant board of
school commissioners for the same period.

Mr. Robertson married Miss Flora Craig, daughter of the late James Craig,
M. P. P., (jlengarry. They reside at No. 30 Ontario avenue. Montreal. They
are Presbyterians in religion.

While not an office seeker in politics (in which he is a conservative), in the
uslially accepted sense of the term, he is deeply interested in all that pertains to
the public welfare, and the present government thought fit to appoint him as
one of the present harbor commission.

Mr. Robertson is president of the St. Andrew's Society of Montreal. He is
well known in club circles, being a member of St. James, Montreal, Montreal Hunt
and Outremont Golf Clubs, and life member of The Caledonian Societv and
Montreal Amateur Athletic .Association. His recreation is devoted to curling and
farming.

JOHN ALLAN.

John Allan was a splendid example of what industry and determination will
accomplish for a man. Born in Strathmiglo, Scotland, on the 28th of November,
1863, a son of David and Christian (Roy) Allan, he became one of the successful
merchants of Montreal, dealing in clothing, hats, caps and men's furnishings. He
was educated in the schools of his native country and when eighteen years of age
crossed the Atlantic to Canada, making his way to Montreal, where he entered
the employ of Henry Morgan & Company. After some time spent with that
house he joined his brother, Robert Allan, who w'as engaged in the bottling of
ginger ale. Subsequently lie embarked in business on his own account on Craig
street in a small way, ha\ing a limited line of clothing, hats, caj)s and men's fur-
nishings. He closely applied himself to the development of the trade and in that
connection steadily worked his way upward, his patronage increasing as the years
went by until he won a substantial measure of success. He was truly a self-made
man, ha\ing been both the architect and builder of his own fortunes and his
record proved what may be accomplished when determination and energy point
out the way.

Mr. Allan was married in Cupar, Scotland, in 1894, to Maria Isabella Hood,
a native of that place and a daughter of Robert and Agnes (Moncrief) Hood,
and they became parents of five children, John Roy, Agnes Isabelle, Robert Bruce,
Douglas Hood and Malcolm Moncrief. Mr. Allan enjoyed curling as a recreation
and his more serious interests were represented in membership in the Masonic

296 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

fraternity and in Knox church. He was a member of the Young Men's Christian
Association for many years and took a deep interest in its affairs. His death
occurred January ii, 1912, and thus was ended a life of activity and usefulness.
He had made good use of his time and opportunities and had proved that pros-
perity and an honored name may be gained simultaneously.

REV. JOSEPH LEONIDAS DESJARDINS.

Rev. Joseph Leonidas Desjardins, secretary general of Laval University at
Montreal since September 14, 1907, was born at Ste. Therese, in the county of
Terrebonne, on the 27th of November. 1880, a son of Joseph and Odile (Boileau)
Desjardins, the former of whom followed agricultural pursuits. The son pursued
his early studies in the Seminary of Ste. Therese and in the Grand Seminary of
Montreal. His determination to prepare for the priesthood, followed by a thor-
ough course of study, led to his ordination by Monsignor P. La Rocque on the
3d of July, 1904. His time and energies have ever since been devoted to educa-
tional service save for a period which he devoted to further study. Following
his ordination he became a professor in the Seminary of Ste. Therese, where he
remained during 1904 and 1905. The following year he went abroad for further
study in Rome, where he remained from 1905 until 1907, winning the degree of
Doctor of Theology. Following his return to the new world he' entered again
upon active connection with educational interests as secretary general of Laval
University at Montreal, being appointed to his present position on the 14th of
September, 1907. In his life work mental and moral instruction go hand in
hand, and his efforts constitute an important element not only in the upbuilding
of character among individual students but also in the extension of Catholic
teachings and influence.

HIRSCH COHEN.

Hirsch Cohen, most actively identified with the educational and moral progress
of the Jewish people in Montreal, may point with justifiable pride to various
schools and synagogues which have been established through his instrumentality.
A Russian by birth, his natal day was in April, 1863, his parents being Hircom
and Sarah Cohen, both of whom have now passed away, the latter dying in 1896
and the former in 191 1 at a ripe old age, being over ninety years old. Liberal
educational advantages constituted the foundation for the important and far-
reaching life work of Hirsch Cohen who was educated in a Hebrew college in
Russia. The year 1890 witnessed his arrival in Montreal, since which time he
has been active in promoting work among the people of his own faith. He has
established eight synagogues, including one in T-achine and one in the city of
Quebec. At that period the peo[)le of his faith could not stand the regular
tithing system and there were only a few small synagogues to carry on the work
among the Hebrew people. Pro.'^perity, however, has come to many and a fair

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 297

degree of success to others and as they have prospered they liave contributed
to the work of intellectual and moral progress with a result that there are today
a number of large congregations and various smaller ones, each an active force
in promoting the moral development of the Hebrew people. Mr. Cohen has been
a leader in this work and he is also a director on the school board of the Baron
de Hirsch Institute. For the past seven years he has been acting as chaplain for
the Jewish prisoners in the province of Quebec. He is chairman of various
Hebrew schools in the city and has been practically the founder of them all and
in the meantime has established places of study where adult ITeljrews can acquaint
themselves with various lines of knowledge. He has founded three different syna-
gogues in Montreal since his arrival and another important branch of his work has
been the care which he has given to newcomers during the periods of largest
immigrations to Canada among the Hebrew people. Moreover, he has taken a
most active and helpful part in bringing about the amalgamation of the charitable
institutions of the Jewish people into a coordinate whole. He has seemed to neg-
lect no line of effort that contributes to the welfare of people of his faith. It
was through his instrumentality that all Jewish slaughter houses were brought
under the required supervision. He was one of those who took part in the organ-
ization of the Free Loan Association, and he was one who aided in establishing
the Jewish Daily Eagle, to the columns of which he makes frequent and welcome
contributions. He is one of the officers in the Zionist movement and one of the
officers in the Association of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada,
in which, he is also a member of the executive committee.

Mr. Cohen's first wife was Miss Sarah First, whom he married in 1888,
and their children were Mrs. Annie Presnau, Mary, Julius,. Ethel, Goldie and
Lazarus. In 1913 he married Leah Xochumofsky. It would be difficult to deter-
mine how important has been the life work of Hirsch Cohen, for there is no
standard whereby to judge influence, especially when it is exerted along lines
of intellectual and moral progress. His worth, however, is widely recognized,
not only by those of his own faith, but also by the Gentiles who respect him as
a man and honor him for his loyalty to his belief and for his great work in behalf
of his cause.

HARRY BLOOMFIELD.

A prominent representative of the Jewish element in the citizenship of Mon-
treal is Harry Bloomfield, a partner in the well known wholesale jewelry firm- of
Bloomfield Brothers. He is largely regarded as a representative business man.
enterprising, progressive, alert and energetic. He was born in Montreal in 1879, a
son of Baruch Bloomfield, a scholar and educator who for many years resided in
Montreal and enjoyed the respect of all who knew him. It was in the schools of
this city that Harry Bloomfield pursued his education and after entering business
circles he traveled for the American Clock Company of New York for five and
a half years, in which he gained much valuable experience concerning business
methods and procedure. On the expiration of that period he entered the employ
of the Canadian jewelry house of Pinfort & Company, whom he represented

298 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

upon the road as a traveling salesman for another period of five and a half
years. All during this time he was ambitious to engage in business on his own
account, and in 1904 he saw the realization of his hopes, for in that year he was
the organizer of the firm of Bloomfield Brothers, wholesale jewelers. Through
the intervening period the business has steadily grown and developed under the
careful guidance and management of its proprietors who are energetic, progress-
ive young men, realizing and utilizing their opportunities. They carry a large
and carefully selected line of jewelry, and their trade is growing year by year,
having already reached extensive and profitable proportions.

On the /th of June. 1905, Mr. Bloomfield was united in marriage to Miss
Sadie Davies, a daughter of IMorton Davies of New York, and their children are
Bernard, Louis, Dorothy and Florence. Mr. Bloomfield has been somewhat
active in connection with civic affairs. He was made justice of the peace for
the city and district of Montreal, October 12, 1904, and he was twice a candi-
date in St. Lawrence ward in conservative interests as M. P. P.

He is identified with a number of social and fraternal organizations, for
beside being president of the Independent \'oters League he is a director of the
Baron de Hirsch Listitute, a director of the Hebrew Sheltering Home, a director
of the Montefiore Club and president of the DTsraeli Conservative Club. At
the time of the ritual murder charge against Mendel Beiliss six judges were
appointed by the Jewish citizens to forward a protest to the governor general and
Mr. Bloomfield was appointed as one of the judges. He is a high type of young
Jewish manhood in Montreal and is rapidly winning for himself An enviable posi-
tion in business circles.

JOHN BRADFORD McCONNELL, M. D., D. C. L.

Dr. John Bradford McConnell, an able educator in the field of medical science
and actively engaged in hospital and .private practice, was born at Chatham,
Quebec, August 28, 1851, a son of the late Andrew and Martha Jane (Bradford)
McConnell, of Lachute, Quebec. In the acc]uirement of his education he became
a student at Dr. Wanless' Academy at Carillon, Quebec, and ultimately graduated
from McGill University with the degrees of M. D., C. M. in 1873. Still not con-
tent with the opportunities that had already been his for preparation for the
medical profession, he went abroad and did post-graduate work in Berlin under
Professor Koch. From the outset his professional career has been marked by
advancement and constantly expanding powers have enabled him to successfully
control and check disease when others of less thorough training or of minor devo-
tion to the profession would have failed. His high standing is indicated in the fact
that Bishop's College of Lennoxville selected him for the honor of receiving the
D. C. L. degree in 1905. He has long been eminent in the field of medical educa-
tion and was vice president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, while for
many years he was a professor on the medical faculty of Bishop's College. He has
successively occupied the chairs of professor of botany, professor of materia
medica, professor of pathology, professor of medicine and of clinical medicine,
and was vice dean for a number of years and was acting dean in 1905, when the

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UK. .lUllN U. .McLUXXKLL

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 301

medical faculty was amalgamated with McGill University, so tiiat his name is
inseparably associated with Bishop's College and the high rank it has attained.
Dr. McConnell has also been a member of the staff of the Western Hospital since
its establishment and is medical examiner for the Aetna and the Mutual Life
Insurance Companies. He was for several years editor of the Canada Medical
Record. Lie has written extensively on medical subjects and his opinions elicit
attention, admiration and consideration whenever publicly expressed.

Aside from the strict path of the profession Dr. McConnell has been active and
is now a senator of the Wesleyan Theological College of Montreal. He also has
an interesting military chapter in his life record, having from 1875 until 1884
served as assistant surgeon of the First Prince of Wales Regiment. In 1875 he
married Miss Theodora Lovell, daughter of the late Robert Miller, of Montreal.
Dr. McConnell is yet in the prime of life. He has not reached the zenith of his
powers, which are constantly unfolding and developing. He keeps in the van-
gaurd of those to whom science is revealing its secrets as the result of careful
investigation and wide research, and the broader knowledge which each year
brings is familiar to him.

JOHN GEORGE ADAMI.

Dr. John George Adami, scientist, educationist and author whose eminent
position in his profession was indicated in his election to the presidency of the
Association of American Physicians in 191 1, was born in Mainchester, England,
January 12, 1862, a son of the late John George Adami of Manchester and Ashton-
upon-Mersey, Cheshire. The mother of Dr. Adami, who in her maidenhood
was Sarah Ann Ellis Leech, was a daughter of Thomas Leech of Urmston, Lan-
cashire, and a sister of the late Sir Bosdin Leech, one of the founders of the
Manchester Ship Canal, while another brother was Professor Leech, a leading
member of the staiT of Owen's College and the Manchester Medical School.

Dr. Adami began his more advanced schooling when he entered Owen's Col-
lege, Manchester, and in 1880 entered Christ's College, Cambridge, becoming
a scholar of the same and in 1882 gaining a first class in the first part of the
Natural Science Tripos f.ollowed in 1884 by a first class in the second part of
the same tripos. Following upon this he spent eight months in physiological
research at Breslau, Germany, under the distinguished physiologist Fleidenhain.
In 1885, Dr. Adami was awarded the Darwin prize of his college, for original
research. The Master of Arts degree was conferred tipon him in 1887, and with
the completion of the course of medicine at Manchester in this year, he was
appointed house physician at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, following upon
which he was called to Cambridge to become demonstrator of pathology under
Professor Roy.

In 1890, he was appointed to the John Lucas Walker studentship of pathology
in the University of Cambridge, and went to Paris for bacteriological research
in the Institute Pasteur, under Professor Metchnikoff. He won his M. D. degree
in 1891, and in the same year was elected a fellow of Jesus College.

302 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

The following year he was called to Montreal, as professor of pathology in
McGill University, and his continued success in research work, in practice and in
the educational held, led to various degrees and honors being conferred upon
him. In 1898, AIcGill conferred upon him the degrees of M. A. and ^^I. B.
Ad Eund.

The University of Xew Brunswick honored him with the LL. D. degree in
1900, the University of Toronto conferring the same degree in 191 1, while
in 1912 he received the Sc. D. of Trinity College, Dublin. He had previously, in
1905, been elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He is also a fellow of the
Royal Societies of Edinburgh and Canada. In February, 1914, the Fothergillian
medal of the Medical Society of London was awarded to Dr. Adami for his
"work on Pathology in its application to practical medicine and surgery." The
Fothergillian gold medal was first awarded in 1787 and now is given every
third year.

It would be tautological in this connection to enter into any series of state-
ments showing him to be a man of scholarly attainments, for this has been
shadowed forth between the lines of this review in the work that he has per-
formed as an investigator and in the honors which have been conferred upon him.

He is perhaps even better known in the field of authorship than in educational
circles. The work by which he is most widely known is his "Principles of Path-
ology" in two volumes (the second in connection with Professor A. G. Nicholls
of McGill).

Dr. Adami has written various papers on pathological subjects which have
appeared in a number of the leading medical journals in England and America
and have also been translated into French. His smaller text-book upon pathology
\Vritten along with Dr. John McCrae, is being translated into Chinese.

That his activities have not been solely in the path of his profession are indi-
cated by not a few addresses he has delivered on biographical and literary sub-
jects. He stands prominently with those men of broad humanitarian principles
and high scientific attainment who are doing everything in their power to pre-
vent the spread of disease and educate the people to a knowledge of preventive
methods and sanitary conditions.

He presided at one of the meetings of the International Tuberculosis Con-
gress held in Washington in 1908, and was one of the promoters of the Royal
Edward Tuberculosis Institute in 1909. He was a member of the Royal Com-
mission, of the province of Quebec, re spread of tuberculosis in 1909, and in
that same year became president of the Canada Association for the Prevention
of Tuberculosis, being reelected for three years in succession. In 191 1 he was
honored with election to the presidency of the Association of .American Physi-
cians. He has been president of the local Medico-Chirurgical Society anfl is a
joint secretary of the X'ictorian Order of Nurses. In 1899 'i*^ ^^''i* president of
the Montreal branch of the British Medical Association and was president of the
pathological section of that organization at the meeting in Toronto in 1905. He
was a vice president of the section f)f ])athology at the International Congress of
Medicine, London, 191 3.

lie has been offered many prominent positions in the educational field both
in England and the United .States, but has jireferred to remain in Montreal, recog-
nizing that he has a broad field of labor in this city.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL mi

His teaching ranks him as one of the foremost educators of the land, and in
the class room he enthuses his pupils with much of the high idealism which has
always characterized his professional connections.

Aside from all of these activities and interests, bearing upon the practice and
science of medicine. Dr. Adami was chosen president of the City Improvement
League in 1909, and was elected vice president of the University Club in the
same year. He holds membership in the St. James Club, and in the Savile Club
of London.

Dr. Adami was married in 1894, to Mary Stuart, a daughter of James A.
Cantlie of Montreal, and a niece of Lord Mount Stephen. Their residence. No.
34 Macgregor avenue, is one of Montreal's attractive homes, while the family
arc well known in the best social circles of the city. The Herald has said of Dr.
Adami ; "Endowed with youth, energy and enthusiasm, his investigations have
been important and of great benefit to mankind." His name in connection with
his professional ability and research work is known not only throughout the
American continent but in many educational centers of Europe, as his authorship
has made him known to the profession.

RODOLPHE MONTY, K. C.

Since admitted to the bar in 1897 Rodolphe Monty has continuously and suc-
cessfully practiced in Montreal, advancing step by step to the position which he
now occupies as one of the able representatives of the legal profession in this
city. He is a member of the firm of Monty & Duranleau and their clientage is of
an extensive and important character. Montreal claims ]\Ir. Monty as a native
son. He was born November 30, 1874, and in the acquirement of his education
attended Ste. ^larie de Monnoir College, McGill University and Laval Univer-
sity, his classical course winning for him the Bachelor of Arts degree, while his
professional course gained for him the degree of LL. L. In January, 1897, he
was called to the bar and at once entered u]5on the active practice of a profession
for which he had fully prejiared. No dreary novitiate awaited him. He came
almost immediately into prominence and in 1909 was created a king's counsel.
He is now senior partner of the firm of Monty & Duranleau, one of the strongest
at the Montreal bar. and the thoroughness and care with which he prepares uis
cases excites the admiration and surprise of his contemporaries, who find him
prepared not only for attack but for defense as well. For eight years he has been
a member of the council of the bar of Montreal and for five years has been
examiner. He has served as delegate to the general council of the bar of the
province of Quebec for three years and as treasurer of the bar of Montreal for
two years.

While pursuing his study in the university Mr. ]\Ionty was president of the
law students of Laval in 1895-6 and at the same time was one of the most active
members of the model parliament established among the students. His eloquence
and skill as a debater secured for him the leadership of the opposition in those
early days. He also filled the offices of minister of railways and canals and
speaker of the house. He is now governor general of the model parliament. He

304 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

could undoubtedly win parliamentary honors today if he cared to do so, but,
while possibly not without that laudable ambition which is so useful as an incentive
in public life, he regards the pursuits of private life as in themselves abundaiuly
worthy of his best efforts and concentrates his energies upon his professional
duties. His devotion to his clients' interests is proverbial and on many occasions
he has proven himself capable of solving some of the most involved and intricate
problems of the law. In politics he is a conservative, while socially he is con-
nected with the St. Denis Club, the Club Canadien and the Delormier Club.

THE HON. SIR GEORGE A. DRUMMOND, K. C. M. G., C. V. O.

Sir George A. Drummond, whose strong intellectual force gave him mastery
over the grave problems which confronted him as a member of parliament and
enabled him to wisely direct his individual interests until success placed him
among the most prosperous residents of Montreal, was bom in Edinburgh, Scot-
land, in 1829. He enjoyed the educational opportunities offered by the high
school of his native city and then entered the university in the Scottish capital.
His laudable ambition and keen insight into conditions prompted him to seek
the advantages offered in the new world when but twenty-five years of age,
and therefore in 1854 he embraced the opportunity to come to Canada and
assume the practical and technical management of a sugar refinery which was
established in Montreal by John Redpath. In this connection the Gazette, at
the time of his death, wrote : "The superior education he received in the
institutions of his native Scotland was a powerful help to him when he was
called upon to grapple with the problems which demanded solution in an unde-
veloped country like the Canada of that day. When he became interested in
the Redpath sugar refinery in the year 1854 he was perhaps the best educated
business man in the city, and whether as a member of the Board of Trade, a
commanding figure in the realm of banking and commerce, or in social life,
he maintained that scholarly supremacy and distinction which was willingly
accorded him by his fellow citizens more than half a century ago."-

The Redpath sugar refinery proved a profitable enterprise from the begin-
ning until tariff' changes forced the plant to close down in 1874. Before resum-
ing operations in that line in 1879, in which year he founded the Canada Sugar
Refining Company, of which he became president. Sir George spent five years
abroad in study, travel and recreation. In coimection with the Canada Sugar
Refining Company he developed one of the most important productive indus-
tries of the country and into other fields extended his efforts with equal discern-
ment and success. He became a director in the P.ank of Montreal in 1882 and
in 1887 was elected vice president and subsecjucntly president, so continuing
until his death. He became president of the company owning and developing
the coal and iron mines at Londonderry, Nova Scotia, and was prominently
connected with many other commercial interests and projects. He was prom-
inent as a stockholder and ofticcr in the Mexican Light, Heat i.'v Power Com-
pany and was a director of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company and the
Ogilvie Milling Company and vice president of the Royal Trust Comjoany. He

SIR (iKomJK A. DIUM.MOXD

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 307

was also largely interested in tlie Cumberland Coal & Railway Company, and
his connection extended to various other corporations which have been impor-
tant factors in the development and upbuilding of Canada's manufacturing
interests.

From the time that he became a resident of Canada Sir George Drummond
also became a student of the conditions of the country as affected by political
interests. Perhaps no better account of his prominent connection with j^olitical
afiairs can be given than by quoting from one of the local papers, which wrote:
"Though coming from a country wedded to free trade ideas, he discovered that
new industries could not thrive here in competition with the advanced and
enterprising industrial activity on the other side of the line. Hence his early
advocacy of protection, designated during the campaign of 1878 as the National
Policy. Sir George Drummond had formed strong friendships with Sir John A.
Macdonald, Sir Charles Tupper and the more aggressive leaders of the con-
servative party as represented in the Canadian parliament. He was induced,
much against his will, to accept the party candidature in Montreal West against
one of the most [lopular men of the day, Hon. John Young. The contest will
be remembered by some of the older citizens as one of extreme bitterness,
although Mr. Drummond's utterances on the platform were marked by ability,
force and breadth of view, and those who heard him during that campaign of
1872 were not by any means surprised when he developed later into an authority
on banking and finance and a leader in the discussion of matters pertaining to
trade and commerce. That contest i)receded by two years the fall of the Mac-
donald government and the acceptance of office by pronounced free traders.
As delegation after delegation went to Ottawa, and were told by the finance
minister that ministers were as flies on a whe^l in the matter of bringing pros-
perity to the land. Sir George Drummond and his friends, recruited from both
of the old political parties, started to organize the downfall of free trade in
Canada. It was, however, when the victory had been won at the polls, when
Sir Charles Tupper's powerful etTorts at the by-elections in Ontario. Quebec and
Nova Scotia had brought forth their fruit that the hardest work had to be
done, and here the ability of Sir George came powerfully into play. Sir Leon-
ard Tilly was finance minister. Sir Mackenzie Bowell was in charge of the
customs and Sir John Macdonald was powerful in the country and in parlia-
rpent. He had received a mandate to bring the National Policy into force; but
this was easier to say than to do. The fiscal and customs policy of the country
had to be changed. It was at this time that the counsel and business experience
of Sir George Drummond were brought into requisition and with a great degree
of success. Time convinced men of good-will and fair mind that the broad
device of 'Canada for the Canadians' and 'that which is beneficial to the manu-
facturer will be equally beneficial to the consumer and to the country at large,'
were right. Mr. Drummond was not a conservative during his active partici-
pation in party conflicts because of individual gain. He adhered to principle
rather than to party name. In 1888, Sir John Macdonald being premier,
Mr. Drummond was called to the senate, and up to the time of his death was
the ablest representative of the mercantile classes in the upper house of the
Canadian parliament. As chairman of the banking and commerce committee of
the senate his word was as law. His opinions relating to matters of financial

308 HISTORY OF 3.IONTREAL

import were received without question by minister and member alike, and when
Senator Drummond had spoken upon a question of this kind there was a general
consensus of opinion that little remained to be said. It was by his mastery of
his subject and by his prominence in all matters affecting the moneyed interests
of the Dominion that he won the respect of his fellow legislators at the capital.
There are many men who are members of the Montreal Board of Trade who
look back to the days when Sir George Drummond was the president of that
organization and remember the manner in which he filled that ofifice, the highest
in the gift of the merchants of the commercial metropolis of the Dominion.
They remember the high character of his addresses and his wise contributions
to the deliberations of the council. It was accepted as a matter of course that
he should lead oft" either as the mover or the seconder in any great question
that was to be presented to the government or to the other colonies or for the
consideration of the whole empire. It was as director, vice president and presi-
dent of the Bank of Montreal that the citizens of the financial center of the
Dominion will remember Sir George Drummond long. His ability was freely
acknowledged on both continents. He was at headquarters early and late, and
his attention to the interests of the bank was as marked when the financial
atmosphere was serene as when there were lowering clouds on the horizon.
His attitude at the annual bank meetings was the personification of tact and
courtesy, and his able addresses on such occasions, uttered as they were with a
practiced finger resting upon the financial and commercial pulse of the conti-
nent, were read by Wall Street and London as eagerly as by the public men
and bankers of his own country."

Sir George Drummond was married twice. In 1857 he wedded Helen,
daughter of John Redpath, and following her demise he was married in 1884
to yhs. Grace Julia Hamilton, the widow of George Hamilton and a daughter
of A. Davidson Parker, a Montreal pioneer. Two sons of the first marriage,
Huntly R. and Arthur L., are living. The former succeeded his father as presi-
dent of the Canada Sugar Refining Company, Ltd., and is ex-president of the '
Montreal Board of Trade; while the latter is actively identified with the Canada
Sugar Refining Company, Ltd. One son, Guy, of the second marriage, is
living and is a resident of Montreal.

The death of Sir George Drummond occurred February 2, 1910, removing
from the stage of Canadian activity one of its most prominent and honored
figures. He was a member of the St. James Club, the Rideau Club of Ottawa,
the Reform Club of London, England, and the Manhattan Club of New York.

Sir George and Lady Drummond were in entire sympathy in their benev-
olent work. He was the founder of the Home for Incurables in Montreal,
which was opened in 1894 under the charge of the Sisters of St. Margaret, and
Lady Drummond bestowed much care and thought on the preparation of the
interior of the institution. She has been connected with many societies and
movements in Montreal that have to do with the betterment of the people, the
city or its conditions. She is president of the Montreal Charity Organization and
is actively connected with the Victorian Order of Nurses and with various
other bodies. She was also a member of the Quebec Tercentennial celebra-
tion in 1908. She was the first president of the local branch of the National
Council of Women. She was elected president of the Women's Canadian Club

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 309

of Montreal for 1907-8, and Lady Aberdeen places her "at the head of the
Canadian sisterhood for activity in 'promoting all that is true and just and beau-
tiful among women, and for a consuming hatred for unrighteousness in every
form.' " She presented a silver cup for competition l)y the members of the
Royal Montreal Ladies' Golf Club in 1905. Her name is not unknown in
literary circles and among her writings is an essay entitled "I'urity of S])eech
and Accent." She was the first woman to speak at a public ban(|uet in Mont-
real, being thus honored in icSg<S. In 1902 Sir George and Lady Drummond
were presented at court.

On the occasion of the visit of our present King and Queen to Canada as
Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York Lady Drummond drew ui) and pre-
sented an address to Her Royal Highness on behalf of the National Council
of Women of Canada, while Sir George Drummond at the same time ])rescnted
to His Royal Highness the citizens' commemorative medal. Lady Aberdeen
has characterized Lady Drummond as "a woman of distinguished i^resence,
with great personal charm, gifts of rare eloquence and the power of clothing
her thoughts in most expressive language." She is a member of the Anglican
church, to which Sir George also belonged.

Sir George was much interested in agriculture and the breeding of tine
stock. Huntlywood, his magnificent country place at Beaconsfield, was one of
the finest country estates on the continent. He took great pride in its well kept
condition, his private golf links affording an opportunity for indulgence in
a recreation that he was fond of. He kept only the finest live stock that he
could procure. His first Southdown sheep were bred from stock he secured
from King Edward. In live-stock breeding Sir George aimed to maintain the
same high standard of excellence that characterized everything he did. His
stock nearly always won first prize at the big stock shows in Canada and the
United States, where he met in competition the most noted breeders of his day.
Sir George also maintained a beautiful country house, Gads Hill, at Cacouna,
now the summer home of Lady Drummond. He took a most deep and helpful
interest in all those things which promote the aesthetic and moral nature of the
individual and which act as broadening and uplifting influences in the lives of
all. He was the owner of one of the finest galleries of paintings on the
American continent and was for some time president of the Art Association of
Montreal. It is said of him that he "derived greater pleasure in pinning a
badge to the breast of a member of the \'ictorian Order of Xurses and wishing
a hearty God-speed to that devoted agent of good than in talking in millions
around the directors' table of the Bank of Montreal." He was a knight com-
mander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George and his character and
his ability made his presence an honor in any gathering.

High encomiums were passed upon him by various members of the senate
when he was called from this life on the 2d of February, 1910. One of the
local papers said: "Flags flying at half-mast from many of the chief public
and commercial buildings of the city yesterday testified at once to the extent
of the interests with which Sir George A. Drummond was in his life connected,
and to the respect in which he was held for his character, his ability and his
public services." The council of the Board of Trade, of which he had been
president, said he was "long regarded as Alontreal's most eminent citizen and

310 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

one of the oldest and most distinguished members of this board." Senator
Lougheed said that he "doulited if any other name had been more closely linked
with the industrial life of Canada during the early part of the present genera-
tion than that of Sir George Drummond. Not only has he been associated with
the material development of Canada, but he was equally a supporter of the arts
and sciences and the great sociological questions of this progressive age. In
1903 he was the recipient of very distinguished honors at the hands of his
sovereign on account of the eminent public services which he had rendered
Canada. His name should long be revered in Montreal, where it was identi-
fied with the great commercial, educational and philanthropic institutions,"
Senator Dandurand said of Sir George : "He was esteemed in Montreal as a
liberal-minded man who did his utmost to maintain good understanding between
the races in that city, always showing an earnest desire to promote harmony.
He was a benefactor of all institutions that needed private help and will be
missed by the community at large, as he was whole-souled, kind-hearted and
one who played a most important role in all the aft'airs of the city."

L. JOSEPH THEOPHILE DECARY.

L. Joseph Theophile Decary, an architect of pronounced ability and promi-
nently known as a water color artist, was born at St. Jerome, Quebec, September
21, 1882, a son of Jean Baptist and Marie Theolinde (Lauzon) Decary, natives
of Lachine and St. Jerome respectively. When the north was open for settle-
ment in 1876 the father went to St. Jerome to establish business as a jevveler
and has there since resided. He is of the eighth generation in direct descent
from Jean Decarys, who came to Canada with Maisonneuve in 1642. The
name has since been variously spelled Decary, Decaire and Descarries.

L. Joseph Theophile Decary, whose name introduces this record, pursued a
commercial course in St. Jerome, leaving the school there in 1900. He after-
ward spent a year in a pharmaceutical establishment and a year as a telegraph
operator at St. Jerome Junction on the Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern
of Quebec Railroads. When nineteen years of age he left home, without funds,
to go to Boston, hoping there to find the opportunity which would enable him
to develop his latent talents in drawing. From an early age he had displayed
considerable ability in that direction and believed that his line of life should
be determined thereby. After reaching Boston he secured a situation in an
architect's office which brought him a salary of two dollars per week. He
learned quickly and won the confidence and assistance of Guy Lowell, archi-
tect, who sent him to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston in
October, 1903. There he followed a special course in architecture until 1905,
and he now holds a degree from the association of architects of the Province
of Quebec Architects' Association. Following his return to Canada he opened
an ofifice in Montreal, where he has since practiced his profession, his ability
gaining him a large clientage. He made the architectural design and plans for
the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales of Montreal for Messrs. Gauthier
and Daoust. His talent has been further developed in the field of fine arts as

L. J. T. i)i:c.\i;v

HISTORY OF MONTREAL ;jl3

shown in his exhibitions in water colors at the season exhibit of the Art Asso-
ciation of Montreal in 19 lo. He is a member of the National Gallery of
Ottawa.

On the 23d of April, 1906, at Point St. Charles, Montreal, Mr. Uecary was
united in marriage to Hattie G. Blancliard, a daughter of Captain J. B.
Blanchard and widow of John Weatherburn. In his political views Mr. Decary
is a liberal and is without political ambition or aspiration. He tinds pleasant
association with men of similar professional talents in the Technology Club of
Lower Canada and interest and recreation through his membership in the St.
John Yacht Club, of which he was vice commodore in the year 191 3.

ALEXANDER DRUMMOND STEWART, M. D.

Dr. Alexander Drummond Stewart, a successful physician and since 1903
connected with the department of the interior of the port of Montreal, is a native
of Toronto, Ontario, and acquired his preliminary education in the public schools
of that city. He studied medicine in McGill University, graduating with the
degree of M. D. in 1888. Since that time he has been continuously in practice.

Dr. Stewart opened his first office in Richmond, Quebec province, and he
continued there until 1898, building up a large and representative clientage and in
addition to its conduct serving in an able way as medical officer for the Grand
Trunk Railway at that point. From F^ichmond he came to Montreal and in this
city is now a successful practitioner. Besides conducting his .extensive private
practice he is medical officer of the department of the interior of the port of
Montreal, an office to which he was elected in 1903.

Dr. Stewart married Miss Emma Christie of Lachute, Argenteuil county,
Quebec, and they have become the parents of a daughter, Bessie. Dr. Stewart is
a member of St. Paul's Presbyterian church. He belongs to the Outremont Golf
Club and the University Club. Along professional lines he is connected with the
Montreal Medico-Chirurgical Society, and he keeps in touch with the most
advanced medical thought, remaining always a close and earnest student.

OHN MITCHELL.

John Mitchell, deceased, who was for thirty years a produce merchant of
Montreal, was born at Dufftown, Scotland, in 1830, and his life record covered
the intervening years to the 23d of November, 1904. His is a history of intense
and well directed activity along the line in which he engaged. Educated in Scot-
land, he came to Quebec when sixteen years of age, having a brother, Robert,
in this province. He made his entrance into business life as an employe of a
Mr. Symes, a merchant : but after a short time he left the city of Quebec for
Montreal at the solicitation of his uncle, Alexander Simpson, who was manager
of the Bank of Montreal. Mr. Mitchell embarked in business in connection with
others as a wholesale dealer in molasses, sugar and grain in the \\'est Indies, hut

314 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

the business failed and for a short time thereafter Mr. Mitchell was a resident
of Chicago, Illinois. Later he went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but soon returned
to Alontreal and here engaged in the produce business in which he continued for
thirty years, or until his death. He lived a quiet life, being modest and unassum-
ing in manner, and his uprightness and his honorable qualities won him the
admiration and respect of all.

Mr. Mitchell was married to Margaret Turner of Keith, Scotland, and they
became the parents of two children : John Alexander, living near Edmonton,
Canada ; and Alice Margaret, who is a member of the editorial staff of the Mon-
treal Weekly Star. In 1871 Mr. Mitchell was again married in the cathedral of
Montreal to Miss Elizabeth Scott, a daughter of Dr. Alexander Scott, who came
from Keith, Scotland, and practiced in Montreal, but died when his daughter,
Mrs. Mitchell, was but five years of age. In later years Mrs. Scott lived with
her daughter until her death. The children of Mr. ^litchell's second marriage
were four in number, of whom two are living: Walter Scott, a resident of Sor-
rento, Notch Hill, British Columbia ; and Charles Stewart, who is with the
Ogilvie Flour Mills Company of Montreal.

The family attend the First Presbyterian church, of which Air. Mitchell was a
devout member. He was also one of the founders of the St. James Club and one
of the original members of the Thistle Curling Club. W'hile quiet and imassuming
in manner, the circle of his friends was almost coextensive with the circle of his
acquaintances, a fact indicative of an honorable and well spent life.

BARUCH BLOOMFIELD.

In the history of Judaism on the American continent the name of few
deserve equal prominence with that of Baruch Bloomfield, scholar, educator
and philanthropist, actuated at all times by the highest spirit of humanitarian-
ism and moral force. He was born in Russia. He had liberal educational
advantages for his time and throughout his life was a close and discriminating
student. Crossing the Atlantic to the new world, he settled first in New York,
where he engaged in teaching for about ten years. He was one of the greatest
Hebrew and Talmudic scholars of his time. About 1S70 he removed from New
York to Montreal, which city remained his place of residence throughout the
rest of his life. His family is one of the oldest Jewish families in Montreal,
having been represented here for close to a century. For a quarter of a cen-
tury prior to his demise he was a representative in Montreal of the German
Jews in Jerusalem and was a prominent member of the McGill College Avenue
synagogue to which he rendered great services at various times. A part of his
life work was the collection of funds which he forwarded to the Holy Land,
and to the cause he was himself a most generous contributor.

Mr. Bloomfield was united in marriage to Miss Dora Albert and they became
the parents of five sons, four of whom still survive. .M)raham, David, Harry
and Samuel, together with the mother. In 1901 the family were called upon
to mourn the loss of ;i daugliter and sister, Jessie, whose death was an irre-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 315

parable blow to the household. It was while still grieving over the loss of this
daughter that .Mr. Bloomfield went to New Orleans, called there by the sudden
illness of his son, Moses, who was traveling through the south for a Canadian firm.
He was a young man of twenty-five years and was looked upon in the com-
munity as a model young man of sterling character, of the highest honor and
integrity, and of ideal purity in life. The father hastened to his bedside and
every possible thing was done to restore him to health, but a few days after
the father's arrival Moses Bloomfield passed away. This death following so
closely upon the death of the daughter was more than Mr. Bloomfield could
bear. He died almost literally of a broken heart, passing away in New Orleans
on the 31st of December, 1901, aged fifty-six years. The sudden demise of
father and son has been greatly deplored by the entire. Jewish community and
especially by the Shaar (Hashomayim) congregation to which they -belonged.
A beautiful memorial service was held at the McGill College Avenue synagogue.
The remains of father and son were interred in a cemetery in New Orleans,
but at the memorial service in Montreal hundreds of their friends gathered to
pay the last tribute of respect and to thus honor their memory. In his address
Rabbi Bernard M. Kaplan said : "We have assembled in this House of God
from all parts of the city to mourn a great and grievous loss which we have
sustained by the untimely demise of two most virtuous, most pious and most
respected members of the community, a father and son who under the most
pathetic circumstances found their graves in a strange land. The son, while
yet in the freshness and boom of life, expired in the embrace of a loving father
who had traversed almost a continent to gaze once more upon the innocent and
serene countenance of his child." Rabbi Kaplan said that some would mourn
more deeply the loss of the young man — his associates and friends who were
closely connected with him — while to others the death of the father, which had
come as a more telling blow, yet by all the death of each would be felt, for each
was a man largely ideal in his home relations and in his relations to his friends
and to his congregation. Mr. Bloomfield was a most devoted and loving father
as well as a most kind, considerate and alYectionate husband. "He not only
loved his wife, but true to the teachings of the Talmud, of which he was a
great student, he honored and respected her. His family life was an inspiration
to every lover of ideal home life. His modest home was a veritable sanctuary
whose atmosphere was permeated by serene peace, true purity, and sincere piety
And, again, every one who appreciates gentleness of manner and gentleness of
disposition, purity of life and purity of thought, faith in God and faith in
humanity, devotion to religion and devotion to every other duty, sincerity of
speech and sincerity of action, must lament the loss which the community sus-
tains by the death of Baruch Bloomfield. for he embodied all these qualities and
many more. He loved peace and pursued it. He loved Hebrew learning and
devoted his life to it. He loved Judaism and made great sacrifices for it. He
loved charity and gave it. I approached him myself several times on matters
of charity. Not only did he contribute a great deal more that I thought his
means allowed him. but what is more, he gave his share with all his heart and
soul — so much so that he reminded me of the proverbial romantic Hebrew
charity which meant not only the giving of money but also the giving, so to
speak, of the very heart with it.

316 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

"For a period of twenty-five years Baruch Bloomfield, from time to time
collected and forwarded considerable funds to the Holy Land. It was the supreme
passion of his life to step some day on the Holy Land. His wish like that of
Moses has not, however, been realized. He died on this side of the Jordan.
But, friends, there was no need for Baruch Bloomfield to go to Palestine in
order to be on holy land. I say in all sincerity, that the ground where so pure
and so pious a man as Baruch Bloomfield stood, studied or prayed, was holy.
It was sanctified by the holiness of an ideal Jewish life. Yea, the very ground
wherein his body, the shrine of so beautiful a soul is deposited is positively holy.
Baruch Bloomfield was an ish kaddish, a holy man in the traditional sense of
the term. A trulv holv man sanctifies his surroundings."

SIR THOMAS GEORGE RODDICK, M. D., LL. D., F. R. C. S.

Sir Thomas George Roddick, AI. D., LL. D., F. R. C. S., was born
at Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, July 31, 1846, a son of the late John.
Irving Roddick and Emma Jane Martin. His father was a native of Dum-
friesshire, Scotland, and was for many years principal of the government school
at Harbour Grace. After pursuing his preliminary education with his father,-
and, later, in the Truro Model and Normal Schools of Nova Scotia, Sir Thomas
entered McGill University in 1864 in preparation for the practice of medicine,
which he intended to make his life's work. He graduated M. D., C. M.,
in 1868, and was the Holmes Gold Medallist and final prizeman of his year.
Immediately following his graduation he was appointed assistant house sur-
geon and afterwards house surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital, which
position he held for six years. Later, he received an appointment as attending
surgeon to that institution and in 1874 entered upon private practice. From
1872 to 1874 he was lecturer on hygiene in McGill University and was demon-
strator of anatomy during 1874 and 1875. In the latter year he was made
professor of clinical surgery, which position he held for fifteen years, when he
became professor of surgery, occupying that chair until 1907. He was dean of
the medical faculty of McGill from 1901 till 1908.

In 1896 Sir Thomas was elected president of the British Medical Associa-
tion, being the first colonial physician ever honored by election to that office,
which he held from 1896 to 1898. He presided at the Montreal meeting and'
was subsetjuently elected vice president for life of that, the largest and most
important medical body in the world.

He is president of the Montreal branch of the \'ictorian Order of Nurses ;
president of the Alexandra Hospital for Contagious Diseases ; vice president
of the Royal Edward Institute ; consulting surgeon to the Royal X'ictoria Hos-
pital and Montreal General Hospital. He was a member of the royal tubercu-
losis commission recently appointed by the Qiiebec government ; is a past presi-
dent of the Medico-Chirurgical .Society of Montreal, and of the Canadian
Medical Association, of whicli latter body he was recently appointed honorary
president. When the Newfoundland Society of Montreal was organized a few
years ago he was appointed Iionorary president. In 1898 Edinburgh University-

SIK TIlOJiAS r.. KODJIU K

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 319

recognized his services to medicine by conferring upon him the honorary degree
of LL. D. ; in 1903 Queen's University honored him in a like manner; in 1899
he was elected an honorary F. R. C. S., London. After resigning the deanship
of the medical faculty of McGill in 1908, he was appointed a governor of McGill
University. He was one of the first surgeons on this continent to employ Lister's
methods in the treatment of wounds.

Sir Thomas' connection with the militia of Canada dates as far back as
1868, when he joined the Grand Trunk Artillery as assistant surgeon, and was
under orders for the second Fenian raid in 1870. He subsequently commanded
the University Company of the Prince of Wales Rifles and was appointed sur-
geon to that regiment in 1885. During the Northwest rebellion in the same year
he organized the hospital and ambulance service for the expeditionary force
and was in charge of the medical service in the field, holding the rank of deputy
surgeon general of militia, was mentioned in despatches and recommended for
the C. AL G. For his services on this occasion, and for the Fenian raid, he
holds the service medals, and also the long-service medal. He attained the rank
of lieutenant colonel in 1900 and is now on the retired list of officers.

Sir Thomas is a conservative in politics and represented St. Antoine divi-
sion over two parliaments, sitting in the house of commons from 1896 until
1904. His chief reason for entering politics was to exploit a scheme which he
had long advocated, viz., that of Dominion medical registration, for which a
federal act was necessary. The "Roddick Bill'' so-called, passed parliament in
1902, was amended and became operative in 191 1. Thus was established a
one-portal system for entrance to the practice of medicine throughout the
Dominion of Canada. A Dominion medical council was at once organized, of
which Sir Thomas was elected first president.

Sir Thomas was married in 1880 to Miss Marion McKinnon, a daughter
of the late William McKinnon of Pointe Claire, P. Q. Her death occurred
in 1890, and he afterwards wedded in September, 1906, Miss Amy Redpath,
daughter of the late J. J. Redpath of Montreal. His religious faith is that
of the Presbyterian church.

He is a member of the Hunt Club, the University Club and the Mount Royal
Club. His residence is at 705 Sherbrooke street. West.

Patriotism, courage and generosity have always characterized him, and, not-
withstanding the demands ever made upon him in his professional life, he has
always found time to take an active part in all movements having to do with
the social and moral welfare of his adopted city.

FERDINAND GUSTAVE LEDUC.

Among the representative bankers of Montreal is Ferdinand Gustave Leduc,
manager of the Banque d'Hochelaga, and as such enjoys high prestige among
his colleagues. He is considered an authority upon financial matters, and that
this judgment is not misplaced is evident from the success with which he man-
ages this eight-million-dollar institution. Although he has attained a high place
among the captains of finance he is modest and unassuming in his demeanor.

320 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ever ready to receive a caller or listen to the most humble of his employes in
order to keep in touch with the smallest details of his business and all situa-
tions and conditions that might aft'ect the financial world. Mr. Leduc is a native
of the province of Quebec, his birth having occurred at Beauharnois on the 31st
of March, 1871. He is a son of Michel Ferdinand and Mathilde (Vachon)
Leduc and was educated in his native city in 1884, became a student at St.
Joseph's College of Burlington, Vermont. The earliest records of the Leduc
family in Canada refer to one Jean Le Due, born in 1624, a son of Jean and
Cecile (La Chaperon) Le Due. On May 11, 1652, Jean Le Due, first men-
tioned, married Marie Soulinie at Montreal and died about fifty years later, on
April 19, 1702. This record is taken from the "Dictionnaire Genealogique,"
compiled by Abbe Tanguay.

Ferdinand G. Leduc early displayed an interest in the banking business and
in 1886, after leaving the academy in Vermont, entered upon a position with
La Banque Jacques Cartier. with which institution he remained until 1899,
becoming well acquainted with all the details as regards investments and credits
and the multitudinous duties and responsibilities connected with the manage-
ment and direction of a large financial establishment. Since 1899 ]\Ir. Leduc
has been manager of the Banque d'Hochelaga, his extraordinary ability finding
recognition in this important position. The bank has a capital and reserve of
about eight million dollars and is one of the strongest financial institutions in
the Dominion.

On the 14th of January, 1894. Mr. Leduc married Miss Corinne Bisson, a
daughter of E. H. Bisson, a prominent man along various lines and well known
as a member of the provincial parliament. '-Mr. and Mrs. Leduc have three
children : Louis Philippe, aged seventeen ; Gabrielle, aged twelve ; and Jeanne
Aimee, aged ten. The family afiiliates with the Catholic church.

Mr. Leduc takes a deep interest in the metropolitan development of Mon-
treal and is ever ready to extend or place at the disposal of the general public
his time or means in order to promote worthy public enterprises. Although he
has not c'ared to actively participate in public life, he has done much to promott
the growth of the city in his private capacity. Personally he is approachable,
kindly and dignified — a gentleman of pleasing manners and fine appearance,
combining with grace of manner an American demeanor of democracy which
readily makes for him friends who are devoted to him on account of the sub-
stantial qualities of his character.

FREDERICK ERNEST THOMPSON, M. D.

Dr. Frederick Ernest Thompson, who since 1890 has been in continuous
practice of his profession in Montreal, his signal ability commanding for him
a distinguished place in medical circles and a wide and representative patronage,
was born in the city of Quebec, Queliec province, and acquired his early educa-
tion in the grammar and high schools there. He followed this by a course in
Morrin College and after completing this entered McGill L^nivcrsity from which

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 321

he was graduated M. D. in 1890. He still remains a close and earnest student
of his profession, keeping in touch with its most advanced and modern thought.
Dr. Thompson began practice in Montreal in the fall of 1890, and his ability
attained instant recognition. Since that time constant study and research and
steadily widening experience have broadened and developed his powers, and he
is today one of the most successful and prominent physicians and surgeons in
the city where he makes his home. In the latter line of work he has become
especially proficient as his position in the department of obstetrics and operative
siirgery on the staff of the Women's Hospital plainly shows. He is a member
of the Montreal Medico-Chirurgical and the Canadian Medical and British Med-
ical Associations, and a fellow in the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society, and his
ability is widely recognized in professional circles.

PROFESSOR CHARLES EBENEZER iMOYSE.

Professor Charles Ebenezer Moyse, a member of the faculty of McGill Uni-
versity since 1878 and since 1903 dean of the faculty of arts and vice principal
of McGill, needs no introduction to the readers of this volume, for his fame
and ability as an educationist and writer, both of verse and of prose, have made
his name a familiar one from coast to coast. He was born at Torquay, England,
March 9, 1852, a son of the late Charles Westaway and Mary Anne (Jenkins)
Moyse, the former of Torquay and the latter a daughter of John Jenkins, of
Exeter. He was educated first of all at the Independent College, Taunton, and
subsequently at University College, London. He obtained the Bachelor of Arts
degree of the University of London in 1874. He was university exhibitioner in
English and also headed the honor list in animal physiology. His career as an
educationist has been a successful one from the outset. He was appointed
headmaster of St. Mary's College, Peckham. and while filling that position was
elected in 1878 to the Molson professorship of English literature at McGill
University, Montreal. In 1903 McGill conferred upon him the honorary degree
of LL. D. In the same year he was appointed dean of the faculty of arts and
vice principal. His position in the university at once indicates his high standing
in the profession. He was editor in chief of the McGill University Magazine,
now the University Magazine, for five years, and has for many years been pres-
ident of the McGill College Cricket Club, a fact which indicates that his interest
is not merely along literary lines.

Professor Moyse has ever been a close and discriminating student and' has
found his greatest pleasure as well as his chief activity in roaming through the
fields of the world's literature and finding companionship with the men of
master minds. The result of his labors has, in part, been given to the world
in a number of pulilished volumes and articles. In 1879 he brought out a volume
entitled "The Dramatic Art of Shakespeare," and in 1883 "Poetry as a Fine
Art." In 1889, under the pseudonym "Belgrave Titmarsh." he published a vol-
ume entitled "Shakespeare's Skull." and he published in igio. a volume entitled
"Ella Lee; Glimpses of Child Life," consisting of poems reminiscent of his child-
hood days in Devonshire. In 191 1 appeared "The Lure of Earth," a volume of

322 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

poems of a more serious character. He has also written various poems and lit-
erary articles which have appeared in the leading magazines of the day.

In June, 1883, Professor Moyse wedded Janet McDougall, the eldest daughter
of John Stirling of Montreal. Mrs. Moyse has been deeply interested in a move-
ment for providing playgrounds for children in Montreal, her efforts in that direc-
tion being untiring, and she is now a director of the Parks and Playgrounds
Association. Professor iMoyse has been a close student of all the interesting
problems and significant questions of the day and absorption in books has never
made him neglectful of the duties and obligations of citizenship. His social
nature finds expression in his membership in the Thistle Curling Club and Uni-
versity Club. He has been characterized as "a highly cultured man who has had
a brilliant career as an educationist."

GEORGE HAGUE.

Respected by all who know him, no man occupies a more creditable posi-
tion in banking circles than does George Hague of Montreal, who for many
years was prominently identified with the management of important financial
affairs. He has been ecjually well known by reason of his active support of
benevolent and philanthropic objects and by his interest in phases of public-
spirited citizenship. He was born at Rotherham, Yorkshire, England, January
13, 1825, a son of Mr. John Hague, and comes from an old family of bankers,
as some or other of his relatives have for generations bafk been connected with
the leading bank in the town. Mr. Hague has passed the eighty-ninth milestone
on life's journey and his career has been one of usefulness and honor.

Plis early education was acquired at Morgate Academy, in his native town,
where his proficiency in mental arithmetic placed him at the head of the school
when yet a mere boy His school days over, he entered into active connection
with financial interests as an employe of the Sheffield Banking Company. He
remained in Great Britain until 1854, when he came to Canada, having accepted
the position of financial manager of a firm of railway contractors. Two years
later he became accountant at the head office in the newly organized Bank of
Toronto. The steps in his orderly progression are easily discernable. He
advanced from one position to another which brought upon him larger responsi-
bilities and duties, each, however, finding him adequate to the demands made
upon him. He was appointed manager of the Bank of Toronto at Cobourg,
Ontario, and in 1863 succeeded the late Mr. Angus Cameron as cashier of the
bank, in which capacity he remained until 1876. It was during this period that
Mr. Hague's influence was felt in some of the most important legislation affect-
ing banking interests in Canada. The government had brought in two measures
in succession, for the regulation of the currency. To the first, some of the
western bankers were inclined to agree, but Mr. Hague conceived its operation
would be prejudicial to the interests of a l^ank like the Bank of Toronto, and
the finance minister was prevailed on to make it optional instead of compulsory.
Only one hank consented to embrace its jirovisions, and, for some years, matters
went along undisturbed. The second measure was far more dangerous, and

GEORGE HAGUE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 325

was wholly compulsory. It was foiiiidcd on the American currency plan, which
was then at the zenith of its [)opularity, and had not yet developed any of the
unfavorable features which afterwards transi)ired. This Canadian govern-
ment measure, many bankers, [jarticularly from Ontario and Nova Scotia, con-
cluded would be utterly unsuitable to the circumstances of Canada, and they
determined to give it strenuous opijosition Air. Hague was a[)])ointed secretary
of an informal association for the purpose, and the contest was maintained
through two or three sessions of parliament. There were, powerful influences
at the back of the government in favor of the measure and the contest was a
very determined one. At length when Sir Francis Hincks had been appointed
finance minister, a satisfactory compromise was proposed, accepted, and its
provisions incorporated in the Dominion note act, and the Canadian bank act,
which both shortly followed.

Previous to this every bank was worked under a separate charter, but now
these various charters were amalgamated under one compendious act, the prepa-
ration of which occupied the leading bankers and lawyers in the house of com-
mons for several months. In these discussions Mr. Hague naturally took a
leading part, along with Mr. E. H. King of the Bank of Montreal. Hon. Mr.
Lewin, of the Bank of New Brunswick, Hon. Edward Blake of Toronto, Mr.
Peter Jack who represented the banks' of Nova Scotia and, of course, the
finance minister. This act, together with the Dominion note act, has been at the
foundation of Canadian banking ever since. During the progress of these dis-
cussions Mr. Hague was offered the general managership of the Bank of Com-
merce, as well as one of the higher positions in the Bank of Montreal. Both
however were declined.

After the exacting labors entailed by this contest, Mr. Hague concluded that
the time had arrived when he might fairly carry out a project that he had
cherished for many years, viz., to devote the remainder of his life to religious
and philanthropic work. In preparation for this he resigned his position in the
Bank of Toronto and made other arrangements for a change in his mode of
life. Upon severing his connection with the Bank of Toronto, the directors of
that institution presented Mr. Hague with a service of plate and a handsome
sum of money, in consideration of his efficient services to the bank as well
as for his most valuable services to the banking interests of Canada generally.

Subsequent events proved that Mr. Hague's preparations for retirement
from the banking business were premature.

A cloud had been gathering over the commercial and financial position
of Canada for some time back, and it was never darker or deeper than in the
opening months of 1877. The records of failures and insolvencies grew- to
alarming proportions, fully four times the usual average, and the losses of the
banks told on them severely. The general manager of the Merchants Bank of
Canada having resigned, the directors of that institution offered the position to
Mr. Hague and pressed upon him to accept it.

It was like taking command of a ship in the midst of a storm, but he felt
it his duty to undertake the task, but did so with a full understanding that he
should be at liberty to devote a reasonable amount of time to religious and phil-
anthropic work. It was several years before the financial cloud passed by, and
of the strenuous labors of bankers at that time it is needless to speak. Suffice

326 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

to say that Mr. Hague held on to his post with careful attention to the matters
he had stipulated for, and only retired after twenty-tive years more of service,
at a ripe old age, and having in the meantime assisted in the decennial reviews
of the banking act that transpired from time to time according to its provi-
sions. At the time of his resignation as general manager in 1902, the directors
of the Merchants Bank presented ^Nlr. Hague w-ith a valuable piece of solid silver,
gold plated, and made a handsome provision for the remainder of his life.

Whilst general manager of this bank, Mr. Hague was several times requested
by the American Bankers' Association to address its annual meeting, and took
an active part in preventing the adoption of silver as the basis of the finances
of the United States. He also drew up a paper in which a strenuous protest
was made against the adoption of silver as part of the basis of the currency
of the Bank of England. This had been urged by a school of financiers known
as bi-metallists, but Canada has always stood solidly on a gold basis, and so has
England remained.

When the Bankers' Association of Canada was founded, !Mr. Hague took an
active part in company with Mr. Wolferstan Thomas, Mr. Duncan Coulson,
and other bankers in drawing up its constitution, and was chosen its first presi-
dent. Since his retirement from banking circles he has been honorary presi-
dent, an office to which he was reelected at the last annual meeting of that
association.

In the intervening years, since his retirement to the present time, Mr. Hague
has given his attention to literary and philanthropic work and has become widely
known by reason of his contributions to the press and his cooperation in many
organized charitable and benevolent projects, especially the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association.

He has written many articles which have appeared in the financial papers and
also reviews on banking and philanthropic subjects. He also published a valu-
able treatise, entitled Banking and Commerce. His published works include.
Some Practical Studies in the History and Biography of the Old Testament.

Another phase of his activity has brought Mr. Hague not only into close
connection with many charitable and benevolent movements, but also with ])ro-
jects of vital importance to the city and its material, intellectual and moral
development. He is today a governor of McGill University, vice president of
the i\Iontreal Diocesan College ; a governor of the Montreal General Hospital, and
a director of the House of Industry and other kindred organizations. He is
vice president of the Canadian Bible Society and was at one time president of the
Young Men's Christian Association, to which he has been a generous contributor.

Some years ago, after an era of extravagant expenditure of the city council
during which the ddjt of the city was doubled in five years, an association was
formed for maintaining a watchful oversight over the finances of the city. This
was called the Good Govermnent .\ssociation, and many of Montreal's most
prominent citizens became members of it. Of this association Mr. Hague
was chosen president, and under its auspices an efficient check was placed upon
extravagant spending by the Montreal Corporation, through an act of the legis-
lature, brought in by Mr. George Washington Stephens. Mr. Hague often went
to Quebec on the business of this association which has now, however, been dis-
solved and superseded.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 327

At a certain period of our ])arliamentary history, when the late Sir John
Abbott was [jremier, a great outcry was made as to abuses in cotniection witli the
civil service. A Royal commission was appointed for examination of which
Eflmond JJarheau and J. M. Courtney, deputy fmance minister, were members.
Of this commission Air. Hague was appointed chairman. The examination was
very thorough and extended over several months. Every department of the
service was overhauled and at its close a series of recommendations were made,
all of whicii tended to correct abuses and promote efficiency, and. which if
adopted, would have resulted in a large annual saving to the country. Some
of these were adopted, but others unfortunately were not, and another commis-
sion became necessary later on.

Mr. Hague still has financial interests in several corporations, being a director
of the Guarantee Com]jany of North America, and others of a similar character.

Mr. Hague has never i)een an active politician, Init his connection is with
the liberal-conservative element, his support being given to the Chamberlain
policy. No movement tending to promote civic virtue or civic pride has failed
to receive his indorsement and support. His interest in public affairs is that of
a broad-minded. public-sjMrited citizen, looking beyond the exigencies of the
moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future. His religious faith
is that of the Anglican church, in which he has been a most active worker for
many years.

Mr. Hague has been married twice. In 1852 he wedded Sarah Cousins, a
daughter of Mr. Joseph Cousins, a manufacturer of Sheffield, England. Her
death occurred in 1900 and in March, 1902, he wedded Mary Frances Mitche-
son, a daughter of the late McGregor Mitcheson, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. He is now past the eighty-ninth milestone on life's journey, but in
spirit and interest seems yet in his prime. The Canadian American has truly
styled him, "A high-minded Christian gentleman, public-spirited and always at
the front in every philanthropic movement . . , never knew a fairer man
or one more actively unselfish." All this indicates that his life was never self-
centered but has reached out along lines of constantly broadening usefulness and
activity for the benefit of the people, seeking rather the welfare and benefit of
the many than the advancement of self. His life has indeed been one of signal
usefulness.

WILLIAM ROBERTSON.

Insurance interests found a prominent representative in \\'illiam Robertson
in Montreal, who was largely a pioneer in the work of adapting English com-
panies to the business methods pursued on this side of the Atlantic. A Canadian
by birth, his native town was Lachute, province of Quebec, and his natal year
1847. His father, Dr. William Robertson, a graduate of the Edinburgh Medical
College, settled in Lachute when a young man, there establishing himself in
practice, but later removed to St. Andrews East, where he continued actively
in the profession until his death, greatly endearing himself to the community
by the willingness to which he responded to the call of the sick, even though

328 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

it meant a self-sacrificing ride of from sixty to seventy-five miles. His pa-
tients had the utmost confidence in him and his professional efiforts were a
blessing to the inhabitants of that, then scarcely settled district. He married Miss
Alary A. Tierney, of Ireland, and they had two sons and three daughters, the sur-
viving son being Dr. Patrick Robertson of England. An uncle of our subject
was Colin Robertson, who won fame in the northwest.

William Robertson pursued his education in the schools of St. Andrews
East and from his youth up was an underwriter, having begun business when
quite young by entering the insurance office of Simpson & Bethune of Montreal.
Such was the reputation which he won for superior business qualifications, for
executive power and administrative ability, that in 1873, when but twenty-six
years of age he was elected as representative for Canada of the London &
Lancashire Life Assurance Company. The duties of this office he filled most
acceptably for about seventeen years, or until his life's labors were ended in death.
He projected many changes and improvements in the methods of the English
offices, transacting business on this side of the Atlantic. He made thoroughly
Canadian in spirit and activity, the London & Lancashire Company in the
Dominion, bringing about its popularity and success. He carefully organized and
systematized the business here, with the result that the London & Lancashire
Company became one of the strongest insurance companies of the country.

In 1871 Mr. Robertson was married to Miss Helen I. Barnston, a daughter
of George Barnston, who throughout his active life was engaged in the Hud-
son's Bay service in British Columbia and in the northwest country. He came
to Canada in 1821 and retired, after many years service with the Hudson's Bay
Company, spending the remainder of his days in a well earned rest in Montreal.
His wife was Miss Helpn Mathews of England. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson became
the parents of two children, who are living: Dr. William Graeme Robertson of
England, who is attached to the White Star service; and Helen M. C, at home.

Mr. Robertson was active as a faithful member of St. James Episcopal church,
in which he served as warden and he also belonged to the St. James Club. His
keen sagacity enabled him to recognize the different spirits of the business cir-
cles in the old world and in the new, to adapt himself to changed conditions and
to work along lines of new world progress. Thus he became a recognized leader
in insurance circles occupying a prominent position until 1889 when he- went to
Denver, Colorado, for his health, there passing away on the 26th of February,
of that year.

CHARLES P. HEBERT.

Charles P. Hebert, the first president of the wholesale grocery firm of Iludon,
Hebert & Company. Ltd., of Montreal, was born in tlie prelty little village of St.
Charles on the 'Richelieu river, and when a young man made his way to the city
which was ever afterward his home. Here he began business in a small way and
by energy and industry soon built up his establishment. In 1883 he Isecame a
member of the firm of Hudon, Hebert & Company. The business was originally
established under the style of E. & V. Hudon and subsequently was conducted

CHARLICS P. HEliEKT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 331

uudur llie name of V. lliulun and later became J. lludon & Company. In 1906
it was incorporated as liudun, liebert & Company, Charles P. Hebert becommg
the first president of that cori)oralion. They are wholesale grocers and wine
mercliants, the premier establishment of its kind in the Dominion, importing
directly from manufacturers in luirope, China, Japan, Asia Minor and the
United States. They employ one hundred and seventy people in their Montreal
establishment and have twenty-five salesmen constantly visiting all Canada, sell-
ing their goods from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the amount of five million dol-
lars annually.

Mr. Hebert always took a deep interest in Montreal's charitable institutions.
He was president of the board of management of the Notre Dame Hospital and
was also connected with other benevolent organizations and projects. He served
as a member of the council of the Montreal Board of Trade and filled honorable
positions in that body, including those of vice president and member of the
board of arbitration. He was one of the directors of the City and District Sav-
ings Bank and also a director of the Masson estate.

Mr. Hebert died at his home at No. 117 Champ de Mars, Montreal, July 17,
1906, and was survived by a widow and six children.

After the death of Mr. Hebert Mr. Joseph Hudon was elected president of the
corporation and on his death in 1908 Mr. Albert Hebert, son of Charles P.
Hebert, succeeded to the presidency, and following his demise in 191 1 Mr.
Zephirin Hebert, also a son of Charles P. Hebert, became president of the
company.

REV. ALEXANDER CHARLESON MANSON, Ph. D., D. D.

In Presbyterian circles in North America the name of the Rev. Ale.xander
Charleson Manson is well known and since the 19th of April, 1912, he has been
pastor of the Taylor Presbyterian church of Montreal, one of the largest organ-
izations of the city. A native of Thurso, Scotland, he pursued his education in
the schools of Edinburgh and of Winnipeg, Manitoba. Studying theology, he
won his Doctor of Divinity degree at the University of Chicago and he first served
as superintendent of missions of North Dakota. Later he accepted a pastorate
in Duluth, Minnesota, and afterward became pastor of the Eleventh Presbyter-
ian church in Chicago, Illinois. From that city he went to Detroit, Michigan,
in response to a call from the Second Avenue Presbyterian church and left that
city to come to Montreal on the 19th of April, 1912, where he entered upon his
duties as minister of the Taylor Presbyterian church, which was organized July
23, 1876, with Rev. J. J. Casey as its first pastor. He continued in that position
until March 16, 1882, and was succeeded by the Rev. Thomas Bennett, who
remained in charge from the ist of December, 1885, until December 31, 1897.
His successor was the Rev. W. D. Reid, who continued in charge until 1912,
when Rev. Manson became pastor. The present edifice of the Taylor Presbyterian
church was erected in 1893, at a cost of about sixty thousand dollars. There is
a membership of nine hundred and thirteen, with a Sunday school of four hundred

332 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and fifty members, and the Junior Christian Endeavor Society is the largest in
the city. There is a strong Sunday Afternoon Club, a First Company of Montreal
Boys Brigade and a Ladies Athletic Club as auxiliary organizations to the
church. In fact, the church work has been thoroughly systematized in every
department, and splendid results are being accomplished. The church is in
touch with the broader idea that the best Christian service can be accomplished
with better physical and mental as well as moral development. Aluch attention
is paid to the social life, and yet nothing for a moment overshadows the founda-
tion work of the organization, which is the salvation of souls. Rev. Manson is
a fluent, earnest speaker, who studies life and its problems and with notable
clearness shows the relation of modern day conditions to the lessons that have
come down to us through the ages from the moral teachers of the past.

Rev. Manson was married June 24, 1889, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Ferguson,
of Hamilton, Ontario, and their children are: Berith Du Val, of New York
city; and Vera Charleson, Allena Conklin, and Leslie Worden, all at home. At
this point it would be almost tautological to enter into any series of statements
as showing Rev. Manson to be a man of broad intelligence and genuine public
spirit, for these have been shadowed forth between the lines of this review.
Strong in his individuality, he never lacks the courage of his convictions but there
are as dominating elements in this individuality a lively human sympathy and an
abiding charity, which, as taken in connection with the sterling integrity and
honor of his character, have naturally gained for him the respect and confidence
of men.

REV. THOMAS JOSEPH MacMAHON.

One of the most able Catholic educators in Quebec province, a man sincere,
straightforward and reliable in the discharge of the duties and obligations of life,
most earnest and consecrated in his work as a priest of the Society of Jesus, is
Rev. Thomas Joseph MacMahon, rector of Loyola College in Montreal. He has
been connected with this institution since 1912 and, constantly following high
ideals and guiding his actions by sound and practical judgment, has been an
important factor in its later development and growth.

Father MacMahon was born at Hamilton. Ontario, December 12, 1874, and
received his primary education at the Catholic separate schools in that city, later
attending Hamilton high school and St. Mary's College, Montreal. Entering the
Society of Jesus in 1895, he was sent to St. Louis, Missouri, where he received
a long Jesuit training in philosophy and theology, after which he returned to
Montreal, where he was ordained to the priesthood in 1910. Father MacMahon
then went to England for further training preparatory tO' taking the position of
prefect of studies at Loyola College, a post which he assumed in May, 1912. He
proved a capable educator and an excellent disciplinarian and in 1913 was advanced
to the position of rector of the college. This is a large and growing institution
conducted by the Jesuit Fathers for English-speaking Catholic boys and has an
enviable reputation throughout eastern Canada for the thoroughness of its train-
ing and the comprehensive courses of study offered. The high standard of

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 333

efficiency, traditional in the scliuol, has been niainlaineil nnder I'^atlier Mac.Malion's
able management and the institution has made a creditable growth during the
period of his incumbency. He has made himself thoroughly conversant with the
affairs of the college and is rapidly pushing forward the work on the construction
of the new buildings at Notre Dame de Grace, Sherbrooke street, Montreal West,
where the institution will be moved within the next two years.

Besides being an able educator and a farsighted and reliable business man.
Father MacMahon is known also as a preacher of rare ability and power and has
filled most of the pulpits in Montreal and the vicinity in a credital)le manner. He
has made his talents, powers and abilities forces in the spread of the Catholic
religion in this province and has accomplished a great deal of beneficial and
lasting work among the students of Loyola College and the people of the city.
He has their love in large measure, while his upright and honorable chararter and
his life of service has gained him the respect and esteem of people of all denomi-
nations.

ROBERT WARD SHEPHERD.

An age of intense commercial activity calls forth the powers of men who can
grapple with new conditions and utilize the opportunities that come with suc-
cessive changes. Adequate to the demands of the hour, Robert W^Trd Shepherd
occupied a central place on the stage of business activity at Montreal for more
than a half century. The high ideals which he cherished found embodiment in
practical effort for their adoption. He was no dreamer, for his theories were
such as could be put into successful execution and his business record balanced
up with the principles of truth and honor. As the president of the Ottawa River
Navigation Company, he was known to thousands of people in Ottawa valley and
he also figured in financial circles as vice president of the ^Molson Bank.

Of English birth, Mr. Shepherd came to Montreal immediately after his
arrival in Canada and soon entered into active connection with the Ottawa River
Navigation Company, then under the presidency of Sir George Simpson. For
some years he was captain of one of the boats of the line but was called into the
office to fill a position demanding executive force and keen discrimination. He-
was made manager and from that post rose to the position of president, in which
connection he continued until his demise. Under his guidance the business of the
Ottawa River Navigation Company continuously developed along substantial'
lines, and progressiveness was as manifest in the care of its patrons and the equip-
ment of its vessels as in any other line or field of business. Those who met Mr.
Shepherd found him genial, courteous and obliging, and at the same time he-
possessed the keen sagacity and clear reasoning so indispensable to the successful
conduct of any enterprise. Becoming interested in IMolson's Bank, he was elected
vice president and director, filling the former position for more than twenty years.
In all business affairs he was clear-headed, farsighted, and the record which he
left behind him for integrity and sterling worth is one which might be envied
by all.

334 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Shepherd was married to Miss Mary C. de Les Derniers of the province
of Quebec, and they became the parents of nine children: Robert \V., who died
in 1912; Miss F. A. R. ; Dr. Francis J.; Sherringham A.; A. Maude M., who is
the widow of Haldane Haswell ; Esther E., who married Dr. \V. A. Molson and is
now deceased ; Beatrice H., who married Arthur Henshaw ; Mary R., the widow
of George R. Robertson ; and de Les Derniers. The mother passed away in 1902,
having for seven years survived Mr. Shepherd, whose death occurred August 29,
1895, when he was seventy-six years of age.

Mr. Shepherd was a member and one of the founders of St. George's church
and in his Christian faith was found the root of his activities in behalf of his
fellowmen and of the principles which governed his life. He belonged to the St.
James Club and was greatly interested in art, acting as vice president of the Art
Gallery of the city. He was one of the committee of management of the Montreal
'General Hospital ; was a member of the committee of management of the Mackay
Institution, and a generous supporter of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane.
He gave freely of his means to various charitable institutions which seek to
.ameliorate the hard conditions of life for the unfortunate. Duty and honor were
his watchwords and justice one of his strong characteristics.

JUDSON ALBERT DECEW.

Judson Albert DeCew, chemical engineer, whose identification with leading
chemical societies in this country and the United States attests his higher pro-
fessional standing, was born in Waterford, Ontario, on the 14th of December,
1874. He is descended from Captain John DeCew, a United Empire
Loyalist, who served in the War of 1812 and in whose house, at DeCew Falls
near St. Catharines, Ontario, Lieutenant Fitzgibbon and his soldiers were quar-
tered, when Laura Secord gave the warning which enabled them to capture the
United States forces under Colonel Boerstler. Mr. DeCew's parents are Thomas
Howard and \'aldora (Beemer) DeCew, both of whom are living at Sault Ste.
Marie, Ontario. He was married on August 20, 1913, to Mabel Marshall, daugh-
ter of John Marshall, educationist, of Weyburn, Saskatchewan. She is a grad-
uate in arts of Queen's University with the class of 1910.

After finishing his early education at Woodstock College, he attended the
School of Practical Science of Toronto, graduating in 1896. After spending
four years in practical work he held a fellowship in the L^niversity of Toronto
in 1901 and took the degree of Bachelor of Applied Science with the class of
1902. In the same year he took a position as chemical engineer with the Canada
Paper Company, which he held until 1905. In 1906 Mr DeCew came to Mon-
treal and established himself as a consulting chemical engineer. In 1913 he
-organized the Process Engineers Company, of which he is the ])resident. He
IS the leading member of the chemical engineering profession in Canada and one
of its most eminent representatives on the American continent. He is the
inventor of a number of important chemical processes, and his name has become
widely known as the author of articles relating to the manufacture of paper,
which have appeared from time to time in technical journals. Mr. DcCew has

A

JUDSON A. DECEW

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 337

delivered lectures on the manufacture of paper and has been appointed on
advisory committees for technical researches. He has been a member of the
American Institute of Chemical Engineers since 1908 and an associate member
of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers since 1906. He is also a member
of the American Society of Testing Materials, the American Chemical Society,
the Society of Chemical Industry, and the American Wood Preservers Asso-
ciation. Mr. UeCew is a member of the Chemists Club, New York, and the
Outremont Golf Club and the University Club of Montreal.

FISCHEL SHIP.

A position of leadership is accorded Fischel Ship in Jewish circles in Montreal
because of his active and prominent identification with commercial, educational
and benevolent projects. He was for many years a very successful business
man, and as he has prospered he has given generously in support of measures
tending to the intellectual progress of his people, and generous aid to those in need
of assistance. He was born January 6, 1853, in Paranshoff, Poland, a son of
Abraham Jacob and Pearl (Leah) Ship. " The father engaged in the tailoring
business in Poland, and it was in that country that Fischel Ship pursued his
education. He was a young man of nineteen years when he crossed the Atlantic,
making his way to Montreal in 1872. He had received business training under
his father and had become thoroughly acquainted with the tailoring trade. Fol-
lowing his arrival in this city he established a merchant tailoring business and as
the years went on won a liberal patronage, bringing him a gratifying competence.
At the time that he entered trade circles of Montreal there were only five mer-
chants in his line of business in the city. Throughout the succeeding period up
to the time of his retirement he always managed to keep in the front rank among
the merchant tailors of Montreal, receiving a liberal patronage from the best class
of citizens, because of excellent style and workmanship, which were features of
his shop, and his thoroughly reliable business methods. He always carried on
business on St. Lawrence Main street, but about eleven years ago retired from
active connection with commercial interests to enjoy a well earned and well
merited rest.

Mr. Ship, however, continues his activities along other lines resulting directly
in the benefit of his fellowmen. He is chairman of the building committee, gov-
ernor, trustee, and member of the relief and cemetery committees of the Baron
De Hirsch Institute. He is a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital.
For a quarter of a century he has been a trustee of the McGill College Avenue
synagogue, was vice president of the synagogue for four years and has always
been chairman of the building committee. He is most loyal to his religious belief
and at all times has been generous and helpful toward the unfortunate.

On the loth of February, 1869, Mr. Ship was united in marriage to Miss Flora
Blumenthal, a daughter of Phillip Blumenthal, who was the first ow-ner of the
coaches in Ozerkoft, Poland. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ship have been born three chil-
dren : Leah, now the wife of C. Sisenwain ; Ray, now Mrs. S. P. Myers ; Abe
Phillip, who is engaged in the practice of medicine in Montreal and who married

338 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Leah Sessenwain, of this city. In pohtics Mr. Ship has always been a liberal, nor
has he sought office as a reward for party fealty. However, for the past six-
teen years he has been justice of the peace for the island of Montreal and has
discharged his duties with promptness, fidelity and impartiality. He is a veteran
of the Odd Fellows Association and also a member of the Royal Arcanum. He
has never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world,
for here he has found the opportunities which he sought and has gradually
worked his way upward until he has won place among the substantial and highly
respected citizens of Montreal.

RENE HEBERT, M. D.

Dr. Rene Hebert, successfully engaged in the practice of medicine in Montreal,
in which city he was born October 2, 1869, is a son of Charles P. Hebert, one of
the founders of the wholesale grocery house of Hudon, Hebert & Company. He
was educated at Plateau Academy. Montreal College and Laval University, being
graduated from the last named with the degree of M. D. in 1892. During the
succeeding year he was an interne at Notre Dame Hospital and then went abroad
for further study, spending two years in study and research work in Paris,
specializing in diseases of the heart and lungs.

In 1S95 Dr. Hebert began active practice in Montreal, openiVig an office on
St. Denis street. He is superintendent of St. Paul's Hospital, physicain to Notre
Dame Hospital, and a professor in the medical and dental departments of Laval
University. His professional connections are important, and it is recognized that
he is a thorough and discriminating student and most conscientious in the per-
formance of his professional duties.

Dr. Hebert married Miss Alice .Auger. Their religious faith is that of the
Roman Catholic church. Aside from his professional interests. Dr. Hebert is a
director of the wholesale grocery firm of Hudon, Hebert & Company. In strictly
professional lines he is connected with La Societe de Medicine and Officier
d' Academic. At all times he holds to high standards, and wide reading is con-
stantly augmenting his skill and efficiency, manifested in the successful manner
with which he copes with the intricate problems that are continually confronting
the physician.

CLEMENT ANTOINE GUERTIN.

Of old and distinguished pioneer stock of French extraction Clement Antoine
Guertin upholds the traditions of familv ])rominence as one of the most able
legal representatives of the Montrcrd and ])rovincial bar. .Mtliough he has been
in practice for not many years he enjoys a reputation second to none, as he has
proven his ability in connection with important interests. Not only is Mr.
Guertin well versed in the letter of the law and the ]irinciples that affect its

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 339

ndniinistrntion, not only is he a dcej) thinkci" and logical reasoncr, Init he has
an insight into the Cdnduct of hnnian beings which permits him to clearly define
cause and effect in human actions, and he therefore readily penetrates to the
root of such problems as demand legal help for solution. He has long been
recognized as one of the able general practitioners in the city, and his services
are in large demand, resulting in a gratifying measure of financial returns.

Clement Antoine Guertin was Ijorn at St. y\ntoine, in the county of Ver-
cheres, province of Quebec, on the 22d of November, 1870, a son of Leon Guer-
tin, an agriculturist of St. Antoine, who was born in 1817 and passed away in
1876, and Marie Louise Euchariste (Geoffrion) Guertin, a native of Varennes.
The first of the family in Canada was the famous and well known Guertin,
calletl Louis Le Sabotier, who was born in 1635, a son of Louis and Georgette
(LeDuc) Guertin, from Daumeray, near Angers, France. He married first at
Montreal on January 26, 1659, Elizabeth Le Camus, and second, Catherine Roy.
Among his children were Louis, Pierre, Paul and others. Paul Guertin, alias
Chertin, alias Diertin, was a son of Louis, born in Montreal on the 2d of May,
1680. At Contrecoeur, on the 19th of March, 1702, he married Madeleine Plouffe
and among their children were Pierre, Paul and Francois. The latter married
Catherine Dudevoir at St. Antoine in 1745 and among their children were Pierre,
Joseph, Francois and others. Joseph, born March 6, 1755, married Marie Louise
Circe, called St. Michel, at St. Antoine in 1777 and among their children was
Pierre, born October 9, 1781. He married Marguerite Duhamel, who bore her
husband the following children : Pierre, Noel, Leon, Marguerite, Flavien,
Alexis, Calixte, Zoe and Louis. Leon Guertin, third son of Pierre, was born
March 12, 1817. His first union was with Theotis Brodeur, who bore him the
following children : Octavie, Pauline, Leopold, Stanislas and Melanie. His
second wife was Marie Louise Euchariste Geoffrion and the children of this
marriage were Joseph, Louis, Marie Louise and Clement Antoine. Leon Guer-
tin. the father of our subject, is the sixth in direct descent from Louis Guertin,
Le Sabotier. Pierre Guertin, the grandfather of our subject, and his sons,
Pierre, Noel and Leon, took part in the battle of St. Denis, November 22, 1837.
Louis Guertin, a brother of our subject, is father of the Holy Cross Congrega-
tion, a director of Memramcook University of New Brunswick, and took in
Rome in philosophy and theology the degree of Doctor cum maxima laude,
also taking scientific -work at Harvard. A brother of the mother of our subject,
Father L. Geoffrion, of the Holy Cross Congregation, was for fifteen years
director of St. Laurent College, near Montreal.

Clement Antoine Guertin received a thorough and varied education. He
attended the St. Antoine village school, the St. Denis Commercial College and
also took courses in commercial English, French and classical studies at St.
Laurent. He received the degree of B. L. in 1893 from the law faculty of
Laval University, in 1896 became LL. B. and in January, 1897, was made an
advocate. He has ever since followed his profession successfully in Montreal
and as his experience' has expanded has become one of the few successful lawyers
whose reputation marks them for distinction.

On the 24th of April, 1901, at Montreal, Mr. Guertin was married to Miss
Marie Anne Josephine Lamontagne, a daughter of G. A. Lamontagne, a merchant
tailor of Montreal and Malvina (Beauchamp) Lamontagne. They had one daugh-

340 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ter, Simonne, born April i6, 1902, who died July 2d of the same year. The
mother passed away on June 26, 1912.

From September, 1910, to May, 1912, Mr. Guertin was a member of the
Montreal council of the bar and from May, 191 1, to May, 1912, a member of
the provincial council. His club relations are with the St. Denis, Delorimier
and the Union du Commerce of Montreal. His faith is that of the Roman
Catholic church. He has secured one of the most exclusive and representative
practices in Montreal, his success being the best evidence of his capability. His
pleas are always characterized by terse logic and lucid presentation, and he
always has a decisive conviction as to the rights of the question he represents.
It is his ambition to make his native talents subserve the demands of the social
and business conditions of the day, and he stands today as a splendid represen-
tative of a lawyer to whom personal prosperity is but secondary in importance
and who considers many ideal elements more vital in the making up of human
existence. His industry and energy have found a reward which is based on a
distinguished name and accomplishments rather than incidental prosperity.

WILLIAM SUTHERLAND MAXWELL.

William Sutherland Alaxwell, an architect of Montreal, whose high profes-
sional standing is indicated by the large number of fine structures which stand
as monuments to his skill and ability, brought to bear at the outset of his
professional career the broad knowledge gained from comprehensive and thorough
training. Montreal numbers him among her native sons, his birth having here
occurred on the 14th of November, 1874, his parents being E. J. and Johanna
(MacBeanj Maxwell, ia the acquirement of his education William Sutherland
Maxwell, after attending the Montreal high school, went to Boston, ^Nlassa-
chusetts, for professional training and afterward entered the Ecole des Beaux
Arts of Paris, France. His training was thus received from men eminent in the
profession in America and in Europe, and in 1898 he was admitted to the
Quebec Architects Association. Beginning the practice of his profession he
formed, a partnership with his brother, Edward Maxwell, and in his chosen life
work lie has made steady, advancement, his unfolding powers and increasing
ability gaining for him distinction and sucoess. In 1909 he was elected a member
of the Royal Canadian Academy and in 1908 was chosen a councillor of the
Association of Architects of the province of Quebec. He is i)resident of the
Province of Quebec Association of .A^rchitects for 1914. While practicing his
profession in association with his brother there stand as monuments to their
skill and ability many fine structures not only in the east but also in the west.
Among the works executed by them are the Hotel Alexandra at Winnipeg, for
the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, the Canadian Pacific Railway station
at Winnipeg, the residence of C. R. Hosmer, the .Mexandra Hospital for Infec-
tious Diseases, the Nurses Home for the Royal X'ictorian Hospital, the monu-
ment to Lord Strathcona and South .African soldiers nf which (ieorge W. Hill
was the sculptor, the monument to the Hon. John Voting, of which Philip
Hebert was the sculjjtor, the bank buildings for the Bank of Montreal, Molson's

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

Wr^^M

■^^.^j^^H

WILT.IAJI S. 5IAXWF.LL

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 343

Bank, ihe Royal Bank antl the Iniiklings of the Montreal General Hospital. They
were also the architects of the Government llonse in Regina, Saskatchewan, the
Calgary Hotel for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, at Calgary, and the
Montreal Art Association's new building in Montreal. Xo more definite indica-
tion of Mr. Maxwell's high professional standing can he given than the list of
these buildings which have become tangible factors in the iiniirovcment of various
cities.

In May, 1902, occurred the marriage of Mr. Maxwell and Miss Mary Ellis
Bolles, of New York, who is well known in connection with charitable and i)hil-
anthropic work, being now a councillor of the Children's Aid Society. He is a
member of the St. James Club, the Arts Club, the Ten and Pencil Club ruid the
Kanawaki Golf Club. The family residence is at Xo. 716 Pine avenue, MoiUreal.
Mr. Maxwell has concentrated his energies upon his profession, and he has
every reason to be proud of the fact that he has been elected to membership in
the Ecole des Beaux Arts Society of Paris. He was president of tlie Arts Club
of Montreal for 1913 and is so serving for 1914.

HENRI ■ ROY.

With intense activity well directed, with untiring energy, business ability,
resourcefulness and controlled ambition, Henri Roy has reached a position of
iinportance in the affairs of La Societe des Artisans Canadiens-Franqais, of which
he has been secretary and treasurer since 1892.

His influence has affected the policies and the direction of developments of
this great fraternal insurance company of Montreal, and the years of his connec-
tion with it have proven mutually useful and beneficial.

Mr. Roy was born September 11, 1864, in St. Alexandre, near St. Jean.
Quebec, and acquired his education in the public schools and in St. Cesaire Com-
mercial College, fitting himself in the latter institution for the business career
which he had determined upon.

When he left his native city he went to Quebec where for some years he was
connected with a wholesale firm. In 1888 he came to Montreal and until 1899
was associated with the wholesale house of Hodgson, Sumner & Company.

Upon coming to Montreal in 1888, Mr. Roy began his connection with La
Societe des Canadiens-Frangais as an accountant, employing his evenings in this
capacity. Advancement came rapidly, for Mr. Roy proved himself a farsighted,
resourceful and discriminating business man who could be relied upon to carry
forward to successful completion whatever he undertook. In 1892 he was elected
secretary and treasurer of the society, positions which he has filled with ability
and distinction since that time. The work has made continued demands upon
his tact, his versatility, his administrative ability, and these demands have been
met fully and completely, Mr. Roy being today one of the most prominent and
widely known officials of the company he represents.

In 18S8 when he became associated with the society it had accumulated funds
of ten thousand seven hundred thirty-one dollars and ten cents, and a membership
of one thousand three himdred thirty-two, limited to the island of Montreal ;

344 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

today (1914) its accumulated funds are two million three hundred thirty-seven
thousand three hundred eighty-two dollars and seventy-two cents, its member-
ship numbers thirty-nine thousand ninety-four and its field of action covers all
American territory where there are French-Canadians.

May 6, 1896, Mr. Roy married Miss Celina Canty of Bathurst, New Bruns-
wick, and to them have come a family of eleven children, seven of whom are
living, Berthe, Pierre, Olive, Jeanne, Celina, Louis and \'ictoria.

Mr. Roy is well and favorably known in -Montreal, where for more than a
quarter of a century he has made his home. His success and the standards by
which it has been obtained have gained for him the respect of his business asso-
ciates, and his sterling qualities of character the esteem and good-will of many
friends.

LUDGER GRAVEL.

Ludger Gravel is well known in business circles of Montreal as a dealer in
carriage maker's and blacksmith's supplies, as president of Societe des Artisans
Canadiens-Francais and also as a successful manufacturer's agent, connected in
this way with some of the most important industrial concerns in Canada, the
Lnited States and Europe. The industry and the spirit of enterprise, progress
and initiative which have brought him success have also been factors in his
conduct of his extensive interests and place him today among the men of marked
ability and substantial worth in this community.

Mr. Gravel was born in 1864. at St. Raphael, He Bizard, Canada, and
acquired his education in Montreal, beginning his business career immediately
after laying aside his books. He was for eight months with Thomas Wilson
& Company of this city and at the end of that time became connected with
P. P. Mailloux at 223 St. Paul street, with whom he remained over twenty
years, rising during that time to a position of weight and responsibility and
proving himself a farsighted, capable and progressive business man. Having
shown his worth and his capability, Mr. Gravel eventually engaged in business
for himself, establishing the extensive business which he now conducts. Under
his able management this has become a large and important enterprise and it is
still growing, for Mr. Gravel is constantly extending the field of his activity
and forming new commercial relations. In addition to his retail business he
is also acting as exclusive agent in Montreal for a number of manufacturing
firms in Canada, the United States and Europe, and his inip(5rtant connections
along this line are conclusive proof of his jjrominence and high standing in
business circles. Among the firms which he represents may be mentioned
the following: Ontario Asphalt Block Company. Ltd., Walkerville, Ontario;
The Standard Paint & Varnish Works, Ltd., Windsor, Ontario ; The Frank
Miller Company, New York, New York ; Windsor Turned Goods Company,
Ltd., Windsor, Ontario; The Conboy Carriage Company, Ltd.. Toronto, On-
tario; The Neverslij) Manufacturing Comi)any, New Brunswick, New Jersey;
Sem. Lacaille, Nomininguc, Quebec ; Meilink's Home Deposit Vaults, Toledo.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 345

Ohio; i'roprietairc dc I'lluile Balmoral; James Boyd & Brothers, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania ; and Jacob Maas & Company, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Mr. Gravel became connected with Societe des Artisans Canadiens-I'rancjais
in 1903 when he was elected a director, and his ability and executive skill soon com-
manded for him a place of power in this organization. He was made second
vice president in 1904 and first vice president in 1906 and in 1910 was elected
president, a position which he has held since that time. The demands which it
has made upon his energy, his enterprise and his executive ability have been
completely met, and the fortunes of the society under his hands have been
constantly prosperous. He has been a member of the Chamber of Commerce
since its organization and at present is one of its directors. His membership in
mutual, charitable, antiquarian, social, political and sporting clubs is extensive
and in a number of them he holds official position. However his business never
suffers from these connections and his time and attention are so distributed that
he proves a valuable member in all of the organizations.

On May 26, 1891, in Montreal Mr. Gravel was married to Laura Roy, the
daughter of Alfred Roy. Of the fourteen children born to Mr. and Mrs. Gravel,
six are now living as follows, Olympe, L. Pierre, Germaine, Emelia, Lucette
and Simone.

With the extension of his interests Mr. Gravel's powers have continually
developed, his insight has deepened, his view broadened and with the passing
years he has become a man of power and prominence, finding in the field of
business the best scope for his interests and activities. He is a devout member
of the Roman Catholic church and his upright life which has been guided by its
principles, has brought him prominence, substantial fortune and the respect and
esteem of many friends.

SEVERIN LETOURNEAU, K. C.

Severin Letourneau, who has advanced beyond the ranks of the many and
stands among the able and successful few in the practice of law and in liberal
leadership, is a native of St. Constant, born on the 23d of May, 1871. His
preliminary education acquired in the Jacques Cartier Normal school, was sup-
plemented by a course in Laval University, in which he completed his law
studies and was graduated with the class of 1895. In July following he was
called to the bar and at once entered upon active practice of his profession in
which he has made continuous progress. Advancement at the bar is proverbially
slow and yet, no dreary novitiate awaited Mr. Letourneau, who, during the
eighteen years of his practice has won a high reputation by reason of his
broad legal knowledge and the skill and ability in which he handles his cases,
mastering the points in evidence with the precision of a military commander
who marshals his troops on the field of battle. In 1906 he was appointed king's
counsel. He is today practicing as a member of the firm of Pelletier, Letour-
neau & Beaulieu, advocates, with a clientage that is extensive and important.

Mr. Letourneau is prominently known as one of the leaders of the liberal
party and as the liberal organizer for the district of Montreal has justified his

346 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

appointment by the series of brilliant successes that have been scored for the
liberal party in and around the city. He has rendered to his party service as
a tactician and he is now sitting for Hochelaga in the provincial legislature,
stanchly supporting Sir Lomer Gouin in his policy of progressive legislation. Mr
Letourneau is also a member of the Montreal Reform Club. He is a man
of unfaltering determination, carrying forward to successful completion what-
ever he undertakes, whether in the field of law or politics. He stands stanchly
for the right as he sees it, and his position is never an equivocal one.

CHARLES HAVILAND ROUTH.

Charles Haviland Routh, insurance broker, occupying a position among the
foremost representatives of insurance interests in the Dominion, has in this direc-
tion, followed in the footsteps of his father, the late John H. Routh, who was for
a quarter century agent at Montreal for the Western Assurance Company. Hav-
iland L. Routh, grandfather of Charles H. Routh, was also prominent in insurance
circles, being Canadian manager for the Royal Insurance Company. Charles H.
Routh was born and educated in this city and throughout the period of his identi-
fication with business interests has been connected with the insurance profession.
He is lacking in none of the qualities requisite for advancement and success in his
chosen calling, which has brought him a wide business acquaintance. He is,
however, perhaps, more widely known as a yachtsman, having for some years
been commodore of the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club, of which he became a
charter member in 1891. Several times has he successfully defended the Sea-
wauhaka Cup and there are those who feel they know Mr. Routh at his best when
he is acting in that capacity, because of his resourcefulness and the joy he feels
in the sport. The Toronto Telegram wrote of him ; "He has been pitted against
the best skippers and the best boats that the United States can produce, but has
remained the same level-headed sailorman in all his contests." Aside from his
connections with the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club, he belongs to the Montreal
Club and the Montreal Curling Club. He is enthusiastic in his sports and equally
so in anything that he undertakes, his energy and interest carrying him forward
to the point of success whether it l)e along the line of business'- or of pleasure.

JOSEPH LEON ST. JACQUES.

In no profession does advancement depend more surely upon individual merit
than in the practice of law. Comprehensive knowledge of legal principles must
constitute the foundation for success which can only be won at the cost of
earnest, persistent effort and study. Recognizing this fact, Joseph Leon St.
Jacques has closely api^lied himself to the mastery of the principles of juris-
prudence and to the preparation of his cases, with a result that he now has an
extensive and representative clientele. He practices in Montreal and has spent
his entire life in the province of Quebec, his birth linving occurred at .St. Hernias,

.l()M-;i'H L. ST. .lACgUJvS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 349

in tlie county of Two Alouiitains, July 13, 1877, 'I's parents Ijcing Joseph and
Cazilde (Lafond) St. Jacques, the former a farmer of St. llermas. The grand-
father, F. X. St. Jacques, was born at St. Augustin, in the county of Two
Mountains and resided for many years in Ottawa, but is now deceased. The
great-grandfather was Captain Eustache Cheval dit St. Jacques of St. Augustin,
who in 1837 remained loyal to the crown and in 1838 was presented a sword in
token of the recognition of his loyalty by Her Majesty, Queen N'ictoria. The
ancestors of the family have the name of Cheval as well as St. Jacques.

In the acquirement of his education Joseph Leon St. Jacques attended the
Jacques Cartier Normal school from which he was graduated with the class of
1897, obtaining the academic diploma. He later entered Laval University in
which he completed his course in 1901, winning the degrees of LL. L. and LL. M.
The same year he was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice. ' In the
meantime, however, after leaving the normal school, he had devoted some time
to teaching. lie began practice at Lachute, where he had a few criminal cases,
including the trial of Robert Day, a murder case. After six years of practice
in the country district he came to Montreal and entered into partnership with
Mr. Gustave Lamothe, K. C. The firm of Lamothe, St. Jacques & Lamothe
has an extensive clientele, especially among religious interests and municipal
corporations. He is also a director of some financial enterprises.

On the 19th of May, 1906, at St. Hernias, Mr. St. Jacques was married to
Miss Albertine Lafond, a daughter of Mathias Lafond, a merchant and prominent
citizen of his municipality. There are four children in the St. Jacques family;
Jacques, Jules, Gustave and Alberte. The religious faith of the family is that
of the Catholic church. In politics Mr. St. Jacques is a conservative and has taken
an active part in the political campaigns of Argenteuil and Two Mountains,
being a recognized leader in conservative ranks. He has ever preferred, how-
ever, to concentrate his energies and efforts upon his law practice, which is now
extensive and important, placing him with the leading representatives of the
Montreal bar.

GEORGE HASTINGS.

George Hastings, who was born at Petite Cote, Quebec, in 1817, died in
July, 1865. His father was Thomas Hastings, who came from Lexington,
Massachusetts, to Petite Cote, where he bought land and settled some time
before the birth of Mr. Hastings. In this connection it is interesting to men-
tion that Petite Cote is now divided into Fairmount and Rosemount and is a
part of the city of Montreal. The land is now mostly divided into building
lots that command good prices.

Thomas Hastings, father of George Hastings, had married Cynthia Baker,
of Burlington, Vermont, and they lived for many years in their home at Petite
Cote, where their five children, three sons and two daughters, were born and
brought up. The sons' names were: George; Thomas, who is mentioned else-
where in this work ; and Horatio, the youngest, who died unmarried in 1899.
The daughters were Mrs. Clark Fitts and Mrs. Ryan.

350 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

George Hastings, of this record, married in 1847 Margaret Ogilvie, a sister
of A. W., John and W. W. Ogilvie, whose careers are mentioned at greater
length in another part of this history. Mr. and Mrs. George Hastings spent
their entire married life in their home on a farm at Petite Cote. There their
ten children received the training of their early lives. Of these children six
were sons and four were daughters. Thomas, the eldest, married Jane Kydd,
formerly the widow of William Nesbitt. They reside at Rosemount boulevard
and have no children. William, the next son, with George, the third son, after
considerable business experience established The Lake of the Woods Milling
Company. The former married, in 1884, Georgina Ure, of Montreal. He
died in 1903, leaving his widow and two sons, who live in this city. George
managed the western branch of the business, from which he resigned in October,
1913. He married in 1886, Margaret Anderson, of Ayr, Ontario. They live
in Winnipeg and have a family of two sons and two daughters. Robert, the
fourth son, is with The Lake of the Woods Milling Company and lives also in
the west, making his present home in Qu' Appelle. He is unmarried. Alex-
ander, the fifth son, was also connected with The Lake of the Woods Milling
Company. He died in St. John, New Brunswick, where he had charge for
several years of the local branch of the company. He married, in 1898, Maud
Anderson, of Montreal, and his widow is living. Their only child died when
one month of age. John Clark, the youngest son, died un.married in 1883. Helen
Watson and Cynthia Baker, the two elder daughters, died in 1912, the latter in
January and the former in May of that year. The third daughter, Frances,
married Francis Jordan, of Goderich, Ontario, in 1885. Mr.- Jordan died in
1907, but his widow, son and daughter are living. Maria, the fourth and
)'0ungest daughter of the family, is living and unmarried. The family have
always been connected with the American Presbyterian church. The Hastings
are well known among the old residents of Montreal, for it is almost a century
since Thomas Hastings settled upon the farm which now is a portion of the
metropolis.

JAMES ALFRED DALE.

In educational circles the name of Professor James .\lfred Dale is well known.
His ability has gained him prominence and his position as a leader among the
educationists of the country is indicated in the fact that he was honored with
election to the position of treasurer of the Dominion Educational Association.
Since November, 1907, he has held the Macdonald professorship of education
in McGill University. A native of Birmingham, England, he was born in 1874,
the eldest son of J. A. Dale. He attended King Edward \'I School at Camp
Hill, and afterward entered the Mason University College, now the University
of Birmingham, and sul:)se(|uently liecame classical exhiliitioner in Merton Col-
lege at O.xford, which conferred upon him the Master of yVrts degree.

James Alfred Dale has remained continuously in the educational licld, being
lecturer on literature and education in connection with the Oxford Ivxtcnsion
Delegacy from 1902 until 1908, and also to the universities of Liverpool and Man-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 351

Chester. In 1902-3 he was tutor in the Borough Road Training College, and in
November, 1907, was called to the Macdonald professorship of education in
McGill University. The steps in his orderly progression are thus easily discernible
and he stands today among the eminent educationists of the Dominion, his ability
being acknowledged by colleagues and contemporaries. He has the power of
imparting clearly, concisely and readily to others the knowledge that he has
ac(iuired, and on the lecture platform he is a most interesting and entertaining as
well as instructive speaker. He was a delegate to the convention of the Dominion
Educational Association of Victoria, British Columbia, in 1909. He has served as
treasurer of the association and was secretary of the convention held at Ottawa
in July, 1913. In May, 191 1, he was appointed a member of the council of public
instruction for the province of Quebec, and he has come to be a member of most
of the committees on Protestant education in the province. Soon after coming
out, he was elected president of the Protestant Teachers Association of the prov-
ince of Quebec and on relinquishing office in 1912 was elected first vice president.
His studious habits have made him a man of scholarly attainments, and he is
continually seeking out new methods that will render his service as an education-
ist more effective. His ideas have received the indorsement of prominent con-
temporaries in this field of labor and have been adopted to the benefit of various
institutions of learning. He agrees with Kant that " the object of education is to
train each individual to reach the highest perfection possible for him" and that
spirit has been manifest throughout his professional career. He has endeavored in
his teaching to develoji capacity and to impart knowledge which shall prove of
practical benefit and value throughout life. He was instrumental in founding the
University Settlement of Montreal in 1910 and has been its president since that
time. This was the first settlement in the city, and its success is to be measured
not by itself but by the influence it has exerted in the general movement toward
social reform. He has taken a prominent part in movements for adult educa-
tion and was one of the first members of the committee of the Workers' Edu-
cational Association, which has succeeded in grouping together over twenty-five
liundred trade unions, cooperative societies, etc., and educational bodies in Eng-
land. At the present time every university in the country is undertaking work-
ing-class education under the auspices of the association. At the formation of
the City Improvement League he was apjjointcd its first honorary secretary but
was compelled by pressure of work to relint|uish the active duties of office. He
edited the proceedings of the convention of the League in 1910. As literary cor-
respondent of the Canadian Club he is editing its proceedings for the third year.
In 1904 Professor Dale was married to Miss Margaret Butler, a daughter of
J. Holden Butler, of Birmingham, and they reside at No. 771 University street.
in Montreal. Not only as an instructor in the classroom and as an enthusiastic
advocate of extending educational facilities to all is Professor Dale well known.
His contriljutions to the literature of the profession have made his name a
familiar one not only in this country but throughout the American continent and
in Great Britain. He is the author of many articles which have appeared in
various publications and which have treated of literary as well as educational
subjects, and he has published in Germany a volume entitled History of English
Literature. His name was suggested in various quarters when British Columbia
was looking for a president for its new university. A modern philosopher has

352 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

said : "Not the good that comes to us hut the good that comes to the world through
us is the measure of our success," and judged by this standard the Hfe of Professor
Dale is a most successful one.

GEORGE HUGH ALEXANDER MONTGOMERY, B. C. L., K. C.

George Hugh Alexander Montgomery is one of the most successful members
of the Montreal bar, of which he is an ex-councillor. He has successfully pleaded
cases in all the courts of Canada and before the privy council and has for some
years occupied an enviable place at the bar of this city. He was born at Philips-
burg, P. O., February 5, 1874, a son of the Rev. Hugh and E. M. (Slack)
Montgomery. The family being one appreciative of the benefits and value of
education, liberal opportunities in that direction were afforded him, and after
attending Bishop's College School at Lennoxville, P. Q., he entered the Uni-
versity of Bishop's College, where he pursued a classical course and won the
Bachelor of Arts degree in 1893. Four years later he was graduated with the
B. C. L. degree from McGill University, having thus thoroughly qualified for
the active practice of law, which he had determined to make his life work.
He became an advocate in 1898 and since that time has successfully followed
his profession in Montreal, his clientage being one of growing importance and
volume. Since May, 1905, he has been solicitor for the Montreal Light, Heat
& Power Company, and has had many other important professional connec-
tions. In 1909 he was created king's counsel. His work in the courts has shown
him to be largely a master of the principles of jurisprudence and also possessed
of the power to present his cause clearly, cogently and logically. His ability
as an advocate is acknowledged by contemporaries and colleagues.

Mr. Montgomery is the owner of Lakeside Stock Farm at Philipshurg,
Quebec, the home of some of the finest Ayrshire cattle and Clydesdale horses
in the Dominion. Modern in its improvements, with fine natural advantages,
this farm contains two hundred and fifty acres of the finest arable soil, for which
most of the eastern township farms are noted, as well as ample additional acreage
to meet the requirements of a successful stock farm.

Mr. Montgomery has for more than twenty years been extensively interested
in farming operations, and from time to time has added to his holdings, in the
eastern townships, which now comprise more than seven hundred acres. It was
more than ten years ago that he started in to breed the best in pure-bred Ayrshire
cattle, and while finding all the recreation and entertainment sought by a gentle-
man farmer, the project has been conducted on a business as well as a scientific
basis with gratifying results. Stock from Lakeside Stock Farm have success-
fully contested in the show ring with the best herds in Canada. Equally as
high class are the Clydesdale horses owned and bred at this farm.

In 1913 Mr. Montgomery completed his beautiful country residence on
Missisquoi Bay near Phili])sl)urg. Modern in its appointments, the structure
is of field stone up to the ground floor, abov6 which it is of Elizabethan style,
and from its site overlooking Lake Champlain, comprises one of the most attrac-
tive homes in that section.

CiF.OKlJE H. A. MOXTtJO.MKUV

IIISI-ORY OF MONTREAL 355

111 June, 1909, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Montgomery and Miss
Gwendoline Baptist, a daughter of the late John Baptist, of Three Rivers, P. Q.
Mr. and Mrs. Montgomery have one son. In religious faith Mr. and Mrs. Mont-
gomery are Anglicans, while socially they are well known in the best circles of
the city. Mr. Montgomery has membership relations with the Mount Royal,
University, St. James, Montreal and Montreal Jockey Clubs, as well as the
Quebec Garrison Club. His profession is constantly making greater demands
upon his time and energies, yet he finds opportunities for other obligations
and duties and for the pleasures of life, thus maintaining a well balanced
character.

JOSEPH PHILLIPE BEAUDRY.

An excellent example of the aggressive type of a business man, and one well
known in real-estate circles of Montreal, is Joseph P. Beaudry, manager of the
Beaudry Realty Company, No. 402, McGill building.

Mr. Beaudry conies from one of the oldest families in the Dominion, dating
back to 1629, and the numerous branches of it probably could be traced back to
show relationship, where, in many cases at this time, no family connection is
supposed to exist.

Joseph P. Beaudry was born in Ottawa, Ontario, a son of Joseph and .Alphon-
sine (-Valiquette) Beaudry. The father, a wood manufacturer, was born at Three
Rivers, while the mother was a native of Quebec.

Reared in his native town, Mr. Beaudry after attending school there, com-
pleted his educational training by taking a commercial course. Taking up the
printing business, he began at the bottom and was gradually advanced from one
capacity to another of greater importance, successfully filling the positions of
foreman, superintendent, manager and traveling re])resentative for some of the
largest jjrinting houses in Montreal. While he had become well known in this
line of business and enjoyed a high standing among those connected with it,
Mr. Beaudry concluded that the real-estate business afiforded better opportunities,
and in 1909 he decided to enter it. The wisdom of his judgment in this move
has been fully shown in the success that has come to him. He has formed a
number of successful real-estate companies and has come to be known as a
shrewd judge of realty values.

The Beaudry Realty Company, of which he is manager, is generally known
to carry the largest list of city lots and property among the French real-estate
firms in the city. This firm's extensive clientele is not confined to Montreal, but
branches out into a great many towns throughout the province of Quebec.

Mr. Beaudry is a director of seven different real-estate companies, all limited
concerns and formed by him. He is a member of the Canadian Club, also the
Automobile Club, belongs as well to the Sixty-fifth Regiment and holds mem-
bership in the Commercial Travellers Association. In political matters his in-
terest is that of a business man, and he votes with the conservative partv. while

in his religious connection he is a Roman Catholic.
Vol. m— 16

356 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

On ^lay 25, 1897, he was married to Alexina Senecal, a daughter of Adolphe
and CordeHa (Colletts) Senecal. Mr. Ueaudry's children are Alexina, Gabrielle,
Guillaume, Jean-Rene and Raoul.

He has earned for himself a reputation as a careful man of business, and
in his dealing is known for his prompt and honorable methods which have
brought him success.

RE\'. JOHN E. DONNELLY.

Rev. John E. Donnelly, who since 1891 has been rector of St. Anthony's
parish, Montreal, one of the largest Irish Catholic congregations in the city, was
born in this city, February 22. 1861, a son of the late Charles and ]\Iargaret
(McAfee) Donnelly. He acquired his education in the local grammar schools
and later entered Ste. Therese College, from which he was graduated with the
degree of B. A. in the class of 1880. He afterward attended the Grand Sem-
inary, where he received his theological training, graduating with the class of
1883. He w^as ordained in the following year and after spending three years
as private secretary to Archbishop Fabre became connected with St. Anthony's
church as curate. He was made parish priest in i8gi and he has since had
s]jiritual jurisdiction over the twelve thousand families which go to make up
this large Irish Catholic parish in Montreal. St. Anthony's church was founded
in April, 18S4, and the first rector was Joseph L^. Leclerc. The present church
building was erected in i88g and the parish house in igoi. The church property
is ably administered. Father Donnelly proving himself a capable, farsighted and
energetic business man as well as a zealous, sincere and untiring servant of God.

Father Donnelly is aii. honorary member of the Shamrock Lacrosse Club and
a great patron of athletics, and is familiarly and lovingly known as "Father
John" among the people to whom his singleness of purpose, his high-mindedness
and his constant geniality have so greatly endeared him. The Montreal Herald
calls him "A skilled musician, a good preacher and a man justly considered a
leader among the Irish Catholic clergy in the city."

\\ ILLIAM STIVEN PATERSON.

The storv of the life of William. Stiven Paterson is the story of honest in-
dustry and thrift. It is the record of a strong individuality, sure of itself, stable
in purpose, quick in ]ierception, swift in decision, energetic and persistent in
action. A native of Dundee, Scotland, born Ai)ril [6, 1841, Mr. Paterson was
but one year old when brought to this country by his father, James Paterson,
who lived in Upper Canada and there engaged on the river Hunibcr, in the man-
ufacture of blankets. He afterward removed to near Meaford, Ontario, where
he engaged in farming, and there he died.

The puljlic-school system of Canada afforded William S. Paterson his edu-
cational opportunities. After leaving home he spent one year in the oil fields

HISTORY OF MONTRILAL 357

o( l'enns\l\'aiiia, and llic-n cann," to Montreal and eventually with ihe late J. T.
Wilson fornieti the lirni of Wilson, Paterson & Company of wliich he remained
an active member until his death. The business develo])ed as the years passed,
owing to the progressive methods instituted in its conduct, and prosperity at-
tended the labors of the i)artners.

Ill Montreal, in 1875, occurred the marriage of William S. Paterson, and
Miss Electa C Childs. daughter of Charles Childs. who came from Massachus-
etts in 185 1 and engaged in the retail shoe business in Montreal. He liecame
the pioneer in the manufacture of shoe lasts in this city and built up an exten-
sive trade, in which he continued until his death in January, 1888. Mr. and Mrs.
Paterson had a family of five children: Kate Elizabeth, who became the wife of
R. B. Ross, Jr., secretary of the Mount Royal Milling Company, by whom she
has three children; Dr. Robert C. Paterson, who is married and has two children;
Charles S., a missionary in Calcutta, India ; Arthur L., of The Wilson-Pater-
son Company, and who has two children; and E. Russell, secretary of the Boy
Scouts.

Mr. Paterson was interested in outdoor sports, especially in fishing, and was
a member of the Little Cascapedia Fishing Club and as a devotee of golf, a
member of Westmount Golf Club. He belonged to the .American Presbyterian
church, in which he served as a trustee and elder, and his life was actuated by
high and honorable principles. His record measured up to exalted standards of
manhood and citizenship and when death called him on the 2d of June, 1907,
he left behind him not only an excellent competence but an honored name. He
never allowed personal interests or ambition to dwarf his public spirit or his
activities, and he was prominent as a man whose constantly expanding powers
took him from humble surroundings to fields of large enterprise and continually
broadening opportunities.

RE\'. GEORGE DALY, C. SS. R.

Rev. George Daly, who since 19 12 has been rector of St. Anne's parish in
Montreal, discharging his manifold duties in this connection in a way which
reflects credit upon his religious zeal and his administrative ability alike, is a
native son of the city, born September 5, 1872, his parents being W'illiam and
Josephine (Morin) Daly. The father was born on the isle of Malta, where the
grandfather, a native of County Cavan, Ireland, was an officer in the British
army. William Daly came to Canada with the Forty-seventh Regiment Band -in
1861 and was afterward in the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway Company
for one year, resigning in order to accept the position of manager of the Point
St. Charles branch of the City & District Savings Bank, a position which he
held continuously for thirty-seven years, retiring from active life in 1909. He
died May 19, 1913, and is survived by his wife. They were for many years
members of St. Gabriel's Catholic church. The following children were born
to their union : William, who is a member of the firm of Daly & Morin, manu-
facturers in Montreal ; George, of this review ; Louisa, the wife of D. J. Byrne,
of Leonard Brothers, wholesale fish dealers of this city ; Elizabeth, a nun at

358 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Hotel Dieu, Montreal ; Aileen, who resides with her mother ; and Mary, Joseph,
Alphonsus and Walter, all of whom have passed away.

Rev. George Daly acquired his education in the parochial schools of Montreal,
which he attended until he was twelve years of age. He then entered Montreal
College and in 1888 became a student at St. Trond, Belgium, where he remained
five years. At the end of that time he went to Beau Plateau, in Belgium, study-
ing seven years there, returning to Quebec at the end of that time and becoming
a director in the Preparatory College at Ste. Anne de Beaupre, a position which
he retained for twelve years. In igoo, previous to his return to Canada, he was
ordained to the Catholic priesthood in Belgium and on the 2d of August, 191 2,
was. made parish priest at St. Anne's in iVIontreal. Here he has done excellent
work during the two years of his incumbency, for he is a man of abiding faith,
energy and religious zeal and, moreover, possesses unusual administrative and
executive ability. He is a man of scholarly attainments, most earnest and con-
secrated in his work and is ever watchful over the interests of his people, whose
love he holds in large measure, while he enjoys the respect of people of all
denominations.

EDMOND BROSSARD.

One of the most able and deservedly successful barristers in Montreal at the
present time is Edmond Brossard, practicing at the bar in partnership with
Hon. P. E. Le Blanc, K. C, and connected through his important clientage
with a great deal of notable litigation. He is numbered among Montreal's native
sons, his birth having occurred in this city on the 19th of December, 1873. His
parents were Telesphore B. and Evelina (Turgeon) Brossard, the former for
many years Dominion appraiser of His Majesty's customs in this city. The
family is of old French origin and of long Canadian establishment, having been
founded in the Dominion by the ancestor who came to Canada with Maisonneuve
in 1642.

In the acquirement of an education Edmond Brossard attended St. Mary's
Jesuit College and was afterward a student in Laval LIniversity, where even at
that time he showed promise of the distinction to which he has since attained.
He was graduated B. A. in 1894, taking the governor general's medal, and he
received the degree of LL.L. with first rank honors in 1897. I" the following
year he was called to the bar as advocate and since that time has practiced his
profession in Montreal. He was made a councillor in 1909 and a member of
the general council in the same year, and his standing is high in legal circles of
the city. He has formed a partnership with Hon. P. E. Le Blanc, K. C, and
is in control of a large and important clientage, his success and prominence
having increased yearly as his ability has become more widely known. Mr.
Brossard has successfully conducted a number of hotly contested legal cases for
he possesses clear and incisive qualities of mind, a power of close reasoning and
clear deduction as well as the personality and force necessary to make knowledge
effective in any line. His ability has carried him into important relations with
the legal life of the city, his standing in professional circles being evidenced by

KDMdXI) UROSSARD

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 361

the fact tliat in 1900 he was made secretary of the Montreal bar and in 1908
was elected president of the Junior Bar Association.

In October, 1900, Mr. lirossard was united in marriage to Mile. Alice de
Lorimer and they are well known in social circles of the city. Mr. Erossard is a
man of considerable literary attainments, possessed of a clear, lucid and forceful
style in writing and the ability to present his ideas in a concise and able way. He
is an occasional contributor to the press and to law reviews, and his name is a
synonym for efficiency and comprehensive knowledge in everything relating to the
legal profession. He is one of Montreal's prtjniinent, able and successful barristers
and in a profession where advancement depends almost entirely upon individual
merit and ability he has risen steadily, holding today a place of prominence and
possessing in his native talents and developed powers the guarantee of still greater
attainment in the future.

AIME GEOFFRION, K. C.

Aime Geoff rion, treasurer of the council of the bar and one of those at
the head of the French section of the Montreal bar, as well as holding one of
the civil law professorships at McGill, occupies a distinguished professional
position. He was born in Montreal, November 13, 1872. Fortunate is the man
who has back of him an ancestry honorable and distinguished, and happy is he
if his lines of life are cast in harmony therewith. In person, in talents and in
character Aime Geoffrion is a worthy scion of his race. His father was the
late Hon. C. A. Geoffrion one of the leading members of the bar, minister
without portfolio in the Laurier government, and his mother was Eulalie G.
Dorion, the eldest daughter of the late Chief Justice Sir A. A. Dorion. In the
acquirement of his education Aime Geoft'rion attended successively St. John's
school, St. Mary's (Jesuit) College and McGill University. Having determined
to enter upon the practice of law, he prepared for the profession at McGill and
was graduated B. C. L. in 1893, being also a gold medalist. He began practice
as an advocate in 1894 and within nine years had won such success that he was
created a king's counsel. He occupies an enviable position in his profession,
and in addition to his appearance before Canadian courts he has pleaded on
several occasions before the judicial committee of the privy council. He was
one of the counsel retained by the province of Quebec in the arbitration between
the Dominion and Ontario and Quebec for a settlement of outstanding accounts
e.xisting at the time of the confederation. He was also made the junior Dominion
counsel in the matter of the Alaskan boundary arbitration in 1903-4. When he
expresses himself upon questions of vital importance to city or province his
opinions are listened to with attention and interest, for it is recognized that he
is a farsighted and public-spirited man who has the municipal, provincial and
Dominion welfare close at heart. He is not only recognized as the distinguished
lawyer but also as a most able educator along professional lines, having since
1905 been professor of civil law in McGill University, in which position he
succeeded Mr. Justice Fortin.

362 HISTORY OF iMONTREAL

In November, 1896, ■Mr. Geoft'rion was married to Miss Marguerite Thibau-
deau, the eldest daughter of the late J. R. Thibaudeau, senator of MoiUreai.
Mr. Geotlrion gives his political allegiance to the liberal party and is stanch and
warm in support of the principles in which he believes. His religious faith is
that of the Catholic church. He is a member of several of Alontreal's leading
clubs, including St. James Club, and the Montreal Reform Club, and also of the
Rideau Club of Ottawa. Sir Wilfrid Laurier spoke of him as "one who well
sustained the hereditary glories of his house." The Montreal Star has referred
to him as "a man of a remarkably clear and vigorous mind who has been highly
successful before all the courts." He is widely recognized as a man of earnest
purpose, seeking ever to benefit by those activities and interests which look
beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the
future, and which seek provincial v^'elfare rather than the aggrandizement of self.

LAWRENCE MACFARLANE.

Lawrence Macfarlane, member of the well known firm of Lafleur, Macdougall,
Macfarlane & Pope, barristers and solicitors, was born in Montreal on the 12th
of November, 1876, a son of the late James Ferrier and Cecilia Clare Mac-
farlane. He was a student in the Montreal high school and then entered McGill
for his arts course, graduating with the degree of B. A. in 1897.' He pursued
his studies in the law department of McGill and obtained the degree of B. C. L.
in April, 1900. He was called to the bar in the same year and was admitted
a partner in the law firm headed by the late R. D. McGibbon, K. C, with whom
he had previously studied for three years. As representing English interests
Mr. Macfarlane is a director of the British Columbia Breweries, Limited ; the
North Saskatchewan Land Company, Limited; the Alabama Traction Light and
Power Company, Limited ; Terminal Cities of Canada, Limited ; Mexican North-
ern Power Company, Limited ; and the Cities Service Company.

Mr. Macfarlane's political allegiance is given to the conservative party. He
belongs to St. Paul's Lodge, Masons, English Register, and he also has mem-
bership in the more important clubs of his native city, including the St. James,
Canada, Royal Montreal Golf, University and Racquet Clubs.

JOSEPH CHARLES WRAY.

For many years the name of Joseph Charles Wray figured in connection with
the undertaking business in Montreal, but in July, 1907, he retired from active
management of a business which had been established by his grandfather in 1840.
Mr. Wray was born in Montreal on the 25th of March, 1857, and is descended
from Irish ancestry, his jiarents being William and Marion (McGregor) Wray,
the latter of Scotch lineage. The father came to Montreal at an early age with
his father. The latter, Joseph Wray, established an undertaking business in
1840 and was joined by his son, ^^'illiam Wr;iy in its cnnducl and management.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 363

The business was originally conducted under the name of Joseph W'ray, Inil upon
the death of the grandfather, William Wray succeeded to the ownership and
management of the business, which he afterward conducted under his own name.
However, his health failed him about six months later, and he was obliged to
retire from active business. He was then succeeded by his son Joseph Charles
Wray.

The last named had been a puijil in the jjublic schools of Montreal and after
putting aside his text-books became connected with the confectionery business
in the employ of James Griffin. At length he entered the understaking business
that had been established by his grandfather, and when his father was forced
to retire from the management Joseph Charles Wray assumed control and con-
ducted the business under his own name for thirty years, his patronage grow-
ing with the development of the city. In July, 1907, however, the firm style was
changed to Joseph C. Wray & Brother, and Mr. Wray of this review retired
from active management, being succeeded by his youngest brother, Frederick A.
Wray, who has always been connected with the business. The Wrays were the
first to establish ambulance work in Canada in connection with the hospitals,
and they now own the ambulances used in connection with the hospitals of the
city. They began this in July, 1H83, and the value of the work done by them
can be scarcely overestimated, the ambulance service largely annihilating time
and distance in cases of emergency, bringing the patient to medical and surgical
aid with as little discomfort as possible.

On the 7th of September, 1900, in Trinity church, Mr. Wray was united
in marriage to Ellen Louise Gibbon, a native of Wales. They are members of
the Church of England, and Mr. Wray is identified with Mizpah Lodge, L O.
O. F., and Elgin Lodge, No. 7, A. F. & A. M. He votes independently, exercis-
ing his right of franchise as his judgment dictates. He has long since won place
among the prosperous men of the city, his position being attributable entirely
to his close application and honorable business methods.

OSCAR DESAUTELS.

Of distinguished French-Canadian ancestry, Oscar Desautels worthily wears
the family name and worthily carries forward the family traditions. He is a
successful notary of Montreal, in which city he has many interests. His Cana-
dian ancestry goes back to Pierre Desautels, who was born of the marriage of
Thomas and Marie (Buisson) Desautels, of ■Malicerne, in the bishopric of Alans,
France. Pierre Desautels married Marie Remy and to them was born Joseph
Desautels at Montreal on the 29th of October, 1666. He married Marie Char-
lotte Chatillon, and they became the jiarents of a son, Michel, who was born
at Pointe aux Trembles, Montreal, October i, 1701. Michel Desautels married
Louise Catherine Bergeron, and their son Michel was born at Sorel in 1727.
He married Marie Charlotte Rondeau, and they became the parents of a son,
Michel, who was born at St. Ours on the nth of .August, 1759. To this Michel
Desautels was born a son, Michel, at Beloeil in 1796. He married Josephte
Morin, and their son Elzear was born at .St. Jean Baptiste, November 25, 1827.

364 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

He was the father of our subject. His wife was Malvina Guertin, and their son
Oscar was born at St. Jean Baptiste, April 26, 1872.

Oscar Desautels pursued a classical course at the Petit Seminaire of Ste.
Marie de Monnoir at Marieville and was graduated in June, 1893, with the
Bachelor of Arts degree. From 1893 to 1898 he studied law at St. Hyacinthe,
in the office of Tache & Desautels, notaries. He was admitted to practice on
September 10, 1898. On November ist of that year he established himself as a
notary at Montreal and in the evening kept an office in the town of St. Louis.
His entrance into the legal profession and his first years thereafter were arduous
but his ability, energy and honesty led him to success. During the first ten
years — as is so often the case in professional careers — his clientele grew slowly.
He was notary of the corporation of the town of St. Louis and also of the
school commission of the various parishes of the town of St. Louis and is
counsel for various other important institutions. He enjoys today a numerous
and representative clientage which recruits itself largely from the old town of
St. Louis, which is now the ward Laurier of the metropolis. Mr. Desautels is.
interested in various enterprises, largely along real estate lines, among which is
La Compagnie Nationale d'Immeubles, of which he has always been one of the
directors. He has interested himself actively in mutual societies and has held
official positions in nearly all those societies established in the town of St. Louis.

At Beloeil, on the 8th of June, 1903, Mr. Desautels was united in marriage
to Miss Corine Bernard, a daughter of Elophe and Mathilde (Lafontaine)
Bernard. To them have been born four children, Bernard, Robert, Therese
and Bruno. Mr. Desautels gives his political allegiance to the liberal party and
is treasurer of the Liberal Club of the town of St. Louis. He is an effective
worker for his party, in which he enjoys great prestige. An excellent notary
and public-spirited citizen, he is highly esteemed and respected by all who
know him. As a notary he enjoys the highest reputation as to ability and
integrity, and more and more important interests have come under his direction
as the years have passed.

ZEPHIRIN HEBERT.

Zephirin Hebert, i^resident of the wholesale grocery firm of Hudon, Hebert
& Company, Ltd., the leading concern of its kind in Canada, was born in Mon-
treal, February 6, 1866, the son of Charles P. Hebert, who was the first president
of the above mentioned firm. In 1883 Zephirin Hebert became connected with
the business of which he is now the head. In 1893 he was admitted as a part-
ner. In 1906, on the incorporation of the company, he became assistant man-
ager and a director. In 1908 he was elected to the office of vice president and
in 191 1 succeeded his brother, the late .Albert Hebert, as president. For about
twenty-five years he has been a member of the Montreal Board of Trade and
since tlie ist of February, 1913, he has served on the council of that body, and
in December, 1913, was elected a member of the transportation bureau of that
organization.

ZF.l'IllKIX HEBERT

JIIS'IORY OF MONTRRAL 367

Mr. Hebert is president of tlic Dominion Wholesale Grocers Guild, cliair-
man of the prize committee for the jirovince of Quebec, president of the
Montreal Wholesale Grocers Guild, president of the Montreal Wholesale Liquor
Association, treasurer and governor of Notre Dame Hospital, governor of the
Montreal General Hospital and governor of Laval University. He is also a
member of the Canada Club, the Montreal Jockey Clul; and L'Associalion St.
Jean Baptiste.

Mr. Hebert married Miss Blanche Robidou.\ and their four children are,
Marielle, Gertrude, Charles P. and Jacques R.

REV. WILLL\M O'MEARA.

A man of scholarly attainments, great force of personality and broadness of
mind. Rev. William O'Meara has made these qualities the basis of many years
of successful work as rector of St. Gabriel's church in Montreal and in the
promotion of the work along many lines in which the Catholic church is inter-
ested. He was born in Sherrington, Quebec province, May 6, 1857, and is one of
twelve children born to the late Captain William and Judith (McManus) O'Meara,
the former a native of Waterford, Ireland, who came to Canada in 1832.

Rev. William O'Meara acquired his early education in the grammar schools
of Sherrington, and later entered the College of Ste. Therese, where he took a
classical course, graduating with the degree of li. A. in 1880. He then entered
Grand Seminary in Montreal, where he pursued his theological studies for
three years and a half, being ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood Decem-
ber 22, 1883. He was first made curate at St. Ann's church in this city and
was then transferred to St. Cecelia's parish in Valleyfield, where he remained
as assistant from 1884 to 1889. In the latter year he come to St. Gabriel's
church, Montreal, and in January, 1890, was made rector, a position which he
still holds. This parish was organized in 1873 as a mission from St. Henry's
parish and was made an independent congregation two years later. The first
church was a wooden structure, presided over by Rev. John J. Salmon, and
here services were held until i8gi. Rev. Thomas McCarthy succeeding the first
parish priest. The new church was started in 1891 by Father O'Meara and
was completed in 1894, at a cost of one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars.
It is a beautiful structure, built of limestone, in the Roman and Byzantine styles
of architecture, having a capacity of one thousand people and the dimensions
being one hundred and sixty by seventy feet. There is a main altar of white
wood, a chancel rail of oak and stations of the cross which are fine specimens
of work in terra cotta. Father O'Meara built in 1895 a parish house costing
eleven thousand five hundred dollars, and the entire church property is valued
at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The afifairs of the congregation, which
numbers eight hundred families, are administered in a capable and farsighted
way, Father O'Meara having proven himself a reliable business man as well
as an earnest and consecrated worker in the cause of religion. He is particu-
larly interested in the schools of his parish and has now erected two excellent
institutions of learning, which are conducted in connection with his church. These

368 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

are a school for boys, built at a cost of thirt3--seven thousand dollars, and an
academy for girls, representing a value of fifty-five thousand dollars.

Father O'JMeara was formerly a governor of the Catholic high school of
Montreal and was on July i, 1905, appointed a Catholic school commissioner.
He was elected chairman of the commission in vjio and since that time has
been accounted one of the prominent educators of the city as well as one of the
greatest individual forces in the promotion of Catholic education. He has
given a great deal of time and attention to this work and in 1907 was sent
as a delegate to the Dublin International Exposition in order to study the national
school systems of Ireland, France, England and Belgium. He is interested in
the work of St. Gabriel's Total Abstinence and Benefit Society, of which he is
president, and he has recently been apjiointed honorary canon of the archdiocese
of ^lontreal. He has, indeed, accomplished a great deal of important and con-
structive work among the people of his parish, and he holds their love in large
measure, while he enjoys the confidence and respect of people of all denomina-
tions. He has demonstrated that the business afifairs of St. Gabriel's parish are
in the hands of a farsighted, capable and energetic man, while his religious zeal
is evidenced in his constant and untiring labor in the promulgation of the doc-
trines in which he believes. He is widely and favorably known in Montreal and
has earned mention by the Montreal Gazette as "a broad-minded, well informed,
energetic and popular priest."

LOUIS BEAUDOIN.

In commercial circles of Montreal, Louis Beaudoin is widely known as presi-
dent of Beaudoin Limited, accountants and auditors. Louis Beaudoin of this
review occupies the executive position in this firm, and Gerant L. M. Phileas
Beaudoin is secretary-treasurer. They maintain offices at 33 Notre Dame street
West and have been eminently successful in their line, enjoying an extensive and
important clientage. Louis Beaudoin was born August 29, i86g, in Repen-
tigny, L'Assomption coimty, Quebec, and is a son of Pierre and Melina (La-
chapelle dit Jeannotte) Beaudoin, the former a well known agriculturist of
Repentigny. The paternal grandparents of our subject were Pierre and .Ade-
laide (Rochon) Beaudoin, the former also a farmer of Repentigny. The great-
grandfather, Jean Baptiste Beaudoin, also followed that occupation at the same
place. The maternal grandfather, Pierre Lachapelle, was an agriculturist of
Mascouche. The Beaudoin family is historically known in two variations, that
of Baudoin and Bodin. The earliest record of a member of this family goes
back to Alexis Beaudoin. born in ](»)4. who on November 27, 1720, married at
Ste. Croix, .Angeline Houde and had seven children. Of these his son Louis
married Louise Barrat, at Montreal, on May 6, 1748, this being the first men-
tion of the family in Montreal archi\-es.

Louis Beaudoin ac(|uired his education in the College de L'Assom])tion
and began his career in the grocery business, also being connected with butcher-
ing and merchandising. He subsequently became president of Beaudoin Lim-
ited and has since given his entire .attention to the extension of the interests of

HISTORY Ol' -MONTREAL 369

that firm. Rcccnlly a line of Assyrian i)r(j(lucls has been added. Natural ability
and keen observation of existing conditions make him eminent in his jjrofession,
and he is today recognized as one of the foremost men in his line in Montreal.

On February 4, icSHo, Mr. Beaudoin was united in marriage to l'2velina
Legault (lit IJeslaurier, a daughter of Jean Baptiste Legault dit Deslaurier.
The father for many years has been connected with commercial interests. Mr.
and Airs. Beaudoin have the following children: Phileas, Coramance, Armand,
IJonore, Adrien,, Aurelien, Albert, Adolphe, Laurent, .Amedee, Eveline and
Clement Marcel. In his political views Mr. Beaudoin is a liberal, stanchly
upholding the principles of his party. Although he has never cared to partici-
pate in public life he has done much toward promoting worthy public enter-
prises. He is a valued citizen of 'Montreal, ])roniinent in commercial circles and
effective in his private capacity in furthering the interests of the city, where he
has been so long and so successfully engaged in business.

THOMAS J. DAWSON.

"Not the good that comes to us Init the good that comes to the world through
us is the measure of our success." Judged by this standard, Thomas J. Dawson
was a most successful man. His life measured up to the standard which all
men acknowdedge good. His record was as an open book which all might read
and there were many wdio bore testimony to his kindness of heart and his gen-
erous spirit manifest in active etTort for the alleviation of hard conditions of life
for the unfortunate and for practical improvement along the line of civic and
moral reform. Mr. Dawson was born at Knockmanoul, Ireland, April 20, 1843,
and spent his early life in Dublin and Belfast. His parents. Rev. Abram and
Anne (Graham) Dawson, were both natives of the Emerald isle. The father was
a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church and coming from Ireland to the
new world engaged in preaching in Ontario near Kingston. Thomas J. Daw-
son came to Canada in 1864 and spent sexeral years at Sydenham and Guelph,
Ontario. In 1S70 he arrived in Montreal, from wdiich date until his death he
was actively engaged in commercial pursuits. For fifteen years prior to his
demise he was connected with the custom service and during the latter [)art of
that period was the appraiser in the postoffice department.

Mr. Dawson was a splendid type of the Irish gentleman, possessing native
wit and humor and scattering cheer wherever he went. His geniality and cordi-
ality ever made him popular in social circles and his friends w^ere almost as
numerous as his acquaintances. His spirit of benevolence was one of his strongly
developed characteristics and, again and again, found expression in tangible
effort for the benefit of others. He was deeply interested in the Irish Protestant
Benevolent Society, was a life governor of the Montreal Homeopathic Hospital,
was for years secretary of the Old Brewery Mission and was an active member
of the Westmount ^Methodist church, which numbered him among its earnest,
helpful workers. Any movement tending to bring about civic or moral reform
received his indorsement and cooperation. In 1866, upon its organization, he
became a member of the Young Men's Christian Association, retaining his mem-

370 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

bership until his death, and to the support of which he contributed Hberally. He
gave, too, of his time and etiforts for its upbuilding and always took a most active
interest in young men, realizing how necessary are uplifting influences in the
plastic age. Life was to him purposeful and fraught with opportunity for good,
which he did not neglect, and when he passed away October 21, 1910, he left
behind him a memory that is a benediction to all who knew him.

In 1876 Mr. Dawson was married to Miss Louisa Holland, daughter of
George A. Holland, who came from Ireland as a young man and was the active
head of the G. A. Holland & Son Company, dealers in wall paper, estab-
lished by him in 1843. He built up that business to large proportions and
remained in close identification therewith until his demise. His wife, who bore
the maiden name of Marian Hutchins, was a native of Canada. He was one of
the volunteer firemen of Montreal at an early day and he passed away in this
city in July, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Dawson had three children: Ralph H. of Mon-
treal ; Arthur B. of Calgary ; and Mabel L., the wife of R. Macaulay Gushing,
and they have two children, Dorothy M. and Arthur M.

LOUIS ALFRED ADHEMAR RIVET.

"A man of ideas; a man with a future; a coming man," is the way the
Toronto Globe describes Louis Alfred Adheniar Rivet, of Montreal, and all
who have come in contact with him during the course of his brilliant and suc-
cessful career as a barrister and legislator fully concur in this opinion, adding
also that he is one of the most able members of his profession in Quebec province,
a distinguished statesman and one of the greatest of the younger generation
of French Canadians. He was born in Joliette, Quebec, on the 15th of Septem-
ber, 1873, and is a son of Charles and Herminie (Michaud) Rivet, of French
Canadian origin.

In the acquirement of an education Mr. Rivet attended Joliette College and
Laval University, from which institution he was graduated B. A. in 1892 and
LL. B. in 1895, in the same year being called to the bar as advocate. He was
made king's counsel in 1906 and for a number of years has been practicing
successfully in Montreal, where he is ranked among brilliant and forceful bar-
risters. For a time he was associated with the late C. Beausoleil, M. P., but the
death of the latter severed this connection and subsequently he became asso-
ciated with other firms, the present one being Rivet, Glass & Sullivan. He is
recognized as a strong and able practitioner, a barrister whose knowledge of
underlying legal principles is comprehensive and exact and whose ajiplication
of points of law is always correct and logical. His keen and incisive mind
grasps quickly all the details of the most intricate case, seizes upon the most
telling points and arguments, and his presentations are models of conciseness
and accuracy. Mr. Rivet has thus won distinction in his chosen profession and
has secured a representative clientage in Montreal connecting him with a great
deal of notable litigation. He has been interested and active in affairs affecting
the Montreal bar, his ability being widely recognized in professional circles.

L. A. RIVET

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 373

As is often the case, Mr. Rivet's success in law has carried with it promi-
nence in pohtics and his interest in the growth and welfare of the province has
carried him forward into important political relations. At the bi-election of 1904
he was returned to the house of commons and, representing Hochelaga in that
body, served with ability and distinction until 191 1. During this time he accom-
plished a great deal of constructive and important work in statesmanship, leaving
the impress of his personality and standards upon useful and beneficial legisla-
tion, his vote and influence being always on the side of right, reform and progress.
A stanch liberal, Mr. Rivet has always supported the principles and policies of
that party and has been one of the greatest individual forces in its expansion
in Montreal, where he founded the St. Gabriel Liberal Club, of which he served
as president in 1898. He has been a director of the Montreal Reform Club.
He calls himself an imperialist and is one in the sense that the gfeatness of the
empire depends to a great extent on the fair development of the colonies. He
is, however, a stanch advocate of Canadian customs and institutions and has
done as much as any one man in the Dominion to promote their spread and
growth. Although of French Canadian extraction he speaks English fluently
and often addressed the house of commons in that language. In a lecture on the
dual language of Canada delivered before the Nomads' Club in 1909 he advo-
cated Canada as a bi-lingual nation and he has done much to promote the fusion
of the two great nations which dominate the country. He also addressed
the Canadian Club in Ontario, advocating closer relations between the two races,
in view of national unity.

Mr. Rivet married in January, 1898, Mile. Rose Cypihot and both are widely
and favorably known in social circles of Montreal. Their children are; Gaston,
born June 23, 1901 ; Marguerite, January 10, 1904; and Gerard, January 24, 1906.

Mr. Rivet has extensive and important club affiliations, belonging to tlie
Club St. Denis, the Club Canadien de Montreal and the Reform Club, and socially
is found to be genial, charming and constantly courteous. In his profession he
has made continued and rapid advancement and his accomplishments in the
political field have been substantial and far-reaching, so that he is well entitled
to a high place among the representative and useful citizens of the city where
he makes his home.

JOSEPH ALCIDE CHAUSSE.

Since 1900 Joseph Alcide Chausse has filled the important position of super-
intendent of buildings and city architect of Montreal and in that position has estab-
lished for himself an enjoyable reputation. He is one of the foremost men in the
profession, not only in the city,, but in the Dominion and recogiiition has come
to him from numerous national as well as foreign societies. Alcide Chausse was
born at St. Sulpice, Assumption county, Quebec, Canada, on January 7, 1868, a
son of Edouard and Rose de Lima (Rivet) Chausse, both natives of St. Sulpice.
Quebec. The father, a prominent lumberman there and ex-alderman of the city
of Montreal, died on March 15, 1909, the mother having preceded him in death,
passing away on July 20, 1896. The Chausse family is of ancient lineage and one

374 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of the old-established ones in the province of Quebec. Pierre Chausse, le
Chaudronnier (the brazier), was born in 1630 and was established at St. Anne de
la Parade as early as 1681. Pierre Chausse, another of the name, called la
Lumiere, was born in 1651, a son of Jean and Catherine (Groleau) Chausse. He
married Marie Madeleine Sel au Deselles on April 24, 1681, and they had five
children. These are among the earliest ancestors of Mr. Chausse recorded in
Canadian history.

Alcide Chausse received his fundamental education at St. Mary's Academy in
Montreal. He studied architecture with the. late Alphonse Raza, of Montreal,
from the 3d of March, 1884, to the 14th of March, 1887. From the 17th of
March of that year until July 24, 1889, he was in Chicago, perfecting himself in
the profession, and was admitted to practice in 1888. On the 20th of November,
1889, he opened an office for the practice of architecture at Montreal and con-
tinued with ever increasing success until May 21, 1900, when he was appointed
to his present important position. A wide and comprehensive knowledge fits him
particularly for this work and Mr. Chausse has been in a large measure respon-
sible for the upbuilding of the city along lines of the "plan beautiful." He also
holds the position of commissioner of the superior court for the district of
Montreal and that of justice of the peace for the same district.

Mr. Chausse is a charter member of the Province of Quebec Association of
Architects, of which he served as president in 1906. In 1907 he was the promoter
of and since its inception is, honorary secretary and a member of the Royal Archi-
tectural Institute of Canada ; is an associate of the Canadian atid American
Societies of Civil Engineers ; a member of La Chambre Syndicale de la Con-
struction ; a member of the Board of Plumbers' Examiners in Montreal ; chairman
of the committee on fire prevention of the American Society of Municipal
Improvements; a member of the American Public Health Association; a member
of the council of Le Comite Permanent 'des Congres Internationaux des Archi-
tectes ; member of the British Fire Prevention Committee ; corresponding mem-
ber of La Societe Centrale des Architectes Frangais ; the American Institute of
Architects ; La Societe Centrale d'Architecture de Belgique ; La Societe Nationale
des Architectes de France ; Architekten-Verein at Berlin, Germany ; Sociedad
Central de Architectes, Madrid, Spain; and the Society of Portuguese Architects.
He is a member of the council of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society. Mr.
Chausse has been awarded gold, silver and bronze medals by various architectural
societies for technical papers and lectures. He was a member of the Interna-
tional Congress of Architects held at Paris in 1900; at Madrid, in 1904; and
London, England, in 1906; and of the International Fire Prevention Congress,
held at London in 1903 ; a delegate to the Sixth Conunercial Congress of the
Em[)ire, held at London, in 1906. In 1907 he conceived the project for the Institute
of Architects of Canada. He is the author of several articles on fire prevention
and fire protection; of the "Building Inspector's Handbook," published in 1902;
the "Code of Building Laws of the Province of Que])ec," i)ublished in 1906; the
"Handbook of Building Laws of Montreal"; and the ".Supplement to the Code of
Building Laws," published in 1913, all of them published in English and French.

At Ste. Bridgide's church, Montreal, on Saturday, September 8, 1894. Mr.
Chausse was united in marriage to Miss Rose de Lima Renaud, a daughter of
Cvrille Renaud and Rose de Lima ( I'^avreau) Renaufl. both of Montreal The

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 375

father is a well known niannfactnrers' agent of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Chausse
have two sons: Marcel, who was born July 7, 1902, and Fernand, born December
29, 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Chausse are members of the Blessed Sacrament Congre-
gation, Church of the Holy Sacrament, on Mount Royal avenue.

The political views of Mr. Chausso coincide with the principles of the con-
servative party. He is a member of Le Club Canadien of .Montreal, a member
of L'Alliance Nationale. of which he served as grand marshal; and a member of
the Association of St. Jean Hajniste. of which he has been president of Ste.
liridgide's Section. He was also jjresident of the Cercle Jeanne D'Arc of
L'Alliance Nationale. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Columbus.
Mr. Chausse finds recreation in curling and is a member of the St. Lawrence
Curling Club of Montreal. His city residence is at No. 1433 St. Hubert street,
while the siinimer liyme of the family is \'illa Iris, S;iu't-au-Recollet.

MORTIMER BARNETT DAVIS.

Manufacturing interests of Montreal find a prominent representative in
Mortimer Barnett Davis, one of the leaders in the tobacco trade of the Dominion,
being acti\'e in the management of an enterprise of mammoth proportions. It is
true that he entered upon a business already established, hut in enlarging and
developing this many a man of less resolute spirit and of more limited business
sagacity would have failed. Each step he has taken in the business world has
l)een one of progress, bringing him a broader outlook and wider opportunities.

Mr. Davis was born February 6, 1866, in Montreal, a son of Samuel and
Minnie (Falk) Davis, the former the founder of the firm of Samuel Davis &
Sons, manufacturers and importers of cigars at Montreal. Mortimer B. Davis
completed his education in the high school of his native city and early became
associated with his father in business, receiving thorough training that acquainted
him with every phase of the trade. He went upon the road as a traveling sales-
man and eventually was advanced to the position of manager after the firm
had acquired the D. Ritchie Tobacco factory. He controlled the business most
systematically and, finally, when it had been absorbed by the formation of the
American Toljacco Company oi Canada in 1893, he became president of the
company and so continues. Later he gave to the country a great national industry
in the Empire Tobacco Company, which is a branch of the Imperial Tobacco Com-
pany of Canada. He was largely instrumental in establishing a permanent mar-
ket for Canada leaf tobacco and ])romoting trade interests in his line between this
and other lands. Something of the solunie of business under his control is indi-
cated in the fact that there are now three thousand workmen in his factories.
No undertaking in connection with the toljacco trade seems too difficult or its
scope too broad for him to successfully man.age and control. Every eflfort which
he fiuts forth seems to count for the utmost and obstacles and difficulties in his
path seem but an impetus for renewed concentration and direction. His opinions
carry weight in the management of other important financial, commercial and
agricultural interests.

376 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

On the I2th of June, 1898, Mr. Davis was married to Miss Henrietta Myers,
and they have one son. Mr. Davis belongs to the Royal Montreal Golf Club, and
also holds membership in the Mount Royal, St. James, Montreal Hunt and
Montreal Jockey Clubs, the Auto Club of Canada and the Forest and Stream
Club, associations which indicate something of the nature of his interests and
activities and which have brought about a well rounded character, justifying the
expression of the Gazette, which termed him "a man of strength, vigor, capacity
and wisdom."

RENE ALPHONSE JOSEPH PIGEON.

•

Rene Alphonse Joseph Pigeon, patent solicitor of Montreal, member of the
firm of Pigeon, Pigeon & Davis, was born at Billingsbridge, near Ottawa, on the
nth of July, 1890. The ancestral line can be traced back to Pierre Pigeon, who
was born in 1636 and was married in Montreal to Jeanne Godart, who was born
in 1638. Their marriage occurred in 1662, twenty years after the foundation of
Montreal. Representatives of succeeding generations have lived in or near Mon-
treal, some going to Laprairie and others to \ ercheres. The father, Hormisdas
Honore Pigeon, was born at Vercheres, in Vercheres county, P. Q., and after
having lived for some years in the United States removed to Ottawa, where he
has now been engaged in business for more than thirty years. He ^married Marie
Tremblay who was born at Baie St. Paul, Charlevoix county, and was married in
1889. The Tremblays were among the earliest settlers of that section.

Rene Alphonse J. Pigeon was a student in the University of Ottawa, com-
pleting his studies there in 1907. He afterward studied mechanics and electricity
and entered upon his professional career as draftsman in the office of Fetherston-
hough, Dennison & Blackmore, patent solicitors at Ottawa. After a year he was
promoted to the position of manager of their Ottawa office and was in the
employ of that firm for four years. In 1912 he left them to establish himself in
business in Montreal as a member of the present firm of Pigeon, Pigeon & Davis.
Previous experience and thorough collegiate and professional training have well
qualified him for the responsibilities, activities and duties of the profession. He
is a typical young man of the age, alert, enterprising and progressive and is now
at the head of a large, growing and successful business.

REV. JOSEPH N. O. DUPUIS, D. D., D. C. L.

In the life of the Catholic church of Canada Rev. Joseph Nazaire Odilon
Dupuis occupies a foremost position as inspector and visitor of a number of
jjarish scliools which are attended by over thirty thousand children. He was chosen
to this important office in 1913 by twenty-seven school commissions in Montreal
which are formed into an association, and has done fruitful work in promoting
education in the city.

RENE A. .1. PKJKON

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 379

Rev. Dupuis was born at Montreal on the i6th of December, 1871, and
is a son of Nazaire Dupuis, founder of the commercial house of Dupuis Freres,
and of Alphonsine (St. Onge) Dupuis. He pursued his classical studies at the
College of Montreal and in June, 1890, entered ecclesiastical orders. He was
ordained priest by Monseigneur Fabre on August 30, 1896. From 1896 to 1899
he studied at the Canadian College of Rome, Italy, returning from there with the
degree of Doctor of Theology, bestowed by the propaganda in 1898, and the degree
of Doctor of Canon Law, bestowed in 1899 by Apollinaire College. From 1899
to 1900 he studied at the Catholic Institute of Paris and at the Sorbonne. In the
latter year he returned to Canada, becoming vicar of the Church of St. Jacques at
Montreal, where he remained until 1902, when he was attached to the congregation
St. Louis de France, remaining until 1904. He was appointed almoner of the
Convent of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of the Sault au Recollet, where he
remained for about nine years. At the same time he acted as chaplain at the
Creche of the Sisters of Misericorde. In 1913 he was chosen by twenty-seven
school commissions of Montreal, formed into an association, as a visitor and
inspector of all the schools under the control of these commissions, having under
his jurisdiction thirty thousand children divided over forty dififerent parishes and
eighty-two schools. Rev. Dupuis was one of the founders of Lafontaine Council
of the Knights of Columbus. He is life governor of Notre Dame Hospital and is
professor at Laval University and the author of several lecture papers. He has
been heard as a preacher in nearly all of the churches of Montreal. Rev. Dupuis
is a great lover of fine arts and literature and spent his last holidays in Italy and
Spain, paying especial attention to the masterpieces of those countries.

HARRY HAYWARD HENSHAW.

Harry Hayward Henshaw, whose name was well known in electrical circles
died in Montreal, his native city. May 15, 1908. He was born in 1865, a son of
Joshua Henshaw, who for many years was paymaster with the Grand Trunk
Railway. His mother bore the maiden name of Jane Fayrer and in the family
were two sons and a daughter: Charles G., now living in Vancouver; Harry
Hayward ; and Lady Williams Taylor.

After pursuing his education in Montreal schools, Harry Hayward Henshaw
obtained a position with the Grand Trunk Railway and afterward spent twenty
years with the Royal Electric Company, gaining intimate and comprehensive
knowledge of the various phases of the business, during the two decades of his
identification therewith. When the Royal Electric Company became a part of the
amalgamation forming the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company he became
secretary and treasurer of the new company, remaining thus for many years, on
the expiration of which period he became manager of the Allis-Chalmers Com-
pany, manufacturers of electric machinery. He had been with them for only a
few months when ill health forced him to resign. Throughout almost the entire
period of his business career he was connected with electrical interests and came

to be a leading figiire in electrical circles.
Vol. m— 17

380 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In Montreal in 1895 .Mr. Henshaw was married to Florence Thompson Christie,
a daughter of Peter M. and Margaret (Thompson) Christie, the latter being a
daughter of Edward Thompson, a prominent citizen of Montreal serving as alder-
man from the Centre ward and rendering the city much valuable service. He was
mainly instrumental in the widening of Notre Dame street during his term of
office, and in recognition of his efforts for this work he was publicly presented
with a handsome silver service on Christmas Day, 1859. The paternal grand-
father of Mrs. Henshaw, William Christie, came to this city at an early day and
was active in the soap manufacturing business until late in life when he retired.
He was a prominent church man, being for forty years an elder in St. Paul's
church. To Mr. and Mrs. Henshaw was born a daughter, Margaret Fayrer.
Mr. Henshaw was a member of St. James Club, Forest and Stream Club, and the
Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club. He belonged to the English Cathedral church and
was interested in all that pertained to the city"s development and progress, along
material, social and moral lines. His life measured up to high standards of man-
hood and citizenship and commanded for him the respect, confidence and good-
will of those who knew him.

GEORGE CREAK.

George Creak, senior member of the firm of Creak, Gushing & Hodgson,
chartered accountants, was born and educated in London, England. His parents
were George and Maria Creak, of Clapham, London. For many years he was
secretary and treasurer of the Merchants Cotton Company, began practice as a
chartered accountant in 1895 and is now at the head of the above firm.

'Mr. Creak is a member of the Association of Accountants of Montreal and is a
fellow of the Dominion Association of Chartered Accountants. He is a Freeman
of the city of London and is a member of the Goldsmiths' Company, as were his
father and grandfather before him. Mr. Creak belongs to the Anglican church
and is a member of the Mount Royal Club, the Canada Club, the Art Association
of Montreal, the Montreal Hunt Club, and the Board of Trade.

WILLIAM ERNEST FINDLAY.

Since entering business life William Ernest Findlay has devoted his attention
uninterruptedly to the insurance profession, and his success is due to his close
application, indefatigable energy and thorough understanding of every phase of
the business in which he has so long been engaged. Montreal claims him as a
native citizen, his birth having here occurred April 26, 1867, his parents being
Captain Jonathan D. G. Findlay, R. N. and Mary (Forbes) Findlay, both now
deceased. The son acquired his education in the model and private schools and.
as previously stated, became connected with the insurance profession upon his
entrance into business life. He was manager and inspector of the Northern Life
Insurance Company and in 1906 was advanced to the position of general secretary.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 381

which he later resigned to devote his entire attention to his other interests. In
his connection with the Northern Life he did much to shape the policy of the com-
pany and direct its activities, and its success is attributable in considerable meas-
ure to his efforts, sound judgment and ready understanding of llie different phases
of the business. He is now chief agent for Canada of the Niagara Fire Insurance
Company of New York, and also for the province of Quebec for the Springfield
Fire and Marine Insurance Company and is an authority on fire prevention and
underwriting.

On the 8th of February, 1897, Mr. Findlay was married to Laura Brockwill
Grier, a daughter of William Grier, of Montreal, in which city they have since
resided. Mr. Findlay has an interesting military chapter in his life record, having
in 1 89 1 been appointed second lieutenant of the Sixth Regiment Fusiliers. The
following year brought him advancement to the rank of captain and in- 1904 he
became a member of the Corps Reserve. He holds a first class certificate from
the Royal School of Infantry. He is a justice of the peace and commissioner
of the superior court. He is a life member of Royal Victoria Lodge, No. 57,
A. F. & A. M., and a director of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. He is
honorary secretary-treasurer of the Canadian branch of the Royal Caledonian
Curling Club and has always been much interested in athletic affairs.

WALTER NORTON EVANS.

Church activities vied with business interests in claiming the attention and
energies of Walter Norton Evans, who died on the 23d of October, 1896. He
was born at Wolverhampton, England, in 1837, and after pursuing his education
there, came as a young man to Canada. His father, Samuel Norton Evans, also a
native of England, crossed the Atlantic to the American continent and spent the
last years of his life in retirement in Guelph, Ontario. In business circles Walter
N. Evans made for himself a creditable place. He became cashier of the firm
of Frothingham & Workman, and was one of the executives of the Thomas
Workman building. His identification with the above interests covered a period
of nearly a third of a century. His name became a synonym for reliability as well
as energy in business circles. Men came to know that they could depend upon
him, that what he promised he would do and that he would improve his opportu-
nities not only for his own benefit but for the welfare of those things in which
he was concerned.

In 1864 Mr. Evans was married in Montreal to Aliss Nora Hunter, a daughter
of the Rev. Stephenson Hunter, a minister of the Unitarian church of England.
They became parents of five children : Nevil Norton Evans, professor of chem-
istry in .McGill University : Mabel Norton, who is Mrs. George C. Wright, of
Ottawa; Dr. Percy Norton Evans, professor of chemistry in Purdue University,
at Lafayette, Indiana; Lillian Norton, the wife of Professor Henry Martyn
MacKay, head of the civil engineering department at McGill University ; and Miss
Gladys Norton Evans, at home.

Mr. Evans was deeply interested in affairs of public moment, kept well
informed concerning the claims of vital interest and gave his indorsement to manv

382 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

measures that are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride. For many years he
was prominently and actively connected with the Unitarian church and for a long
period served as superintendent of its Sunday school. High were the ideals
which his life activities embodied and the name which he left to posterity is an
honored one.

HON. LAURENT OLIVIER DAVID.

Hon. Laurent Olivier David, senator and journalist, possesses a statesmanlike
grasp of affairs that has enabled him to handle important public questions in a
manner that has largely influenced public opinion. Prominent and active, how-
ever, as he has been in the field of journalism and in politics, literature is per-
haps his real life work and his writings will endure for years to come, especially
the important historical volumes of which he is the author. A native of Sault
au Recollet, Quebec, he was born March 24, 1840, a son of Major Stanislas and
Elizabeth (Tremblay) David. He pursued his education in St. Therese College
and after thorough preparation for law practice was called to the bar in 1864.
While yet a law student he entered the field of newspaper publication in the
founding of Le Colonisateur, to which he was a contributor. He would undoubt-
edly have won prominence in the practice of law had he continued in that field,
but the trend of his mind was rather for the discussion of public' questions of
vital significance and far-reaching importance. He was particularly interested in
the question of the impending confederation which so altered the destiny of the
Dominion. It was during the period of his early manhood that he became asso-
ciated with Sir Wilfrid Laurier, and the friendship then formed between them
has since existed. There was little indication at that period to show that Laurier,
the young lawyer, who was forced to practice the most rigid economy, would
in future years, as prime minister, guide the destinies of his country. Long
after he had risen to prominence Mr. David became his biographer, his history
of the eminent liberal leader being marked by delicate sj'mpathy, inner knowledge
and keen and subtle appreciation of character.

Continuing his activity in the journalistic field, Mr. David, in 1870, established
and became chief editor of an illustrated weekly called L'( )pinion Publique,
which he left because he objected to the paper's supporting the government on the
question of the Pacific scandal. He made in that circumstance an important
sacrifice of his personal interest. In this enterprise he was associated with
Messrs. Mousseau and Desbarats. In 1874, in association with the late C. Beau-
soleil, M. P., he established Le Bien Public, which he discontinued when the
Mackenzie government refused to raise the tarifi^ more than a relatively small
per cent, which Mr. David thought insufficient in view of the financial crisis then
prevailing. His newspaper career as well as his natural interest brought him
into close connection with the important political and other significant que.^-
tions of the day, and his discussion thereof through the columns of the press
did not a little in formulating public policy. His presentation of anv subject
was always clear and cogent. There was a piquant and compelling force in hi?
style, and the development of his native powers and talents in the field oflitera-

HON. LAURENT 0. DA\aD

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 385

ture has made him one of Canada's foremost representatives in authorship. Dur-
ing the brief interval between two epochs in his newspaper pubHcation he acted
as translator and assistant clerk of the votes and deliberations of the house of
commons during the Mackenzie regime. This was the initial step of his activity
in public office. He resigned the position in 1878 and afterward successfully
practiced his profession in 'Montreal. In May, 1892. Mr. David was called to
the office of city clerk of Montreal and was one of the revisers who drafted a
new charter for the city in 1898.

In the meantime he was taking an active part in the discussion of many ques-
tions relative to the provincial and national welfare. Originally a supporter of
the conservative party, he withdrew therefrom to join L'Union Nationale, an
organization of young men pledged to oppose the confederacy of the provinces.
Later he joined the liberal party under Dorion, Helton and Laflamme and was
in full accord with their policy on all questions save that of protection to native
industries, which he had always favored. For many years he has been an un-
swerving supporter of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, enjoying his personal friendship and
political confidence in a supreme degree. In 1867 and 1875 he unsuccessfully
contested Hochelaga (local) at the general election, and in 1878 contested
Hochelaga for the house of commons, while in 1891 he contested Montreal East
for the house of commons. He sat for Montreal East in the legislature from
1886 until 1890, when he retired because he was not entirely in accord with the
policy of Mr. Mercier, his local leader. On the 19th of June, 1903, he was called
to the senate b\" Lord Minto and has since taken an active part in shaping the
legislative history of the country along the lines of progressive statesmanship.
He moved the address in reply to the speech from the throne in 1905, and his
speech was highly appreciated by the whole Canadian press.. He has since
moved on the subject of senate reform and on the subject of concerted measures
for the restriction in Canada of indecent and immoral literature, and other sub-
jects of vital interest to the general public. He declined appointment to the lieu-
tenant governorship of the Northwest and it is said that he would have been
appointed judge if he had been willing to accept the charge. He was also offered
a judgeship in Montreal and refused.

It would be difficult to determine which has been the most important feature
in the life record of the Hon. Laurent O. David. Much of his time has been
devoted to authorship, in which field he has had marked influence aside from that
which he has exerted in journalism. From his pen have come various important
historical works, the titles and dates of publication being as follows: Biog-
raphies et Portraits (1876) ; Le Heros de Chateauguay (1883) ; Les Patriotes de
1837-8 ("1884"): Mes Contemporains (i894'>; Les Deux Papineau (1896), Le
Qerge Canadien (do.), condemned at Rome and placed on the Index because of
the strong position which he took against the intervention of the priest in politi-
cal matters; L'Union de Deux Canadas 1841-67 (1898): Le Drapeau de Caril-
lon, a drama (1901) : Laurier et son Temps (1905) ; Histoire du Canada depuis
la Confederation; and Souvenirs et Biographies (1910). He has also lately
published biographies of Charles Le Moyne and of his illustrious sons, d'lber-
ville, de Bienville, etc. These biographies first appeared in La Presse but will
later be issued in book form. He has frequently addressed the public from the
platform on such important subjects as National Unity, .A Page of Canadian

386 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

History, etc.. and is recognized as one of Canada's most graceful and instruc-
tive writers as well as a much admired public speaker. The Toronto Club has
characterized him as "a man of line literary attainments and high views of
national life" and the Toronto News wrote of him, "a man of sincere and
enlightened views," excellent abilities and thoroughly informed upon pubhc
questions."

Mr. David was married in 1868 to .Mile. Albina Chenet, who died in July,
1887. In 1892 he wedded Mile. Ludivine Garceau. His children numbered one
son and nine daughters. Next to his home, he holds dear the public interests
and is prominently identified with the Society for the Protection of Women
and Children of the province of Quebec. He is deeply and helpfully interested
in all measures which seek the betterment of the community, and endeavors to
shape the public welfare according to the highest ideals. He is a fellow of the
Royal Society of Canada and a knight of the Legion of Honor of France,
having been appointed in 191 1. He has deep attachment for the institutions of
I'.is native land, and it has been said of him that "next to his love of Canada is
his love for the flag which protects him and his race in all that they hold dear
and precious." fie often gives expression to his admiration for the English
constitution and does not cease to repeat that it is the most perfect political
system of government made by man. He has membership in the Canadian Club
and in the Roman Catholic church. From early life he has been deeply interested
in the conservation of the I'rench language and customs, especially since the
opening of the Northwest, which event seemed to threaten the extinction of the
French-Canadians by foreign populations. Accordingly he associated himself
with St. Jean Piaptiste and other national societies, and it was as president of
St. Jean Baptiste Society that he labored to erect the Monument National.
Although considered a sincere patriot by his countrymen his patriotism is not
narrow, and he is always ready to admire what is done by other people for the
advancement and honor of their nationality. He often repeats that the exist-
ence of different nationalities in a country is an element of progress and civiliza-
tion and that Canada cannot but benefit liy the work along difterent lines of the
representatives of two of the greatest nations of the world : that tlie maintenance
of French nationality does not conflict with the kee]3ing of British institutions.
In his present position as city clerk of Montreal he has displayed admirable
fitness resulting from habits of precision and wide knowledge of the civic situa-
tion, combined with the courtesy, urbanity and quiet dignity which have ever
been among his marked characteristics. He has enjoyed widespread confidence
in this position, discharging his duties without regard to partisanship, and the
most malevolent have never dared to assail the integrity and honor of his course.
His utterances may stir to public thought and action and then, having accom-
plished their purpose, are in a measure forgotten. His position as an author,
however, is established for all time, and in this connection the Montreal Standard
has written :

".•\s a writer he has gained the highest distinction. Like Keats, he has an
instinct for fine words. As Goldwin Smith is in English, so Mr. David, among
F'rench-Canadians, is the most exquisite writer of his generation. Perhaos
the chief charm of his prose lies in its exceeding clarity, and clearness is the first
quality in a French writer. There is no man in Canada today who can .better

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 387

propound a syntlicsis; that also is a liiiiiiiious feature of his style. But for ele-
gance and clearness he has among his compatriots achieved a position of unique
pre-eminence."

ADRIEN LAFONTAINE.

Since the fall of 1912 Adrien Lafontaine has been engaged in law practice in
Montreal. His offices are located at No. 13 La Patrie building and he makes his
home at No. 1136 Gait street, town of St. Paul, Montreal. He was born in the
parish of St. Barthelemi, in the county of P>erthier, on the 30th of November,
1887, a son of Edmond and Marie Louise (Denis) Lafontaine, the father a well
known citizen of Montreal.

Adrien Lafontaine enjoyed a very thorough education. He attended the
Academy of St. Barthelemi and from the College of .^lontreal obtained the
degree of Bachelor of Letters in rhetoric and philosophy, studying there during
the years 1908 and 1909 with the heathers of St. Sulpice. He then entered I^val
University of Montreal, where he pursued his legal studies and from which he
graduated in 1912 as licentiate in law ( LL. L.). On the 9th of July, 1912, he
submitted to examinations before the chamber of notaries and was thereupon
received as a notary, establishing himself as a practicing lawyer on the 30th of
October, 1912. His excellent legal equipment gives promise of a distinguished
career.

Mr. Lafontaine is interested in a loan company and a mining company. He
has been a notary public since the 12th of July, 1912. On March i, 1913, he
joined the Independent Order of Foresters and has been elected to the office of
secretary-treasurer of the Prefontaine Court of that organization. Since October
I, 1912, he has been vice president of the Parish Circle of the town of St. Paul.
Mr. Lafontaine is prominent among the professional men of the city and has
many friends among the younger generation of lawyers. He has already succeeded
in gaining a great amount of confidence and good-will among the general public.

JAMES G. DAY.

James G. Day was born in Montreal, December 12, 1834. He had therefore
passed the seventy-second milestone on life's journey, when called to the home
beyond. He was one in a family of nine children, whose father, John J. Day, was
born in London, but came to Montreal and was one of the most active men of his
time in the city. He was particularly interested in all things pertaining to its
welfare and progress and his aid in public movements was of a beneficial character.

James G. Day was educated in Montreal and took the law course at McGill Uni-
versity. He was admitted to the bar in Montreal. He engaged in the practice of
his profession until 1866, when he was compelled to abandon it because of poor
health. After spending one year in the United States he returned to Alontreal and
became a member of the firm of Hutchins & Company, wholesale tea merchants.

388 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and there continued for a few years. He then engaged in the coal business until
his failing health caused him to seek a change. He then located at Troy, New
York, and there resumed the practice of law, so continuing until his death,
January 6, 1907.

It was while a resident of the United States that he was married in Bloom-
ington, Illinois, to Miss Ellen E. Lewis, a daughter of Dr. William Lewis, who
was an English Army surgeon and spent twenty years in the West Indies. He
was afterward stationed for a time at Halifax and subsequently removed to
Chicago, where he lived prior to establishing a home in Morris, Grundy county,
Illinois, where his remaining days were passed. He was very active in his pro-
fession, being recognized as an able and eminent medical practitioner.

Mr. and Mrs. Day had three sons: Dr. John L. Day, engaged in the practice
of his profession in Westmount ; Albert J. Day, who is with Greenshields & Com-
pany ; and Maurice Baldwin Day, acting manager of the Bourbonniere branch of
the Union Bank of Canada, at Montreal,

HENRY MILES,

Henry Miles in 1895 became one of the founders of the firm of Leemiiig,
Miles & Company of Montreal, importers and manufacturers of drugs, chemicals
and proprietary articles in the drug and grocery lines. He has since been an
active factor in the successful control of the business and to other fields of
activity has e.xtended his efforts with equally desirable results. He was born
in Lennoxville, F'. O., May 8, 1854. His father, the late Henry Hooper Miles,
D. C, L., LL. D., a well known historian and for twenty-five years vice prin-
cipal of Bishop's College at Lennoxville, afterward became secretary of the
Protestant section of the department of public instruction for the province.
He married Elizabeth Wilson, daughter of Dr. \Villiam Wilson, of Sherbrooke,
Quebec.

In the Lennoxville grammar school their son Henry ]\Iiles pursued his
preliminary education, which was supplemented by study in the high school of
Quebec and in the Laval Normal School of the same city. His early business
experience came to him through association with the firm of Lyman, Sons & Com-
pany, of which he became manager and managing partner, his association with
the house continuing from 1870 until 1895, when he separated his interests and
in the latter year organized the firm of Leeming, Miles & Company of Montreal
for the importation and manufacture of drugs, chemicals and proprietary articles
in both the drug and grocery lines. After continuing for a considerable period
as managing partner he was elected to the presidency of the company on incor-
poration. He is also engaged in the manufacture of medicines as proprietor of
a business conducted under the style of Dick & Company and he is puljlisher
and editor of the Montreal Pharniaceutical Journal. Even this does not compass
the extent of his business activity, for he is president of the National Hydro-
Electric Company, Ltd., and managing director of the Carillon Construction &
Development Company, Ltd.

HENRY MILES

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 391

Moreover, Mr. Miles is actively and heliifully interested in organizations for
the benefit of trade and business conditions. He is a member of the Chambre de
Commerce, was treasurer of the Alontreal Ijoard of Trade in 1897-98, was vice
]:)resident in 1899-1900 and in 1901 became president. The present magnificent
IJoard of Trade building stands as a monument to his energy. He is still an
active member of the organization, and since 1901 he has been president of the
.Montreal Business Men's League, which has been instrumental in effecting many
municipal and other reforms. He is likewise president of the Proprietary Articles
Trade Association of Canada, secretary-treasurer of the Montreal Industrial
E.xhibition Association and in 1900 was a delegate to the International Com-
mercial Congress at Philadelphia. In 1905 he was honorary treasurer of the
Hon. John Young Monument Committee. Aside from all these interests of a
semi-public character his activities have been salient features in tlie attainment
of success for other organizations and for the public good. He has lilled the
office of justice of the peace and is consul in Canada for Paraguay. He was one
of the founders of the Montreal Philharmonic Society and for a time was
director of Trinity church choir, both of which indicate his deep interest in music.
He represented the Montreal Board of Trade at the funeral of King Edward in
London, England, in May, 1910. Fraternally he is a Mason and an Odd Fellow,
in sympathy with the purposes of those organizations. His religious faith is
that of the Anglican church, and he was for many years warden of Trinity
ciiurch and the Church of St. James the Apostle. He has also been a member of
the synod. His political belief is that of the liberal party. He belongs to the
Canada, Montreal and Country Clubs, and those who meet him in these different
organizations find him a social, genial companion. He has been a thorough
and discriminating student of many questions that pertain to Canada and her
welfare, carrying his researches far and wide. In 1880 he was the author of
the Prize Questions in Canadian History, having won the first prize, and in 1900
he published an Address on Commercial Education, indicating deep insight into
and thorough knowledge of the question. He made the customs' tariff a special
study for years and has written much on that subject.

Mr. Miles was married in 1875 to Miss McGregor, of Montreal. Nature
endowed him with qualities, which developed through persistent energy and
laudable ambition, have brought him into prominent relations. Inheriting the
strong intellectual force of worthy ancestry, he has developed his talents and
his powers not only in the control and enlargement of important business interests,
but also along lines in which the general public has been the beneficiary.

REV. DAVID BENSON ROGERS.

Rev. David Benson Rogers, since 191 1 rector of St. Luke's Episcopal Church,
Montreal, was born in Watford, Ontario, and is a son of John B. Rogers of that
city. He acquired his preliminary education in the public schools there and after
graduating from the Watford high school entered McGill University from
which he was graduated with the degree of B. A. and with first class honors in
mental and moral philosophy, in 1906. Continuing his studies he received the

392 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

degree of M. A. in 1909 and in the same year that of Licentiate in Theology from
the Montreal Diocesan Theological College. He was made deacon in the Episcopal
church in 1908 and received full orders in 1909 and in the former year was
appointed assistant in Grace church, Montreal. In this position he did sincere
and earnest work until 191 1 when his ability and zeal were recognized in his
appointment as rector of St. Luke's church. He possesses true religious zeal, is
earnest, God-fearing and unostentatious in the discharge of his duties and has
already accomplished a great deal of consecrated work among his people whose
love he holds in large measure. He is moreover a man of initiative spirit and
administrative ability, and under his able management the business affairs of the
church have been carried forward in an orderly and systematic manner.

On the 19th of April, 191 1, Mr. Rogers was united in marriage to Miss
Florence Ethel Hurd, eldest daughter of Henry Hurd of Montreal. Mr. Rogers
is widely and favorably known in Montreal among his own people and among
those of all denominations, and his influence is felt as a potent force in the moral
development of the community. The doctrines which he professes he consistently
practices, and at all times his life has been actuated by high and honorable pur-
poses and characterized by kindly actions and consideration for others. He
realizes fully the obligations which devolve upon him and finds it a privilege to
bring his fellowmen to a knowledge of truth and an understanding of those
principles of life which bring men into more harmonious relations with the divine
law.

CHARLES H. MAGUIRE.

Charles H. Maguire, who figured prominently in insurance circles in Montreal,
was born in Quebec in 1858 and died at The Glade, Boisbrand, province of Quebec,
July 31, 1907. His father was Hon. Judge Maguire of the superior court of
Quebec, a very able and distinguished citizen and jurist, who was laorn April 15,
1810, and died July 5, 1880. He married Miss Frances Horan, also of Quebec.

Their son, Charles H. Maguire, was educated in the seminary of that city
and for a few years was connected with the bank there, thus receiving his initial
business training. About 1897 he came to Montreal and engaged in the insurance
business as a member of the firm of Esinhart & Maguire, which succeeded the late
Walter Kavanagh as chief agents for the Scottish Union & the National Insur-
ance Company of Edinburgh. They also became chief agents for the German-
American and the Rochester German Insurance Company, conducting an insurance
business of large proportions, his name becoming a synonym for successful
achievements in insurance circles.

Mr. Maguire was also active in interests of the city and his devotion to the
public welfare was manifest in many tangible ways. He was fond of outdoor
sports, especially those of an aquatic character. He always adhered to the religious
faith in which he was reared — that of the Catholic church.

Mr. Maguire was married twice. In Quebec he wedded Miss Mountain,
who is survived by two children : Eustace J. Maguire, now living in Denver.
Colorado; and Sister Mary of the Annunciation, of the Congregation of Notre

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 393

Daiiic. In Montreal, in 1904, Mr. Maguirc wedded Henrietta Kavanagli, a
daughter of Henry Kavanagli, who was born in Carlow, Ireland and came to
Montreal in 1838.

LOUIS J. LORANGER, LL. D., K. C.

Louis J. Loranger, a man distinguished by scholarly attainments and a wide
knowledge of commercial law, is practicing at the .Montreal bar as the senior
partner in the tirm of Loranger, Loranger & Prud'homme. Born on the 22d of
September, 1870, the eldest son of Hon. Louis Quesime and Marie Aiuie
Rosalie ( Lafranboise) Loranger, of whom more extended mention is made else-
where in this work, in the city which is still his place of residence, he has here
since remained, and the record of his progress is a familiar one to many of his
contemporaries, who recognize the fact that native talent well developed and
opportunities carefully improved have brought him to his present creditable posi-
tion as a representative of the legal profession. He was a student in St. Mary's
College of Montreal and afterward in Laval University, from which he received
the degrees of B. A. and M. L. A., a special examination later bringing him the
LL. D. degree. He was called to the bar on the roth of January, 1894, and for
eighteen years was a partner of Mr. Justice Beaudin. Their practice was exten-
sive and of a most important character. His present position as legal adviser to
La Chambre de Commerce and to the Citizens' Association and the Association
of Architects indicates his rank among the foremost members of the Montreal
bar. He is also vice president of the International Law Association and a mem-
ber of the council of the bar. He was made a king's counsel in 1910.

Mr. Loranger is a conservative in politics and is president of La Jeunesse
Conservative. He belongs to the Conservative Club, Le Club Cartier, the Union
Catholique and L'Alliance Nationale. The name is today an honored one in legal
circles not only in Canada but throughout America, for he has a wide acquaint-
ance among the eminent representatives of the bar south of the border.

WALTER KLWANAGH.

Walter Kavanagh was one of the best known representatives of insurance
interests in Canada. For a quarter of a century he had been chief agent for the
Scottish Union & National Insurance Company, for which he did a large busi-
ness. He also held the chief agency of the German-American company and
recently had been appointed to the same position with the Rochester German
Insurance Company.

Mr. Kavanagh was of Irish extraction, of which he gave evidence in his
brightness, warmth of heart, geniality and lively wit, which will long be remem-
bered by those who were his social associates. As an insurance agent he was
full of energy, aggressive, and thoroughly in earnest in promoting the interests of
the companies he represented. It is but natural that such success as attended the

394 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

efforts of Air. Kavanagh should have created heart burnings in those who had not
the abiHty to reach his plane in the insurance world, and that his position should
have been at times jealously envied it is superfluous to mention, for there were
many who tried to emulate his success and many who sought to rival his popu-
larity. Mr. Kavanagh died November 22, 1905.

FRANCIS WOLFERSTAN THOMAS.

The world has little use for a misanthrope. The worth of the individual is
largely judged by what he has accomplished in behalf of his fellowmen and, as
a modern philosopher has put it : "Not the good that comes to us but the good
that comes to the world through us is the measure of our success." Judged
by this standard Francis Wolferstan Thomas was a most successful man. .A.long
strictly business lines, too, his advancement was continuous until he stood among
the prominent representatives of banking interests in the country, the growth
and development of The Molson's Bank of Montreal being attributable in large
measure to his efforts and sound business judgment. He was born at Moor-
winstow, Cornwall, England, January 9, 1834, and was educated at King Edward
\ I School in Sherburne, Dorsetshire. It was the family wish that he should
enter the priesthood of the Anglican church ; and later he was intended for the
army, but before a commission was procured he came to Canada', arriving here
in October, 1851. He came of ancestry honorable and distinguished. His
paternal grandfather was the Rev. Thomas Thomas, a fellow of Oxford and
vicar of Tidenham in Gloucestershire. He married Elizabeth Wolferstan, of
Ilartland, Devon, and their family included Rev. Francis Wolferstan Thomas,
who became rector of Parkham, North Devon. He married a lady of the ancient
and important family of Shearrue, whose seat is at Woodlands, Cornwall. They
were the parents of Francis Wolferstan Thomas.

The latter came to Canada with the intention of following agricuhural pur-
suits, but gave up that plan and turned his attention to engineering, securing
temporary employment with the Grand Trunk Railway Company. Soon after-
ward, however, he sought other employment and his native talents and training
gained him recognition in appointment to a position in the Bank of Upper Canada.
A year later James Stevenson, the cashier of the Quebec Bank, who was then
managing the Bank of Montreal, offered Mr. Thomas a position, which he
accepted. He was afterward rapidly promoted in recognition of his aljility and
the rapidity with which he mastered the various phases of the banking business,
until in 1865 he was appointed manager of the London branch of the bank in
western Canada. In 1870 the position of cashier in Molson's Rank was offered
him and after carefully considering tlie subject of making a change he at length
accepted, and the continuous growth and development of the bank from that
time imtil his death testified to his ability, resourcefulness and initiative. He
occupied a commanding position in I)anking circles, his opinions lieing largely
accepted as authority upon all vital questions of the financial world of Canada.
He was also a director of the Canadian Life .\ssurance Company. His high
standing among the financiers of the country is indicated in the fact ■ that in

F. \V(.»l,l'i;i!STAX TIKI.MAS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 3!)7

1896 he was honored with the presidency of the Dominion Bankers Associa-
tion, and he was also a member of the council of the Montreal Board of Trade
and chairman of the bankers' branch of the Board of Trade. He was likewise
a director of the Montreal Cemetery Company.

In 1861 Mr. Thomas was married to Harriet Amelia Goodhue, a native of
London, Ontario, and third daughter of the late Hon. George Jarvis Goodhue,
M. L. C, and a representative of one of the distinguished families of Salem,
Massachusetts. Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Thomas, of whom four
are living. Mrs. Thomas ably seconded her husband in his many philanthropic
and beneficent eiTorts. She has served as manager of the Ladies' Benevolent
Society for thirty- four years and was its treasurer for nineteen years; she was
first directress of the Mackay Institute for Protestant Deaf Mutes and the
Blind ; first directress of the Church Home ; and president of the Montreal .School
of Cookery, founded by the Princess Louise. Both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas held
membership in the Church of England. Probably no other man in the city led
such an active and useful life in respect to charities and public movements having
to do with the upbuilding and welfare of Montreal. For years he was a promi-
nent member of the Good Government Association. He was also a director
of the Art Association and was a member of the council of the Board of Arts
and Manufactures. No good work done in the name of charity or religion
ever sought his aid in vain. He was a member of the committee of managers
of the Montreal General Hospital and of the St. John's Ambulance Associa-
tion, and thus he reached out in helpful spirit toward the unfortunate. He was
treasurer of the Church Home, treasurer of the Protestant Hospital for the
Insane, treasurer of the Andrews Home, treasurer of the Murray Bay Con-
valescent Home, president of the Mackay Institute for Protestant Deaf Mutes
and the Blind, and vice president of the Canadian Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to x\nimals. In 1894 he was elected president of the Montreal General
Hospital and the following year was chosen president of the St. George Society.
He was for many years an exemplary representative of the Masonic fraternity
and was district deputy grandmaster of the London district. One of his most
successful accomplishments was the erection of the Montreal General Hospital
Jubilee Training Home for Nurses in 1897. While eminently successful in
business, he regarded his banking interests as but one phase of life, and it
never was allowed to overshadow his duties to his fellowmen. It would be more
just to say that it was a deep interest in mankind rather than a sense of duty
that prompted his active support of and cooperation in the many movements
with which he became allied — movements which seek to ameliorate the hard con-
ditions of life for the unfortunate, to advance the interests of science, to promote
civilization and uplift mankind.

Mr. Thomas passed away on May 18, 1900, and the Montreal Star in an
editorial said: "In mourning the death of Mr. F. Wolferstan Thomas, Montreal
sorrows for the loss of one of her most prominent and useful citizens. A suc-
cessful banker Mr. Thomas was, as the growth of Molson's Bank under his
guidance shows ; but he was more than that. He was a citizen in the fullest sense
of that much abused word. At every point he bore the duties that attach to
citizenship duties, that far too many busy men neglect. Then he was a phil-
anthropist, as his long and valuable services in connection with the General

398 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Hospital, the Mackay Institute and the other establishments founded for the
succor of the sick and suffering abundantly demonstrate. The mere list of the
associations for the good of his fellowmen with which he was actively con-
nected, make up a long paragraph. As his sympathies enrolled him among the
forces which ease the grind of life for the unfortunate, so his stanch integrity
and keen judgment classed him with those who made for honest government and
just laws.

"His influence for good — both the good that smiles in charity and the good
that is stern against aggression — will be missed in the community; as his tall
straight figure will be missed from the streets and from such assemblies of citi-
zens as gather for deeds of brotherhood and public benefit."

REV. JOHN C. BROPHY.

Rev. John C. Brophy, pastor of St. Agnes' Catholic church in Montreal,
exemplifies in his beneficial, upright and useful life the high ideals of the priest-
hood he represents and has become a force in the spread of Catholic doctrines and
the promotion of Catholic education among the people of the city.

St. Agnes' parish was organized in 1905 of English-speaking people, and the
services were held first in a room in St. John Baptist church. Later the congrega-
tion, which has grown continually since the foundation of the parish, gathered
in a hall in St. John Baptist Market where they listened to the wise counsel of
the founder and first parish priest, Rev. W. J. Casey. He died May 13, 1912,
and was succeeded by Rev. John C. Brophy, the present incumbent, who has proved
a worthy follower in his footsteps. Father Brophy has about five hundred Cath-
olic families under his charge and has already accomplished excellent work among
them, holding their love and respect in large measure. He has taken a great inter-
est in the cause of Catholic education and has carried forward the work along this
line, begim by his predecessor, by his able superintendence of the Olier School
for boys, and the Sacred Heart Academy for girls. This latter institution is under
the direction of the sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary.

Father Brophy's life has been one of earnest and consecrated usefulness, for
he constantly exemplifies in his actions the high doctrines in which he believes. A
man of good business ability, he has proved an excellent administrator of the
business affairs of his parish, and his example of spiritual attainment and self-
sacrificing labor may well serve as an inspiration to his people.

THOMAS CAMPBELL BULMER.

The attractive .suburb of Westmount is largely the monument to the business
enterprise and progressive methods of Thomas Campbell Bulmer, now deceased,
who was almost a lifelong resident of Montreal, and for a long period an active
factor in its business circles. He was born at Three Rivers, Quebec, in 1846, and
was educated in the public schools there and in Montreal, being brought. to the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 399

latter city when a youth of ten years by his father, Thomas Bulmer, who was a
native of Yorkshire, England, and on coming to Canada settled at Three Rivers,
but in 1856 removed to Montreal, where for many years he was active as a con-
tractor and builder. He married Anna Phoebe Fearon, also a native of England.

When his school days were over, Thomas Campbell Bulmer served an appren-
ticeship to the book binding trade, became proficient as a workman and in 1868
joined Henry Morton and Charles Phillips in a partnership under the style of
Morton, Phillips & Bulmer. The business developed and grew until the firm
occupied a prominent position among stationers, blank book makers and printers.
A few years prior to his death Mr. Bulmer withdrew from that connection, in
which he had realized a handsome profit, to engage in the real-estate business at
Westmount. He was recognized as the father of that beautiful suburb, having
been one of the first men to foresee the value of that section as a residential dis-
trict. He was actively engaged to the time of his death in its improvement,
development and upbuilding and made it one of the beautiful suljurhan districts
of Montreal.

Mr. Bulmer passed away on April 7, 1902. For many years he had been an
exemplary representative of the Masonic fraternity and had been equally faith-
ful as a member of the Anglican church. Sterling motives and high principles
guided hirn in all of his relations and made him an upright man, so that he left
behind him not only the substantial rewards of earnest, persistent labor, but also
that good name which is to be chosen in preference to great riches.

NAPOLEON GIROUX.

Napoleon Giroux, a native of Montreal, where he was born August 12, 1863,
is a successful merchant of this city, where he has also other property interests.
He conducts a book and stationery store, which he owns. He is a son of Carolus
and Mary (Hayes) Giroux, the former a carpenter-contractor.

Napoleon Giroux received his education in the Jesuit College and the Uni-
versity of Ottawa. Pie chose the book-selling line as his life vocation and became
a clerk in an establishment of that character. He later made himself independent
and now owns one of the most profitable stores in the city of this character.

On the 13th of October, 1884, Mr. Giroux was married in Montreal to Miss
Rose Anna Galipeau, a daughter of Louis and Vitaline (Gariepy) Galipeau, the
former a contractor-builder. Mr. and Mrs. Giroux have five children : Charle-
magne; Albina, who married Joseph Casgrain ; Eva; Emile, who married Miss
Juliette Jalbert ; and Hubert. Both Mr. and Mrs. Girou.x are popular in social
circles of the city. The former is public-spirited and has always taken a deep
interest in municipal aftairs. public honors having come to him in his election to
the oftice of alderman of the city of Montreal, in which capacity he has served
since 1902. Both he and his family are devout communicants of the Catholic
church. He is president of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul of the parish of St.
Pierre and also belongs to the Cercle St. Pierre. The success which Mr. Giroux
has achieved as a bookseller must be ascribed to his discriminating taste as a man
of letters. His excellent education has well prepared him for carefully selecting

400 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

his stock of books, and his gracious and kindly demeanor to his patrons is con-
tinually adding to the list of his satisfied customers. .Mr. Giroux has widened his
views upon life and enhanced his classical education by extensive travels, having
visited Europe on various occasions.

JOSEPH EMILE VANIER.

In the ranks of civil engineers and architects of Montreal Joseph Emile
Vanier has constantly forced his way to the front until he is today widely and
favorably known as a specialist in municipal engineering and architecture. He
was born at Terrebonne, P. Q., January 20, 1858, a son of the late Emilien and
Lucie (Soucy) Vanier, the former at one time a produce merchant of Alontreal.
In his youth Joseph Emile Vanier became a pupil in the Jacques Cartier normal
school and attended successively the Commercial Academy and the Polytechnic
School of Montreal, a department of Laval University. He was graduated there-
from with honors with the class of 1877, and entered upon the practice of his
profession in which he has since continued, making a specialty of municipal
engineering and architecture. He has given special attention to public engineering
projects in the cities and towns surrounding Montreal and has been retained as
expert engineer by the Dominion and Quebec governments. He is secretary for
the Architects Association of Quebec, and he designed the Ne^w Polytechnic
School of Montreal in 1904. He was elected president of the Montreal Polytechnic
School Association in 19 10. He is a member of the Society of Civil Engineers, a
member of the Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France and a member of the
society of Architects of the Province of Quebec.

The Montreal Gazette says that Mr. Vanier has ever been "a credit to his
province." He believes in "Canada for the Canadians," and this has been the
policy upon which he has worked in behalf of public interests. His religious faith
is that of the Roman Catholic church. He maintains his residence in Montreal in
the winter seasons and has a summer home, Beauverger, at Ste. Rose, P. Q. In
club and sporting circles he is also well known. He belongs to Club Canadien,
Club Lafontaine, the Fish and Game Club, the Engineers Club and the Automobile
and Aero Club of Montreal.

PIERRE LOUIS DUPUIS.

Among the recent additions to the Montreal bar is Pierre Louis Dupuis, who
has already gained a reputation which many an older practitioner of law might
well envy. Tie was born in the parish of La Longue Pointe on the 3d of Septem-
ber, 1S87, a son of Louis Napoleon Dupuis, former merchant, one of the
founders of Dupuis Freres, Limited, and for some time controller of the city
of Montreal. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Melanie Levesque. was
a daughter of the late Pierre Thomas Levesque, whose ancestors rendered

riERRE L. DIITIS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 403

valuable services to the province and Dominion in judicial and legislative
capacities.

In the acquirement of his education, Pierre Louis Dupuis pursued a classical
course at L'Assomption College, which he attended from 1900 until i<jo8, winning
tlie r.achelor of Arts degree in thai institution. He took up the study of law
in Laval University, which he attended from 1908 until his graduation on the
26th of June, 191 1, with the LL. L. degree. On the 4th of iVugust, 191 1, he was
admitted to the bar.

Llis commercial course was pursued in Eastman's Business College at Pough-
keepsie, New York, during the meantime, and he was graduated with honors from
the institution on the 30th of September, 1910.

Before locating permanently in Montreal, for the practice of his profession,
Mr. Dupuis took an extended European trip, having previously traveled e.xten-
sively in both Canada and the United States. He entered upon the active prac-
tice of his profession in January, 1912. Most liberal educational opportunities
had been his and added to his knowledge is laudable ambition and unfaltering
determination, qualities which are building up for him a large and gratifying
practice. At the beginning of his professional career in January, 1912, he became
junior partner of the law firm of Dussault, Mercier & Dupuis, recognized as one
of the strong law firms of the city. In addition Mr. Dupuis is connected with
many financial interests and his judgment in business as well as professional
interests is sound and discriminating.

In politics Mr. Dupuis is a conservative, well informed on significant and
vital problems. He belongs to the Catholic church, the Knights of Columbus,
the Canadian Club and the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association — associations
which indicate the nature of his interests and his recreation and the principles
which govern his conduct.

On the 15th of January, 1913, Mr. Dupuis was married, at St. Benoit, in the
county of Two Mountains, to Miss Carmel Girouard, a daughter of Joseph
Girouard, a notary and ex-deputy of Two Mountains, who is a conservative
leader of that district. The Girouards are of the earliest and most prominent
French families of the province. Mr. Dupuis has one son, Rene, born October
9. I9I3.

ALFRED HAWKSWORTH.

A spirit of business enterprise and laudable ambition advanced Alfred
Hawksworth to an enviable position among the manufacturers of Montreal where
the latter years of his life were passed. In the course of an active career he
learned to discriminate readily between the essential and nonessential and utilizing
the former and discarding the latter he met success in his undertakings. He was,
at the time of his death at the head of the firm of Alfred Hawksworth & Sons,
Limited.

He was born on the 9th of October, 1846, at Glossop, Derbyshire, England, a

son of Samuel Hawksworth. who. always remained a resident of England. In

early manhood Alfred Hawksworth crossed the Atlantic to the United States
Vol. ni— 18

404 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and settled at Lonsdale, Rhode Island, where he was employed in connection with
the cotton mills of that place. Subsequently he removed to Concord, Massa-
chusetts, and was made overseer of Daymen & Smith's cotton mill. His expand-
ing powers and growing ability later lead to his appointment to the responsible
position of manager of the largest cotton mill at Manville, Rhode Island, and
during his residence there he invented a loom for the weaving of velvet and plush.
At different times he was in charge of cotton mills at New Bedford and New-
bur}-port, Massachusetts, and Pawtucket, Providence, and Pontiac, Rhode Island,
being thus identified with some of the largest manufacturing interests of that
class in New England, while in Pontiac he was for eight years superintendent
of the cotton mills of B. B. & R. Knight, and by reason of his responsible position,
was accounted one of the foremost business men of that place. He also became
an important factor in the public life of the community, being greatly interested in
everything that pertained to the general welfare. He sought earnestly and
effectively to improve roads, schools and libraries and in fact to advance any
measure relative to the public good.

On the 19th of March, 1895, Mr. Hawksworth arrived in Montreal, becoming
manager of the Merchants cotton mills at St. Henri, now a part of the plant of
the Dominion Textile Company, Limited.

About eight years prior to his death he resigned that position and established
the mill supply house of Alfred Hawksworth & Sons, Limited, which was incor-
porated in 1905 and is still one of the important productive industries of Mon-
treal. The business from its inception proved a profitable one and under
the careful guidance of its founder, developed into one of the large enterprises of
this character in Canada. Mr. Hawksworth, through long experience, was
familiar with every phase of the manufacture of cotton goods and knew the needs
relative thereto, his mill supply house being an outgrowth of his experience and
knowledge.

While living in Lonsdale, Rhode Island, in June, 1871, Mr. Hawksworth was
united in marriage to Miss Esther A. Moss, a daughter of Edward Moss of that
place, and they became the parents of a daughter and five sons : Fred, of Mon-
treal ; Edward, who is connected with the Hawksworth & Sons Company, Limited ;
Harry, who is vice president of that company: Walter L., who is secretary -treas-
urer, and also assistant manager of the supply house; and Lester A. The daugh-
ter. Miss Alice M. Hawksworth, is at home with her mother.

Mr. Hawksworth joined the Masonic fraternity in Concord. Massachusetts,
in 1870, and in June, 1903. was made a life member of the ]\Iount Moriah Lodge,
No. 8, F. & A. M., of Limerock, Rhode Island. He was also made an honorary
member of Mount Moriah Club at Limerock and in Masonry he attained the
Knights Templar degree. He was a communicant in St. Simon's church in Mon-
treal and his entire life was actuated by high and honorable purposes and manly
principles. He was a great reader, possessing scholarly taste and his private library
contained three thousand volumes with the contents of which he was largely
familiar, spending many of his pleasant hours in close association with men of
master minds within the four walls of his library.

Mr. Hawksw-orth could truly be called a self-made man — a title of which
he had every reason to be proud. It indicated not only his substantial success in
business, but also his intellectual growth and progress. Along the former line he

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 405

possessed notable ability in coordinating force and unifying elements into a har-
monious whole. More than his success, the hreadtii of his mind and character com-
manded respect and endeared him to those with whom he came in contact. In
his leisure hours he was always to be found at his own fireside or in those circles
where intelligent men were wont to meet in discussion of vital problems, and
when he passed away on the i6th of February, 1913, a feeling of deep regret was
manifested by all of his associates, for his genuine worth had given him firm hold
upon the affections of those with whom he was brought in contact.

THOMAS BASSETT MACAULAY.

Thomas Bassett Macaulay, actuary and well known in insurance circles, not
only in Montreal but throughout Canada and the United States, has aside from
his business affairs led a life of intense and well directed activity, being identified
with various organized movements which have to do with the promotion of moral
progress or which seek to alleviate hard conditions of life for the unfortunate.

Mr. Macaulay is a native of the province of Ontario, having been born in
Hamilton on the 6th of June, i860, a son of Robertson and Barbara Maria (Reid)
Macaulay. After pursuing his early education in Hamilton he continued his
studies in Montreal and made his initial step in the business world in the service
of the Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada at Alontreal in October, 1877.
He bent every energy to the mastery of the duties intrusted to him and the recog-
nition of his ability and faithfulness came to him in promotion.- In 1880 he was
appointed actuary and in 1891 was made secretary of the company. In i8g8 he
was elected a director and in 1906 became managing director of a corporation that
is acknowledged to be one of the strongest and most reliable insurance companies
of the world. By examination he became a fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of
Great Britain and is now supervisor at Montreal in connection with examinations
of the institute. He is a charter member of the Actuarial Society of America and
was honored with election to its presidency in 1899 and in 1901, while he is now a
life member of its council. He has indeed a wide reputation in his profession and
extended acquaintance. He is a member of the Royal Statistical Society of Eng-
land, a corresponding member of the Institute des Actuaires Francaises de France
and in 1895 was again a delegate to the International Commerce of Actuaries in
Brussels, and again in 1898 in London and in 1900 in Paris. At the last mentioned
he was elected vice president to represent both the United States and Canada.
He was also elected vice president of the International Actuaries Association in
1906.

Important and responsible are the duties which ha\e come to Mr. Macaulay
with his developing powers, and he finds rest and recreation therefrom in his
interests in farming and stock-raising. He has valuable farming property at Hud-
son Heights, Quebec. He also has other business connections, being a director
of the Illinois Traction Company, of the National Trust Company and of the
Dominion Glass Company. He is likewise actively interested in organizations
having to do with the public welfare, being a governor of the Montreal General
Hospital. He is likewise a governor of the Congregational College of Canada

406 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

which is indicative of his church relationship. In 191 1 he was elected president
of the Congregational Union of Canada. The same year he was elected president
of the Canadian and West Indian League. He is a careful student of all the vital
problems and questions of the age and fearlessly he pronounces his opinions yet
is never aggressive. He favors the imposition of a moderate import duty by the
United Kingdom and colonies to be kept distinct from local duties and to be
applied to imperial defence.

In 1881, Mr. Macaulay was married to Miss Henrietta M. L. Bragg, who died
in 1910. She was the daughter of the late Oliver Bragg, M. D., and a step-
daughter of the Rev. J. Lawson Forster, D. D., of London, England. In 191 2 he
married Miss Margaret Allen, a daughter of the late Rev. William Allen of
London, England. Many have expressed the opinion that he should take a more
active part in public life for his qualifications are such as would make him a
powerful factor in the discussion of important questions. He is an agreeable
speaker, clear, fluent and forceful, and he has the ability of instructing while enter-
taining. It would be difficult to mention the line along which his usefulness has
been greatest for he has accomplished much in various connections, and his work
lias ever been an influencing factor on the side of reform, progress, improvement
and right.

THE BAGG FAMILY.

The Bagg family is one of the oldest English families on the island of Mon-
treal and one whose members have been foremost in social, financial, religious,
political and military circles for the past century, or since the arrival of the
first representative of the name, Stanley Bagg, Esq., who was born in County
Durham, England, where this branch of the family possessed large landed
•estates. In Canada for the past three-quarters of a century such men as Lieu-
tenant Colonel Stanley Clark Bagg, scholar, financier and philanthropist, and his
son, the late Robert Stanley Bagg, a worthy son of an honored sire, have placed
the name on a high plane.

Stanley Bagg, Esq., the first of this family to settle in Montreal, was born in
England in 1786 and died at Fairmount, the family residence on Sherhrooke
street, October 31, 1853, aged sixty-seven years. He left to his son, Stanley
■Clark Bagg, large landed estates in Montreal and County Durham, England.
Lieutenant Colonel Stanley Clark Bagg, son of Stanley and Mary Ann (Clark)
Bagg, was born at the manor house in Montreal on December 23, 1820. He
studied law and afterwards took up the notarial profession, which he practiced
successfully for a number of years but abandoned it in order to give his atten-
tion to the management of estates which he inherited from his grandfather, as
well as a freehold property in County Durham, England. He was at one time the
largest landholder on the island of Montreal, gave many streets and squares to
the city and made very substantial benefactions to the citizens. He was an hon-
orary member of the Montreal Field Battery and Artillery and of the Light
Infantry, and his name figured in connection with public office through ai)i)oint-
mcnt to the jiosition of one of Her Majesty's justices of the peace in 1839, after

EGBERT STAXIJOV l'.A(i(;

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 409

which he performed judicial duties fur a time. In 1865 he was solicited to
become mayor of Alontreal but declined the proffered honor. In politics he was
a conservative but without political amljition, refusing nomination for a seat ia
parliament. He was, however, a deep student of the questions of the times,
wrote largely for the press and his writings were received warmly in both
England and America. He was greatly interested in philanthropic projects
and in efforts to promote intellectual progress. He became one of the founders
and the first president of the English Workingmen's Benefit Society, was one
of the founders of the Antic|uarian and Numismatic Society, which honored
him with its presidency, and a life member of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science. He also belonged to the Cathedral Young Men's
Christian Association, the Natural History Society and the Mechanics Institute.
His activities had their root in principles inculcated by the Church of England
and he was a devoted member of Christ Church Cathedral. He married Miss
Catharine Alitcheson, a daughter of Robert and Frances (^MacGregor) Mitch-
eson, natives of England and Scotland respectively, and died at his residence,
"Fairmount," in Montreal, August 8, 1873.

Robert Stanley Bagg, son of Lieutenant Colonel Stanley Qark and Catharine
(Mitcheson) Bagg, and the head of the family in the third generation in this
country, was born at the manor house in Montreal in July, 1848, and was
educated in the Montreal high school and McGill University, from which he
graduated, after which he proceeded to England to complete his studies. On his
return to Canada he was called to the bar of Montreal but never practiced law
extensively, although he formed a partnership with Donald IMacmaster, now a
member of parliament. At his father's death, however, the management of the
largest landed estate on the island devolved upon him, so that he abandoned the
active practice of the legal profession.

Much of his time and energy was also given to public life and he was consid-
ered a powerful platform orator. In 1896 he was nominated for the St. Law-
rence division seat in the house of commons, but resigned for political reasons.
His father. Lieutenant Colonel Bagg, was a tory and a personal friend of the
late Sir John A. Macdonald, and it was natural that the son should espouse early
in life the conservative cause. He was frequently heard on the platform in sup-
port of principles of the party, being known as a stanch conservative both in
and out of power, while at one time he was president of the Liberal-Conservative
Club, giving a great deal of his time to the work of organizing as well as to public
discussion. He was well known among the French Canadian people and spoke
their language almost as fluently as his mother tongiie. Mr. Bagg was mentioned
several times as the party candidate in the federal contests, but the house of
commons had no attraction for him. He was known personally to all the party
leaders from the time of Macdonald down to the present day. Like his father,
he was a most generous supporter of charities and benevolent projects, and he
was a governor and benefactor of the Montreal General Hospital and the Mon-
treal Dispensary. He was likewise a member of almost every social and sport-
ing club on the island of Montreal ; was a splendid horseman and a good soldier,
being at one time commanding officer in the Fifth Royal Scots, taking part in
the quelling of the Quebec riots and doing much active military duty.

410 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Bagg had been ailing for several months, but the call came unexpectedly
and he died July 22, 1912, at Kennebunk Port, Maine, where he was spending the
summer, as was his custom. In his passing Montreal lost one of its foremost
citizens, a most prominent representative of one of the old English families, and
a man of distinction to whom opportunity meant activity, and who in all of his
business and social relations maintained a position that reflected credit and honor
upon an honored family name. His life was not self-centered but reached out
along broadening lines for the benefit of his fellowmen and of his city, where
the family has so long been well known in the best social circles.

Mr. Bagg was married in 1882 to Miss Clara Smithers, a daughter of the
late Charles F. Smithers, president of the Bank of Montreal, and to them were
born three children, Evelyn St. Claire Stanley, Gwendolen Katherine Stanley
and Harold Stanley.

Evelyn St. Claire Stanley Bagg was married on the 26th of October, 1910,
to Huntly Ward Davis, an architect of Montreal, and they have one daughter,
Evelyn Clare Ward Davis, who is of the fifth generation of the family in Canada.

SERAPHIN OUIMET.

Seraphin Ouimet, member of the civil engineering firm of Ouimet & Lesage,
connected with important municipal and railroad work in Montreal dnd in various
other sections of the province and Dominion, was born October 8, 1879, in Ste.
Rose, in the county of Laval, P. Q. The earliest record of the Ouimet family
in this province is of Jean Ouimet, who was born in 1634 and died on the 19th of
November, 1687, at Ste. Famille. He married Renee Gagnon about 1660 and their
son, Louis Ouimet, who was one of nine children, was married February 3, 1693,
at Ste. Famille to Marie Anne Genest, by whom he had thirteen children. Anselme
Ouimet, father of Seraphin Ouimet, was born at St. Francois de Sales, about
1840 and married Emelie Gauthier, who was born in Montreal about 1850. Their
son, Seraphin Ouimet, attended school in his native town of Ste. Rose and after-
ward pursued a classical course at Ste. Therese in the county of Terrebonne,
where he remained for seven years and was leader of his class, and where he
gained his B. C. es Lettres. Later he became a student in the Polytechnic school at
Laval. He passed his e.xamination with distinction, graduating June 10, 1904,
with the degree of B. C. es Sciences. He next engaged with the dominion gov-
ernment as superintendent of Marconi stations on the Gulf, having charge of
five stations. He continued in that position for one season and was a])i)ointed
assistant engineer of the Georgian Bay Ship Canal survey. After four months
in that position he was promoted to first assistant and two months later to chief,
lie continued for eighteen months in that capacity, rendering efficient, capable and
acceptable service until, desiring to engage in the private practice of his profession,
he opened an office in Montreal. He i)assed his examination as Quebec land
surveyor on June 17, 1908, before the l)oard of the Queliec Land .Surveyors Asso-
ciation. For a year he was associated with James II. Parent, at the close of which
time he entered into partnership with Royal Lesage and has since continued under
the firm name of Ouimet & Lesage. Their clientage has steadily increased in the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 411

interim and their work today extends largely over the province, including many
contracts for municipal engineering and railroad work. They have been connected
with the building of a branch of the Transcontinental, extending from Montreal
and have acted as experts for municipal civil engineering projects in connection
with important work for electric and other companies. They employ over twenty
men, and the business is one of growing importance. Mr. Ouimet is recognized as
a clever, energetic and successful representative of his profession, widely known
and highly respected. His ability, close study and developing powers have gained
him wider and wider recognition until he stands today as one of the able repre-
sentatives of the profession in Montreal.

DUNCAN CAMPBELL M.\cCALLUM, M. D., M. R. C. S.

Distinguished honors came to Duncan Campbell MacCallum, ^L D., in rec-
ognition of his marked ability as a medical practitioner, educator and author
He was in the vanguard of those men to whom science revealed in consider
able measure her secrets, his wide research and investigation giving him i)lacL
with the most eminent of the Canadians connected with the medical profession.
He was a fellow of the Obstetrical .Society of London, a foundation fellow of the
British Gynecological .Society and professor emeritus of McGill University. He
was born at lie aux Noi.x, in the province of Quebec, on the 12th of Novem-
ber, 1825, and died November 13, 1904. He came of pure Scotch ancestry, his par-
ents being John and Mary (Cami)I:)ell ) MacCallum. His maternal grandfather,
Malcolm Campbell, of Killin, was a near kinsman, through Lochiel Cameron, of
the Earl of Breadalbane.

Dr. MacCallum's early professional training was received in McGill Univer-
sity, from which he was graduated M. D. in 1850. He then proceeded to Great
Britain and studied in London, Edinburgh and Dublin, pursuing post-graduate
courses in all three cities. Upon examination he was admitted to the Royal Col-
lege of Surgeons in England in 1851 and his jireliminary training was so thor-
ough and comprehensive as to place him beyond the point of mediocrity even
at the outset of his professional career. Returning to Montreal, he entered upon
active practice in this city and almost immediately became known, as well, as an
able educator and writer upon medical topics. He was appointed demonstrator
of anatomy in ]\IcGill in 1854 and was connected with the faculty of medicine
until his death. In 1856 he was appointed to the chair of clinical surgery and in
Novemlier, i860, was transferred to the chair of clinical medicine and medjcal
jurisprudence, occupying that position until April, 1868, when he was appointed
professor of midwifery and the diseases of women and children. He retained
that professorship until 1883, when he resigned, at which time the governors of
the university made him professor emeritus, so that he retained his precedence
in the university, in which he had continued as a professor for almost thirty years.

The active work of the profession aside from private practice was carried
on by Dr. MacCallum as visiting physician to the Montreal General Hospital
from 1856 until 1877, when, after twenty-one years' service, he resigned and
by vote of the governors was placed on the consulting staff of the hospital.

412 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

From 1868 until 1883 he had charge of the Lying-in Hospital and for four-
teen years was physician to the Hervey Institute for Children. His writings
gained him almost a world-wide reputation. He contributed articles to the
British American Medical and Surgical Journals, to the Canada Medical Journal
and the Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London, England. In 1854
he was associated with Dr. William Wright in establishing and editing the
Medical Chronicle, which paper remained in existence for six years. Dr. Mac-
Callum was vice president for Canada of the section of obstetrics in the Ninth
International Medical Congress, which was held at Washington, D. C, in Sep-
tember, 1887. His eminent ability and broad learning made him looked upon
as a leader in the ranks of the medical profession on the American continent
and also gained him recognition abroad, so that he was elected to fellowship
in the Obstetrical Society of London and was chosen to become one of the
foundation fellows of the British Gynecological Society. On the ist of Alarch,
1855, he was appointed assistant surgeon of the Sixth Battalion of Montreal
Militia and on the 15th of February, 1856, was appointed surgeon to the same.

In October, 1867, Dr. MacCallum was united in marriage to Miss Marie
Josephine Guy, the second daughter of Hon. Hippolyte Guy, judge of the superior
court of lower Canada and a representative of ancestry, honorable and dis-
tinguished. The children born to Dr. and Mrs. MacCallum were : .]\Iarie Josephine,
who married Professor Thomas A. Starkey of McGill University, of whom there
is mention in these volumes and by whom she has one son, Hugh Starkey;
Esther Melina ; ]\Iarianne, who married Edward Desbarats, of Montreal, and
has seven children — Edward, Duncan, Josephine, Henry, Lucy Anne, Cecile
and Henri ; Flora Victoria, who married de Les Derniers Shepherd, of Mont-
real; and Duncan Guy, who won the degree of M. D. at McGill University in
1907 and is now a medical practitioner of Sherbrooke, Quebec.

The life work of Dr. MacCallum was one. of signal service and benefit to
mankind and his name deserves to be enrolled with those of the benefactors of
the race.

JOSEPH ALEXANDRE BONIN.

Joseph Alexandre Bonin, one of the prominent and successful barristers
of Montreal, where he practices as a member of the firm of Taillon, Bonin &
Morin, was born in D'Autray, Lanoraie, province of Quebec, a son of the late
J. B. Bonin. In the acquirement of an education he attended Joliette College
and was called to the bar as advocate in 1874, being made king's counsel in
1893. He has been for many years in the successful practice of his profession
in Montreal, where the firm of Taillon, Ilonin & Morin is regarded as one of
the strongest in the city, connected through an extensive and representative
clientele with a great deal of notable litigation. Mr. Bonin's wide experience
and successful practice have secured for him a large following, and his compre-
hensive knowledge of legal principles has made him very successful in the conduct
of cases intrusted to his care. His mind is incisive, analytical and deductive

J. ALEXANDRE BONIN

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 415

and his powers liave been developed through the years, until today he is one of
the most able and prominent barristers in the city where he makes his home.
Mr. Bonin married a daughter of the late J. L. Leprohon, M. D., vice
consul for Spain in Montreal, and Mr. and Mrs. Bonin are well known in social
circles of this city. Mr. Bonin is a member of the Roman Catholic church and
is a conservative in his political beliefs, taking an intelligent and iiublic-spiriled
interest in municipal growth and advancement. He has gained prominence and
distinction in a profession where advancement depends entirely upon superior
merit and ability and stands among the barristers whose work is important as
an element in the legal history of this province.

GUY FAMILY.

The Guy family is one of the oldest and most prominent in Montreal. Pierre
Guy, the first of the name to settle in Canada, joined the French army under
M. de Vaudreuil and rose rapidly through intermediate positions to the rank of
captain. He participated in the engagements which occurred with frequency
between the French in Quebec and the English in Massachusetts and New York
and he died at the age of forty-eight years. His son, a namesake, Pierre Guy,
Jr., was educated in France and also joined the French anny in Canada, serv-
ing under General Montcalm in the French and Indian war. He participated
in the battles of Caillion, Montmorency and the battle on the Plains of Abraham.
When the power of France in Canada was set at naught, he. with others left
for France, where he remained until 1764. He then returned to Canada and
accepted a business situation in Montreal, becoming a loyal subject of Great
Britain. Soon afterward when General Montgomery invaded Canada he took
up arms for the defence of the country which so exasperated the Americans
that they sacked his stores after the capitulation of the city. In 1776 he received
from the Crown the appointment of judge and in 1782 became a colonel of
militia. He was also active in founding the college of St. Raphael and was
thus prominently identified with the military, commercial and educational inter-
ests of the province of Quebec. He received from the Crown a large land
grant in Montreal in that part of the city known as Bourgoyne and he it was
who gave Nuns Island to the nuns and he also gave one-half of Viger Square to
the city. At one time he conducted a large business as a fur trader between
Montreal and France. His activities were so important and his ability so pro-
nounced that he was a recognized leader in the dififerent fields in which his
labors and eliorts were put forth.

Pierre Guy, Jr., died in the year 1812, leaving several sons and daughters.
Of these Louis Guy, who by the death of his father became the oldest representa-
tive of the family, was made a councillor by King William in February, 1831,
and died in 1840. Guy street in Montreal was so called in his honor.

He had six children : Emily, who married Lieutenant Colonel De Sala-
berry; Caroline, who became the wife of Joseph Baby; Henr}-, who was a
colonel in the British army: Hippolyte; Joseph, who was a lawyer of Montreal;
and Adine, who married Mr. Pemberton of Ouebec.

416 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Judge Hippolyte Guy, judge of the superior court of Lower Canada, and
the second son of Louis Guy, married Marianne Esther Nelson, a daughter of
James Frederick Nelson and his wife ALiry Ann Adelaide Regnault, the adopted
daughter of Chief Justice Vallieres of Three Rivers, P. Q. Judge Guy died
April 19, i860. Unto him and his wife were born three daughters and a son.
Marie Louise, the eldest, became the wife of Hon. Chief Justice Austin, of
Nassau and they had three children : Barry, Gloucester and Charlotte, now Lady
Napier. Marie Josephine married Dr. Duncan Campbell MacCallum, of whom
there is made mention on another page of this work. .]Marie Ann became the
wife of Alex de Lusignan by whom she had two children, Guy de Lusignan
and Esther de Lusignan. She afterward married Gustave Fabre and by him has
one daughter, Terese, the wife of Mr. L'Africanne. Pierre, the youngest in the
family, died at the age of four years.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL ALFRED EUGENE DAMASE LABELLE.

Few men occupy a more enviable position in business and military circles
than Lieutenant Colonel Alfred E. D. Labelle. He has been termed "the beau
ideal of a soldier," and his position as one of the captains of industry in ^lon-
treal none question. Montreal claims him as a native son. He was born
August 23, 1866, his parents being Hospice L. and Leocadie (Masson) Labelle,
the former a grain inspector of Montreal. The son was a student in Bishop's
Academy and in a commercial school of his native city, his training in that
institution fitting him for the responsibilities which came upon him after he
entered business circles in 1883 in the employ of the late W. W. Ogilvie, the
miller king. He remained in that connection until the Imsiness was merged into
the Ogilvie Flotir Mills Company, Limited, in 1897, at which time he became
sales manager for Montreal, so remaining until his retirement from active con-
nection with the business in 1910. In that year he became managing director
of the St. Lawrence Flour Mills Company, of which he was one of the princi-
pal promoters and as such he stands today as one of the leading representatives
of the productive industries of the province, bending his energies to constructive
direction and executive control of a business that has already reached mammoth
proportions.

He has active connection and voice in the management of manv organiza-
tions looking to the betterment of trade and commercial relations. He is a
member of the Montreal Harbor board, the Montreal Board of Trade, was
president of the Chambre de Commerce, and is vice president of the Montreal
Industrial Exhibition Association and the Montreal Vehicular Traffic Asso-
ciation. He is also connected with movements touching the general interests
of society outside the strict field of business, being councillor of the Red Cross
Society and of the Boy Scout movement. His military career is perhaps
even more brilliant than his business record. He has been long connected
with the volunteer militia service, having joincil the Sixty-fifth Regiment as
a private in 1882. He was advanced through various ranks until he became
lieutenant colonel, commanding in 1897 and in 1902 his name was placed upon

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 417

the list of retired ofticers. Subsequently he commanded the Seventh Infantry
Brigade, was appointed a second time to the command of the Sixty-fifth
Regiment in March, igo", and is now in command of the Twelfth Infantry
Brigade. He served in the Northwest rebellion in 1885 and was one of its medal-
lists. He was on the staff of the Victoria Jubilee contingent in London, England,
in 1897, when he was again accorded a medal. Me commanded the troops sent
to Valleyfield, P. Q., during the trade riots in 1900, and he commanded the Cana-
dian Bisley team in 1908. In the previous year he received a long service decora-
tion and became actively connected with military training in 1896 as president
of the Montreal Military Institute. He was likewise president of the Montreal
Amalgamated Rifle Association in 1901-2. The Montreal Witness speaks of
him as a "splendid officer, popular and respected by all."

Colonel Labelle was married in 1900 to Amelie Sicotte, the second daughter
of the late Hon. L. W. Sicotte. Colonel Labelle is a Roman Catholic in religious
faith and a conservative in political belief. His club relations are with the lead-
ing organizations of that character in Montreal, including the St. James Club,
Club Lafontaine, Club Canadien, the Military Institute and Club St. Denis.
The analytical trend of his mind readily enables him to understand the various
factors which enter into the successful control of military interests and of business
affairs. He has ever followed the broad policy of building up rather than of
destroying and in all of his commercial interests has employed constructive
measures, never sacrificing interests of others to corporation gain. While in
military circles he is a strict disciplinarian, he has at the same time, those
qualities which win personal popularity and respect among subordinates and
the expressions of praise again and again heard from those, who have served
under him show that he is justly entitled to be termed "the beau ideal of a soldier."

DUNCAN LR'INGSTONE M.acDOUGALL.

Duncan Livingstone MacDougall, a merchant of Montreal for many years and
an active church man. whose life was one of broad usefulness as well as of material
success, was born in Kendelton, Scotland, in 1848, a son of Archibald L.
MacDougall, who in the year 1861 established his home in Montreal. He mar-
ried Agnes Livingstone, a cousin of the great explorer and missionary who was
the first man to penetrate into the heart of Africa. Mr. and Mrs. MacDougall
became the parents of two sons, Duncan L. and John, and a daughter, Mrs. Robert
Logie.

Duncan L. MacDougall was a youth of thirteen years when the family crossed
the Atlantic to Canada. His education was acquired in the schools of Scotland
and of Montreal and he crossed the threshold of business life as bookkeeper for
Cochran, Cassills & Company, boot and shoe merchants, in whose emplov he was
continually advanced in recognition of his merit and capability until eventually
he was admitted to partnership, continuing a member of the firm to the time of
his death. He devoted his undivided attention to the interests of the business
and became an active factor in guiding its affairs. He possessed in large measure
that quality which for want of a better term has been called commercial sense.

418 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

seeming to recognize almost intuitively the points and propositions of business
that led toward prosperity.

Mr. MacDougall was married in Montreal in 1872 to Miss ]\Iargaret B. Pat-
terson, a daughter of William I'atterson, who came to Canada from Edinburgh,
Scotland, at an early day and was a veterinary surgeon of the city to the time of
his death. His wife bore the maiden name of Isabella S. Dunnett. Mrs.
MacDougall by her marriage became the mother of three sons and two daughters,
Archibald Lome, Alice Maud, William Percival, Edith Margaret and Duncan
Livingstone.

Mr. MacDougall was a member of the Metropolitan Club and was a very active
worker in the American Presbyterian church cooperating in various lines of church
work and contributing generously to its support. His life was actuated by high
and honorable principles, that found expression in noble deeds and helpfulness
toward those who needed assistance.

ANTHUXE SERGIUS ARCHAMBAULT.

Anthune Sergius Archambault, member of the bar, practicing at Montreal
as an advocate, specializes in the administration of estates, and is one of the
few in Montreal's legal profession giving special attention to work in a fiduciary
capacity. He was born at St. Antoine, Vercheres county, on the 9th of Novem-
ber, 1874, a son of Alphonse Archambault and Hermenie Gladu, the former a
farmer by occupation. While spending his youthful days under the parental
roof A. S. Archambault pursued his education it St. Hyacinthe College, from
which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1894. He then
entered upon the study of law, which he pursued in Laval University, in 1898
winning the LL. L. degree. He is an advocate of considerable power and ability
and has made continuous progress in his profession since taking up the active
duties thereof fifteen years ago. He has gained a good clientage and his practice
is of an important character He was for some time the legal adviser of the parish
of Sault au Recollet.

Mr. Archambault has been married twice. He first wedded Rose Helene
Patenaude at Montreal on the 7th of May, 1901, and her death occurred on the
fifth anniversary of their marriage. On the 17th of November, 1909, Mr.
Archambault was again married, his second union being with Annie Michaud,
of Ahuntsic. There are two children, Annette and Paul, of the first marriage
and also two of the second, Jean and Marie.

REMI GOHIER, Sr.

Remi (johier, Sr., of Montreal, actively engaged in the real-estate business
which has proved to him a jirofitable field of labor, was born on the 7th of
September, 1841, at St. Laurent, Jacques Cartier county, P. Q., a son of Augustin
Gohicr dit Belislc and ATargucrite Martin dit Ladouceur. The early ancestors

ANTHUNE S. ARCHAJIBAULT

I

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 421

of the Gohier family in the province of Quebec spelled the name in various ways,
including Goyer, etc., but in France it was spelled Gohier and one of the name
was of great prominence during the reign of Xapoleon I.

Remi Gohier was a student in the St. Laurent College and with his entrance
into commercial circles at the age of twenty-two he became a dry-goods merchant,
and for twenty-seven years was engaged in that business at what is now the
corner of St. Lawrence and DeMontigny streets. In January, 1891, he became
connected with the real-estate and insurance brokerage business with his two
sons, Arthur E. and Alexandre. Having won substantial success he has since
continued in that business. He has negotiated many important realty transfers,
bought and sold property on his own account and has won a creditable and
gratifying measure of success. For eight years he was a director of the
Montreal Turnpike Trust Company, and he has done active public service as
justice of the peace for about ten years. About 1906 Mr. Gohier became con-
nected with La Compagnie Des Terrains Maisonnevive, Limited, and has since
been a director of the same, in which he is extensively interested.

On the 25th of November, 1863, in Montreal, in Notre Dame Cathedral, Mr.
Gohier was united in marriage to Miss Anne Jeanne Wright, a daughter of
Alexander Hamilton and .Marguerite (Scally) Wright. Their children are:
Remi, who married Alice Faille; Emma Isabella, the wife of J. A. Lesieur
Desaulniers ; Arthur Edouard, who married Adelina Tetrault ; Corrine, the
wife of Eugene Tetrault ; Ale.xandre, who married Charlotte Mongenais ; and
Bernice. The family are communicants of the Catholic church, and Mr. Gohier
is a Knight of Columbus. He has membership with the Liberal Club, which
indicates his political belief, and he is also a member of the Montreal Canadian
Club. The family is highly respected, warm regard being extended father and
sons. The business record of Mr. Gohier has gained for him confidence and
good-will as well as substantial success, and his prosperity has been the merited
reward of his capability and indefatigable enterprise.

WALTER HAMILTON EWING.

Walter Hamilton Ewing, who is well known throughout Canada and the
LTnited States as a champion shot, is the eldest son of the late Alexander Miller
Ewing and Ida F. (Appleton) Ewing, of Montreal, and was born in this city
on the nth of February, 1878. He is descended from Irish ancestry. He pur-
sued his education in the schools of his native city and made his initial step-in
the business world with Hodgson Sumner & Company. Subsequently he became
connected with the Hart & Adair Coal Company and in 1904 organized the Lacka-
wanna Coal Company, Ltd., of which he is president.

On the 30th of April, 1902, Mr. Ewing was united in marriage to Miss Ethel
Raeburn Mclntyre, a daughter of the late Archibald Mclntyre, of Montreal, and
their children are Morris A., Marguerite R., Walter James and David Russell.

While in Montreal Mr. Ewing is known as a successful, enterprising and pro-
gressive business man, he has a wide reputation throughout the continent in con-
nection with his record as a marksman. He made the highest amateur score at

422 , HISTORY OF MONTREAL

the first annual shooting tournament of Canadian Indians at Montreal in May,
1906, winning the Clarendon cup. He won the championship of the world in trap
shooting in July, 1908, at the Olympic games in London, England. He has won
the championship of Canada, the (irand Canadian Handicap, the Brewers' &
Malsters' cup and the P'rovincial Individual. He also shot on all team trophies,
namely : 8-Man Dominion, lO-Man Provincial, 5-Man International, 5-Man Pro-
vincial and 5-.Man Lansdovvne cup. He is the only man who ever held the above
cups at the same time. Sufely he has every reason to be proud of his record in
this connection. Mr. Ewing in religious faith is a Presbyterian.

REV. TAMES BENNETT.

Rev. James Bennett was born in Scotland and when a young man came to
Montreal, where he continued his education, begun in the schools of his native
land. He entered McGill University, from which he was graduated with the
Bachelor of Arts degree, and later, having determined to devote his life to the
work of the ministry, he took up the study of theology in Queen's College at
Kingston, Ontario. He immediately entered upon ministerial duties as pastor
of the Presbyterian church on Cote des Neiges road, but soon afterward was
called to L"( )rignal. Ontario, where he filled a charge until his demise on
August 17, 1901. His earnest effort, his charity and his consecration to the
cause was productive of much good, his labors resulting in the accession of many
to the church.

Rev. Bennett was married in Montreal to Miss Agnes Phillips, a daughter
of Thomas and Elizabeth (Hodge) Phillips, and to them was born a son, William
Phillips Bennett, now of Toronto.

THOMAS PHILLIPS, JR.

Thomas Phillips, well known for many years as a valued resident of Montreal.
his native city, was at one time proprietor of that section known as Woodburv.
He was a son of Thomas Phillips, Sr., who owned nearly all of what is now
Beaver Hall Hill, where the family home was maintained for many years. The
father was likewise the owner of what is now Phillips square, which was named
in his honor. His landed ])ossessions in fact were verv extensive and their
value increased with the growth and development of the city, making his a
valuable estate.

His son, Thomas Phillips, pursued his education in the schools of Montreal,
in Upper Canada College and in Dr. Workman's private school. He purchased
a farm on the island of Montreal and later became owner of what is now called
Woodbury and constitutes an attracti\e portion of the city, having all been laid
out in city lots. There he lived in comparative retirement. He named his
place Woodbury after the old home of Thomas Phillips, .Sr., who came from
Woodbury, Devonshire, England, and settled in Montreal.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 423

Thomas Phillips, Jr., married Miss Elizabeth Hodge, also a native of this
city, and a daughter of James Hodge, likewise a farmer on the island of Mon-
treal. They became the parents of four daughters and a son : Martha Emily,
now deceased ; Charlotte E. ; Agnes, who became the wife of Rev. James
Bennett and is now a widow living in Montreal; Mrs. Eleanor A. Perham, the
widow of L. D. Perham ; and Thomas Phillips, who at his death left two daugh-
ters, now residents of Scotland.

Mr. Phillips, whose name introduces this review, was a public-spirited man,
and ever interested in the general welfare. From early manhood he was a
member of St. George's church and was its oldest member at the time of his
demise. He died January 4, 1900, a day therefore that marked the passing of
a prominent representative of one of the oldest families of Montreal and one
whose name has ever been a synonym for honorable manhood and loyal citizenship.

JOSEPH VERSAILLES.

Progressive development finds a worthy exponent in Joseph Versailles, whose
connection with real-estate operations has been an element in- the material develop-
ment of his section of the province. He was born in Montreal on the 28th of
March, 1881, a son of Joseph Versailles and Julie Monarque. Mention is made
in L'Histoire de I'Eglise by Rhorbacher of a companion of Jeanne d'Arc of
the name of Pierre de Versailles. In early Canadian records the family name
frequently appears with many variations, including that of Martin and Louis
Martin of this family who was born in 1639 and was massacred by the Iroquois
Indians at Long Sault on the 21st of May, 1660. The first record found under
the present family name is that of Guillaume \'ersailles. who was born in 173 1
and died on the 27th of November, 1751, at Trois Rivieres.

Joseph Versailles of this review was a student in St. Mary's College (Jesuit)
on Bleury street, Montreal, from which he was graduated in 1903 witli the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, having completed the classical course. Turning
from the educational field of business he was for six years proprietor of a
hardware store and thus laid the foundation for the success which has since come
to him through his activities in the real-estate field. Three years ago he founded
the town of Montreal East and his real-estate operations there have been a
foremost element in its development and substantial growth. He has recently
erected one of the finest office buildings of Montreal on St. James street, its
height making it known as one of the skyscrapers. Mr. Versailles displays
marked energy and determination and in his business career brooks no obstacles
that can be overcome by persistent, energetic and honorable eiTort. He has
thoroughly qualified himself to discuss every phase of the real-estate business
and with remarkable prescience he has recognized the possibilities for the city's
growth and the extension of its suburban interests. The town of Montreal East
which he founded was incorporated June 4. 1910. and since that time he has
continuously served as its mayor, in which connection he has largely promoted
its interests and development.

424 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

On the 20th of September, 1904, Mr. Versailles was united in marriage to
Miss Marie Prendergast, a daughter of the late M. J. A. Prendergast, managing
director of La Banque d'Hochelaga for twenty-five years. He was with the
pontifical zouaves in Italy from 1867 until 1870, engaged in the practice of law
following his return to Canada and then entered upon active connection with
banking interests. The children of Mr. and .Mrs. Versailles are Marguerite,
Pauline, Joseph and Yvan. The religious faith of the family is that of the
Roman Catholic church and Mr. Versailles was founder and the first president,
in 1903 and 1904, of L'Association Catholique de la Jeunesse Canadienne-Fran-
gaise. In politics he does not maintain a position of aggressive partisanship. He
believes in Canada first, rather than party, and in Canada for the Canadians and
acting upon this belief his public service has been of benefit to the municipality
and the general interests of society.

LEWIS D. PERHAM.

Lewis D. Perham, who for many years was connected with the customhouse
of Montreal, was born in Russelltown, Quebec, in 1834, a son of Freeman Per-
ham. a farmer of Russelltown. In the public schools of his native place Lewis
D. Perham pursued his education and also attended a business college in Mon-
treal. His life in one way was quietly and uneventfully passed, nlost of it being
devoted to service in the customs department of his adopted city. For many
years he was thus active in the government service and was occupying that
position at the time of his demise. His long connection with the customs ofiice
plainly indicates his fidelity, capability and promptness in the discharge of his
duties.

In 1885, in Montreal, Mr. Perham was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor
Phillips, a daughter of Thomas Phillips, of whom mention is made elsewhere in
this volume. Four children were born to them, of whom two are living, Lewis
P. and Ruth E.

Mr. Perham was a conservative in politics. For a few years he held member-
ship with the Orangemen and he belonged to the American Presbyterian church.
Death called him December 10, 1907, and those who were his associates in life
mourned his death, for substantial qualities and commendable characteristics
had endeared him to all who knew him. His life was upright and honorable, for
he closely followed ethical and moral standards.

PATRICK McKENNA.

The history of Cote des Neiges would be incomplete and unsatisfactory were
there failure to make reference to Patrick McKenna, who reached the venerable
age of ninety-three years — a respected citizen, whose life, though quietly and
uneventfully i)assed, was ever a useful and upright one. A native of Ireland,
ambition stirred him to activity with the dawning of young manhood, and feeling

o

3

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 427

ihal better opportunities niijjlit jje secured in the new world, he left County Cavan
and made his way to Canada where he arrived in 1847. ^ h? voyage was made
in one of the old-time sailing vessels which dropped anchor in the river and there
the immigrants, according to the law of the land, passed into (juarantine. Mr.
McKenna, anxious to get to work, chafed under this restraint but when he and
his fellow travelers were liberated he hastened to make his way into the city
where he immediately sought employment. He scorned no labor that would
give him an honest living and so showed that he was possessed of the spirit
of undaunted industry and determination. In May, 1850, he came to Cote des
Neiges, which at that time was a village somewhat remote from Montreal but
now included within the corporation limits of the city. He accepted the position
of gardener with the late Mr. Donald Ross, but after a year had passed, became
a tenant of that part of the property that borders the present Westmount avenue,
although it was years afterward before that thoroughfare was laid out. in 1866
he purchased from the Greenshields estate a tract of fifty acres to which he
removed in about 1870 and upon it began the erection of a greenhouse and with
the growth of the business in subsequent years additional hothouse space was
added. The original firm name, P. McKenna & Son, remains unchanged to the
present day.

On the 1st of October, 1849, Mr. McKenna had married Miss Mary Kearney,
who in the previous year had left her home at Fanningstown, County Fimerick,
Ireland, and sailed for the new world. In the succeeding May Mr. McKenna
brought his young wife to the home which they occupied for twenty years and
on the expiration of that period they took up their abode in the residence where
they lived until death called them. Mr. McKenna at first gave his attention to
market gardening, conducting a successful business for eighteen years, but
gradually withdrew from that branch of business to give his entire attention to
the florist business, making the raising of fruit and vegetables merely a side issue.

The McKenna greenhouses became well known and the business prospered
from the beginning, bringing Mr. McKenna a substantial financial return which
enabled him eventually to retire from active business life.

Mr. and Mrs. McKenna became the parents of thirteen children but six of
the number died in infancy, and Elizabeth died a member of the Nuns of Jesus
and l\Iary, under the name of Sister St. Pancratius. Patrick died in 1880 and
Mary in 1S72. Four children survive the parents: James, a sketch of whom
follows; Miss Sarah McKenna; Frances N., the wife of F. Allan Beauchamp ;
and Sister McKenna, who for seven years was bursar of a nunnery at Lawrence,
Massachusetts, and for the past fifteen years has been bursar of the noted Grey
Nunnery of Montreal.

Mr. and Mrs. McKenna lived to celebrate their diamond wedding on the
sixtieth anniversary of their marriage. The occasion was made a memorable
one to all who participated therein. Both Mr. and Mrs. McKenna were eiijoying
good health, although both were octogenarians, and the celebration was partici-
pated in by Mrs. McKenna's sister. Miss Sarah Kearney, who witnessed the
original marriage sixty years before. On the occasion of the diamond wedding
the ceremony was marked by the celebration of pontifical mass by His Lordship
Bishop Racicot, assisted by others. From 1851 Mr. McKenna was a continuous
holder of a pew in St. Patrick's church.

428 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

His long residence at Cote des Neiges enabled him to tell much concerning
the history of tha: section and to relate many interesting incidents connected with
its development and growth. He had occupied the position of councillor in the
village before its incorporation into a town and about 1889 was succeeded by
his son. He was a justice of the peace for the district of Alontreal for twenty-
five years until his death. He possessed a retiring disposition but nevertheless
manifested keen interest in all that pertained to the city's welfare and never
failed to perform a public duty that devolved upon him. He was ever loyal to
the land of his adoption and maintained a deep love for the land of his birth.
As a boy he received a temperance medal from Father Matthew, the Irish apostle
of temperance, which is now treasured by his son.

For over two years after the celebration of the diamond wedding the parents
continued to travel life's journey and then death called the husband and father,
who passed away March 14, 191 2, at the age of ninety-three years. The wife
and mother survived for only a few months, her death occurring on the 12th of
of July, following, at which time she had reached the age of eighty-two years.
They were perhaps the most venerable couple in Cote des Neiges and among
the oldest witnesses of the growth and development of the tiny village into a
city which eventually was absorbed in the metropolis.

JAMES McKENNA.

James McKenna, who is his father's successor in public office and business,
was born at the family home in Cote des Neiges, November 11, 1851, his parents
being Patrick and Mary (Kearney) McKenna, whose sketch precedes this.
When the father retired from the position of councillor of Cote des Neiges in
1889, James McKenna succeeded to the position which he continuously and
acceptably filled for nineteen years, while from 1908 until 1910 he was alderman
of Montreal. He was appointed justice of the peace for the district of Montreal'
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his father. He married Margaret
Quinn and to them were born eight children; Rose; Evaline, the wife of Antoine
Marchand by whom she has a son, Charles ; Maud, who was known as Sister St.
Margaret of Notre Dame and has passed away ; Charles P., who died at the age
of eighteen years; Frank J., who married Evaline McCarthy; Leo James, whO'
married Gertrude Eagan and has a son, Leo Martin ; Harry W. ; and E. Phillip.

ROBERT THOMAS HOPPER.

Ability to recognize opportunities that others passed heedlessly by, combined
with an ambition that brouglit about tiieir immediate, ])ractical and resultant
utilization, brought Ro])crt Thomas Hopper to a position in the foremost ranks
of Montreal's manufacturers and liusincss men. He had the distinction of being
the first man to ship asbestos abroad and later became a ])rominent figure in the

J
i

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 429

mining industry in the province, while at the time of his death he was president
of the Dominion Marble Company.

Mr. Hopper was born in Quebec, February 25, 1858, and was educated there
in the public school and in Thorn's Academy. His father, Thomas Hopper, was
senior partner of the tirni of llopper brothers, a prominent firm of cattle deal-
ers in the province. Thomas Hopper married Miss Agnes Davidson and their
children were si.x in number. Robert Thomas Hopper came to Montreal in 1876,
when he was eighteen years of age and secured a position as bookkeeper with
the firm of James Linton, continuing in that connection for a year. He then
organized the firm of Irwin Hopper & Company, which existed until 1889,
when the business was taken over by R. T. Hopper & Company. This firm
engaged in the mineral business, specializing in crude and fibrized asbestos, being
among the pioneers in that industry in Canada. Mr. Hopper was regar<led as
father of the asbestos business in this country. He was the first Canadian to ship
asbestos abroad and has the distinction of being the first man in the business to
take up the installation of crushing machinery which has since revolutionized the
asbestos business.

About 1891, Mr. Hopper established the first Portland Cement plant in
Canada, known as the English Portland Cement Company of Canada. Difficul-
ties confronted him, for it fell to his lot to educate the people to the use of cement.
He entered upon a campaign which ultimately resulted in success, for his persist-
ency and energy overcame the obstacles placed in his way. Moreover, time tests
the merit of all things and the worth of Portland cement is demonstrated in its
successful use. Later Mr. Hopper consolidated his interests with the Rathburns
of Deseronto, Ontario, organizing the Beaver Portland Cement Company, and
with the development of the business and the formation of nevv associations the
Canadian Portland Cement Company came into existence. Their plants were
located at Marlbank and Deseronto. Ontario, and with the passing of the years
the business developed until it assumed large proportions. Eventually, Mr.
Hopper sold his interests after having materially assisted in building u[) a large
and successful business. In 1906 he organized the Dominion Marble Company,
of which he continued as president imtil his death on the 13th of November, 1912.
This business was established on a small scale but was developed along modern,
progressive lines until the company is now one of the largest in Canada, engaged
in the marble business, owning extensive quarries located at South Stukely, Quebec,
and Mr. Hopper was also a director in the Sherbrooke Railway & Power
Company and remained a director of the Canadian Cement Company after he
withdrew from active connection with the management of the business. He
was a prominent member of the council of the Canadian Mining Institute and
thus kept in close touch with the mining projects of the country.

In 1882, in Montreal, Mr. Hopper was united in marriage to Miss Mary
Agnes Mathews, a daughter of Richard Mathews, of this city, and two daughters
and a son were born to them.

Mr. Hopper was a member of the Board of Trade and was a public-spirited
citizen, interested in all that pertained to civic betterment and improvement. He
was a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the Montreal Club,
the Chapleau Club, the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club and the P.eaconsfield
Golf Club. He attended Douglas Methodist church and was deeply interested in

430 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

many local charities. He sought ever the welfare and development of the com-
munity in which he lived along lines of material, intellectual, moral and public
progress and his labors were attended with far-reaching results and benefits.

JOSEPH FRANCOIS VICTOR MARTINEAU, K. C.

Standing among the foremost men of the legal profession in Montreal, Joseph
Frangois Victor Martineau enjoys an important and representative practice.
Moreover, he holds the position of general secretary of the bar of the province
of Quebec, to which he was admitted over twenty years ago. Mr. Martineau
was born at Montreal on the 28th of August, 1867, and is a son of the late Fran-
(jois Martineau and Emerentienne (Bouthillier) Martineau. The father was
a well known hardware merchant in this city and represented for six years, from
1885 to 1891, St. Mary's ward, now Papineau, in the city council. In 1892 he
was elected as a conservative member of the legislative assembly of Quebec for
division No. i of Montreal (St Mary's division) and continued as a member of
parliament until the next general election, in 1897.

Victor Martineau received his classical education at Ottawa College in Ottawa,
St. Mary's (Jesuit) College of Montreal, and for three years attended the
law department of Laval University, from which he obtained the degree of LL.
B. He was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec in July, 1892, and
ever since he has practiced in Montreal, having attained a high position among
his colleagues. He is sound in his logic, terse in argument and forceful in pre-
senting his pleas and, as he is a deep student, is familiar with precedent and all
the technicalities of the law. Upon this structure is built his reputation for suc-
cess. On the 5th of October, 1910, Mr. Martineau was appointed king's counsel
by the lieutenant governor and at the nomination of Hon. M. Arthur Globensky
as judge of the superior court of the province of Quebec he was appointed gen-
eral secretary of the bar of the province in August, 1910.

On the 6th of June, 1893, Mr. Martineau was married to Miss Emmeline
Jodoin, a daughter of Isaie A. Jodoin, a well known advocate of the bar of Mon-
treal. To this union were born two daughters. Mr. Martineau is a conservative
in political matters and takes the interest of an active and earnest citizen and
voter in public matters although he has never aspired to office. He can be ever
found among those who make for public progress and readily places his means
and ability at the disposal of undertakings that have this end in view.

JOHN JENNINGS CREELMAN.

The life work of John Jennings Crcclnian h,is hrouglit him into close connec
tion with the general interests of society as affected by legislative procedure,
by activity at the bar and by educational interests. In the year 191 3 he was
appointed lecturer upon railway economics in McGiil University and sustains that
relation to llie present time. Born in Toronto on the 14th of February, 1881, he

J. F. V. 5IARTINEAU

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 433

is a son of Adam R. and Margaret Cuniniing (Jennings) Creelnian. The former
was a son of James Creelman, whose father came from Ireland in childhood and
settled in New Brunswick in 1790. Adam R. Creelman, preparing for the bar,
was created king's counsel, gained distinction as a member of the legal pro-
fession and in 1900 was made general counsel of the Canadian Pacific Railway
Company. He married Margaret Cumming, daughter of Rev. John Jennings,
D. D., the first Presbyterian clergyman from Scotland to settle in Toronto, which
city was then known as Little York.

Born and reared in Toronto, John J. Creelman attended the public schools
and Upper Canada College where, upon his graduation in lyoo, he won the
governor general's medal. His classical course was pursued in the University
of Toronto, from which he graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1904.
His legal training was received in Mc( iill University, where he was created B. C. L.
in 1907. The same year he pursued a special course in the University of Grenoble,
after which he entered upon the active work of his profession as advocate and
solicitor. Not only did he secure an extensive and important clientele but he
also became an active factor in political circles through his appointment in

1908 as parliamentary secretary to the chairman of the committee upon banking
and commerce in the Canadian senate. He is a member of the law firm of
Casgrain, Mitchell, McDougall & Creelman. His invested interests also indi-
cate extensive and im])ortant connection with commercial and industrial activities.
He is now a director of the Canadian British Insulated Company, Limited; the
Chamberlani & Hookham Meter Company, Limited ; the Lancashire Dynamo &
Motor Company of Canada, Limited ; the Canadian Union Electric Company,
Limited; and Fraser & Chalmers of Canada, Limited. He is likewise vice presi-
dent of F. M. Sellon & Conii)any, Limited. Ills varied activities have made
him a close and interested student of the signs of the times, with a ready and
accurate understanding of cause and effect in many of the great vital and sig-
nificant problems before the country. I lis researches and logical deductions
in the field of transportation have made him an authority upon the subject of
railway economics and bv reason thereof he was appointed lecturer on that
subject for McCiill in kji.v In this connection he has become a member of
the Canadian Institute and of the National Tax Association.

The spirit of progress which has actuated his entire life has been er|ually
strongly manifest in his military connections. In 1895 he was a member of the
Upper Canada College Rifle Company; in 1899 a trooper in the Governor Gen-
eral's Bodvguard of Toronto, of which he became a lieutenant in the following
year. In 1905 he was transferred to the Third "Montreal" Field I'lattery and in

1909 was commissioned major in command thereof. In 191 2 he became lieutenant
colonel in command of the Sixth Brigade, Canadian Field Artillery, and in
191 1 he represented Canada on the coronation contingent at the coronation of
King George \\ From 191 1 until 1914 he has been a member of the executive
of tke Canadian Artillery Association. In 1913 he passed the militia staff course.
He is u[)on the coimcil of the Montreal Reform Club and is a liberal in his jjoliti-
cal views.

At Galveston, Texas, on the 24th of June, 1908, Mr. Creelman was united
in marriage to Miss Katharine M. Weekes, a daughter of Nicholas Weekes, a con-
federate veteran of the Civil war, and at one time a railroad president and

434 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

banker of Galveston. j\Irs. Creelman is a graduate of the Bishop Strachan
School of Toronto and by her marriage has become the mother of a son, John
Ashmore Creelman, representative of the family in the fifth generation in
Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Creelman hold membership in St. Paul's Presbyterian
church of Montreal, and he is a prominent club man, belonging to the University,
Engineers, Royal Montreal Golf, Thistle Curling and Canadian Clubs of Montreal :
the University and Military Clubs of Toronto ; and the Junior Army and Navy
Club of London, England. In addition to a residence in Montreal he has a
country home at Mont Tremblant, where the summer seasons are spent.

THOMAS PHILLIPS.

Thomas Phillips, remembered as one of the builders of the Rideau canal and
as the holder of extensive property interests in Montreal, was born in Wood-
bury. Devonshire, England. He became a resident of Montreal about 1808 and for
a time was engaged in the brewing business. The years chronicled the growth
of his business both in extent and importance and he had attained a position of
prominence that recommended him for onerous responsibilities when the Rideau
canal project was under way. He became one of the builders of the canal and
in that and in other connections was a very active man. Early and judicious
investments in real estate made him the owner of much valuable property, including
a tract of land e.xtending from the foot of the mountain to Lagauchetiere West,
including what is now Beaver Hall Hill and Phillips square, the latter named in
honor of the family. Their home, a palatial residence, was situated on Beaver
Hall Hill.

Mr. Phillips married Miss Martha Anderson, a native of New England, and
they became the parents of nine children : George, Eleanor, Thomas, Alfred,
Martha, Mrs. Julia Ashworth, William. Esther and Airs. Elizabeth Capel. Of
these, only Miss Esther Phillips is now living. The father died in 1842, while the
mother, long surviving him, passed away in 1881. They were members of the
P'nglish Cathedral church and Mr. Phillips was a most public-spirited man who
recognized the needs and opportunities of his city and sought to compass the
former and utilize the latter. He was numbered among those of the early half of
the nineteenth century who laid the foundation upon which has been built the
present prosperity and greatness of the city.

GEORGE ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, K. C.

«

George Archibald Campbell, head of the legal firm of Campbell, McMaster &•
Papineau, of Montreal, was born in this city, September 26, 1875, a son of the
Rev. Robert Campbell, D. D., an ex-moderator of the general assembly of the
Presbyterian church in Canada and for more than fiftv years one of the foremost
divines of that denomitiation. His mother was the late Margaret (Macdonnell)

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 435

Caiiiphell. Iloili parents were of Scotch descent and were members of families
prominent in the clerical and lefjal jirofessions.

George Archibald Campbell supplemented his course of study in the 'Montreal
high school by a course in McGill University, where he was graduated with first
rank honors in 1896, upon the completion of the arts' course. In preparation for
the bar he then entered the law department and won his B. C. L. degree in 1901.
He received the Macdonald traveling scholarship in law and he supplemented
his instruction received at McGill by attending lectures at the Universities of
Paris, Grenoble and Montpelier, France. Me received his practical legal educa-
tion largely under the direction of Donakl Alacmaster, K. C., M. P., and was
called to the bar in July, lyoi. Subsequently he became a member of the firm
of Macmaster, Hickson & Campbell and entered upon the active practice of his
profession, in which he has now continued for thirteen years, his record being
marked bv an orderly progression that has brought him to an. enviable jjosition
as a representative of the Montreal bar. He is now practicing as the senior
partner in the legal firm of Campbell, McMaster & Papineau. In May, 1912,
he was created a king's counsel by Lieutenant Governor Langelier.

On the 20th of January, 1909, Mr. Campbell was married in Montreal to Miss
Amy G. Dawson, elder daughter of William V. Dawson, head of the importing
and manufacturing company of W. V. Dawson, Limited, of Montreal. Their
religious faith is evidenced by their membership in the Presbyterian church.
Mr. Campbell's political views accord with the principles of the conservative party,
and he is a member of the Liberal-Conservative Club. Something of the nature
of his interests and recreation outside the strict path of his i)rofession or in the
field of citizenship is shown through his membership in the Montreal, University,
Beaconsfield Golf, Hermitage Country and Canadian Cluljs. He is also a member
of the Montreal Art Association. He finds enjoyment in golf and in motor-
boating and also takes delight in amateur farming, all of which constitute an
even balance to his intense professional activity.

WALTER JAMES PRENDERGAST, M. D.

Dr. Walter James Prendergast, a successful practicing physician, well read
and holding ever to high professional standards, was born in August, 1857, at
Cote des Neiges, before it became a part of Montreal. His father, W'alter Prend-
ergast, leaving his native Ireland, came to Canada in early life and for a number
of years conducted a hotel at Cote des Neiges, but retired many years prior .to
his death. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Joanna Griffith, was a repre-
sentative of an old family of Sherbrooke, Quebec.

Dr. Walter J. Prendergast pursued his education at St. Mary's, from which
he received the degree of B. A., and afterward spent three years as a student
in McGill University, but finished his professional course at Bishop's College,
from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1880. He remained
throughout his later career a close student of his profession and thus his knowledge
constantly broadened. Immediately following his graduation he began practice
in Cote des Neiges and after ten years spent there removed to the city- of Montreal,

436 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

remaining in practice on St. Denis street until his death. His widow and children
returned to the old family home on Cote des Neiges road, where they now reside.
Dr. Prendergast was a general practitioner and was much interested in his pro-
fession. In fact, anything which tended to bring to man the key to the complex
mystery which vve call life was of interest to him and he ever read broadl}'
upon subjects having to do with the safeguarding and restoration of health
In his professional capacity he did great good and was very charitable, for he
would respond again and again to the call of the needy even when he knew there
was no chance of remuneration for his services.

in Montreal, in 1892, Dr. Prendergast was united in marriage to Miss Mary
E. Scanlan, a daughter of Michael and Alice ( Duggan ) Scanlan. The latter,
born in Montreal, was a daughter of Patrick Duggan, for many years a con-
tractor of this city. For a half century Mr. Scanlan was connected with the
growth of the import and export trade of this country. When seventeen years
of age, or in 1837, he entered the service of David Torrance & Company and in
1872, when the Dominion line was established, he became wharf superintendent,
which position he held until his death. During that period he was tireless in
the faithful performance of his duty and in carrying out the wishes and furthering
the interests of the corporation which he represented. \M:ether in Montreal, in
Portland, Maine, or in Boston, Massachusetts, or wherever his duties called him
he was the same genial, courteous gentleman, ever watchful of the interests under
his care. He died October 20, 1907, at the age of sixty-seven years.

Dr. and Mrs. Prendergast became the parents of four children, who survive,
namely : Aileen, Walter Francis, Harold and Kathleen. Dr. Prendergast was
a man of domestic habits, devoted to the welfare of his family. He was public-
spirited and was interested in all those things which work for good and progress.
In politics he was a liberal. He was a communicant of St. Agnes Catholic church,
and belonged to the Knights of Columbus.

Dr. Prendergast passed away January 21, 1910. Those who knew him — and
he had an extensive acquaintance — entertained for him warm regard and many
there are who have reason to bless his memory because of timely aid which he
rendered them. His practice extended among the poor as well as the rich because
of his benevolent nature and it is probable that he derived greater satisfaction
from his ministrations to the former than to the latter, for his kindly spirit
prompted him to reach out in helpfulness at all times.

EDOUARD BIRON.

Edouard Biron, a prominent representative of the notarial profession, having
been appointed secretary of the board of notaries for the district of Montreal on
the loth of July, 1912, was born on the 20th of August, 1877, in the city which
is still his place of residence, his father being Samuel Biron, who was a whole-
sale grocer, conducting business at the corner of McGill and Notre Dame streets
up to the time of his death in December, 1883. The mother was Dame Philomene
Olivier.

EDOUARD BIRON

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 439

lulouard IJiron was a student in St. Mary's College in Montreal until gradu-
ated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in June, 1897. He next entered Laval
University, where he won the LL. D. degree in June, 1900. He became a notary
in July of the same year, practicing alone until I-'ebruary, 1903, when he formed
a partnership with J. A. Savignac under the name of Biron & Savignac, an asso-
ciation which was maintained for more than ten years, or until September, 191 3.
On the 1st of that month the present lirni of Biron, Savignac, Coderre & Poirier
was formed. In addition to the business of that firm Mr. Biron, as previously
stated, is acting as secretary of the board of notaries for the district of Montreal,
through appointment received in July, 1912. He stands as a prominent repre-
sentative of his profession and one whose ability in this line is unquestioned. As
he has prospered he has made investment in jiroperty and is holder of some
valuable Montreal real estate.

On the 1st of September, 1902, Mr. IHron was married to Miss Blanche
Fleury, a daughter of the late A. Fleury, who was a merchant of Montreal. Mr.
and Mrs. Biron are the parents of four children: Germaine, ten years of age;
Roger, eight years ; Marcel, six years ; and Suzanne, a little maiden of five sum-
mers. The religious faith of the family is that of the Roman Catholic church.
.Mr ISiron is general secretary of L'Association St. Jean Baptiste de Montreal
and he belongs to the St. Denis and Canadian Clubs and the Club Canadien of
Montreal.

EDMUND PHILLIPS HANNAFORD.

Edmund Phillips Hannaford engraved his name high on the roll of the pro-
moters of railway interests in Canada. To no other single agency is progress
so largely indebted as to railway building and thus it is that E. P. Hanna-
ford deserves to be numbered among the public benefactors of his country.
Throughout his entire life he was connected with railway projects and the
superb engineering department of the Grand Trunk system is largely a monu-
ment to his skill, ability and sagacity. A native of Devonshire, England, Mr.
Hannaford was born at Stoke Gabriel, on the 12th of December, 1834, and he
was a youth of but seventeen years when he entered the railway service as
draftsman and assistant under Sir I. K. r>runel. Through the succeeding four
years he was a member of the engineering corps of the South Devon Railway
and in 1856 he became identified with the development of railway projects in
Canada. Following his arrival in the new world he became connected with the
Grand Trunk Railway and acted as assistant engineer of the company from
1857 until 1866. In the latter year he was appointed chief engineer of the western
division and further promotion awaited him in his appointment in 1869 to the
position of chief engineer of the company. He remained in that connection for
twenty-seven years, resigning from active work in 1896. He was in charge of
the engineering department during the period of the greatest development of
the railway and managed the construction of all new lines and stations of the
company. His particular talent made him very successful in drawing up the
plans of yards or overcoming any difficulty in the way of construction. No

440 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

better proof of his work can be given than the fact that it is now generally
admitted that the Grand Trunk has one of the best lines of any railway in
Canada. The general offices at Point St. Charles were also erected under his
direction.

In addition to his work in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway Mr.
Hannaford in 1879 was named chief engineer of the IVIontreal & Champlain
Junction Railway. Ten years before he had been chief engineer of the Inter-
national bridge and in 1883 he became chief engineer of the Jacques Cartier
Union and United States and Canada Railways.

It was in 185Q. in Belleville, Ontario, that Mr. Hannaford was united in
marriage to Aliss Mary W. Roy, a daughter of Robert Maitland Roy, of Scot-
land, who became a resident of Belleville in 1837. He served in the war of the
rebellion in defense of his country's interests and long held public office, serving
for a quarter of a century as town clerk. Mr. and Mrs. Hannaford became the
parents of seven children, of whom four survived the father : Elizabeth, who was
Mrs. Harry B. Eastty, of Mount Vernon. New York, and died August 3, 1913;
R. Maitland, assistant chief engineer of the Montreal Street Railway Company;
Edmund P., who is located at Corpus Christi, Texas; and Miss Mary R. Hanna-
ford, at home.

Mr. Hannaford belonged to the Church of St. James the Apostle and his
social nature found expression in his membership in the St. James Club. He
was a public-spirited man, deeply interested in all that pertained to the welfare
and upbuilding of Canada, yet his tastes inclined him to domesticijy and in the
home circle he was a most devoted husband and father. He was a man of fine
personal appearance and impressive manner, yet withal was most genial and
affable, and, wherever he went and formed acquaintanceship, it constituted the
beginning of warm and enduring friendships.

Mr. Hannaford died August 18, 1902.

ROBERT CARLYLE JAMIESON.

Robert Carlyle Jamieson, who stood as a man among men, ready to meet
any obligation of life with the confidence and courage that come of conscious
personal ability, right conception of things and an habitual regard for what is b,est
in the exercise of human activities, was born in ( llengarry, Ontario, in 1836.
He was a cousin of Thomas Carlyle. philosopher and historian, and a son of
William Jamieson. a gentleman farmer, who married Jean Brodie. also a native
of Scotland, and on coming to Canada settled in Glengarry.

Their son Robert Carlyle Jamieson pursued his education in the (ilacc of his
nativity to the age of sixteen years, when he left home an<l t.iiight school at
Hawkesbury. In 1856 he came to Montreal and thereafter to the time of his
death, which occurred almost a half century later, he was a resident of this city.
He built up a large and profitable business through his industry, thrift and
unfaltering honesty. It was in 1858 that he began the manufacture of varnish
on .St. Thomas street, there establishing a plant that is yet conducted bv the
firm. In 1882 he purchased the plant of the Baylis Manufacturing Company,

HISTORY ()F MONTREAL 441

manufaclurcrs of paints and colors, and later bought the plant of P. D. Uodds &
Company at St. Patrick and Island streets, where the main oftice is now located.
Thus the business has steadily grown and developed, Mr. Jamieson remaining
the active head of the firm to the time of his demise. Year by year the trade
has increased until it today extends all over Canada and a branch office is
maintained in Vancouver, British Columbia. Mr. Jamieson devoted his entire life
to the u])building and control of this industry, which is still conducted by his sons
under the style of the R. C. Jamieson Company, Ltd. It became one of the chief
productive industries of the city and constituted and still remains a source of
gratifying revenue to the stockholders.

In 1863, in Montreal, Mr. Jamieson was married to Miss Harriet Josephine
McGowan, who was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, a daughter of John H. McGowan,
who on leaving his native place, Aberdeen, Scotland, settled at Cincinnati, Ohio,
but during the early '60s removed to Montreal. Mr. and Mrs. Jamieson had a
family of seven children, all of whom survive: Harriet A., now Mrs. W. de M.
Marler; Helen L., the wife of A. W. Cochrane; Dr. William Hoves : Walter
Lockhart ; Robert Harry ; Frederick Carlyle ; and Ernest Temple. The death of
the husband and father occurred February 17. 1905.

Mr. Jamieson was a man who occupied an honorable and enviable position
in the regard of his fellows. His life work was permeated by noble and upright
principles and he was untiring in his efforts to do good. He was one of the
original governors of the House of Industry and Reform and for twenty
years he was treasurer of the Congregational College. He served as deacon in
Emanuel church and was one of the first trustees when the house of worship
was erected in 1875. At one time he served on the council of the Board of Trade
and he was one of the first members of both the Montreal Amateur Athletic Asso-
ciation and the Montreal Curling Club. He was solicited to accept many important
offices, both city and provincial, but refused, preferring to concentrate his energies
ujjon his business interests and duties and his activities in behalf of his fellow
men along the lines of reform, intellectual progress and moral development.

JOHN KEITH MACDONALD.

Although a native of Scotland, born in Kintyre, John Keith Macdonald spent
almost his entire active life in Montreal, where he arrived when a youth of sixteen
years. He believed that better business opportunities awaited him on this side
of the Atlantic and he made his initial step as an apprentice at the machinist's
trade under his uncle, John Boyd, .\pp1ying himself closely to the tasks assigned
him, his knowledge and skill develojjed day by day until he became an expert
workman in that line. Laudable ambition prompted the development of his latent
powers and awakened in him the desire to engage in business on his own account,
so that eventually he organized the firm of J. K. Macdonald, general machinists
and contractors for iron work. Mr. Macdonald continually added to his knowl-
edge through experience, reading and investigation along his chosen line and he
continued in the business until his death, becoming one of the well known and
leading representatives of industrial activity in Montreal.

442 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In Montreal, in 1867, Mr. Macdonald was united in marriage to Miss Margaret
Mackay, a daughter of Norman Mackay, of Glengarry, where he was born and
spent his life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Maccfonald were born six children, five of
whom are living, Mrs. Janette Macfarlane, Norman, Duncan, George and Mar-
garet. The family circle was broken by the hand of death when Mr. Macdonald
passed away at the age of sixty-three years. He was a Presbyterian in religious
faith and his life was passed in consistent harmony with his professions, making
him a man whom to know was to respect and honor.

COLONEL EDWARD ASHWORTH WHITEHEAD.

Colonel Edward Ashworth Whitehead, for many years one of tlie best known
insurance agents and brokers of Montreal, his native city, was born April 16,
1845, 'i"d ^^'^s here educated. He was the head of E. A. Whitehead & Company,
insurance agents and brokers, for many years and thus became widely known in
financial circles. In this connection he helped to build up the great insurance
business conducted under the name of The E. A. W'hitehead Company, Limited.

He had perhaps an even wider acquaintance through his military connections,
for his military career was long, distinguished and honorable. He was one of the
oldest officers in the volunteer military service in the Dominion and as original
member of the Victoria Rifles he rose from the ranks to the command of the
regiment and was placed on the list of reserve officers in 1876. He was on active
duty during the Fenian raids from 1866 until 1870, was present at Eccles Hill
and for his service received a general service medal with two clasps, while his
active duty at the time of the Northwest rebellion in 1885 also won him a medal.
He was chief transport officer under Colonel Middleton and held a long service
decoration and he was a member of the Royal Commission on Canadian War
Claims in 1885-6.

Colonel Whitehead was a veteran amateur athlete, w'as one of the founders
of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association and its first honorary president.
In 1908 he was a member of the Canadian Olympic Games Committee and he
was also a director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In
Club circles he w-as long popular and prominent, holding membership in the
Mount Royal Club ; the St. James Club, of which he served as chairman ; the
Royal Montreal Golf Club; Forest and Stream Club; Montreal Hunt Club:
Montreal Jockey Club; Montreal Curling Club; Montreal Polo Cluli ; St. George
Snow Shoe Club; the Isleway Club; the Military Institute; and the Royal St.
Lawrence Yacht Club.

The end came to Colonel Whitehead September 7, i(;i2. He seemed almost
to the last in the jirime of life, his fine figure being erect and soldierly, and the
years rested lightly upon him. His eye could still sweep down the long lines of
the regiment, his step was clastic and he was enjoying life in all the mental
riches that follow a career of activity and usefulness. The Victoria Kitles felt
great pride in his brilliant record and in that regiment he was an outstanding
figure, a symbol of dulv well done, while his memory will ever be to them an
inspiration for loyalty in the King's service. In January, U)\2, he was the

V

r*

-^^€oI^^^>^xs--tCl^^t^fCL^t^^>C-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 445

leading figure at the dinner given by the regiment to celebrate the fiftieth anniver-
sary of its organization. He had been one of the first to spring to tlie colors
when the corps was organized and had carried those colors in many fields. Even
as in his youth, ready to fight for his flag, Colonel Whitehead was as willing to
go to its defense in later years, when it might have been supposed that tlie
fire of youth had died down. Years rolled onward, changes came and i)rought
with them the boy scout movement. This ap])ealed strongly to his military spirit
and he entered heartily into the work of supporting and furthering the cause.
Money was needed; he supplied it. He also raised the money for the trip to
Europe a few years ago. He had always loved boys, the military had always
been dear to him and in the boy scout movement these two were combined.

Colonel Whitehead was a man to whom a worthy appeal was never made in
vain. His heart took in a great circle of friends and his purse was open- to all
calls of charity.

In the field of sport he was well to the front. In early manhood he was an
excellent lacrosse player and old timers remember the games in which he par-
ticipated against the Shamrocks for the Cla.Kton flags in the early '60s. lie was
also a splendid sprinter, making a notable record in the hundred-yard dash. This
love of sport he retained to the last and he was a life member of the Montreal
Amateur Athletic Association, of which he at one time served as president.

Trouble did not pass him by, InU through all he was the same kindly, upright
gentleman, maintaining a high sense of duty and honor. In 1899 death rol)l)ed
him of his wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Whitehead, daughter of William Newcoml), whom
he had married in 1868: and his son, E. A. Whitehead, Jr., died in 1908.

Edward Ashworth Whitehead, Jr., son of Colonel Edward Ashworth White-
head, was born in Montreal in 1869 and aci|uired liis education in England and
in Kingston, Ontario, where he was graduated with honors at the Royal Military
College. He was connected with The E. A. Whitehead Company, Limited, and
for many years was a special agent for Montreal of the Phoenix Assurance Com-
pany, Limited, of London and was as popular in business as he was in social
circles.

Mr. Whitehead, Jr., married Miss May Sicotte, a daughter of \'ictor Benja-
min Sicotte, district magistrate at St. Hyacinthe and a granddaughter of Hon.
Louis Sicotte, premier of Canada. Three children were born to them : Edward
Ashworth, who is the third of the name to continue the business of The E. A.
Whitehead Company, Limited; George Victor, a student at Bishop's College
School ; and Margaret Whitehead.

ROBERT LINTON.

Robert Linton became well known in the business circles of Montreal in
connection with the manufacture of woolen goods. He was regarded as a resource-
ful business man whose enterprise, progress and laudable ambition were con-
stantly manifest in the success which he won. A native of Ireland, he was born
in Newtown-Limavady in 1834, a son of Samuel and Martha Linton, who brought
their family to the new world during the boyhood of their son, Robert. Settling

446 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

in jMontreal, their remaining days were passed in tliis city but both have long
since departed this life.

Robert Linton acquired his education in the schools of Montreal and received
his business training with the firm of William Stephen & Company. Of that
tirm Lord Mount Stephen was a partner and eventually took over the business
upon the death of the senior member of the firm. Continuing in active connection
with the business Robert Linton grew in usefulness and capability, as he thor-
oughly acquainted himself with the duties that devolved upon him. After the
death of William Stephen the business was conducted by George Stephen & Com-
pany for some time and Mr. Linton was admitted to partnership in 1857. Upon
the retirement of George Stephen, later Lord Mount Stephen, the business of the
firm of George Stephen & Company was combined with that of Andrew Robertson
under the firm style of Robertson, Linton & Company, this connection continuing
until 1898, when the business was closed out.

Mr. Linton was married twice. At Three Rivers, Quebec, he wedded Miss
Margaret McDougall, and they became the parents of six children, as follows:
Robert M., deceased; Margaret M., who is Mrs. Denaston Breakey, of Breakey-
ville. Quebec ; Ernest, a resident of Ottawa ; Agnes H., who is Mrs. F. N. Southam,
of Montreal; Percy L., deceased; and Alice L., who married Herbert Carter, of
Montreal. The second marriage of Robert Linton was also celebrated at Three
Rivers, Miss Margaret Paterson, daughter of John Paterson, becoming his wife
on the 20th of October, 1886.

Mr. Linton was ever actively interested in those projects and measures bearing
upon the progress, upbuilding and development of the city as well as upon his
Ijusiness affairs. He was widely recognized as an honorable and upright man, in
whose life there were no esoteric phases. He was a member of the Montreal
Board of Trade, a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital, and a justice
of the peace for a few years before his death. He passed away in November,
1899, after having gained for himself a most creditable position in business circles
and in the regard of his fellowmen.

ARTHUR O'CONNELL KAVANAGH.

A history of the insurance business in Montreal would be incomplete without
mention of Arthur O. Kavanagh, who for many years figured [jrominently in
connection therewith. He was one of the city's native sons, born April 12, i860,
and in its schools pursued his education, while in the school of experience he
also learned many valual)le and practical lessons, thus constantly adding to his
knowledge and ability. The family name indicates his Irish lineage and he mani-
fested the sterling characteristics of the race. He was engaged in business with
his brother, Walter Kavanagh, and they became prominent figures in insurance
circles, representing the Scottish Union & National Insurance Company, the
German-American Insurance Company and the Rochester German Insurance Com-
pany, of which they were chief agents. Artliur Kavanagh familiarized himself
with every phase of the l)usiness and had gained a most creditable position as an
alert progressive man and one ready to meet anv emergency in business, 'when

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 447

death called him on the 141)1 of Septeiiil)er, 1896, when he was yet in the prime
of life.

He had been married in Montreal less than five years before, having on the
7th of October, 1891, wedded Alice Mullin, a native of this city and a daughter of
Patrick Midlin, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this publication. They
became the parents of three sons : Harold Henry ; Arthur Patrick, who died at
the age of six years ; and Walter John. Deep regret was felt at the passing of
Mr. Kavanagh, because of his comparatively early age and because he had gained
a firm hold upon the afifectionate regard of his business associates and his many
friends.

PATRICK MULLIN.

Patrick Alullin had traveled life's journey for more than four score years when
he was called from this life on the 14th of August, 1913. He was a native of
Tyrone, Ireland, and for more than six decades was a resident of Montreal,
arriving in this city in 1850. He was associated with various business enter-
prises. With his brother, James E. Mullin, he became associated with another
brother, John Mullin, who had, in 1845, established a wholesale grocery business,
which they conducted on College street, now St. Paul street. There they built
up a very extensive and successful enterprise, their patronage constantly growing,
as their trade interests extended over a wide territory. In the early years of the
business there were practically no railroads in this section of the continent,
while means of water transportation were but slightly developed. They hauled
much of their stock with teams and, notwithstanding the difficulties involved, they
were enterprising enough to compete for business as far west as Toronto. Their
merchandise was taken from Montreal to that city by team, the journey requiring
two weeks. John Mullin died in 1853, after which the business was conducted
by James E. and Patrick Mullin, under the firm name of J. E. Mullin & Company.
Both brothers had great faith in the ultimate growth and prosperity of the city
and because of this they made large investments in real estate, gradually acquiring
the ownership of the block upon which they conducted their business, extending
Irom the rear of the Grand Trunk offices to the Haymarket. Patrick Mullin also
invested in other real estate until his holdings were extensive and important.
The large block which the brothers acquired on St. Paul and William streets later
became the location of the present plant o'f the Canada Cold Storage Company
and Mr. Mullin became a pioneer in that line of business in the city. He was a
man of indefatigable energy and strong purpose and as the years passed on
he carried forward to successful completion whatever he undertook.

Mr. Mullin was united in marriage, in Montreal, to Alice O'Neil. a native of
County Tyrone, Ireland. She died on November 29, 1903, the mother of seven
children, as follows: Mary A., the wife of Joseph A. Cloran, of Boston-, Massa-
chusetts; Margaret J.; Alice, the widow of Arthur O. Kavanagh; John F., who
died in A'larch, 1904, aged twenty-nine years; Patrick; Elizabeth M.. who is
Mrs. Harry J. Trihey ; and Emma .M., wife of William J. Hart.

448 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

A long and useful life was Mr. Alullin's. He was a man of quiet habits, but
greatly enjoyed a good game of forty-iive. In manner he was always courteous,
kindly, and considerate to others. In religious faith he was a Catholic and
devoted much time to increasing the usefulness of St. Bridget's Home and of St.
Patrick's Asylum, being a trustee of the latter institution. He gave liberally
to the church and did everything in his power to promote its influence.

ROSAIRE DUPUIS.

Rosaire Dupuis, one of the rising young notaries of Montreal, is a son of
Louis Napoleon Dupuis and Melanie Panet Levesque. The father is ex-controller
of Montreal and one of the founders of the well known mercantile house of
Dupuis Freres, Limited. The mother of Rosaire Dupuis is a daughter of the
late Pierre Thomas Levesque and comes from a family that has for generations
been prominent in the judicial and legislative history of the province and
Dominion. ]Mr. Dupuis was born in the parish of La Longue Pointe on the 17th
of October, 1888. He made his classical course at L'Assomption College, from
which he was graduated in 1908 with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He then
took up the study of law in Laval University in 1908 and won his LL. L. degree
upon graduation witli the class of June, 191 1. During the summer seasons of
1909 and 1910 he attended the famous Eastman Business Colkge at Pough-
keepsie. New York, where he was graduated with honors on the 30th of August,
1910. During the succeeding year he traveled abroad, visiting the Holy Land and
many European countries.

In January, 1912, Mr. Dupuis began practice and has met with gratifying
success in following his profession, in which he is well versed. He is a conserva-
tive in politics and a Roman Catholic in religious belief. He holds membership
with the Canadian Club, the Alontreal Amateur Athletic Association and the
Knights of Columbus, and for the past two years has been secretary of the Anti-
Alcoholic League. During the years 1909 and 1910 at Laval he was secretary of
the Laval Students-at-Law. He is a young man of promise as well as a credit
to one of Montreal's best families.

DONALD ALEXANDER SMITH.

Donald Alexander Smith, Lord .Strathcoiia and Mount Ro)'al, whose ca.eer
has been so wonderful as to appear almost magical, was born on August 6, 1820,
in the ancient town of Forres, in Morayshire. .Scotland, llis father, Alexander
Smith, was a small tradesman of Archicston and was born in the parish of
Knocando. He married Barbara Stuart, of Leanchoil. ,\bernethv, a ca])a])k',
thrifty woman, ambitious for her children. It was her desire that her son Donald
should prepare for the bar, but, though he did not see fit to follow this wish, the
mother heart never lost faith in her son and it was said that after he came
to Canada as a fur trader she was frequently heard to remark : "They'll all be

^ .

KDSAIKK lU I'l IS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 451

proud of my Donald yet." It was said that in boyhood he was shy, yet amiable,
and displayed sturdy resolution and even hardihood if circumstances called those
qualities forth. After leaving school he took up the study of law, his reading
being directed by Robert Watson, solicitor, for two or three years. At length,
however, he determined to enter the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, influ-
enced somewhat by a previous suggestion made by John Stuart, his uncle, who
was then visiting Scotland. In 1838 he sailed for the new world and after a
voyage of between forty and fifty days upon an eight hundred ton vessel, one of
the largest on the seas at that time, he landed on Canadian shores. The rebellion
of Mackenzie and Papineau had just been suppressed. Donald A. Smith at once
entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, but in a minor position. He
met various hardships, but he proved his tidelity to the company as well as his
capability in performing every service intrusted to him. He was first sent to
the Labrador coast, where he spent thirteen years in a cold, bleak, barren, desolate
region, with no companionship save a few employes, but during that period he
learned the business methods of the company, how to manage Indians and how
to secure the best returns. It has been said that jjower grows through the exercise
of eit'ort and year by year Donald Smith became more powerful. The hardships
which he was forced to endure developed him. There is probably no other
country in the world where there exists a longer or more dangerous postal route
for men and dogs — two thousand miles of land travel from Quebec to Ungava in
the depth of an Arctic winter, continuing froin December until June — yet Lord
Strathcona covered that route not once but many times.

His apprenticeship was, indeed, a difficult one, but he was undeterred by all
obstacles he encountered and privations which he endured. At length, however,
his eyesight became impaired, making it necessary that he go "to Montreal for
treatment. He covered the journey from Labrador by dog sled and on his arrival
m Montreal he was greeted by Sir George Simpson, governor of the company, with
the remark: "Well, young man, why are you not at your post?" "My eyes, sir,"
came the reply, and he pointed to his blue goggles ; "they got so very bad I have
come to see a doctor." But the governor thundered: "And who gave you per-
mission to leave your post?" It would have taken a full year to obtain official
consent, but when Mr. Smith was forced to reply, "No one," the governor
answered : "If it is a question between your eyes and your service in the Hudson's
Bay Company you will take my advice and return this instant to your post," and
Mr. Smith started almost immediately upon that return journey of nearly a
thousand miles. The weather became so bad that both of his Indians succumbed
to the cold and he arrived at the post more dead than alive. He once remarked :
"A man who has been frozen and roasted by turns every year must be the tougher
for it if he survived it at all." Donald A. Smith did survive and advanced
steadily. He learned the dialect of a number of Indian tribes and he so managed
business affairs that his services were ever a matter of profit to the company.
His advancement was slow at first, but his worth was eventually recognized and
promotion came quicker. His duties were many and onerous because of his
remoteness from civilization. He was called upon to minister to the sick and
half a century later, when speaking to the students of the Middlesex Hospital in
London he described the antiseptic which he used in Labrador in the '40s, saving:

"It was a primitive and somewhat rude form of treatment that was practiced in
Vol. m— 20

452 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

those days before Lord Lister introduced his discovery. For the treatment of
wounds, ulcerated sores, etc., a pulp was made by boiling the inner bark of the
juniper tree. The liquor which resulted was used for washing and treating the
wounds and the bark, beaten into a plastic mass, was applied after the thorough
cleaning of the wound, forming a soft cushion, lending itself to every inequality
of the sore. Scrupulous cleanliness was observed and fresh material used for
every application."

When in Labrador, at the age of twenty-nine years, Donald A. Smith married
Isabella Sophia Hardisty, with whom he traveled life's journey for sixty-five
years, separated in her death, which occurred in London in 1913. In the mean-
time he was advancing from one post to another in the service of the Hudson's
Bay Company, becoming trader and then chief trader, while his splendid adminis-
trative ability won him further promotion to factor and to chief factor. In 185 1
he was transferred to the Northwest provinces and became most active in
their later development. He eventually reached the position of supreme head of
the company, becoming the last resident governor of the corporation that had
its beginning under the Merrv Monarch. The year 1868 witnessed his arrival
in Montreal, as chief executive for the Hudson's Bay Company. He is described
at that time as "a man of middle stature, rather slight in build, and looked not at
all the typical northerner, except when one studied his countenance." "The snow
tan of the north had made him dark as an Indian. He wore a full beard, black
and wiry. Black brows met above his eyes, enhancing the stern, uncompromising
aspect of his face. He looked what he was — a commander of men and of forces,
a man made strong by a life of struggle and conquest in the wilderness." He
had not yet become a wealthy man, although he had saved his money and had
invested it in land at various points in the northwest — land that many would
have regarded as valueless. With wonderful prescience he discerned something
of what the future had in store for that great country and with the growth of its
population and the onrushing tide of civilization his holdings increased in value,
making him one of Canada's more prosperous citizens.

While Donald A. Smith had reached the pinnacle of service in connection with
the Hudson's Bay Company when he came to Montreal, he was destined to gain
equal eminence in other directions. In the interests of the Canadian Confedera-
tion it was seen that the title to the territory of the Hudson's Bay Company in
Rupert's Land must pass to the crown and a purchase was arranged whereby
the company received a million dollars and large reserves of land, although the
transfer was not made without great difficulty and danger, culminating in what
has been known as the Red River rebellion, or the first Riel rebellion.

Discontented people of that region had been trying to produce an agitation
that would separate their settlement from that of the Hudson's Bay Company.
The rapid growth of population in Assiniboia was imperilling the company's hold
and its rule, hitherto wise and practical, was denounced as arbitrary. A con-
temporary biographer has written :

"Better representation was demanded and, by dint of much uproar and
noise, considerable sympathy was obtained from outside. To understand fully
the character of this Red River settlement it must l^e explained that the popula-
tion was considerably mixed. In all there were about twelve thousand souls.
There were Europeans, Canadians, Americans and I'Vench half-breeds. With a

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 45*

mixed ijopulatioii like this it was difficult to deal and when, on November 9, 1869,
the deed was signed in Lond(3n, whereby the company surrendered its interests
in the northwest to the crown, with reservations for the company, rebellion
broke out. The leader was tiic famous Louis Riel, a Metis, described as 'a
short, stout man. with a large head, a square cut, massive forehead overhung by
a mass of long and thickly clustering hair and marked with well cut eyebrows —
altogether a remarkaijle looking face.'

"The Hon. William McDougall had been appointed lieutenant governor of
Rupert's Land and the Northwest territories in September, 1869, but when he
went, by way of the United States, to possess himself of his power he was turned
back on the borders of his domain by Louis Riel and his followers, the Metis
of the plains, who absolutely refused to recognize his authority on the ground
that they had not been consulted in the new arrangement. Mr. McDougall fotmd
himself imable to cope with the situation and was compelled to remain at a farm
house several miles south of the boundary line for six weeks.

"Meanwhile the armed resistance to authority had attained serious propor-
tions. Riel seized Fort Garry, made the editor of the local paper prisoner and was
issuing proclamations to the inhabitants. So matters went on until sixty of Riel's
enemies were confined in Fort Garry and the insurgents' flag hoisted.

"Meanwhile in his office in Montreal Donald A. Smith was slowly but surely
studying the position. Understanding the character of both McDougall and
Riel, he saw how hopeless the situation was. Understanding them better than
they understood themselves, he realized that what was needed was a man who
knew the inner mind of the company well and cotild clear its character of the
imputations cast upon it. He was the man — he felt it and although the journey
involved grave personal risk he resolved to go. The government promptly
accepted his services and he was appointed special commissioner to proceed at
once to Fort Garry.

"With characteristic courage he w-ent unarmed and almost alone. No sooner
had he arrived at Fort Garry than he was treated as a prisoner of 'President'
Riel. That, however, did not check his determination. He had made up his
mind to avoid bloodshed and yet to enforce the decision of the government. To
quote his own w^ords: 'The part I had to act was that of a mediator. Not only
would one rash or unguarded word have increased the difficulty but even the
pointing of a finger might, on more than one occasion, have been sufficient to
ptit the whole country in a flame.' Rut the unguarded word was never spoken,
the finger was never pointed in a wrong direction and the rebellion ended in a
bloodless expedition. Yet before Sir Garnet Wolseley marched to the Red river
many a heated discussion was held and pral)ably never before in history has a
regularly ordained meeting been held in British territory under such conditions.
If the moral atmosphere was warmly e.xcited, the physical atmosphere was
depressed enough to chill the fiercest rebels.

"The first meeting was a memorable one. In the open air, with the ther-
mometer twenty degrees below zero, a cruel, biting wind penetrating through the
warmest clothing, there they stood, men of all nationalities and ages. On the small,
raised platform were the four most concerned in the rebellion — Riel, O'Donoghue,
De Salaberry (a man beloved by thousands) and Donald A. Smith. At first the
meeting was wholly with Riel, who cleverly got himself appointed French inter-

454 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

preter. But when tilings were at their worst and men of the opposite sides glared
at each other with hate in their eyes, Mr. Smith rose to speak. His facts, his
practical wisdom and, above all, his reasonableness had their eflfect upon the
swaying multitude. If he did not gain much that day, at any rate he averted
bloodshed.

"In the open air, with the thermometer twenty degrees below zero, in the teeth
of a biting blast, this meeting was conducted with a respect for decorum and
ancient parliamentary methods worthy of Westminster itself.

"The next day things went better. The proposition that representatives should
be chosen from both sides was accepted, and when Riel agreed to disband the
men at Fort Garry all classes felt that the worst was over. However, matters
were not so easily arranged. Riel broke his word and the murder of a young
man named Scott complicated the situation. Nevertheless, the excitement slowly
cooled and there is little doubt that but for the tactful courage of Mr. Smith a
spark would have been put to the flame of rebellion.

" T am as certain as I can be of anything,' said Dr. O'Donnell, one of the
old timers of Winnipeg, who was at Fort Garry in 1869, 'that Donald A. Smith
saved the northwest of Canada. On December 10, 1869, he was appointed a
special commissioner to explain to the people of the Red River settlement the
principles on which the government of Canada intended to govern the country
and to take such steps as he might consider necessary to bring about a peaceable
transfer from the Hudson's Bay Company to the Dominion. At that time
everything was in confusion; Mr. McDougall had been refused a'dmission, Riel
was king, an American element was trying to bring about the annexation of the
settlement to the United States and last but not least the Indians were disaffected.
^^'hen he reached Fort Garry Mr. Smith was virtually made a prisoner, Riel
v.ould not allow- him to go outside the fort and kept an eye on his correspondence.
In January. 1870. a mass meeting was held at Fort Garry and Mr. Smith was
allowed to state his case and tell what he wanted the people to do. Riel was pres-
ent, together with O'Donoghue and other insurrectionaries. It was a critical
moment, I assure you ; in fact, when Mr. Smith got up to read his commission
from Sir John Young most of those present expected to see him arrested or
shot on the spot. As it was he had a stormy time, but managed to impress many
of the hot-headed with the belief that the interests of the settlement would be
properly safeguarded by Canada. Rjel was afraid of Mr. Smith's influence and
at once hurried on preparations for having himself made president of a provisional
government. Then came the wholesale arrests culminating in the murder of
Thomas Scott. Mr. .Smith risked his life in an attempt to save Scott. Not-
withstanding Riel's antipathy to him, he went boldly to Riel and pleaded for Scott,
even going so far as to warn Riel that if Scott was shot his blood would be
upon his head. Riel was intoxicated with power and more than half disjiosed to
shoot others on the loyal side, but Mr. Smith told him to his teeth that such
a crime would not go unpunished.

"'In the discussions that took place over the Bill of Rights to be sent to
Ottawa, the chief part was borne by Mr. Smith. His coolness and sagacity
undoubtedly prevented the collapse of the negotiations. "This man Smith," said
O'Donoghue at one stage, "knows too much for us, he is too able for us. We
must get rid of him or the northwest cannot be made either an independent

HISTORY OF MONTREAL . 455

republic or part of the United States. I le is a Hudson"s Bay Company officer
and as such a friend of the half-breeds, and will be able to persuade ihem that
union with Canada is to their interest." It was a wonder all along that Mr. Smith
was not shot. He was warned often enough that his life was in danger, but
seemed quite willing to risk it in behalf of the cause he represented. A good
many English-speaking settlers, while loyal enough, did not at first care to belong
to Canada ; they thought Rupert's Land would be better ofif as a crown colony than
as a Canadian province and Mr. Smith had to convince them that they were
mistaken. In reality, therefore, he was between two tires — the Kiel or disatifected
party and the loyalists who did not favor the idea of confederation — whilst, as
i have said, there was an American element working for annexation.

" 'At a later period when Governor Archibald came in (September 2, 1870),
Mr. Smith rendered services to Canada of the highest moment. The Governor
did not receive a very cordial reception, but Mr. Smith, who accompanied him,
set about the work of conciliating the French, the old time English-speaking
settlers and the new or Canadian settlers, who constituted three distinct factions.
Mr. Archibald frequently told me that but for Mr. Smith the little community
would have been torn to pieces by intestine strife. He was the one man who
brought the northwest into Canada, who, indeed, saved it to the British empire,
and we think he should get credit, even at this late day, for so great a work.'

"Many are the anecdotes concerning Mr. Smith's dangerous mission to Fort
Garry during the first Riel rebellion and of the commencement of his political
career in the far west."

With Sir Garnet Wolseley were Captain Duller, afterward General Sir Redvers,
and Lieutenant Butler, afterward General Sir William. The tyranny of Riel had
become irksome to the people, who received the newcomers joyously, and at the
approach of the "red coats" Riel, with his co-conspirators, fled, taking up his
position on the shores of St. Boniface. All was now quiet in the settlement, the
purchase price of one million, five hundred thousand dollars had been paid and
the territory transferred to Canada.

Donald A. Smith was by this time recognized as the most powerful man in the
west. The governor general thanked him for his services and in 1870, after
the organization of the province of Manitoba, he was returned to the legislature
for Winnipeg and St. John. He was also called to the Northwest territorial council
and was returned for Selkirk to the house of commons. He supported the
conservative government then under direction of Sir John A. Macdonald and the
party soon found that in him there was another man fit for leadership. It was
found that the builders of the railway from ocean to ocean had trafficked with
contractors and taken money for election purposes. This became known as the
Pacific Scandal and the intense feeling manifest throughout the country centered
in the house of commons. The house divided upon a motion of the Hon. Alex-
ander Mackenzie, the leader of the liberal opposition to Sir John Macdonald.
Feeling was intense. At one o'clock in the morning of November 5, 1873, Mr.
Smith arose and uttered what became an oracular speech, for the people he
represented were vitally interested in the building of the railway so necessary to
the development of their country. It is said the house became deadly calm ; no
one knew whether he would adhere to his party's policies or otherw'ise. He said :
"For the honor of the country no government should exist that has a shadow of

456 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

suspicion resting upon it, and for that reason I cannot give it my support."
These were his closing words, greeted by frantic cheers by the opposition, and
the government was doomed. Feeling ran high and was most intense and
bitter, but in later years the two leaders, the great statesman and the great
financier, built together the Canadian Pacific Railway. Both were master builders
and the executive capacity of the financier was necessary to the constructive
genius of the statesman. It was in no idle spirit of laudation that Sir Charles
Tupper stated that "had it not been for Mr. Smith's indomitable pluck, energy
and determination the road would never have been constructed."

Mr. Smith thoroughly understood the fact that colonization could not be
■carried forward in the west without the building of the railroad. Another has
written concerning this :

"It must have been with profound reluctance that he voted for the overthrow
•of the Macdonald government. He knew that the fall of that administration would
set back the construction of the Pacific Railway and of the necessity of that great
"work to the unity and stability of the confederation he was thoroughly con-
vinced. He was not well satisfied with the slower and less heroic policy of
Mackenzie, although it is said he believed the road should be built by the govern-
ment and 'not by any company, however honorable or competent.' He said in
1876, 'Nothing short of a guaraiUee from the government of interest on the whole
.amount of the bonds could induce capitalists to embark on the enterprise.' He,
therefore, well understood the magnitude of the contract into which the syndicate
entered in 1880 and the peril to his fortune and reputation involved in the assump-
tion of that gigantic undertaking.

■'There is no doubt that the syndicate received great subventions, but Mr.
Smith and his courageous associates undertook to build a railway through thous-
.ands of miles of unknown and uninhabited country, along the sterile shores of
Fake Superior and across the Rocky mountains. They had to go out in advance
•of settlement. They had to lead the march of civilization across leagues of
unsettled prairie. They had to seek a silent port on the Pacific. It was a more
■daring idea than the Cape to Cairo Railway, which united two great centers of
world activity. The Canadian Pacific was a plunge through nothing to nothing.
It was a stupendous guess at the future. As we look back we recognize that few
iliuman achievements rank higher than the construction of the Canadian Pacific
Railway across this enormous stretch of territory, its operation during the first
ten years of its history and the maintenance of its credit in face of persistent
attack, slow growth of population and unpromising national outlook. The whisper
goes that when the great enterprise hung on the verge of collapse, Mr. Siuith
pledged his private fortune to the last dollar in support of its credit, as he held
his associates to the scrupulous performance of every detail of their contract with
the country."

One of the initial steps of the work was the purchase of the liankrupt St.
Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway, which, extending over Muinesota and
Dakota had a branch line to Pembina, Manitoba. Puilt by Dutch ca])italists, it
hecame bankrupt in 1873, yet Messrs. Smith and Tlill recognized that with the
return of prosperity this would become a profitalilc undertaking. These two,
together with George Stephen, later Ford Mount Stei)hen, and N. W. Kittson
j)urchased the road.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 457

Sir J(jhii Macdoiiald returned to power in 1878, but he could not secure tlic
cooperation of London financiers in the building of the railroad. When it was
seen that it was impossible to carry the project through as a government railroad,
in 1880 the four meii who had made the old Minnesota railroad a paying invest-
ment, undertook- the other task. A .syndicate was formed, known as the Canadian
LacilVc Railway Company, ultimately capitalized at seventy-five million dollars,
with twenty-five million dollars of land grant bonds, and this company built the
lailroad from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The task accomplished was a gigantic
one. The movement had the support of the conservative government, but was
bitterly assailed by the oi)position, both in the house and through the press.
Again and again the word went out through the papers and through party utter-
ances that the railroad could never be made a paying investment. It was almost
impossible to get investors to buy stock. At times the treasury seemed utterly
exhausted. It is said that one day Donald A. Smith came late to a directors' meet-
ing. He looked into the faces of his colleagues and said: "Nobody has any money;
let's adjourn until tomorrow." The following day he smilingly entered the room.
"Has anybody raised any money?" he asked. Everyone replied: "Not a cent."
"I have raised another million," announced Mr. Smith, "and that will last us
until somebody gets more money." Never for a moment did he lose faith in the
ultimate triumph of the venture. He inspired others with much of his own con-
tagious enthusiasm. Again and again when his associates seemed utterly dis-
couraged he inspired them with ho]ie and when he was in Great Britain and
the directors wrote him a long letter indicating their utter despair he cabled back
one word "Craigellachie," recalling at once the old Highland clan cry "Stand Fast,
Craigellachie," and once more inspired by their chieftain the men did stand fast
and on the 7th of November, 1885, at Craigellachie, British Columbia, Donald A.
Smith, then a white haired man, drove a golden spike into the cedar tie ujion
which the rails met from east to west. The weight of the Herculean task which
he had accomplished between 1880 and 1885 had changed the strong, black bearded,
sturdy man to a white haired veteran. Before night came on the Marquis of
Lansdowne, governor general of Canada, had received a telegram from Queci:
Victoria congratulating the Canadian people on an event "of greatest importance
to the whole British empire." Speaking of the Canadian Pacific Railway Sir
Charles Tupper said :

"The Canadian Pacific Railway would have no existence today, notwithstand-
ing all the government did to support that undertaking, had it not been for the
indomitable pluck and energy and determination, both financially and in every
other respect, of Sir Donald Smith." Mr. James J. Hill, president of the Great
Northern Railway of the United States, also said that "the one person to who.se
efforts and to whose confidence in the growth of our country, our success in early
railway development is due is Sir Donald A. Smith."

The splendid work done by Mr. Smith won him imperial honors. He was
created a knight commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and
St. George by Queen Victoria in 1886 and a decade later received a knight grand
cross in the same order, being privately invested by Her Majestv at Windsor
Castle. At the time of the Diamond Jubilee in 1S97 Queen \'ictoria bestowed a
further mark of royal favor upon Mr. Smith liy elevating him to the peerage of
the united kingdom as Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal of Glencoe, in the

458 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

county of Argyll, and of Montreal, in the province of Quebec and Dominion of
Canada. In 1908 he was appointed a knight of the grand cross of the Royal
Victorian Order and was also elected a fellow of the Royal Society, while in
1910 he became a knight of grace of the Order of the Hospitallers of St. John
of Jerusalem.

In the meantime he had become identified with so many financial interests that
it would be impossible to enumerate them. He also remained active in politics,
unyielding as ever in all matters where subserviency was demanded by party
exigencies. It has been said :

"He was not a legislator; he was not a stateman ; he never wanted office; and
he seldom spoke. He was forced into the house by his commanding personality
and he sat there representing the silent power of the empire builder. But it is
not to be supposed that he was not a working member. Probably few men did
more valualjle parliamentary work, while he remained a member of the house."

In 1874 Mr. Smith resigned his seat in the Alanitolia legislature, but remained
a representative of the province at Ottawa, sitting for Selkirk until 1880. In 1887,
at the general election, he was returned to the house of commons as member for
Montreal West, now St. Antoine division, by a majority of fourteen hundred and
fifty, and was reelected in 1891 by a majority of thirty-seven hundred and six,
remaining the representative for Montreal West until 1896. In 1892 he was an
active participant in the commercial congress held in London and in March, 1896,
he served as a delegate to the Manitoba government to aid in deciding the Mani-
toba school question, his colleagues being Messrs. Dickey and Desjardins. In April
of the same year he was sworn of the queen's privy council of Canada, and he was
commissioner to the Pacific cable conference held in London in 1896, in which
year he once more attended the commercial congress. During the existence of
the Imperial Federation League he was vice president of that organization for
Quebec. In April, 1896, ere the conservative administration went out of power,
he was appointed Canadian high commissioner in Great Britain, succeeding
Sir Charles Tupper, who had filled the office since its creation in 1884. The high
commissionership combines all the functions of an ambassador and financial agent
but has no diplomatic standing. The appointment as high commissioner is a
political one, but when Sir W'ilfrid Laurier came into power Lord Strath-
cona still retained the position as if there had lieen no change in government.
When the conservatives returned to power in 191 1 he remained in London, with
the approval of all Canada. When the expenses of the high commissioner's office
in London were being discussed in the Dominion house of commons the late
Sir Richard Cartwriglit said :

"I believe that Canada has in very important respects l^een extremclv well
served by Lord Strathcona since he has represented us in Great Britain. It is
a matter of no small moment to Canada that our representative should be well and
favorably known on the London Stock Exchange as a man of the highest honor
and probity, and a man whose word is universally admitted to be his bond. I need
not tell the house that the emoluments are absolutely naught to Lord Strathcona.
I need not tell the house that in all prohal)ility, in the exercise of hospitality which
he has indulged in during a single London season, he will vastly exceed all that
is nonu'nally assigned to him as the representative of Canada. T think every
member of the house who has occasion to visit London will testify that, whether

HISTORY OF MONTREAL • 459

or not the office in other respects comes up to all that he desires, Lord Stralhcona,
at any rate, is worthy of upholding in every possible way the honor and dignity
of Canada. I may further add that Lord Strathcona is a man whose advice is
eagerly sought and has very great weight, indeed, with the British government
and with Englishmen, Scotsmen and Irishmen of every rank and station. As
regards his intiuence in what I may call the diplomatic circle and the ministerial
circle and on the Stock Exchange, Canada would find it pretty hard, indeed,
to replace Lord Strathcona."

Lord Strathcona's name stands high on the roll of those who have figured most
prominently in financial circles in the Dominion. He was one of the large share-
holders of the Bank of Montreal, became its vice president in 1882 and president
in 1887. It was only after many years' residence in London that he resigned in
1905, whereupon he was immediately elected honorary president for life. He
studied banking from every possible standpoint and in all of its relations to other
business interests. His first address to the shareholders after he became president
was a notable one. He spoke of the bountiful harvests in Canada and in the
American northwest and recognized the fact that shipping interests must bring
the grain to Montreal and that the bank would benefit thereby. Few men would
have considered the question in so wide a scope. Year after year during his
presidency Lord Strathcona continued to caH attention to the wealth of the nation
as provided by the agricultural districts of the northwest and time has proven the
wisdom of his judgment in this regard.

Not only was Lord Strathcona a railroad builder, a distinguished financier and
a political leader, but he was also one of Canada's most generous philanthropists.
He never for a moment forgot his own struggles and his hand was ever out-
reaching to assist another. His munificence was princely, yet his giving was most
imostentatious in its character and no one will ever know the extent of his private
charities. Some of his gifts, however, he could not conceal. In association with
Lord Mount Stephen he gave one million for the erection of a great hospital in
Montreal to commemorate the queen's jubilee. Later, when the building had been
erected on the mountain side, they gave equally in the sum of eight hundred
thousand to endow the institution and the Royal Victoria is today one of the best
equipped hospitals on the continent. rModern science has been exhausted to
furnish it adequately and the large endowment makes it possible to keep pace
with the newest discoveries and inventions. McGill University has again and again
been the beneficiary of Lord Strathcona until the sum total of his gifts reaches
two million dollars, and in addition he has presented to the university the land
on which to erect the new medical building and the site and building of the
Royal Victoria College. He also gave the income of a million dollars as an endow-
ment to the Royal Victoria College and the chair of zoology. The former was
founded for the higher education of women and is one of the most popular
and useful of his bequests to McGill. Lord Strathcona was early chosen a gov-
ernor of McGill and was elected chancellor of the university in 1889. The gifts to
the university for the faculty of medicine included the Leanchoil endowment, in
memory of his mother, fifty thousand dollars; for endowment of the chair of
pathology, fifty thousand dollars; for endowment of the department of hvgiene.
fifty thousand dollars. The faculty of applied science benefited by the endowment
of its pension fund, fifty thousand dollars, while the faculty of arts also benefited

460 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

by a like amount for tlie same object. Of the five hundred thousand dollar gift,
given in 1909, it was stipulated that tifty thousand should go for augmenting
the salaries of the professional staff. To the Trafalgar Institute, affiliated with
McGill University, he gave thirty thousand dollars. Together with Lord Mount
Stephen he endowed a Canadian scholarship in the Royal College of Music,
London, and subsequently endowed a second scholarship on his own account.
Lord Strathcona took an active interest in the cooperative scheme put in operation
in 1012 by the Alontreal Theological Colleges affiliated with McGill and in the
summer of i(;i3 contributed one hundred thousand dollars to a half million dollar
fund raised by the friends of the four institutions concerned — Anglican, Pres-
byterian, Methodist and Congregational — to place the joint work upon a permanent
basis. As honorary chairman of the Western committee of the Young Men's
Christian Association Lord Strathcona gave one hundred and fifty thousand dol-
lars to funds for the Young Men's Christian Association buildings in Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia.

Lord Strathcona's patriotism and generosity found expression in the equip-
ment of the famous Strathcona Horse, a military force of five hundred and forty
men completely equipped and sent to the front at a critical period of the war.
He paid the expenses of equipment, pay and transport until the regiment reached
Cape Town. The service of the regiment was, indeed, a credit to its founder and
has become a part of the military history of Canada. Another of Lord Strath-
cona's beneficent gifts was the contribution of two hundred and fifty thousand
dollars to create an annual fund of ten thousand dollars for the encouragement
of physical and military training in the public schools of the Dominion. In
v,-riting upon this subject Lord Strathcona said:

"While I attach the highest importance to the advantages of physical training
and elementary drill for all children of both sexes, I am particularly anxious
that the especial value of military drill, including rifle shooting for boys capable
of using rifles, should be constantly borne in mind. Aly object is not only to help
to improve the physical and intellectual capabilities of the children by inculcating
habits of alertness, orderliness and prompt obedience but also to bring up the
boys to patriotism and to a realization that the first duty of a free citizen is to be
prepared to defend his country. The Dominion at the present time and for man}'
years to come can hardly hope to be alile to give so long a period of training to
her military forces as by itself would suffice to make them efficient soldiers, but
if all boys had acquired a fair acquaintance while at school with simple military
drill and rifle shooting the degree of efficiency which could be reached in the
otherwise short period which can be devoted to the military training of the
Dominion forces would in my opinion be enormously enhanced."

Among other evidences of his generosity was a gift of one hundred thousand
dollars in June, 1913, through the minister of militia, for the purchase of a site
on Lome Crescent for a drill hall for the exclusive use of McGill students.

Lord Strathcona has been equally generous in his assistance of Scottish
institutions. He gave to Marischal College, Aberdeen, one hundred and twenty-
five thousand dollars and to Aberdeen University fifty thousand dollars. He
became chancellor of the university in 1903 and held the office throughout his
remaining days, while from the students came the honor of election as lord
rector of that university. He founded the Leanchoil Cottage Hospital ,in his

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 461

native town of Forres and gave generously to cjllier cliarilahle and educational
institutions of his native land. In 1902 he gave a million dollars to the fund for
King Edward's Hospital and about the same time gave fifty-two thousand, live
hundred dollars to Queen Alexandra's fund for the unemployed.

Lord Strathcona was honored with the friendship of Queen Victoria, King
Edward and Queen Alexandra and of King George and Queen Mary and for
many years His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught regarded him as a close
friend. He was the host of King George and Queen IMary when as Duke and
Duchess of Cornwall and York they visited Montreal in September, 191 1. By
invitation he was present at the coronation of King Edward and Queen Alex-
andra in 1902 and at the funeral of the former in 1910 he was one of Canada's
representatives. Again in his oi^cial capacity he was present at the coronation
of King George and Queen Mary in 191 1.

Many academic honors were conferred upon Lord Strathcona. He received
the LL. D. degree from Cambridge in 1S87; LL. D., Yale, 1892; LL. D., Aberdeen,
1899; LL. D., Laval, 1902; LL. D., Toronto, 1903; LL. D., Queen's, Kingston,
1905; LL. D., Ottawa, 1906; LL. D., St. Andrew's, 191 1; and D. C. L., Durham,
1912. He was presented with the freedom of the city of Aberdeen in 1902;
of Edinburgh in 1903; of Bristol in 1908; and of Bath in 191 1. Lord Strathcona's
portrait by Arless was exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 1890.
Another portrait by Jongers was presented to McGill University by the governors
of that institution in 1901. Still another portrait was presented to the Canada
Club of London in 1902. Lord Strathcona was honorary president of the Mount
Royal Club and also of the Canadian Club of Montreal. In 1898 he was appointed
honorary lieutenant colonel of the Victoria Rifles, Montreal, a tribute to the
interest he had taken in the military movement in Canada. In 1902 he became
iionorary colonel of the Eighth Volunteer Battalion of the King's Liver-
pool Regiment. In 1909 he was honored by being made honorary colonel of the
Fifteenth Light Horse and in 1910 he was made the honorary colonel of the
Seventy-ninth Flighlanders. At the house of the Royal Society of Arts, Adelphi,
London, on November 15, 1912, Lord Sanderson, on behalf of the Duke of
Connaught, president of the society, presented the society's Albert medal to Lord
Strathcona "for his services in improving the railway communications, developing
the resources and promoting the commerce and industry of Canada and other
parts of the British empire." Lord Sanderson read a message from the Duke of
Connaught in which His Royal Highness said: "In my present office of gov-
ernor general of Canada I have had special opportunities of fully realizing the
great services Lord Strathcona has rendered to the Dominion and to the industrial
and commercial progress of the British empire. As an old friend of many
years' standing I rejoiced that, as president of the vSociety of Arts, I had been
able to add another mark of appreciation of his long and valuable career of
usefulness."

Lord Strathcona was a familiar figure at the Athenaeum Club in Pall Mall,
the center of British culture and exclusiveness. In one of its handsome dining
rooms he delighted to gather together distinguished men of Great Britain to meet
visiting Canadians of high rank and greatly was the honor appreciated. Sir
Wilfrid Laurier and Mr. Borden have both enjoyed the High Commissioner's

462 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

hospitality in this hixurious form and reahzed afresh what a genius for enter-
taining was his.

A contemporary biographer has written :

"On November 12, 1913, Lord Strathcona suffered bereavement by the death
of Lady Strathcona, who died in her eighty-ninth year, at their London home,
Grosvenor Square, most unexpectedly. Pneumonia was the cause of death.
Lord Strathcona bore the blow with much fortitude and made continuous acknowl-
edgement of many hundreds of messages of sympathy which came to him from
all quarters and classes, from the king and the royal family downwards.

■"Isabella Sophia, Lady Strathcona, was the daughter of the late Mr. Richard
Hardisty, long a resident of Montreal and also for many years one of the trusted
agents of the Hudson's Bay Company in Labrador. She became the wife of
Lord Strathcona when he was twenty-nine years of age. The early married life
of Lord and Lady Strathcona was spent in the bleak winds of Labrador. It was a
terrible country in those days. Winter comes early and stays late — and such a
winter! A few shorts hours of frozen day, then night — a long uncanny night.
Sometimes the snow falls through weeks on weeks and no man dares to move
beyond the circle of the little settlement. Wolves in those days would sweep
the icy paths, truculent, hungry, seeking their sustenance. At night about the
little camp their hordes would sweep howling in mournful unison. By day, men
went their ways but cautiously, watching the hard grey sky above and the hard
white snow below.

"Lady Strathcona accompanied her husband everywhere in his long years of
service of the Hudson's Bay Company. They saw Lake Winnipeg before the
city was. They traveled the dreadful wastes where the great Mackenzie river
tumbles across the Arctic circle. Dreary Keewatin they learned from end to end,
tramping in and out from the posts on Hudson's bay. They threaded the forests
on the Ontario hinterland and on foot or by dog sled paced the thousands of
miles of prairie that lie between Lake Winnipeg and the Rocky mountains.

''Lord and Lady Strathcona spent over sixty years of happy married life
together. Lady Strathcona maintained her interest in Canada to the very end
and took the keenest interest in public affairs. She followed events in Canada
closely and was especially interested in everything pertaining to McGill Uni-
versity. All who were the recipients of her hospitality in London, either as the
wife of Canada's high commissioner or as private guests were charmed with
the kindness displayed to them by Lady Strathcona. Lady Strathcona was pre
sented, with Lord Strathcona, to Queen \'ictoria in Windsor Castle in July,
1886, and to King Edward and Queen .Alexandra at Buckingham Palace in March,
1903, and April, 1904. She was present, with Lord Strathcona, in Westminster
Abbey at the coronation of King Edward and Queen Alexandra. With Lord
.Strathcona she was also present at the coronation of King George and Queen
Mary, in June, 191 1.

"Although a woman of a retiring and altogether unostentatious nature Lady
Strathcona throughout her life splendidly seconded her husband in his innumer-
able acts and schemes for the benefit of the people of Canada and of mankind
at large. With her daughter, the Hon. Mrs. Howard, Lady Strathcona gave one
hundred thousand dollars to McGill University for the erection of a new wing
to the medical building. To Queen Alexandra's fund for the relief of the unem-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 463

ployed of Great I'ritaiii she gave fifty-two thousand, five liuiidrcd dollars and
from time to time she also gave largely in many directions. Throughout she
exercised a large and gracious hospitality. At Knebworth House and at Glencoe
in Scotland she was beloved by the people for her many acts of kindness and
generosity.

'■'Lady -Slradicona accompanied Lord Strathcona on his flying visit to Canada
in the autumn of 1913. when His Lordshij) came to Montreal to take part in
the ceremonies connected with the congress of the American Bar Association.
Lady Strathcona at that time ai)i)eared to be in the best of health and spirits.
They were present together at the recent reception given by the Duke and
Duchess of Connaught at St. James Palace just before Their Royal Highnesses
left London to return to Canada.

"Lady Strathcona"s funeral took place to Highgate cemetery on November
18, after a simple service in the Church of St. Mark. Lord Strathcona was a
pathetic figure as he followed the coffin to the church, leaning on the arm of his
daughter, the Hon. Mrs. Howard. Among the numerous floral tributes was a
handsome wreath with a tender inscription from Queen Mother Alexandra. It
l>ore the words, "To dear Lady Strathcona — a sorrowing tribute to the memory
of a beloved wife and companion for sixty-five years — From Alexandra.' "

It was I)ut little more than two months after the death of Lady Strathcona
that Lord Strathcona jjassed away, his death occurring January 21, 1914. His
was a strikingly splendid figure even at the age of ninety-three. He had learned
well the lessons of life. Nobility of character and high purpose had won for
him imperial honors and had made him one of the world's empire builders.

ROBERT JAMES INGLIS.

At the time of his death, which occurred on the 25th of June, 1903, Robert
James Inglis was at the head of the most extensive merchant tailoring establish-
ment and the best known business of its kind in Montreal, which was developed
entirely through his eflforts and capability. He was recognized as a self-mafle
man and his example should serve as a source of encouragement and inspiration to
others. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1856 and in 1875, when but nine-
teen years of age, he opened a tailoring establishment on St. Joseph, now Notre
Dame street. Although his start in life was comparatively unimportant, he soon
demonstrated his capability and proved that he was worthy of confidence and
support. Year by year his patronage grew and after nine years at his original
location he removed to Beaver Hall Hill while later he was for five years on
St. Catherine street West. Less than one month prior to his demise he opened his
establishment in a business block which he had erected, having well appointed
and attractive quarters in which he carried a large and carefully selected line of
goods. In style, excellence of design and workmanship the output of his estab-
lishment could not be surpassed, and progressive methods and honorable dealing
led to the establishment of a business of large and gratifying proportions.

Mr. Inglis was survived by his widow and four sons : Douglas S., Robert J.,
W. Stewart, and Lockhart C. The first two are in charge of the business of

464 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

R. J. Inglis, Ltd.. of Montreal, and \V. Stewart is in charge of the branch of the
ririn in Winnipeg, estabhshed after the death of his father. Mr. Inghs had reached
a position where the comforts and luxuries of life were at his comniand but
death called him when he was only forty-seven years of age. He was a prominent
member of Victoria Lodge, No. 57, A. F. & A. M., but he was never a club man,
preferring the enjoyment of the pleasures of his home. He possessed a strong
character, marked individuality and pleasing personality and was loved by all
who knew him. His acquaintance was a wide one, for his entire business life had
been spent in Montreal and he had gained for himself a creditable position in
business and social circles.

CHARLES BLAIR GORDON.

Jilanufacturing and financial interests in Montreal find a worthy representa-
tive in Charles Blair Gordon, practical, progressive and determined. His
familiarity with the line of business in which he is engaged, his recognition of
opportunities and his laudable ambition have gained him distinction and success,
and material progress has been largely promoted through his efforts. Perhaps there
is no other man in Canadian business life whose career so aptly illustrates the
reward of conscientious l:)usiness energy. Montreal has reason to be proud of
the fact that he is one of her native sons. He was born here in 1867, his par-
ents being John and Jane Gordon. After passing through consectitive grades
to the high school and mastering the branches of Itjarning therein taught, he took
up the more difilicult lessons to be learned in the school of experience, entering
business circles in the employ of Mclntyre, Sons & Company. In that connec-
tion he gained his first knowledge of business methods and measures, and the
experience which he thus ac(|uired led him to beliexe that he might profitably
pursue a business career independently. He left that firm, therefore, to become
the organizer of the .Standard Shirt Company, of which he became the manager,
and which he conducted very successfully. At the organization of the
Dominion Textile Company, Mr. Gordon became at first managing director
and vice president. He was elected to the presidency of the com-
pany in K/jf; and has since remained at its head, bending his energies to
administrative direction and executive control. The business, which is one of
the worlds' largest cotton manufacturing concerns, has developed steadily under_
his guidance, for he keeps in close touch with trade conditions and studies every
c|uestion bearing upon manufacturing in his line. He was also at one time vice
president of the Montmorency Cotton Mills Company and of the Colonial Bleach-
ing & Printing Company. He was likewise a director of the Merchants Cotton
Company and is still financially and officially connected with the Montreal Cotton
Company. He is a director of the Bank of Montreal, president of Penman's,
Ltd., ])residenl of Hill Crest Collieries. Ltd., vice president of the well known
financial jjond and in\estmcnt house of C. .Meredith. Ltd., and a director of the
Ogilvie Flour Mills Comi)any, Ltd. lie is likewise a director of the Ritz-Carlton
Company, owners of the magnilicent new hotel, the Royal Trust Company, the
Dominion r)ridgc Company, and numerous other cor])orations in the Dominion

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 465

of Canada. His judgment is sought as a valuable factor in the management
cf all tlie dirtcrent business organizations with which he is connected. McGill
University has requisitioned his services and made him one of its governors.
To further the interests of trade he has become a member of the Canadian
. Manufacvurers Association and was elected vice president of the Queljcc brancli
in lyii.

In 1897 Mr Gordon was united in marriage to Miss Annie I'rooks, of Sea-
forth, Ontario, and they reside at Terra Nova on St. Luc road, Ville Notre
Dame des Neiges, Montreal. His social interests largely center in his member-
shiiJ in the Mount Royal, Canada, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Racquet, Montreal
jockey and Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs. Mr. Gordon is a typical man of
the age. He has gone beyond many who perhaps started out ahead of him in
the race of life, this being due to his close application, unfaltering energy, and an
earnest and persistent desire to accomplish at any one point in his career the
utmost possibility for success at that point. He belongs to that class of valued
and representative citizens who in advancing individual interests have also largely
promoted the public good.

LESLIE HALE BOYD.

Leslie Hale Boyd is not only a student of the law but also of the vital public
questions which are engaging wide attention, and is, as well, widely known
in connection with many athletic and similar organizations. Montreal num-
bers him among her native sons, his birth having here occurred July 31, 1873,
his parents being Andrew and Georgina L. (Hale) Boyd. Passing through
consecutive grades in the public schools, he entered the Montreal high school
and eventually pursued the arts and law courses in McGill University, which
in 1894 conferred upon him the B. A. degree and in 1897 that of B. C. L. In
1898 he began practice as an advocate, and while advancement at the bar is
proverbially slow no dreary novitiate awaited him. Almost from the begin-
ning of his professional career he was accorded a liberal clientage and is now
one of the prominent practitioners of the Montreal bar. In 1908 he was created
king's counsellor. As he has won success in his profession, he has made invest-
ments in real estate and is now the owner of considerable valuable property in
the city.

In 189S Mr. Boyd was married to Miss Emma Constance, a daughter of the
late William Farrell, of Montreal, but her death occurred in August, 1909. Mr.
Boyd makes his home at No. 1036 Dorchester street West. He is a Presbyterian
in religious faith and is identified with various social organizations and with
different societies having to do with the material development and welfare of
the city. He belongs to the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, which has
honored him with the presidency, and in 1908 he was vice president of the
.A.mateur .Athletic Federation of Canada. He likewise belongs to the Canada Club
and the Engineers Club, the Caledonia and St. Lawrence Curling Clubs, the Cana-
dian Club and the Rangers, Fish and Game Club, and he figures prominently in the
various athletic and similar organizations to which he belongs. His interest in

466 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

affairs of general importance is indicated in the fact that he is a governor of the
A'lontreal Homeopathic Hospital and a member of the Protestant board of school
trustees at St. Henri, P. Q. The conservative party numbers him among its
active workers and representatives, and in 1910 he was elected alderman of St.
George's ward of Montreal as a reform candidate, and in 1912 and 1914 was
reelected by acclamation. In May, 191 2, he ran in the St. Lawrence division
as the conservative candidate for the provincial legislature but was defeated.
The talents with which nature endowed him he has wisely used, not only for
the benefit of himself but for the improvement of municipal and moral condi-
tions and physical and mental development.

COLIN McARTHUR.

It is a natural thing that when the sons of Great Britain desire to emigrate
they turn toward one of the colonial possessions of the great British empire, and
thus it is that a large percentage of Canada's citizens have come from Scotland.
Among the number was Colin McArthur, who was born in Glasgow in 1835,
a son of James McArthur, a mason contractor of that city. He was educated
in St. Enoch's school of Glasgow and for sixteen years was associated with the
firm of Wylie & Lockhead, wall paper manufacturers, acting as manager of their
interests most of the time. While in their employ he frequently, visited Canada
and the United States in the interests of the house, and eventually taking up
his permanent abode in Canada, embarked in business in Toronto. In 1879, how-
ever, he came to ^Montreal and entered into business with J. C. Watson in the
manufacture of wall paper under the firm name of Watson & McArthur. This
relation was maintained uninterruptedly until 1884, when Mr. McArthur with-
drew from the firm and established the present business, that of Colin McArthur
& Company, wall paper manufacturers. In the early days skilled labor had to
be brought from the States, but in time men of this country were trained for the
work and with the introduction of improved machinery the business developed
rapidly. The trade grew enormously and Mr. McArthur was not only one of the
pioneers in his line but controlled one of the most extensive and successful enter-
prises of that character. Pie thoroughly understood every phase of the business
and, watchful of details pointing to success, his capable control was manifest in
the excellent results which rewarded him.

Mr. McArthur was first married to Margaret Jamieson, of Largs, Scotland,
and had two children. David married Rose Wilkinson and died 1902, leaving
a widow and three children, Colin, David and Margaret. Margaret, the daughter,
is now living in Montreal. Mr. McArthur married in England, in 1869, Miss
Annie Williamson, who survives him and resides in Montreal.

Mr. McArthur was an active factor in public interests as well as in business
circles. He joined the Board of Trade in 1888, and he was much interested in
public institutions and in ])lans for the general welfare. He was a life member
of the General Hospital and was a member of the Caledonia and St. Andrew's
Societies. He also was a life member of the Protestant Insane Hospital and
took an active interest in the founding of that institution. A Presbyterian in

cows. JIcARTHLR

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 469

religious faith, his many good deeds had their inception in his Christian belief.
He did much for charity and in fact was continually assisting others, yet all in
a most unostentatious manner. He never spoke of his benevolent acts and
shrank from all publicity of that character, yet there are many who have reason

to bless his memory for aid rendered in an hour of need.

GEORGE EDWARD DESLl.VRATS.

The late George Edward Desbarats was head of the well known printing
iirni of Desbarats & Company of Montreal, which, for many years has set the
standard for all that is progressive in this field of business activity. He was a
representative of a family that through many generations has been closely con-
nected with the printing business, successive generations being in the vanguard
of those who have been most active in bringing about the advancement and im-
provement in connection with the art preservative of arts. The History of Print-
ing and Bookbinding in the State of Bearne gives account of Pierre Desbarats,
bookseller from 1638, who established in 1651 the first printing ofifice to have
more than a transient existence in the state of Bearne ; while Jean Desbarats,
1656 to 1687, was named printer to the Royal College of Bearne in 1662, printer
to the Jesuit College at Pau in 1663 and printer to the King and the Royal
College in 1680. Jean Desbarats, 1687 to 1714, was appointed King's printer
and printer to the Royal College in 1687. Isaac Desbarats, 1714 to 1737, was
printer to the States of the Province of Bearne and on the 24th of December,
1719, was officially appointed to succeed Jean Desbarats as King's printer. Par-
liamentary decree of April 27, 1730, admitted him to the ranks of the nobility
as "Isaac Desbarats, King's Printer, Seigneur de Labarthe Buisson." Isaac
Charles Desbarats, 1737- 1787, was made printer to the King and to the States
of the Kingdom of Navarre, September 20, 1737. He succeeded to the rank
of Seigneur de Labarthe Buisson and was "Avocatau Parlement." The printing
estal)lishment was inherited by Jeanne Desbarats but the government would
not allow a woman to carry on the printing business and it had to be sold.
The above indicates the close connection of the family with the printing busi-
ness in France from 1638 to 1787. The family name has figured with equal
prominence in Canada. Pierre Edouard Desbarats was named King's printer
January 27, 1800, and so continued until his death in 1828. His son, Georges
Pascal Desbarats, father of George E. Desbarats of this review, succeeded his
father and in 1S44 was named Queen's printer.

The family had been founded in Canada by Joseph Desbarats, who came to

this country in 1756 and in 1761 married 'IMarie Louise Crete at Beauport. He

died in 1810. Their son, Pierre Edouard Desbarats, was married in September,

1798, to Josephte Voyer and at the time of his death, in 1828, was not only printer

of His Majesty's laws, but was also assistant clerk of the house, lieutenant

colonel and justice of the peace. His son, Georges Pascal Desbarats, married

Henriette Dionne, daughter of Hon. Amable Dionne. She died in 1839, while

G. P. Desbarats passed away in 1864. He had succeeded his father in business

and in 1844 was named Queen's printer, in which connection he removed with
Toi. ni— 21

470 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

the Government to Kingston, Toronto and Quebec as the government was suc-
cessively estabhshed in those cities. He was also lieutenant colonal of militia.

George Edward Desbarats was born at Quebec, April 5, 1838, and in the
attainment of his education attended Holy Cross College at Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, from 1846 to 1851; St. Mary's College at Montreal from 1852 until
]855 and Laval University at Quebec from 185-5 '^'"'^'1 1^57- He won the degrees
of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws and thoroughly qualified for the bar.
He studied with the Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau in 1857 and with the law firm
of Bethune & Dunkin in Montreal. He was received at the bar of Lower Canada
in 1859 and was offered a partnership in the firm of Laflamme & Laflamrae
but declined in order to enter his father's printing office, in which connection
he remained in Quebec until 1865, when he went to Ottawa which had been
made the new seat of government. In Quebec he published several volumes of
original French-Canadian literature, among which were : Le Foyer Canadien in
three volumes, eleven hundred and thirty-six pages ; La Litterature Canadienne,
in two volumes, seven hundred and eighty pages; Essais Poetiques, Lemay, in
one volume, three hundred and twenty pages; Les Anciens Canadiens, P. A.
de Gaspe. in one volume, four hundred and twelve pages; Memoires de AI. de
Gaspe in one volume, five hundred and sixty pages; Canadians of Old (Eng-
lish) in one volume, three hundred and thirty pages; Mere Marie de I'lncarna-
tion, L'Abbe H. R. Casgrain, in one volume, four hundred and sixty pages;
Vies des Saints, Abbe Casgrain, in one volume, seven hundred and fifty
pages; Lives of the Saints (English) in one volume, seven hundred and fifty
pages ; Chansons Populaires du Canada, Ernest Gagnon, in one volume, three
hundred and seventy-five pages ; Contes Populaires, Paul Stevens, in one volume,
two hundred and sixty-five pages ; Traite d'Art & d'Histoire Militaire, L. T.
Sugor, in one volume, four hundred and seventy-two pages ; Instructions
Chretiennes pour les Jeunes Gens, in one volume, three hundred and twenty
pages; and Le Protestantisme, Etc., Abbe Guillaume, five hundred and fifty pages.
On removing to Ottawa in 1865 Mr. Desbarats occupied a building erected
for this purpose which was begun during his father's lifetime and belonged to
the estate. Malcolm Cameron, who had been Queen's printer with the father of
George Edward Desbarats after the death of Stewart Derbishire, held the patent
alone from 1864 to 1869 and was G. E. Desbarats' partner in the printing busi-
ness. The building erected there in Ottawa was one of llie largest business
blocks of the city at that time. It was in this building that the Hon. Thomas
D'Arcy McGee lodged in company with Sir Hector Langevin and others on the
occasion of his atrocious assassination and it was upon the place where the murder
occurred that Mr. Desbarats caused to be erected a memorial tablet. This, it has
been supposed gave offence to a certain lawless element in the population, result-
ing in the destruction of the noble pile of buildings by the incendiary's torch.
After the destruction of the Ijuilding by fire on the 21st of January, 1869, it
was not rebuilt. The Cartier-Macdonald government was then in power and
gave out the Gazette, laws, etc., to public competition. G. E. Desbarats was
appointed Queen's printer and charged with making the schedules, getting the
tenders and adjudging the contracts, lie held the ofiice for about a year and
then resigned to remove to Montreal, where he had large interests in a litho-
graphic and photo-engraving business which he had established there in connec-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 471

tion wilh the Leggo Lirothcrs. 'I"hc lire uf January 21, i86y, destroyed the
complete first edition of Les Oeuvres de Champlain, which G. E. Desbarats was
I)ul)lishing at that time, the compiler and annotator being L'Abbe Laverdiere,
librarian of Laval University. Not only was the manuscript destroyed but also
the electrotype plates and illuslralions. The only copy saved was that in proof
siiects in Mr. I.averdiere's hands. Mr. Desbarats determined to republish the
work at once. The second edition was printed direct from the type, being
limited to one thousand copies. The six volumes, which are quarto, contani
some sixteen hundred and fifty pages and are copiously illustrated with facsimiles
of the original charts, maps and cuts produced by the Leggotype process. This
great work was published by G. E. Desbarats in 1870 and is considered the finest
book issued so far from the Canadian Press. He was also the pul)lisher, in
Ottawa, of H. J. Morgan's Bibliotheca Canadensis.

At the fire in Ottawa G. E. Desbarats' net loss was over one hundred thousand
dollars. The estate also lost heavily on the building, which was only partl}-
insured. At a meeting of citizens an address of sympathy was voted to Mr.
Desbarats and afterwards presented to him, handsomely engrossed, bearing the
city seal, signed by the mayor and others and framed.

In 1869 (j. E. Desbarats built a printing office on St. Antoine street. Mon-
treal, and there founded The Canadian' Illustrated News, the first number of
which was issued on October 30, of that year, with Alexander Robertson as
the first editor and E. Jump as chief artist. The illustrations were at first
photo-electrotypes produced by the Leggotype process. In 1870 Mr. Desbarats
founded a French companion paper to the Canadian Illustrated News called
L'Opinion Puhlique, a twelve-page paper, the illustrations in which were for
the most part the same as those in the English weekly. The editors were I. A.
Mousseau and L. O. David. Among the contributors to its pages were P. J.
O. Chauveau, L. H. Frechette, Joseph Marmette, J. A. Poisson, Benjamin Suite,
W. Gelinas, Joseph Tasse and many other distinguished French-Canadian writers.
By arrangement with Ferdinand Gagnon. L'Opinion Publique absorbed L'Etend-
ard National of Worcester, Massachusetts.

In May, 1871, Mr. Desbarats became proprietor of a weeklv literarv paper
named The Hearthstone. The editorial work of The Hearthstone was performed
by J. A. Phillips. Mr. Desbarats owned and conducted The Dominion Telegraph
Institute which had been started by Churchill, continuing this for two years,
during which time were sent out many capable telegraph operators now at the
head of their profession. In 1872 he organized the Graphic Company to publish
a daily illustrated paper in the city of New York. This was the first illustrated
daily ever published and it came to end in about a year, being too far ahead
cf its time and lacking the necessary capital. .Still the field of his activity and
usefulness constantly broadened, and at all times he was in the lead among those
who have wrought for advancement and progress in connection with the print-
ing and publishing business. In March, 1873, he founded The Canadian Patent
Office Record and Mechanics Magazine, a quarto monthly of thirtv-two pages
devoted to engineering, manufacturing, mining and other industrial pursuits.
With each number was issued the official patent office record, the whole amply
illustrated, the two parts together forming a book of from sixty to eighty pages
n-.onlhly. the subscription price to which was only a dollar and a half a vear.

472 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In 1873 it was thought advisable to form a stock company to carry on the
Canadian pubhcations and the general Montreal engraving and printing busi-
ness. The Desbarats Lithographic & i'ublishing Company was therefore or-
ganized by G. E. Desbarats, W. P. Hussey, Luke Moore, William Angus, Jonathan
Hodgson, Alexander Buntin and Daniel MacLellan as provincial directors; G.
E. Desbarats and W. P. Hussey as managers. In April, 1874, 'Mr. Desbarats
entered into negotiations with G. B. Burland with a view to amalgamating the
two concerns and formed The Burland-Desbarats Lithograjihing Company, from
which he retired in 1876. He then opened a small office in the old postoffice
building and in 1878 moved to larger premises and laid the foundation of the
present Desbarats Printing Company, one of the most important establishments
of this character in the Dominion. In 1879 G. E. Desbarats joined with Notman
& Sandham in organizing The Artotype Printing Company and went himself to
New York to learn the artotype work.

In 1884 W. C. Smillie, founder and first president of The British American
Bank Note Company entered into negotiations with G. E. Desbarats & Company
to revive the Canada Bank Note Company which absorbed G. E. Desbarats &
Company's business and in which G. E. Desbarats and H. Drechsel were appointed
managers. In 1S87 Mr. Desbarats admitted his son, William, to a partnership
and together they published the Dominion Illustrated, a weekly illustrated paper
which also had to be discontinued for lack of capital. Half-tone engraving was
then in its infancy and Mr. Desbarats was the first to introduce it into Canada.
The process w-as largely used in the Dominion Illustrated and a photo-engraving
plant was installed to meet the paper's requirements. While all days were not
equally bright in his career and indeed in his lousiness e.xperience he saw the
gathering of clouds that threatened disastrous storms, yet his rich inheritance of
energy, determination and initiative enabled him to turn defeat into victory and
promised failures into brilliant successes. His strict integrity, business conser-
vatism and judgment were always so universally recognized that he enjoyed public
confidence to an enviable degree and naturally this brought him a lucrative
patronage. In early manhood he showed conspicuously the traits of character
that made his life brilliantly sucessful and his mental and physical activity,
combined with thorough training, brought him to an eminent position as a
representative of the printing and publishing business in Canada.

The business career of Mr. Desbarats with its steps of successive advancement
has been given but what of the man and his personality? All who remember
liim speak of him as of the highest type of gentlemen, his kindly nature and
courteous manner winning for him many warm friends. Even now, twenty years
after his demise, his old employes mention him with the greatest respect and
love. It has been said that there is no better way to judge an individual than
by his treatment of those in his employ. Judged by this standard, no man has
been more worthy of regard. Wliilc in Ottawa his employes presented him
a silver goblet and tray as a mark of esteem. The employes of the Canadian
Illustrated News presented him with two bronze statues and a necklace for
Madame Desbarats and the employes of the Canada Bank Note Company pre-
sented him a water pitcher when he severed his connection with that company.

Aside from his extensive priiuing and engraving business Mr. Desbarats was
deeply interested in all that pertained to the city's welfare, and thos.e things

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 473

which are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride received his indorsement
and cooperation. He took great interest in the Montreal Philharmonic Society
of which he was one of the directors. He was captain in the Civil Service Rifle
Regiment, of a company composed entirely of men in his employ. During the
smallpox epidemic in Montreal in 1885 he was chairman of the citizens' relief
committee and took a leading part in the establishing of a temporary hospital
at the exhibition grounds. His i)olitical allegiance was given to the conservative
party but he took no active part in politics. In religious faith he was a Roman
Catholic and in 1867 was president of the Societe St. Jean Baptiste in Ottawa.

On the 30th of April, i860, G. E. Desbarats was married to Miss Lucianne
Bosse, eldest daughter of Joseph N. Bosse, advocate who was afterward senator
and subsequently judge. Mr. and Mrs. Desbarats were married in Quebec and
they became the parents of five sons and two daughters. George J., born Janu-
ary 27, 1 861, and now deputy minister in the naval service, married Miss L.
Scott, a daughter of Sir Richard Scott. William A., born February 14, 1862, is
president of the Desbarats Printing Company, Limited. Edward S. C, born
April 24, 1863, is president of the Desbarats Advertising Agency and married
Miss M. A. MacCallum, daughter of Dr. D. C. MacCallum. Lucianne, born
August 10, 1864, married Lord de Blaquiere. Cecile is superior of the Convent
of the Sacred Heart at New Orleans, Louisiana. Alexander died in childhood ;
and C. H. Hullett married Miss J. llenkels of Philadelphia. He is the secretary
and treasurer of the Desbarats Printing Company. He and his brother, William,
succeeded to the business upon their father's death and it has since been organized
into a joint stock company.

Such in brief is the life history of one who had nuich to do with shaping the
development of the printing and engraving business in Canada. His was largely
the initiative spirit that brought about improvement and advancement in methods
of printing and of illustration. He ever maintained the highest standards, was
quick to adopt any new methods which his judgment sanctioned as of value, and
he largely set the standards that others have followed. His life continued one of
increasing activity, usefulness and of public benefit to the time of his death which
occurred in 1892.

ARTHUR WHTJAM PATRICK BUCHANAN.

In the practice of law devotion to the interests of his clients, careful prepara-
tion of his cases and comprehensive knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence
are salient features which have gained Arthur William Patrick Buchanan a
place among the well known representatives of the Montreal bar. He was born
at Montreal in 1870, the son of Alexander Brock and Elizabeth Ann (Best)
Buchanan and grandson of the late Alexander Buchanan, Q. C, a distinguished
lawyer and in his day the leader of the Montreal bar, who married Mary Ann,
the daughter of James Buchanan, H. B. M. consul at New York from 1816 to
1843. After attending the Montreal high school our subject entered McGill
University and later pursued his law course in Laval University, where he took
the degree of LL. B. in 1893. He was admitted to the bar of the province of

474 HISTOR'i^ OF MONTREAL

Ouebec in 1894 and the same-year began practice as an advocate. He was created
a king's counsel in 1908 and practices in partnership with W". J. White, K. C.
Their clientele is extensive and of a representative character, and Mr. Buchanan
has proved himself a capable and careful lawyer. He is interested in genealogy
and has written a history of his family, The Buchanan Book (1911).

In 1897 Mr. Buchanan married Berthe Louise, elder daughter of William
Ouirin, of Boston and resides at No. 731 Pine avenue \\'est. Mr. Buchanan
is a life member of the Buchanan Society, a governor of the Montreal General
Hospital and a member of the St. James Club, the Canada Clul), the Montreal
Hunt and the Roval Montreal Golf Clul).

ANDREW ROBERTSON.

In many public positions Andrew Robertson gained wide acquaintance and
the et^ciency of his service in public behalf marked him as one of Montreal's
most valued and prominent men. In commercial circles he was well known as the
founder and senior member of the firms of Andrew Robertson & Company and
Robertson, Stephen & Company, wholesale dry-goods merchants, and later he
became a factor in insurance and financial enterprises. This however represented
but one phase of his life, as he became connected with many public projects
having to do with the general development and improvement of the city, or with
its charitable and benevolent activities. Abraham Lincoln said, "There is some-
thing better than making a living — making a life,'' and it was that spirit which
actuated Andrew Robertson at all times. He recognized his obligations to his
fellowmen and again and again he played the part of the Good Samaritan, not
from any unavoidable sense of duty but from a deep love for his fellows.

Mr. Robertson was of Scotch birth, the place of his nativity being Paisley,
and the year, 1827. When he arrived at school age he entered the Paisley gram-
mar school, where he gained a working knowledge of the common branches of
learning. All through his life he was a student, — a student of books, of men, of
affairs and the signs of the times, and he became a thoroughly well read man,
whose judgment was regarded as sound and his sagacity keen. After leaving
school he learned the weavers trade and in 1840 was sent to Glasgow and entered
upon a four year's apprenticeship in a drapery and clothing establishment. Sub-
sequently he became an employe of a manufacturing firm and displayed such
ability and resourcefulness in this connection that he was soon afterward admit-
ted into a partnership, and as most of the work of the firm devolved upon him,
his health gave way and his physician recommended that he go cither to Aus-
tralia or Canada.

Mr. Robertson's choice fell upon the latter country and in 1853 he sailed for
the new world, accompanied by his wife and two sons. He at once joined the
wholesale dry-goods firm of Brown & Swan and, on retiring therefrom two
years later, founded the firm of Andrew Robertson & Company which in 1867
was merged with the older established business of William Stejihen & Company
and continued under the style of Robertson. Stephen it Company. With tlie firm

ANDREW ROBERTSON

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 477

and its successors he was continuously connected until 1885, when he retired.
Early in the Go's he built the Auburn Woolen Mill at Petcrboro, Ontario, for
the manufacture of Canadian tweeds, and successfully directed it from Montreal
until i8()7, when he sold it as part of the purchase price of the Stephen business.
Mis methods were ever progressive, and his close application and indefatigable
energy constituted the foundation upon which he builded his ])ros]jerity.

While building up a conuiicrcial enteriirise of large and profitable proportions,
Mr. Robertson always found lime to devote to public duties and the promotion
of the general welfare. Joining the St. Andrew's Society in 1857 '^^ served as
treasurer in 1862 and 1863, second vice president in 1864 and i8()5, first vice
president in 1868 and president during 1869 and 1870. In 187O he was president
of the Dominion Board of Trade and in that and the following year was also
president of the Montreal Board of Trade. He had the honor of being chosen
the first president of the Dominion Commercial Travelers' Association, and thus
he figured prominently among the men who were most active in commercial pur-
suits. He himself extended his efforts as a business man with the passing years
and became president of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company in 1876, in
which position he continued until his death, while from its formation in 1880 until
his demise he was president of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada.

His public service was of a varied character and embraced connection with
charitable and benevolent objects, with pul)lic works and with movements having
to do with general progress and improvement. In 1872 Mr. Robertson became
one of the governors of the Montreal General Hospital and later was elected
and served successively as treasurer, vice president and president, in 1879 he
was elected chairman of the board of harbor commissioners for Montreal and
remained in that position until his death. His name figured also in connection
with military activities, beginning in 1861, when, during the Trent excitement he
was gazetted first lieutenant and quartermaster of the Montreal Light Infantry.
Many tangible evidences of his devotion to the public welfare may be cited. He
familiarized himself with all the details of the management of the General Hos-
pital and was greatly interested in the proposal to enlarge it, so that in 1886 upon
a trip to England he consulted some of the best architects of that country con-
cerning the subject and brought back with him plans for the proposed extension.
The deepening of the ship channel between Montreal and Quebec was a project
which awakened his strong and hearty enthusiasm, and he frequently said that
when he saw the completion of the plan he would retire from the active duties
of chairman of the board, well satisfied. He was of a nervous temperament,
possessed marked energy and was a tireless worker, and before his health
became impaired he was actively and helpfully interested in the movement for
the improvement of the harbor and the prevention of damages by flood. During
the great flood of 1885 he was making a tour through the submerged district in
a canoe, propelled by one of the oldest river men. His companion of that
occasion testified to the deep interest he took in the poor people of the district.
He left the harbor commissioners' office with forty or fifty dollars in his pocket
and when he returned he had not enough cash to pay the boatman, having given
all to the flood suff'erers. This is but one incident of his generous spirit, which
was constantly manifested. He was of a most charitable disposition but he gave
in a quiet, unassuming manner, following the mandate not to let the left hand

478 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

know what the right hand doeth. Again and again his gifts of charity were
known only to the recipients.

On the 19th of April, 1850, in Scotland. Mr. Robertson was married to Miss
Agnes Bow, a daughter of the late Alexander Bow, of Glasgow, and they became
parents ol ten children, four sons and six daughters, of whom the sons and four
daughters are still living, six being residents of Montreal, while one daughter
and one son reside on the Pacific coast.

At the time of his death, which occurred ^larch 29, 1890, ^Ir. Robertson was
chairman of the harbor commission and his associates in that work, as also those
in other relations of life, entertained for him the highest regard. In politics he
was conservative and in church connection a Presbyterian. In his Christian
faith was found the root of a well spent, honorable life, reaching out along many
lines for the benefit of his fellowmen. The world is better for his having lived
and his memory remains as a blessed benediction to those who knew him. Mrs.
Robertson survived her husband for nine years, passing away suddenly in her
beautiful home, Elmbank, Dorchester street West, on the 6th of July, 1899,
mourned bv a large circle of old friends.

REV. JOSEPH GUILLAUAIE LAURENT FORBES

Rev. Joseph Guillaume Laurent Forbes, bishop of Joliette, was formerly the
spiritual d^ector of the thirty-nine hundred families which make up the great
French-Canadian parish of St. Jean Baptiste in Montreal, a position of responsi-
bility as well as one of power and importance among the Catholic people of the
city. This responsibility rested upon the shoulders of a conscientious, capable
and God-fearing man and the power was used wisely and humbly, so that Father
Forbes has become an important force in the conservation and propagation of
the doctrines which he teaches and professes. He is a native of the province
of Quebec, born in Isle Perrot, near Montreal, August 10, 1865, a son of John
and Octavie (Leger) Forbes, both natives of \'audreuil. The Forbes family
was founded in Canada in 1757 and representatives of the Leger family came
to Quebec with the first French colonists in 1608. Both parents are still living,
the father having retired from active life.

Rev. Guillaume Forbes acquired his early education in the kindergarten at
the Nazareth Asylum in charge of the Grey Nuns in Montreal and was after-
ward a student at the Catholic Commercial Academy of this city. He was
graduated from Montreal College with the class of 1882 and from the Seminary
of Philosophy in 1884. He finished the course in the College of Theology in
1887 and was ordained to the Roman Catholic priestliood March 17, 1888. Imme-
diately afterward he was sent as curate to Caughnawaga, where he did excel-
lent work among the Iroquois Indians. He held his original position until
1892 and was then given the direction of the Caughnawaga mission, serving
until 1903. In that year he was appointed parish ])riest of the Church of St.
Amie de I'ellcvue, in the province of Quebec, and he there remained until 191 1,
when he was appointed rector of St.* Jean Baptiste church in Montreal. The
fjarish of St. Jean de Baptiste in Montreal is one of the largest and most impor-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 479

tant French-Canadian congregations in the city, and its rector holds a very respon-
sible position and one which maiccs hini a great individual force in Catholic
circles. The original church building was burned June 27, 191 1, and is now being
replaced at a cost of three hundred thousand dollars, the entire property being
valued at five hundred thousand dollars. Father Forbes had four assistants,
Rev. Joseph A. Lefevre, Rev. Charles A. de Lamirande, Rev. Augu.ste Pare
and Rev. Hector Quesnel, and had sjMritual jurisdiction over thirty-nine hundred
families and nineteen thousand souls, all French-Canadians. He became very
popular and widely beloved among the people of this congregation, who saw his
simplicity of character, his greatness of heart, his earnestness and sincerity, and
who recognized his administrative and business ability. On the 6th of August,
1913, Rev. Forbes was chosen by the Floly See to succeed the Rt. Rev. Alfred
Archambeault as bishop of Joliette. He received the episcopal consecration in
the cathedral of Jojiette from the hands of His Grace, Monseigneur Bruchesi,
archbishop of Montreal, on the gth of October, 1913. A brother of Bishop
Forbes, the Rev. Father John Forbes, of the White Fathers, after a stay of
sixteen years in the mission fields of Africa, is since the year 1900 residing in
Quebec, superior of the branch house of the Society of the White Fathers in
Canada.

Bishop Forbes is profoundly learned in Indian dialects and is in addition an
author of some note, his works being all of a religious character. Besides his
original volumes he has edited and republished a Life of Catherine Tekakwitha
and an Irociuois almanac for the years between 1S99 and 1903.

ARTHUR EDOUARD JOSEPH BISSONNET.

The name of Bissonnet has long been a distinguished one in this locality,
the first member of the family having been one Pierre, a son of Jacques, who
was born in 1626, and on the 3d of May, 1660, married Mathurene Des Bordes
and who, as the records show, had seven children. A brother of Pierre, Jacques,
was married in 1670 and si.xteen children are credited to him. Arthur Edouard
Joseph Bissonnet worthily u]iliol(ls the honor of the family name, having gained
a reputation along legal lines in Montreal, where he has successfully practiced
since 1897. He was born at St. Hyacinthc, Quebec, and is a son of Napoleon
and Domithilde (Scott) Bissonnet. The father was a well known manufacturer
of that city, where he passed away in 1887, the mother having predeceased him
in 1882. The paternal grandparents were Jerome and Josephte (Courtemanche)
Bissonnet, who died in 1870 and 1872, respectively.

Arthur E. J. Bissonnet received an excellent education. His preliminary
courses were taken at the College of the Sacr'ed Heart at Arthabaskaville, which
was followed by a classical course at St. Hyacinthe that earned him the title of
M. L. A. In 1894 he studied law at Laval University and in 1895 and 1S96 at
McGill University which he left in 1897 with the degree of B. C. L., being
admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec in the same vear. His advent in
Montreal soon followed and here he has e\'er since been engaged in the practice
of his profession. No long novitiate awaited him for he soon demonstrated his

480 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ability to successfully cope with the most intricate law problems and gained a
reputation which connected him with much important litigation. He has repre-
sented some of the foremost firms and individuals as well as other interests,
having attained a name for preparing his cases thoroughly and presenting them
in an able manner. He has all tlie attributes of a successful lawyer, clearly sets
forth his cause and by the weight of his character and his insight into human
nature has won a high standing in his profession. In 1909 Mr. Bissonnet was
appointed king's counsel and as such handled important government cases which
especially connected him with provincial law revenue on duties on successions.
His prominence in fraternal circles has led to his election as legal adviser of the
Council of St. Henry (for 1913), a branch of the Knights of Columbus at
Montreal. Mr. Bissonnet is now at the head of the legal firm, Bissonnet &
Cordeau, occupying suite 606, in the Royal Trust building.

On the 14th of February. 1905. occurred the marriage of Mr. Bissonnet to
M. A. Ernestine Roy, a daughter of Amedee Roy and Hemma (Rocher) Roy.
The family has been long established in the county of Bagot, in the province
of Quebec, and her father was a prominent merchant in his locality. Mr. and
Mrs. Bissonnet have the following children, Jean, Leon, Marie Laure, Louise
Marie and Paul.

His political convictions lead IMr. Bissonnet to support the liberal party, and
he is a member of the Montreal Reform Club and other political institutions.
Although not an active politician, he takes a deep and helpful interest in the
issues of the day that affect the Canadian people as a nation and his province as
part of the Dominion and stands ever ready to support progressive measures
making for advancement, either material or intellectual. His faith is that of
the Catholic church. A distinguished and influential lawyer, he is highly respected
in the profession and is esteemed by the general public as a public-spirited citi-
zen who loyally acknowledges and fulfills his duties to his city and his country.

DUNCAN A. McCASKILL.

Duncan A. McCaskill was a factor in Montreal's commercial development and
progress, inasmuch as he was the founder and head of the house of D. A. McCas-
kill Company, later McCaskill, Dougall & Company, manufacturers of railway
and carriage varnishes and japans. The extent and importance of his business
made him well known in commercial circles, while his career demonstrated the
possibilities for successful achievement on the part of any individual who must
perforce start in life as he did, without any capital to aid him. He was born
in Victoria county. Cape Breton, in 1845 and was a son of Murdo McCaskill,
a justice of two counties of Cape* Breton. His education was ac(|uircd in his
native county, where the first thirty years of his life were passed. The year
1875 witTiessed his arrival in Montreal, where he comiected himself with one of
the large business houses of the city. During the succeeding live years he stead-
ily progressed and there awakened in him the ambition to enter commercial
circles on his own account.. He took his initial step in the direction in which his
later labors brought him to the prominent position which he occui)ied as the

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DrXCAX A. il(( ASKILL

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 483

head of llic house of wliat is now McCaskill, Dougall & Company, manufacturers
of railway and carriage varnishes, lie was ever a most industrious man, close
a[)plication and energy constituting the basis of his success. In 1902 he retired
and spetit his remaining days in those ways which afforded him recreation and
enjoyment, traveling extensively in company with Mrs. McCaskill through the
United States and Europe.

Mrs. McCaskill was in her maidenhood .Miss .Mibott, a member of the
Abbott family of Andover, Massachusetts, and one of the old New England
families. They were separated by death on the 12th of July, 1907, when Mr.
McCaskill passed away at Lausanne, Switzerland.

While an active factor in the business world, Mr. McCaskill also took a great
interest in political matters and for several years was president of the Sir John
A. Macdonald Club. In 1900, at the solicitation of a large body of electors of his
native county, he became a candidate for political honors. The conservative
party lost in that connection and Mr. McCaskill was defeated at the polls, although
a large vote was accorded him and his course gained him the general esteem
^of the people. By preference he concentrated his efforts upon his business
interests and private affairs and worked his way upward until he stood among
the successful merchants and manufacturers of the city with a record that com-
mended him to the confidence and admiration of colleagues and contemporaries.

SAMUEL HAMILTON EWING.

With intense activity intelligently directed and with ability to plan and perform
that amounts almost to genius, Samuel Hamilton Ewing has become one of the
prominent manufacturers and capitalists of Montreal. He today has financial
investm.ents in many of the most important corporate interests of the province,
and his opinion concerning complex business matters is eagerly sought and con-
stitutes a valuable eleinent in the attainment of a wise conclusion.

From his boyhood Samuel Hamilton Ewing has been a resident of Canada.
He was born May 10, 1834, at Lisdillon House, Londonderry. Ireland, and is a
representative of an old family of Irish origin, his parents being Samuel and
Margaret (Hamilton) Ewing, who with their family crossed the Atlantic to
Canada during the hovhood of their son .Samuel H. Entering the public schools
of Montreal, he pursued his education and afterward joined his brother, Andrew
.^. Ewing, in the ownership and management of the extensive coft'ee and spice
mills formerly owned by his father. The business, established in i860, was con-
ducted under the firm style of Samuel Ewing & Sons, Samuel Hamilton Ewing
remaining an acti\'e factor in the management and direction of the business
until his retirement from the firm in 1892. In the meantime the efforts of the
partners had resulted in the establishment of an enterprise of extensive propor-
tions. Gradually he extended his efforts to other fields, becoming financiallv and
ofttimes acti\ely interested in corporations which are now recognized as among
the foremost in the commercial and industrial circles of the province. He is
president of the Montreal Cotton Company, president of the Canada Accident
Assurance Company, president of the Levis Countv Railwav and the Cornwall

484 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Street Railway, and is vice president of the Molson's Bank and the Sun Life
Assurance Company, while he is a director of the Atlantic Sugar Refinery, the
Standard Clay Products, Limited, the Crown Trust Company, and the Illinois
Traction Company. One of the local papers said of him : "It is doubtful if there
is a more active man of his age in the city of Montreal." What he undertakes he
accomplishes, and he utilizes opportunities that many others have passed heed-
lessly by. Moreover, he has the ability to unify seemingly dissimilar elements,
coordinating them into a harmonious whole.

Mr. Ewing has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Caroline Wilson
Cheese, of London, England, who died in 1872, and later he wedded Margaret
Anna Knight, who passed away in March, 1908. She was a daughter of George
Knight, of Glasgow, Scotland. Mr. Ewing's attractive home, Seaforth, is situated
at No. 100 Cote des Neiges road. He is well known in club circles, holding
membership in the Mount Royal, Canada, St. James and Canadian Clubs. He is
a life governor of the Art Association of Montreal. His political belief is that
of the conservative party but the honors and emoluments of office have little
attraction for him. He has preferred always to devote his leisure to such activities
as seek the public welfare along charitable or humanitarian lines. He is a governor
of the Montreal General Hospital and served for several years prior to 1906 as its
treasurer. He is likewise a governor of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane,
and in 1906 was the delegate to the Sixth Congress Chambers of Commerce of the
Empire. Forceful and resourceful, his is a record of a strenuous life, stable
in purpose, quick in perception, swift in decision, energetic and persistent in
action.

ALBERT HEBERT.

Albert Hebert, deceased, who for many years was one of the best known
business men of Montreal, was born in this city, February 28, 1864. He was
educated in the Jesuit College and the Archambault Commercial School, from
which he was graduated. At the age of seventeen years he entered the firm of
Dufresne & Mongenais and a year later became a member of the firm of Hudon,
Hebert & Company, wholesale grocers. Later, when his father, C. P. Hebert,
retired from the firm, Albert Hebert became the general manager of the business
and so continued throughout his remaining days, directing the policy and stimu-
lating the progress of the business, which became one of the important commercial
concerns of the province. A man of resourceful ability, he was a director of the
Montreal City and District Savings Bank and succeeded his father as treasurer
of Notre Dame Hospital. He was a prominent member of the Board of Trade,
serving as a councillor in 1904 and 1905, a governor of Laval University and a
governor of the Anti(|uarian and Numismatic Society. Mr. Hebert was married
in Montreal to Miss Loulou Barbeau, a daughter of the late E. G. Barbeau, who
was the first manager of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank. Mr. and
Mrs. Hebert had one daughter, Josephine, now the wife of Mr. LsRaoul de
Lorimer, of Montreal. While traveling in Europe Mr. Hebert died at Lucerne,
Switzerland, June 21, 191 1, although wlicn he left Montreal for this trip he was

ALBERT HEBERT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 487

m the best of health. He was but forty-seven years of age at the time of liis
demise, yet he stood very high in the opinion of the leading business men of the
wholesale district of Montreal and was also appreciated and esteemed in financial
circles. When Notre Dame Hospital was threatened with a financial crisis in
1909 it was Air. Hebert, the treasurer of the institution, who opened the sub-
scription and by his energetic campaign raised the two hundred thousand dollars
which saved the day. One who knew him well and was, therefore, qualilied to
speak of his sterling traits of character wrote to the Montreal Star:

'"There were many sympathizing and sad hearts in Canada after it was known
that Albert Hebert, Esq., of your city died in the prime of life, far away from
home in Switzerland. In the death of Mr. Hebert Montreal has lost the prince
of the many princely merchants. He was known far and near not only by reputa
tion but personally and wherever he was known he was respected and beloved
I have had business dealings with the late Mr. Hebert for over a quarter of a
century and during that long period I have had many opportunities of forming
an opinion of his worth as a man and of his splendid abilities as a business man,
At the annual business meeting of the Wholesale Grocers Guild, of which he was
a prominent and respected member and at which meetings I have often had an
opportunity of attending, it was always a pleasure to hear him speak in his
faultless English, with a slightly French accent. His opinions and advice had a
spirit of fairness'and good sense that invariably carried conviction with them. No
better argument in favor of a joint English and French training could be had
than to hear him address a meeting in English. The late Mr. Hebert will be
missed in Montreal. He will be sadly missed by the many English speaking
friends in the west when they visit Montreal. It is men of his type that are
needed to build up Canada as a nation."

J. GEORGES PICHE, M. D.

Among the successful physicians of Montreal is Dr. J. Georges Piche, who
has been in jiractice since igoo. He was born in St. Gabriel de Brandon, Rerthier,
province of Quebec, September 4, 1872, and descends from one of the oldest
families of that section.

His father, Camille Piche, was a notary of St. Gabriel for forty years, occupy-
ing the position at the time of his death. He was regarded as one of the best
known and most highly respected citizens of the locality. He married Sophie
Desparrois dit Champagne, a native of St. Sulpice, province of Quebec.

Dr. Piche acquired his early education at .'^t. Gabriel and later attended the
normal school at Montreal, leaving there in 1887. He then went to the United
States and for several years was a bookkeeper in the employ of a wholesale
grocery house at Providence. Rhode Island. In 1896 he returned to Montreal
and, having determined upon a professional career, began the study of medicine
at Laval University, where he was graduated in 1900 with the degree of M. D.

Dr. Piche immediately began the practice of his profession in Montreal on
DeMontigny street, where he continued with gratifying success until 1914, when
lie removed his offices to No. 287 St. Denis street. He is now accorded a liberal

488 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

practice and his ability is constantly increasing as the result of jjroad experience
and wide reading and research. He is now physician to the Merchants & Em-
ployers Guarantee & Accident Company, and he is a member of La Societe Medi-
cale de Montreal.

In 1894 Dr. Piche was married in St. Gabriel de Brandon, province of Quebec,
to .Albertine Bellemore, a daughter of John Bellemore, of that place, and they
have four children : Julien, Georges, Albert, Ernest and Rachel.

JOHN S. ARCHIBALD.

lohn S. Archiljald, an architect holding to the highest professional standards
and one of Montreal's native citizens, is a son of the late David A. Archibald,
formerly of Inverness, Scotland. Reared and educated in Scotland. ]\Ir. Archi-
bald prepared for the profession which he has made his life work and which he
has successfully followed in Montreal. He is a member of the firm of Saxe
& Archibald and as such has been connected with the execution of some important
professional contracts. A number of the fine structures of the city stand as monu-
ments to his skill and ability. [Moreover his position is indicated by the fact that
in 1905 he was honored with election to the presidency of the Architects Associa-
tion of the province of Quebec and at the congress of architects held in July,
iyo6, he moved the resolution favoring statutory qualifications of architects. He
lias never believed in deviating from the highest standards of the profession.

In December. 1900, Mr. Archibald was united in marriage to Miss Edith
Tluirston. the third daughter of J. D. Thurston, of Montreal. In politics Mr.
Archibald is a liberal and is interested in all projects that are opposed to misrule
in civic afi'airs and which seek to promote the interests of the many rather than
of the few. He is now a councillor of the Montreal Reform Club, and he belongs
also to the Engineers Club. He has carefully cultivated the powers and talents
with which nature endowed him and thus has gained more than local recognition
as a capable architect, well versed in the science of his profession.

ESIOFF LEOX PATEXAUDE.

.A.mong the younger members of the bar of Montreal is Esioff Leon Patenaude,
a member of the well known firm of Leonard. Patenaude, Filion & Monette,
who maintain office.s at No. 26 St. James street. Not only has Mr. Patenaude
attained a prominent position along strictly legal lines but he has lieen prominent
politically, having for several terms been elected a member of the provincial
legislative assembly of Quebec and serving at present in that capacity. He is
a member of one of the old French-Canadian families.

Esioff L. Patenaude was born at .St. Isidore on l'\'bruary 12, I1S75. '^"^1 '* ^
son of Hilaire and Angele ( Trudeau) Patenaude. Early showing a preference for
a legal career, he laid the foundations of his classical education in MoiUreal
College, from which he graduated with the degree of B. A., and subsequently

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 489

studied law at I. aval L'niversity, receiving the degree of LI.. L. JJe has since
taken ui) his practice in Montreal and, having been able soon to demonstrate his
knowledge and ability, has built up a reputation as one of the foremost advocates
of the city. He is a member of the firm of Leonard, Patenaude, Filion & Mo-
nette, who are connected with much of the foremost litigation befcjre the courts,
their patronage being distinctive and important.

On the 8th of May, 1900, Mr. Patenaude married Miss Georgiana Deniger and
they have two children, Rose Angele and Alphonse. In religious faith the family
are Roman Catholics. The political allegiance of Mr. Patenaude is given to the
conservative party and, as he has become widely known in his profession,
it was but natural that he should be chosen to the Quebec legislative assembly,
to which he was elected at the general election of I90<S. He was returned to his
seat in 19 [J, his reelection being the confirmation of his record. He has always
exerted himself to the best of his ability in the interests of his constituents and
has done valuable work in committee rooms as well as on the floor of the pro-
vincial house of parliament. Prominent among the French colony, Mr. Patenaude
is highly respected by all who know him fi.)r what he has attained and for those
characteristics which have made possible his success. He is ever willing to
gladly bear his share in promoting the public welfare and the advancement of
the city and is a forceful factor in Montreal not only along legal and political lines
but in building up material progress and promoting measures which elevate moral
and intellectual standards.

JOSEPH GUSTAVE AVARD.

Joseph Gustave Avard, one of the best known men in real-estate circles in
Montreal, has been instrumental in promoting some of the largest projects in
this city during the past ten years, notwithstanding the fact that his life record does
not cover one-half the span of time of many other real-estate dealers of the city.
He was born January 29, 1881, at Shirley, Massachusetts, a son of Louis and
Philomene (Sasseville) Avard, both of whom are natives of St. Hyacinthe county.
Quebec. For some years the father was a saddler at Shirley, Massachusetts,
but since 1883 has resided at St. Hyacinthe.

The son was educated in the schools of St. Hyacinthe, the Brothers of the
Sacred Heart Academy and in the St. Hyacinthe Practical Business School. For
a year he was a clerk in St. Hyacinthe Bank and through the ensuing four years
was with the Eastern Townships Bank at St. Hyacinthe and Waterloo, Quebec.

In 1903 Mr. Avard came to Montreal as an accountant for the firm of McPher-
son & Company, wholesale dealers in cheese and butter. In 1905 he opened a
real-estate office at 47 St. Vincent street under the firm name of Avard &
Dagenais. This firm continued in business successfully for five years at that
location. On the expiration of that period the partnership was dissolved and Mr.
Avard opened an office in the Royal Trust building, where he remained for two
years, removing thence to the Transportation building at No. 120 St. Tames street
in 1912. In that year the business was incorporated under the name of J. G.
Avard & Company, Ltd. He promoted the \"iauville Lands, Ltd., one of the largest

490 HISTORV OF MONTREAL

deals carried through in the past decade. The firm owns the Tetreauville Annex
and are agents for Hudonville Lands, Ltd. Mr. Avard is also a director of the
Dominion Quarry, Ltd., of the Metropolis Apartment Company, Ltd., Mon-
treal Playhouses, Ltd., and of the Practical Business School of St. Hyacinthe.
His offices in the Transportation building are models of good taste and the casual
visitor has on]\' to glance around to see that Mr. Avard is a lover of the fine arts.

On the 2d of October, 1904, Mr. Avard was married, in Montreal, to Rachel
Eva Simard, a daughter of the late Adelard Simard, a well known lawyer of
Waterloo, Quebec. To Mr. and Mrs. Avard have come three children: Elise ;
Gaston, who died at the age of eleven months ; and Jean.

Active in the social life of the city, Mr. Avard is a member of the Canadian
Club, the National Sporting Club, the Reform Club, St. Denis Club and is the
vice president of the Laurentide Summer Home Company, Ltd. Politically he is
a liberal, and his religious faith is indicated in his membership in St. Leon's
Roman Catholic church at Westmount, where he resides.

ALBERT H. CAMPBELL.

Albert H. Campbell, an active factor in business circles in Montreal as a
member of the firm of A. C. Leslie & Company, iron, steel and metal merchants
on St. Paul street, remained in connection with that business until l\is death, which
occurred August 27, 1907. He was a native of Ontario, born May 13, 1866, and
a son of Dr. Donald P. Campbell, who was also born in the province of Ontario,
where his father had settled upon coming to Canada from Scotland. Dr. Camp-
bell was a graduate of McGill University and after preparing for the medical
profession practiced in \'ankleek Hill, Ontario, until his death which occurred in
1870. He was married in Montreal, in 1863, to Miss Alice Bell, a daughter of
James Bell, who came to this city in 1832 from Scotland and was prominent
as a contractor and builder here until his death in i860. Following the death of
her husband, Mrs. Campbell returned with her family to Montreal, where she
has since resided.

Albert H. Campbell was thus reared in this city and completed his education
in the Montreal high school, in 1883. He first engaged with Frothingham iS:
Workman after leaving school, spending a few years with that firm before he
embarked in business on his own account as junior partner in the firm of A. C.
Leslie & Company, iron, steel and metal merchants on St. Paul street. He then
concentrated his energy upon the development of that business and was a very
active representative of commercial interests in Montreal until his life's labors
were ended in death. He studied every phase of the business with which he was
connected, readily recognized and utilized advantages and by methods that neither
seek nor rctiuire disguise, won the confidence and respect of contemporaries and
colleagues.

Mr. Campbell was married in < )Uawa to Miss Elizabeth Henderson of Ottawa,
whose father, John Henderson, is city clerk there. Mr. Campbell belonged to
the Canadian Club and his social nature gained him many warm friends. He
was a public-spirited man and gave generous and helpful support to projects

ALBERT H. CAMPBELL

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 493

for the general good. He belonged to the Board of Trade and was in hearty
sympathy with its plans for Montreal's improvement. lie was also a member of
the /\merican Presbyterian church and his life exemplitied his belief.

JOSEPH ISRAEL DESROCHES, M. D.

Capable, earnest and conscientious, Dr. Joseph Israel Desroches has for many
years exercised his profession in Montreal, where he is widely known to the
genera! public and enjoys high prestige among his colleagues, especially in regard
to hygiene and children's hygiene, upon which subjects he is an expert.' His
standing is quite evident from his connection with some of the foremost societies
in the medical line in the world and it is therefore not surprising that his practice
should be extensive and representative as well as lucrative to him. Dr. Desroches
was born in October, 1850, at St. Esprit and is a son of Andre and Heloise
(Mercier) Desroches, the former in his day a well known agriculturist of St.
Esprit. The Desroches family is descended from one Jean Deroches, who was born
in 1614 and in 1641 left Ste. Lucie, near Autun, France, for Villemarie. He made
the journey with one Monsieur de Maisoraieuve. In 1647 he married Franqoise
Godct and this marriage was the first contract of that kind to be registered at
Villemarie. Jean Deroches had a family of eight children, of whom his son
Pierre married Marie Beaudry on November 24, 1698, at Pointe au.x Trembles.
It was he who added the s to the original name of Deroches. Jean Deroches died
at Quebec on August 23, 1664. This record of the early ancestors of Dr. Des-
roches is to be found in Abbe Tanguay's Dictionnaire Genealogique, in volume
I, page 184.

Dr. Desroches pursued his classical studies at the Seminary of Joliette and
received his medical education at the School of Medicine and Surgery .of Montreal.
There he received his degree of M. D. in 1877. He has ever since engaged in his
profession at Montreal and, deeply studious of mind, has ever continued in per-
fecting his wide knowledge and keeping up-to-date with the latest discoveries
made in the world's medical science. The humane element in his nature is strongly
developed and much of his success must be ascribed to the confidence which he
inspires in his patients and which is recognized today as being one of the larger
factors in effecting a cure. Careful in diagnosis, he is decisive in his actions
after reaching a conclusion and there are hundreds who can testify to his ability
and are grateful to him for having given them back health and happiness.

It is but natural that a man of Dr. Desroches' ability should turn to the
scientific side of his profession, not finding his sole satisfaction in mere attend-
ance upon and ministrations to the sick. In 1884 he was chosen by the Hygienic
Society of the Province of Quebec as manager of the Journal of Popular Hygiene
and had charge of this valuable medium of influence until 1895. contributing many
articles toward the enlightenment of the general public. In 1887 Dr. Desroches
was nominated an honorary member of the Societe FranQaise of Paris and in the
same year, on the occasion of the exposition of children's hygiene, held in Paris,
he received from the Hygienic Society for Children, of that city, a diploma and a
gold medal and was chosen a corresponding member of the society. In 1889 he

494 HISTORY OF :\rONTREAL

was made a correspondiui^ member of the Society of Physical, Natural and Clima-
tological Sciences of Algiers. From 1892 to 1895 and from 1898 until 1901 Dr.
Desroches had charge of the medical bureau of the province of Quebec and from
1894 until 1900 was a member of the Provincial Council on Hygiene, of Quebec.

On February 9, 1881, Dr. Desroches was united in marriage to Miss Albertine
Groulx, a daughter of Louis Thomas and Cornelie (Doyou) Groulx, the former
a well known barrister and notary public of Joliette. Dr. and Mrs. Desroches
have the following children, Jeanne, Gilberte, Henri. Juliette and Lucille. In
various connections the Doctor has made valuable contributions to hygienic science
and the subject of medicine and several of the works of which he is the author
enjoy a wide circulation and are considered standard by the profession. He is a
public-spirited man, progressive not only in his profession but in regard to all
subjects that affect his home city and is ever ready to give his warm support
to worthy public enterprises. His deep knowledge assures him of a position of
distinction, while his kindly spirit has gained him a place in the hearts of his
fellowmen.

HON. HONORE MERCIER.

Hon. Honore Mercier, minister of colonization, mines and fisheries, lawyer
and legislator, recognized as one of the liberal leaders of Montreal and also
acknowledged one of the capable representatives of the bar, was born at St.
Hyacinthe, P. O., in 1875, his parents being the late Hon. H. M. (Count)
Mercier and Virginie (St. Denis) Mercier, the former prime minister of Quebec
and one of the eminent lawyers of the province, of whom mention will be
found elsewhere in this work.

The preparatory education of Honore ]\Iercier was received at St. Mary's
(Jesuit) College, following which he was privately tutored in preparation for his
work at Laval University, that institution conferring upon him the LL. B. degree
in 1899. He was made an advocate in 1900, since which time he has successfully
practiced his profession, being now senior member of the law firm of Mercier &
Beique, with ofifices in the Quebec Bank building. Mr. Mercier's knowledge of the
principles of jurisprudence is comprehensive and exact, and his ability, devotion
to his clients' interests and the thoroughness with which he prepares his cases
have given him high standing as a representative of the legal profession in the
province.

Mr. Mercier has been a prominent figure in nuinicii)al and provincial aft'airs,
standing firmly in support of the principles and measures which he deems of vital
worth. He was elected to the city council of Montreal in February, 1906, and
in 1907, was appointed a member of L'F.cole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales,
of which he is secretary and treasurer, and in the work of which institution, Mr.
Mercier has proven a most capable official.

He was chosen in the lil)eral interest to represent Chateauguay in the provincial
parliament, where he has sat almost uninterruptedly since 1907. On April 29,
1914, he was appointed minister of colonization, mines and fisheries in the Couin
cabinet. He gives earnest and thoughtful consideration to the questions of the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 495

day and is farsightcd in his outlook over the political held with all that it implies
in its relation to the welfare, progress and prosperity of the province and
dominion.

Mr. Mercier was married, in April, i90_^, to Miss Jeanne Frechette, a daughter
of the late Dr. L. H. Frechette, C. M. G. Their religious faith is that of the
Roman Catholic church. They occupy an attractive home at No. 408 St. Denis
street, and its hospitality is greatly enjoyed by their many friends. They also
have a summer residence at Bellevue. Mr. Mercier is not a club man in the usually
accepted sense of the term, yet he belongs to the Club Canadien and has social
qualities that make and retain friends.

ALFRED FOREST.

Natural ability and profound learning have placed Alfred Forest among the
well known young barristers of Montreal, where he enjoys an extensive practice
as a member of the firm of Le Blanc, Brossard & Forest, who have offices at No.
35 St. James street. Well versed in the letter of the law, h.e is capable, earnest
and conscientious in the discharge of his duties and has Ijeen entrusted with much
important litigation since beginning his career.

The Forest family were among those French emigrants who settled in Acadia
— now Nova Scotia — and the earliest record to be found of them in Montreal is
that of Madeline Forest, who was born in 1709 at d'.\nnapolis, Acadia. On the
maternal side Alfred Forest is descended from the Mousseau family, who are
named among the early settlers in the province of Quebec, the first mentioned
being Jacques Mousseau, who was married on January 25, 1694, at Bouchcrville,
to Marie-Ann Daunet, or Daunais.

Alfred Forest was born on the 8th of June, 1881, in thg parish of St. Patrick
of Rawdon, in the county of Montcalm. His parents were Urgel Forest, gentle-
man, and Eliza (Mousseau) Forest, a niece of the late Hon. Alfred Mousseau, in
T882 prime minister of the province of Quebec and later minister of public
service in the cabinet of Sir John A. ^Licdonald in 1884. In 1886, when he died,
he was judge of the superior court of Montreal and was always a leading con-
servative.

In the acquirement of liis education .Vlfred Forest attended the Seminary of
Joliette and then followed the philosophical course at the Seminary of the St.
Sulpice Fathers in Montreal, graduating in 1905 with the degree of B. A. This
was followed by a law course at Laval University, where on December 21, 1907,
he obtained his degree of LL. L. with distinction and was admitted to the bar on
the 15th of January, 1908. In 1906 he was secretary of the law students at
Laval L^niversity and in 1907 was their president. During his law course he
received practical training in the office of the Hon. Judge Paul Martineau and
with the Hon. P. E. Le Blanc, ex-speaker and ex-leader in the legislative assembly,
with whom he is now connected under the firm style of Le Blanc, Brossard &
Forest. After settling down to his practice no long novitiate awaited him for he
soon demonstrated his ability to cope with the most intricate legal problems. His-
reasoning is sound, his logic forceful and, being a student of humanitv as well

496 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

as book lore, he easily perceives the vital point in the most difficult legal tangles.
As the years have passed he has made himself felt in the legal fraternity. More-
over he is now connected with some of the largest interests of the city, this con-
nection having led him to become a director of the Modern Gas Light, Heat &
Power Company, in which organization he served in that capacity in 1912 and

1913-

On April 30, 1913, in ^lontreal, Mr. Forest was united in marriage to Miss
Helene Jondreville, only daughter of Charles Jondreville, formerly of Paris,
France. Her parents came directly from that city to Montreal in 1880. Of a
distinguished family, Mrs. Forest is a cultured young lady of rare attainments
and many accomplishments and will no doubt take a prominent part in the social
life of the city.

Mr. Forest has always been a profound student and is an expert on political
economy. He is a member of the conservative party and was offered the candi-
dature in the federal election of 191 1 by the electors of the county of Montcalm
but declined, as his private interests practically forebade him to divert his time.
He is an adherent of the Catholic church and holds membership in the Canadian
Club, L'Alliance Frangaise and the Conservative Club. Mr. Forest is loyal to
the interests of Montreal, of which he is considerate and which he always tries to
promote, proving thereby his value as a citizen. He is esteemed and respected
net only among the legal fraternity but among the general public, who have
recognized his worth as man, citizen and lawyer.

WILLIAM PATERSON.

Personally popular, William Paterson left behind him a large circle of friends
at his death on the 23d of October, 1902. For twenty years he had been engaged
in the tailoring business in Montreal, where he enjoyed a wide acquaintance. He
was born December 2, 1858, in Montreal, a son of James Paterson, a native of
Scotland, who passed his youthful days in that country. He there married Miss
Ellen Swanson and afterward left the land of hills and heather for the new
world. To him and his wife were born seven children.

The father was a .tailor by trade and it was under his direction and guidance
that William Paterson learned the business. He pursued a public-school educa-
tion and then entered his father's shop, devoting many decades to that pursuit.
He was in business on Notre Dame street for two decades, having one of the
well equipped establishments of the city and gaining a liberal patronage, which
grew with the passing years and made his one of the prosperous tailoring estab-
lishments of the city.

On the i8th of August, 1S81, Mr. Pater.son was united in marriage, on Prince
Edward Island, to Miss Arabella Le B. Graves, of Nova Scotia, and they became
the parents of four children : Leslie J. ; William Henry ; .\lice G., who is Mrs.
James J. Aird ; and Grace W.

Mr. Paterson voted with the conservative party but never took an active inter-
est in politics to the extent of seeking office as a reward for party fealty. He
was very prominent in fraternal circles, serving as worshipful master of Elgin

WILLIAM PATERSON

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 499

Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and in 1898 he was elected district deputy grand master
of the Montreal district. He was past grand in the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows. He was also a life member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Asso-
ciation, and was one of the members of Knox Presbyterian church, serving for
several years on the board of managers. His varied interests and activities of
life maintained an even balance and made him a forceful and inlluential factor
in support of the business, social and municipal affairs with which he was
connected.

D. AUG. FONTAINE.

D. Aug. Fontaine is a well known lawyer and notary of Montreal, being located
at No. 244 St. Catherine street East. Born in the town of Marieville, Rouville
county, February 2, 1872, he comes of distinguished French-Canadian ancestry.
The Rev. Damase Limoges is an uncle and Morraine Alphonsine Lemieux, his
cousin. The Rev. Damase Limoges was curate of the Catholic parish of St.
Jean Baptiste, in the county of Rouville, and our subject was baptized in the
Catholic church in that parish on the 4th. of February, 1872. His father was
Felix Fontaine, a notary at Marieville, and his mother Claire (Limoges) Fontaine.
The former was born at St. Charles sur Richelieu or at St. Hyacinthe about No-
vember 24, 1832. He studied in the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe and served a legal
clerkship at Marieville with the notary Laberge. He afterwards established him-
self in that city as a notary and there practiced for the rest of his life, being
recognized as a brilliant lawyer and gaining great success. He was a member of
the Chamber of Notaries for about twenty-five years and when he died was vice
president of this institution. The mother was born at Terrebonne, about August
2, 1840, a daughter of Pierre Limoges, a blacksmith, and Dame (Viger) Limoges.
The paternal grandfather of our subject was Felix Fontaine, a teacher at St.
Hyacinthe. The maternal grandfather, Pierre Limoges, and Charlotte Luce
(Viger) Limoges, his wife, were the parents of twenty-three children, three
daughters of whom embraced holy orders, one of them having joined the Ladies
of the- Sacred Heart at Montreal. One of their sons, Joseph Magloire Limoges,
is a curate at Sorel ; another, Damase Limoges, a curate at Beloeil and Farnham.
A daughter, Claire Limoges, is the mother of our subject.

Louis Fontaine received his education in the elementary school at the Hospice
of Ste. Croix at Marieville. He completed his commercial and classical studies
at the Seminary of Ste. Marie de Monnoir at Marieville, having terminated his
course in 1893. He studied law at Laval University of Montreal from 1893 to
1897 ^"d served a clerkship with Maitre J. A. Dorval, of Montreal. He received
his notaryship at Quebec (with distinction) September 14. 1897. Mr. Fontaine
then formed a partnership with his former preceptor, Maitre Dor\'al, under the
firm name of Dorval & Fontaine. Following, he associated himself with his class-
mate, Oscar Desautels, continuing the partnership of Fontaine & Desautels until
1899. At the end of that time he succeeded his father, Felix Fontaine, as notary
in Marieville. Taking up his father's practice, he there followed his profession
for about ten years and has been actively engaged in legal work in Montreal since

,50D HISTORY OF MONTREAL

1910. He was secretary-treasurer of the school commission of Marieville and also
was manager of the Marieville branch of a private bank, known as "La Caisse
d'Economie de Drummondville." He also was for some time collector of customs
at JMarieville. In politics he was a strict liberal until 1909 and although he yet
gives his allegiance to that party, is a nationalist at the same time.

On the 29th of July, 1896, Mr. Fontaine was married in the town of Alarie-
ville, which is now annexed to Montreal and known as the town of Ste. Cune-
gonde, to Miss Marie Eugenie Anna \'ezina, daughter of Alexandre and Emma
(Chagnon) Vezina. The father is engaged in the saddlery business. Mr. and
Mrs. Fontaine have three children: Marie Eugenie Claire Ubaldine, fourteen
years of age ; Marie Marguerite Jeanne, twelve years of age ; and Joseph Alexandre
Felix Auguste, aged eleven.

Mr. Fontaine is a member of the Roman Catholic and Apostolic church. He
is a musical composer of no mean ability and has produced a pleasing repertoire
of Canadian songs. He is the author of the Canadian national song, which was
written to the words of Abbe A. Fournet, P. S. S. He was a prize winner in the
competition between Canadian poets in 1908 and the newspaper La Presse paid
him one hundred dollars, le prix de concours. He is adviser to the singers of
Notre Dame parish church of Montreal. Mr. Fontaine deeply interests himself
in all matters pertaining to public afifairs and is interested in the cause of education
.and in arts and letters. He is a lawyer of ability, a patriotic citizen and a man
who stands for the higher things in life and who finds great pleasure and satisfac-
tion in following his aesthetic tastes and in implanting his art ideas in others.
His talent along musical lines has been ably put to use in elevating the musical
standards of the city and in bringing more closely before the public the idea of
creating a home musical art particularly and peculiarly Canadian.

ARTHUR SURVEYER.

In the field of engineering the name of Arthur Surveyer is widely known.
Liberal training and broad experience have brought him to a prominent position
and won for him the liberal patronage that is accorded him as senior partner
in the firm of Surveyer & Frigon, consulting engineers of Z\Iontreal.

Mr. Surveyer was born in this city on the 17th of December, 1878, son of
L. J. A. and M. A. Hectorine (Fabre) Surveyer, of whom more extended mention
will be found elsewhere in this book, and supplemented his course of study in St.
Mary's College by a course in L'Ecole Polytechnique in which he won the degrees
of Bachelor of .\rts and r>achelor of .Apjilied .Science and was graduated as a
civil engineer. He also pursued a special post-graduate course at L'Ecole d'lndus-
trie et des Mines du Hainout. Mons, Belgium. His liberal training, and broad
c.Kperience have made him one of the most efficient representatives of the pro-
fession. From 1904 until May, 191 i. he was in the service of the Canadian depart-
ment of public works and was engaged on tlie survey, plans and estimates for the
deorgian Bay Sliip Canal project and the survey of the Richelieu river for a
twelve-foot canal. lie was supervising engineer during the construction of the
Port .Arthur Dry Dock and reported on several hydro-electric projects oti the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 501

St. Lawrence river. In May, 1911, he left the pubHc service, in which he was
connected with many important works, to enter upon private practice, i)Ut has
l)een retained as consulting engineer by the pubHc works department in a number
of important matters such as the preparation of Canada's case against the Chicago
drainage canal and the report on the plans submitted to the government by the
Montreal Tunnel Company and by the Alontreal Central Terminal Company. Mr.
Surveyer is a member of the St. Lawrence River commission, is engineer for
various municipalities and is a member of a numljer of professional societies and
associations, including the Canadian Society of Civil luigineers, the International
Federation of Consulting Engineers and the llydrotechnic -Society of I'rance.
Thoroughness has characterized all that he has undertaken. That (|uality was
manifest in his preparation for his profession. He was a most discriminating and
earnest student and in his practice he has lost sight of no detail of his work and
at the same time has given due prominence to its most important problems
and features. His entire professional career has been characterized by con-
tinuous advancement.

J. F. OLIVAR ASSELIN.

J. F. Olivar Asselin was born at St. Hilarion, in Charlevoix county, P. Q.,
November 8, 1874, a son of Rieule and Cedulie (Tremblay) Asselin, the latter
of whom is still living. He emigrated to the United States with his parents in
1892, and in Fall River, Massachusetts, J. F. Olivar Asselin was for two years
employed in the cotton mills.

Taking up journalism, he was at first connected with small French weekly
publications. He afterward became editor of La Tribune, a Woonsocket, Rhode
Island, daily, in which capacity he enjoyed the friendship and confidence of
the Hon. Mr. .\. J. Pothier, then lieutenant governor, and now governor of Rhode
Island. While practicing his profession in Woonsocket, Mr. Asselin was principal
of an evening public school in that city in 1897 ''"d i8g8.

He was the first man to enlist in the First Rhode Island \'olunteers, at the
breaking out of the Spanish-American War.

Returning to Canada in 1900, he was successively connected with the Montreal
Herald, La Patrie, Le Journal, La Presse, La Nationaliste and Le Devoir, with a
two years intermission — 1901-1903 — during which he was private secretary to
the Hon., now .Sir Lomer Gouin, then minister of colonization and public works
of the province of Quebec. In 1902 he organized the Nationalist league, being for
several years president of the Montreal branch. This indicates his deep interest
in political problems and to disseminate the principles in which he believed, he
founded La Nationaliste as the organ of the party, and for a time w^as editor
of that publication.

He has written much upon various subjects, his publications including a series
of political brochures with the title, Feuilles de Combat. He is also the author
of "A Quebec View of Canadian Nationalism, an Essay by a Dyed-in-the-Wool
French-Canadian," which was published in 1910.

502 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

He has been in business for four years as manager of the Credit Metropolitain,
one of the well known real-estate and financial firms of Montreal.

In 1912, he was appointed by the federal government, a special commissioner
to French and Belgium, to study the question of emigration from those countries
to Canada. Mr. Asselin has made a special study of municipal questions, and
is well known as a member of the National Municipal league, as well as a con-
tributor to the Municipal Journal. Mr. Asselin stood twice as a candidate for
parliamentary honors, without success, a result which, in one case at least, was
said to be due to his caustic spirit. In 1913 he was elected general president of
the great St. Jean Baptiste Society, the national society of the French.

In 1903 Mr. Asselin wedded Mile. Alice Le Bouthillier of Montreal.

JOSEPH ASSELIN, M. D., C. M.

A speciafist in the treatment of children's diseases and prominently known in
connection with both hospital and private practice, Dr. Joseph Asselin is one of
the best known physicians of ]\Iontreal. He was born in Joliette, Quebec, August
10, 1858, a son of Eusebe and Elmire (Cornellier) Asselin. The father was a
merchant and proprietor of an important seigneury.

Dr. Asselin acquired his classical education in Joliette College, and in further
preparation for the profession which he had determined to make his life w^ork, he
studied for two and a half years in hospitals for children, in Paris, under the direc-
tion of such eminent men as Parrot, Bouchert, Simon and Descroizilles. Since
entering upon active practice in Montreal his advancement has not only been con-
tinuous but rapid, winning speedy recognition for his ability. He has served as a
director of the town dispensary of the Sisters of Providence, Montreal, an institu-
tion in which many thousands of children have been treated each year. He has
also been physician of the Orphelinat St. -Alexis at the corner of Mignonne and St.
Denis streets, Montreal.

On the loth of October, 1883, Dr. Asselin was married to Miss Albina Laurier,
daughter of Dr. Louis Laurier, and their family numbers five children. Dr.
Asselin is a conserA-ative in politics and in religious faith a Roman Catholic. He
holds membership with the Independent Order of Foresters, but his chief interest
is that of his profession. He gives untiringly of his service for the benefit of man-
kind and is highly esteemed not only by his colleagues but by the community
generally.

LOUIS THEOPHILE MARECHAL.

In a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit,
talent and ability Louis Theophile Marechal has attained distinguished rank.
Firmly entrenched in the principles of jurisprudence, he adds to his forensic knowl-
edge and ability the rare gift of eloquence, which has been an efTective force
in winning for him a high position in his profession. He represents one of the

JOtSEl'lI ASSIlLIN

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 505

old and distinguished French families in the Montreal district. His birth occurred
at St. Henri, near Montreal, on the 13th of March, 1864, and in the pursuit of
his education he spent some time as a student in Montreal College and in St.
Mary's (Jesuit) College. He afterward entered Laval University, where he
pursued his law course until graduated with the class of 1889. The same year he
was called to the bar and has since practiced as an advocate of Montreal. He
was made a king's counsel in 1903 and was appointed a councillor of the Montreal
bar for the year 1908-9. His advancement in his profession has been continuous.
He accurately applies law principles, being seldom, if ever, at fault in the citation
of a fact or legal precedent. He speaks French and English with equal fluency
and has been gifted with oratorical power that enables him to sway his hearers
with the force of his eloquence. Moreover, his statements are convincing, and his
legal utterances are always based upon a thorough understanding of the legal
principles involved.

Mr. Marechal was united in marriage to Marie, the only daughter of Hon.
C. B. de Boucherville, but lost his wife in death in 1902. His recognition of the
duties and obligations of citizenship is manifest in many tangible ways. In politics
he is a conservative of the pronounced type. He unsuccessfully contested St.
Mary's (Montreal) for the house of commons in the general election of 1904
and was again a candidate for the same seat in 1908. It is a recognized fact that
he is a leader in party ranks and has done much to mold public thought and
action. His religious faith is that of the Roman Catholic church. The spirit
of progress dominates him in all things, especially in his professional and public
relations, and his position of leadership is one to which his ability, public spirit
and eloquence have brought him.

L. GEORGES BADEAUX, M. D.

Specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat.
Dr. Badeaux has won a merited place in his particular branch of the medical
profession. A native of Three Rivers, Quebec, he is descended from a very
old and prominent family, the ancestry being traced back to 1630, when Jacques
Badeaux, who was one of the first notaries in Canada, settled at Beauport. In the
direct line from Jacques Badeaux to the subject of this review, there were four
notaries. The great-great-grandfather, Jean Baptiste Badeaux, who resided at
Three Rivers, was also an author and journalist and among his literary produc-
tions was a journal relating to the American Invasion in 1775. His son, Joseph
Badeaux, also a notary, was a member of the legislature from Three Rivers
at Quebec during the Revolution of 1837.

Dr. Georges Badeaux, his son, and grandfather of Dr. L. Georges Badeaux,
was a widely known physician of Three Rivers, where he engaged in practice for
fifty-five years, or until the time of his death. He was the father of two sons
and several daughters. One of his sons, Joseph Badeaux, was a physician at
Three Rivers, but is now deceased. His only son is Dr. Joseph M: Badeaux,
now engaged in the practice of medicine as successor to his father and grand-
father.

506 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Louis Badeaux, father of Dr. Badeaux, of this review, has always resided
at Three Rivers, where for more than a quarter of a century he was engaged in
the wholesale dry-goods business. He is now living retired.

Dr. L. Georges Badeaux was born March 21, 1886, in -Three Rivers and
acquired his classical education in St. Joseph's College in his native place. In
1906 he began the study of medicine at Laval University, Quebec, and after
spending two years there he entered Laval University at Montreal, from which
he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1910.

He then began to make special study of the eye, ear, nose and throat at the
Hotel Dieu, being assistant there in the treatment of the diseases of those organs.
P'or the past three years Dr. Badeaux has been an assistant in practice to Dr.
Albert Lassalle, the noted eye and ear specialist. For two years Dr. Badeaux
was a professor in the demonstration of anatomy at Laval and he is a member of
La Societe Medicale de Montreal.

On the 28th of April, 1913. Dr. Badeaux was married in .Montreal to Anita
Fellay, a daughter of Ernest Fellay, of this city, and they have one child, Louis
Jacques.

JAMES CHALMERS CAMERON, M. D.

Dr. James Chalmers Cameron, medical practitioner and educator of Montreal,
v^as for thirty-eight years actively connected with the profession in this city,
enjoying not only the respect of all with whom he came in contact but also the
love and affectionate regard of those to whom he ministered in his professional
capacity by reason of his ready sympathy and thorough understanding as well as
his medical and surgical skill. Kindness and helpfulness might be termed the
keynote of his character and those qualities constantly found expression in all
the relations of his life. Ontario was proud to number him among her native
sons, for as he developed his latent powers and energies he gained a wide repu-
tation. He was born at Aultsville, Ontario, January 18, 1832, being the eldest
son of Rev. James Y. Cameron, of the Presbyterian church, who after receiving
his education in Edinl^urgh. under Dr. Thomas Chalmers, was actively connected
with the ministry in Canada for a number of years, but later withdrew from that
field to devote his energies to teaching. He conducted a private academv in
Lundy's Lane for several years and was later in turn jirincipal of the Drummond-
\ ille (Ont.) high school, the W'illiamstown ( Ont. ) high school and for a couple
of years lecturer in classics and mathematics at the Presbyterian College, Montreal.
Rev. J. Y. Cameron married Charlotte Ann Ault in 1851. Both husband and
wife were descended from United Empire Loyalist families, who had sacrificed
their homes in the American colonies to remain true to the British flag and settled
in Glengarry.

Dr. Cameron began studying in liic old Cpper Canada College. Toronto, and
by reason of his aptitude and close application l)ecame head boy of the school
in 1870. lie next entered McfHll, where in four years he became first prize man
in medicine, graduating in 1874. The succeeding three years were spent in con-
nection with the General Hospital in Montreal, but in 1877 he severed his connec-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 507

lion with lliat institution ami in .\])ril of the same year saileti for Dublin, Ireland.
He pursued |)ost-ji;raduate courses in medicine and surgery in Berlin, Paris and
A'ienna and thus he added greatly to his knowledge through acquaintance with the
methods of practice of the most eminent physicians and surgeons of the old
world. The chair of obstetrics at llishop's College was offered to Dr. Cameron
when he returned from his first post-graduate course at the Rotunda and was at
once accepted. He remained there until the chair at McCill was ofifered him, thus
giving him wider ojiportunities. He became professor of obstetrics and infants'
diseases at his alma mater, holding that chair for twenty-six years and con-
tributing in large measure to the success of the medical department. He believed
always in raising the standards of medical education because of his clear recog-
nition of the responsil)ilities devolving upon the practitioner and his labors and
teachings were an inspiration to all who came under his instruction. While ])ro-
fessor at McGill Dr. Cameron became associated with the old University I,ving-in
Hospital, which later became the Montreal Maternity Hospital, and Dr. Cameron's
work in behalf of that institution resulted largely in bringing it to its present
standard of modern excellence. It was not only as practitioner and educator that
Dr. Cameron became widely known but also as a contributor to various text-
books on medicine, this gaining him a wide reputation. His treatises were written
in English, French and German. He was .well known in the United States and was
elected an honorary fellow of the American Gynecological Society, besides being
a metnber of many other leading societies connected with the medical profession.
He was a member of the British Medical Association and the Edinburgh Obstetri-
cal Society. For many years he was chief medical examiner for the Equitable
Life Assurance Society in Montreal. He gained eminence as a lecturer on subjects
of literary interest, his addresses on Robert Louis Stevenson' and Robert lUirns
being especially well received.

Dr. Cameron was married in 1880 to Miss Elizabeth Jane Dakers, daughter
of James Dakers. who was for thirty-five years secretary and manager of the
Montreal Telegraph Company. Mrs. Cameron survives with one son, Dakers
Cameron, of Montreal. Dr. Cameron is also survived by his mother and two
brothers. Dr. John W. Cameron, of BulTalo, Xew York, and Wellington .\ult
Cameron, barrister, of Toronto.

The remarkable energy of Dr. Cameron found expression along other lines.
He was for a time assistant surgeon of the Sixth Fusiliers. His name was on the
membership role of the St, Jaines and University Clubs and in 1874 he was initiated
into Royal Albert Lodge, A. F. & A. M. Subsequently he became the principal
mo\-er in establishing the L'niversity Lodge, A. F. & A. M., which has rapidly
grown in influence and includes many uni\ersity graduates and students of McGill.
He was the first worshipful master of this lodge and also an officer of the grand
lodge of Ouebec. In Masonry he attained the thirty-second degree. .As specially
appointed medical examiner for the (^lerman army, Dr. Cameron held a position
unique in Canadian history, an honor which he valued very highly. He was also
a member of the Teutonia Club. Dr. Cameron died suddenly on March 16. 1912.
The funeral services were conducted according to Masonic rites, the religious
ceremony taking place at St. Paul's Presbyterian church, of which he was a
member. One of the local papers said : "His every patient became his friend and
his death is a loss to thousands." The news of his demise, indeed, carried a sense

508 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of personal bereavement into many homes where his eminent skill and kindl)
ministrations had made him loved and honored. In all of his professional
relations he approached the ideal because of his comprehensive knowledge and
still more because of his deep human interest and sympathy. He regarded it as
a sacred privilege and obligation to discharge the duties of his profession and his
life embodied the thought of the philosopher who has said: "Not the good that
comes to us but the good that comes to the world through us is the measure of
our success."

JOSEPH VENNE.

On the list of architects who have had to do with the building of ^Montreal
appears the name of Joseph Venne, senior member of the well known firm of
Venne & Labelle, and those who are to any extent familiar with the building
operations that have been carried on here in the last third of a century know that
he has figured prominently as one whose work combines the indispensable quali-
ties of utility, comfort, convenience and adornment. He was born in Montreal,
June 14, 1859, was educated in the Christian Brothers school of this city and, being
a diligent student, creditably passed his examinations.

After putting aside his text-books he entered the office of Perrault & IMesnard,
architects, and for many years was their head clerk. The high regard entertained
for him by his employers is indicated in the advancement that came to him from '
lime to time and his eventual admission to the firm under the style of Perrault,
Mesnard & Venne, which partnership continued for several years when it was dis-
solved. Since 191 2 he has been associated with Louis Labelle.

In 1882 Mr. Venne was united in marriage to Miss P. Boucher, a daughter of
S. Boucher, Esq., of Montreal. A Roman Catholic in religious faith, he belongs
to the St. Jean Baptiste Society and has been president of the Sacred Heart sec-
tion. In politics he is a liberal. Along professional lines his connection is with
the provincial Association of Architects, and through his identification with that
organization he keeps in touch with the advanced work and progressive ideas of
representative men of the profession and also contributes from his experience and
wisdom to its discussions and conferences.

NIEL H. ASSELIN.

The name of Niel H. Asselin has become a familiar one in commercial circles
in Montreal, where he occupies the important and responsible position of general
agent of the Singer Sewing ^Machine Company for eastern Canada. He was
born in 1845 at St. Michel, Bellechase county, in the province of Quebec, and sup-
plemented his preliminary education by study in the St. Michel Commercial
College. He reached what may be termed his metier by a somewhat circuitous
course. He started with the Grand Trunk Railway in the position of operator
and stationmaster at Hadlow in 1863 and left that position to accept one in the

JOSEPH VENNE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 511

»

office of the [irothonolary for the Quebec district, in which capacity lie served for
six years. He then resigned to travel in the boot and shoe trade, and in 1874
came into active connection with tiie sewing machine business as representative of
the Howe Sewing Machine Company. When this went into liquidation he made
his way to the United States and joined the sales force of the Wheeler & Wilson
& Domestic Sewing Machine Company.

Upon returning to Canada in 1884, Mr. Asselin entered the cmjjKjy of the
White Sewing Machine Company as its representative in Quebec, the maritime
provinces and Newfoundland. In i8yi he joined the Singer Sewing Machine
Company at Quebec as its manager for half of the province and a part of New
Brunswick. In 1903 he was advanced to the position of superintendent and in
1905 became general agent for all eastern Canada, comprising Quebec, New
Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, with head-
cjuarters in the Board of Trade building in Montreal. Here with an office staff of
fifteen under his control and twenty-eight regular shops, thirty-two contract shops
and four hundred outside employes imder his jurisdiction, he may well be said
to hold the blue ribbon position in sewing machine circles in Canada.

Mr. Asselin has a fluent command of both English and French and is a cultured,
genial gentleman, whose popularity arises from attractive social qualities as well
as pronounced business ability.

ROBERT T. MULLIN.

Robert T. Mullin, one of the able and successful advocates" in Montreal, is a
representative of a well known Canadian family whose members settled in the
Dominion about 1810. He was born in 1870 at Bryson, province of Quebec, and
after completing his preliminary education, entered McGill University at Montreal.
He was graduated from the law department in 1896, with first rank honors, and
he was also a gold medallist in Roman law in his graduating year. While at
McGill, Mr. Mullin was a member of the Literary and Debating Society and was
also editor in chief of the "McGill Fortnightly." He was called to the bar in
1900, beginning the practice of his profession in this city in partnership with
Colonel J. P. Cooke, who later became registrar, the firm name being Cooke &
Mullin. This connection was productive of mutually beneficial results and was
maintained until 1910 when it was dissolved. Mr. Mullin later was a member of
the firm of De Boucherville, Mullin & Mathieu, but since 1912 he has been alone
in practice. Mr. Mullin is at all times a strong and forceful practitioner, well
versed in underlying legal principles and possessed of the insight, keenness of
perception and powers of deduction necessary to make his knowledge eft'ective.
He controls a large and important clientage and is very successful in its conduct,
standing today in the front ranks of reliable and competent advocates in Montreal.

At the inception of the Cobalt mining activities, Mr. Mullin became interested
in various mining properties, and he has had considerable success along this line
of industry and has played a conspicuous part in the development of various mining
properties. His operations have been so successful that his judgment has been
profitably followed by others in the mining world.

512 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Miillin is connected with the Masonic fraternity and with the Benevolent
P'rotective Order of Elks and is active in the affairs of the local branches of both
organizations. Mr. Mullin has done valiant service in the ranks of the liberal
party. He has always been an enthusiastic supporter of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and
ready to respond to his party's call at any time. In the city where practically his
entire active life has been passed his signal ability has gained him the respect of
his professional brethren, while his constant courtesy and sterling qualities of
character command everywhere high honor -.ind regard.

J. A. ST. JULIEX, K. C. ■

J. A. St. Julien, K. C, was a member of the prominent and well known law
firm of St. Julien & Theberge, having offices at No. 60 Notre Dame street East.
During the years of his connection with the Montreal bar he attained an enviable
place in the practice of his profession.

Mr. St. Julien was a native son of Montreal, born in 1855. Liberal educational
opportunities qualified him for important professional service. His early studies
were supplemented by a course in the Alontreal College, Laval Uni\-ersity and in
McGill University and from the last named institution he was graduated with
the degree of B. C. L. He entered upon the active practice of his chosen profession
in 1882 and was continuously before the courts from that time uhtil his death.
His ability w"as pronounced for he was ever a careful and discriminating student
of the principles of law and was accurate in the application thereof. His devo-
tion to his clients' interests was proverbial, yet he never forgot that he owed a still
higher allegiance to the majesty of the law, and neither the zeal of an advocate
nor the pleasure of success permitted him to disregard this. His political alle-
giance was given to the liberal party, but he was never an aspirant for office, pre-
ferring to concentrate his energies upon his professionl interests and perform his
public service as a private citizen. His death occurred Alay 4, 1914, and was
deeply regretted by all who knew him. In his demise Montreal lost one of her
foremost representatives of the legal profession and a citizen w-ho w'as always
loyal to his city.

HON. CHARLES LAURENDEAU.

Hon. Charles Laurendeau, chief city attorney, the head of the city's legal
department, is one of the able members of the legal profession in Montreal. The
Hon. Mr. Laurendeau belongs to one of the oldest families in the province of
Quebec. He was born at St. Barthelemy, in 1865, and was educated at L'Assomp-
tion College and Laval University. Tn the latter institution he ])ursucd the study
of law and was graduated with the LL. B. degree in 1892.

In the same year he began practice as an advocate, and rapidly won a foremost
position among his colleagues until his ability and power to successfully cope with
the intricate and involved ]iroblenis of jurispruclcncc became widely known.

HISTORY OF AfONTREAL 513

He was at one time associated in ])ractice with Justice Fortin, subsequently
becoming the head of the law firm of Laurendeau, I'elletier & Pelletier. He
was created king's counsel in iyo6, and on July 6, 1910, was honored with the
appointment of puisne judge of the superior court of the province of Quebec.

Advancement at the bar is proverbially slow and yet he has progressed step
by step, putting his knowledge to the practical test in his application of legal
principles to the points at issue, in which connection he is seldom at fault.

Judge Laurendeau resigned his ])osition on the bench, to accept the far more
arduous one of city attorney, to which he was ajjpointed October 26, 1913.

Judge Laurendeau is married to Miss Georgina Beaudet, the eldest daughter
of G. J. Beaudet, of Coteau-du-Lac, P. Q. Judge and Mrs. Laurendeau hold
membership in the Catholic church. The hospitality of their attractive home is
enjoyed by many friends, and Judge Laurendeau is well known and honored
among his professional colleagues by reason of his strict conformity to the highest
ethics of the law.

WILL. H. WHYTE.

Will. H. Whyte, prominent and successful in the insurance profession and an
eminent representative of Masonry in Canada, was born in Montreal, March 15,
1850, the eldest son of the late James Whyte of "The Greenlaw," Paisley, Scotland,
and Annie Gray (Shanks) Whyte, whose girlhood home was at Berwick on Tweed.

Will. H. Whyte became a student at the Montreal Collegiate school and entered
business circles in connection with the wholesale dry-goods house of Ogilvy &
Company. The steps in his orderly progression are easily discernible and his course
has been marked by a continuous advance along lines of constantly broadening
activity and usefulness. For six years he was business manager of the Montreal
Herald when the Hon. Peter Mitchell was the principal owner and president.
Since 1897 'I's attention has been given to the insurance business, and his constantly
expanding powers have brought him into prominent relations with the profession.
He is now secretary-treasurer and underwriter of the Royal Marine Insurance
Company of Montreal.

His business connections alone would entitle him to distinction, yet he has,
perhaps, an even wider acquaintance through his Masonic associations. Indeed,
few Canadian Masons are better known throughout the Masonic world. He was
initiated in Prince Consort Lodge, No. 52, and was installed worshipful master
in December, 1876. He was elected to a number of important offices in the
grand lodge and became grand secretary of the grand lodge of Quebec in January,
1902. He has passed through the various branches of Royal Arch Masonry and
was grand first principal Z. of the grand chapter of Quebec, holding the office for
the years 1888-9. He has held the office of grand scribe E. from 18x^3. He
received the Cryptic degrees and has been illustrious grand master of the grand
council of the maritime provinces. He was knighted as a Knight Templar in
1882 and was supreme grand master in 1895 and 1896 of the sovereign great
priory of Canada and has been grand chancellor since 1897. He was the second
Knight Templar to be elected an honorary member of the grand encampment.

514 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

K. T., of the United States at the triennial conclave in Chicago in 1910. He is
a member of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Mystic Shrine and of the Royal
Order of Scotland. The many important offices he has held, as well as his
reviews and historical sketches have brought him very prominently before the
Masonic craft for many years.

In former years Mr. Whyte was an active athlete and supporter of amateur
athletics. He was one of the founders and is the historian of the Montreal Amateur
Athletic Association. He has also served as one of its directors. He was likewise
president of the Montreal Lacrosse Club in 1885-6; was vice president and
secretary for six years of the Montreal Snowshoe Club ; is one of the oldest
members of the Dominion Commercial Travelers' Association; is a life member
of the Caledonian Society ; a member of St. Andrew's Society ; and of the Board
of Trade of Montreal.

On the 3d of January, 1882, Mr. Whyte married Almeda Garratt, a daughter
of the late Captain Robert Nelson Garratt of Kingston, Ontario, a representative
of one of the families longest connected with the history of the city of Kingston.
The)' are members of the American Presbyterian church, and they delight in dis-
pensing the hospitality of their home at No. 4290 Western avenue, Westmount.

JAMES PATON.

James Paton, a well known citizen of Montreal, died November 17, 1905.
He was born in this city in 1853, a son of Laird Paton, a distinguished citizen of
Montreal, who Vvas at the head of the firm of Laird Paton & Sons, contractors.

It was to that business that James Paton turned his attention, when his
school days were over, joining his father and acquainting himself with every
phase of the business in which he was destined to win substantial success. The
firm of Laird Paton & Sons took high rank among the contractors of the city
and erected many of Montreal's best buildings. James Paton was capable of
watching and directing the slightest detail as well as the most important features
of his business and could turn with equal energy and enthusiasm to sporting
events. In a word, he had the power of concentrating his entire energy upon
the interest of the moment and it was this that gained him prominence along each
line. Whenever the name of James Paton was seen in connection with any sport,
it was a guarantee that it was clean and honest and he rendered great service
to the city in the promotion of amateur sports. He belonged to the Montreal
Amateur Athletic Association and was one of the moving spirits in the develop-
ment of that organization and in the efforts which eventually lead to the secur-
ing of the present handsome quarters of the organization on Peel street. He wa'5
also instrumental in securing the establishment of its swimming-pool and he
belonged to the Montreal and Caledonian Curling Clubs, was always ready to
take an active part in the water carnivals, and was a favorite of the membership
in the different organizations with which he was identified, lie found ])leasure
and manifested marked proficiency in ice-boating and tobogganing. He loved
sailing and seemed a born sailor, displaying great ability in managing his craft
and taking part in many sailing contests of note

JAMF.S I'ATdX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 517

Mr. Patoii niarricd Miss Annie M. Thompson of Ottawa and they had four
children. He was but lifty-two years of age at the time of his death. He
possessed in a large measure the (juality of camaraderie and his friends were
legion so that his death was deeply regretted outside the immediate family circle.

RICHEMONT LE MOYX'E DE MARTIGNY.

Richemont Le Moyne de Martigny, for many years engaged in the real-estate
business in Montreal, was born at Varennes, Quebec, Septenilier 25, 1852, and
is descended from a distinguished French family that was founded in Canada
in 1654. Of the three brothers who tirst crossed the Atlantic to the new world
Charles became governor of Montreal, Jacc]ues estal)lished himself at Varennes
and was a farmer and active participant in the early Indian wars, while Pierre
proceeded westward to what is now Detroit.

Prime de Martigny, father of Richemont Le Moyne de Martigny, was a
farmer at Yarennes, well known in both military and official connections, serving
as colonel of the militia and mayor of Varennes. He married Charlotte Per-
reault, of Quebec, and their sons were : Prime, a physician of Omaha, Nebraska ;
Richemont Le Moyne; and Alexander, chief engineer of the Ottawa River Navi-
gation Company.

The second son was educated at L'Assomption College and studied law with
La Coste & Globesky, of Montreal. In 1881 he was admitted to the bar and
practiced his profession until 1885, when he devoted himself to the real-estate
business, in which he has since been successfully engaged. If is generally con-
ceded that he is one of the best informed men on real estate in the entire province.
He is an expert valuator of property, and his knowledge of the real-estate market
embraces every important piece of property that is offered for sale. A spirit of
enterprise characterizes all of his business dealings and, grading his activities,
has brought him to a position of distinction and success.

In 1880 Mr. de Martigny was married, in L'Assomption, to Marie Louise
Levesque, and they have one daughter, Jacqueline. Mr. de Martigny is a con-
servative in politics and in religious faith is a Roman Catholic. He has ever
been fond of outdoor life, is an enthusiastic fisherman and spends much of his
leisure in engaging in that sport.

HON. NAPOLEON CHARBONNEAU, K. C.

Hon. Napoleon Charbonneau, K. C, and a puisne judge of the superior court
of the province of Quebec since 1903, was admitted to the bar in 1879 ^"<i J"
the intervening period has made continuous progress in his profession until he
is today one of the leaders of the provincial bar. He was born at Cote des Neiges,
Quebec, on the 12th of February, 1853. his parents being Augustin and Julienne
(Dufort) Charbonneau. In the accjuireinent of his education he, attended Mon-
treal College and after thorough preparation for the bar was admitted to practice

Vol. in— 23

^

518 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

in 1879 and entered upon the active work of the profession in Montreal. At one
time he was a partner of the late Senator Trudel and of the Hon. L. O. Taillon.
He has successfully pleaded before the judicial committee of the privy council,
and on the nth of March, 1903, he was made a puisne judge, remaining con-
tinuously upon the bench to the present time. The Montreal Standard speaks
of him as "a judge of uncommon perspicacity, thoroughly sound in his law and
swift in his p^ception of relevant facts and issues ; there are not two opinions
as to his ability."

Judge Charbonneau's public activity aside from his service on the bench has
been partially in connection with political affairs. He unsuccessfully contested
Jacques Cartier for the house of commons in the liberal interest at the general
election in 1887 and in 1895 was elected at the by-election. He was appointed
a royal commissioner for the province to inquire into the charges against the
Hon. A. Turgeon in 1907. His attention, however, has largely been confined
to his professional duties, and he has gained eminence in a calling where advance-
ment depends entirely upon individual merit. Endowed by nature with strong
intellectual power, he has so directed his reading and his activities as to have
won place among the eminent judges of the province.

The present wife of Judge Charbonneau was Mile. Lemieux. His religious
belief is that of the Roman Catholic church. He maintains his residence in
Montreal at No. 36 Simpson street. His summer outing affords him opportunity
for cruising, and he and his family are enthusiastic over this form of recreation.
His launch, the Mouette, is much enjoyed. His circle of friends is select rather
than large, and he is often found in those gatherings where intelligent men are
met in the discussion of vital and significant themes and problems.

GEORGES ALPHONSE MONETTE.

Foremost in his profession in Montreal is Georges Alphonse Monette. archi-
tect, whose skill finds tangible expression in some of the most beautiful and sub-
stantial structures of the city. A native of Montreal, he is a son of Georges
and Domithilde (Beauchamp) Monette. The father, now deceased, was a con-
tractor. The mother is still a resident of this city.

G. A. Monette acquired his early education in the Christian Brothers school
and began the study of architecture in the ofiice of A. F. Dunlop, a well known
architect, with whom he remained for five years. He received a diploma from
the Associate Architects of the Province of Quebec in 1892 and soon afterward
went to Boston, Massachusetts, where he studied in the offices of a number of
the leading architects of that city. He then returned to Montreal and entered
the ofiice of Perrault & Mesnard. architects, subsequently engaging in business
for himself about a score of years ago. While he has a large general practice,
he specializes in public buildings work and substantial evidence of his ability
may he seen in the La I'atric ituilding, the large block of 11. P. Lahellc & Com-
pany, Ltd.. the dental department Iniilding of Laval University, the St. Leo
Catholic church of Westmount and a number of school and convent Iniililings.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 519

That he ranks notably high in his profession is indicated by the fact that he has
been admitted to membership in various important organizations, including the
Province of Quebec Association of Architects and the Royal Architectural Insti-
tute of Canada, while of the Architectural League of New York he is an asso-
ciate member.

Mr. Monette was married in Montreal to Maria Yersailles, a daughter of
Nazaire Versailles of Montreal, and they have the following children : Antonio,
Cecile, Gertrude, Marcal, Adrienne, Eugene and Hector. Mr. Monette is a
member of the Club St. Denis and has attractive social qualities, which have won
him popularity and prominence in a friendship circle that is extensive. His
interests, however, have been concentrated upon his profession with the result
that his position is now one of recognized leadership.

MAXIME DAOUST.

There is probably no other line of business that is a factor in a city's growth
and development ef|ual to the real-estate business, when conducted by men who
are reliable and who aim to develop only properties of merit and value. In-
cluded among such men is Ma.xime Daoust. president and founder of the Daoust
Realty, Limited.

Mr. Daoust was born in St. Clet, P. O.. November lo, 1873, son of Leon and
Olive Daoust. When he was six years of age his parents removed to Labelle
county and there Mr. Daoust received his education. In 1893 he went to the
United States and was employed in various places in New England until Febru-
ary, 1898, when he enlisted as a volunteer in the United States marines for serv-
ice in the Spanish-American war, which then seemed imminent.

He was among the first troops landed on Cuban soil at Guantanamo, June
10, 1898, participating in the fight at that place. He remained in Cuba until
August, when he was detailed as one of the guard to accompany the Spanish
prisoners, survivors of Cervera's fleet, to Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

Mr. Daoust remained in the United States service until the expiration of his
enlistment, after which he returned to Canada in 1900 and for some time was
employed at the trade of brass molder in Montreal. He then entered the fire
and life insurance field as an agent, at which he achieved success so that in 1904
he had accumulated capital sufficient to engage in the real-estate business in a
small way. He formed a partnership with the late Joseph Charrau under firm
name of Charrau & Daoust, and the first subdivision handled by them was
Frontenac Park, owned by the estate of Henry Hogan, the land being then an
open field. This tract comprised twenty-five hundred lots, and today this prop-
erty is populated by over five hundred families and its location is now the geog-
raphical center of Montreal. The firm quickly won a reputation for straight and
honorable dealings so that when their subsequent subdivisions, Estate Viau and
Christian Brothers, were placed on the market, it was not the merits of the
properties alone that made them in demand.

520 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Daoust later purchased the interest of Mr. Charrau and in 1908 the
Daoust Realty, Limited, was formed with a capital of one hundred thousand dol-
lars, Mr. Daoust becoming president and manager. Up to that time he had
financed his own properties, but he realized that to carry out his huge land
schemes he would require more capital, hence his company. Since then the
Daoust Realty, Limited, has done some of the largest real-estate business in the
city. In June,'i9i3, the capital of the company was increased to two hundred
and fifty thousand dollars.

They are sole agents for Mount Lasalle Park, Mount Lasalle Annex Park and
Champlain Park in Rosemount ward ; Bernard Terrace, Bernard Plateau and
Alliance Park in Longue-Pointe ward ; St. Helen's Park and Coteau Rouge Park,
near town of Montreal South; St. Lambert Heights, near town of St. Lambert;
Chambly Basin Park, Chambly, P. Q. ; and Montreal East Extension, Pointe aux
Trembles, these properties representing a carrying value of over three minion
dollars. Mr. Daoust is vice president of the Mackay Realty, Limited, a member
■of the Board of Trade and the Chambre de Commerce.

In politics he is a liberal and in religion a Roman Catholic. He is fond of
athletic sports and is president of tlie National Sporting Club, Limited. I\Ir.
Daoust was one of the first men in Canada to become interested in aviation and
has spent thousands for furthering that science. He has built four machines,
the designing and building being done in this district. The first two were fail-
ures, but notwithstanding the large expense he persevered until his courage and
■enthusiasm were rewarded by his machines making successful flights.

On June 20, 1905, Mr. Daoust was married to Amelia Clement, daughter of
Samuel Clement of Pointe Claire, Quebec, and they have two children, Farnand
and Jule-Berthe.

Mr. Daoust is a self-made man in the fullest sense of that term. He possesses
many admirable qualities and a character of sterling worth. He is devoted to
his home and family, is faithful in friendship and loyal to every interest to
which he gives his support. He possesses marked liusiness enterprise with abil-
ity to recognize opportunities that others pass heedlessly by and early grasped
the eternal truth that industry wins, making industry the beacon light of his life,
and has thereby entered into most important business relations. He has accom-
plished important and far-reaching results and has contrilnited in no small de-
cree to the expansion and material growth of the community.

FRANCOIS GEORGE CREPEAU.

Franqois George Crepeau. a representative of the notarial profession in active
practice in Montreal since 1890, was born at St. Henri de Mascouche, Queljec, on
the 25th of May, 1865, a son of Charles and Mathilda (Magnan) Crepeau. The
ancestry of the family can be traced back to Paul Crepeau of Lavcrdure. The next
in the line of descendants was T. Maurice Crepeau, major of militia, who married
Marie Andet of St. Jean, isle of Orleans. Their son, Charles Crepeau, wedded
Agnes Chartrand and their son, Charles Crepeau was married in 1765 to Francoise
Cravel near Quebec. They were the parents of Joseph Crepeau, grandfather of

FRANCOIS (i. CKKl'KAU

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 523

Francois George Crepeau. He married Madeleine Allard, and they were parents
of Charles Crepeau, father of our subject. The family were largely agricultur-
ists and the old homestead which has been occupied by the family for over
one hundred and fifty years, is now owned by Octave Crepeau, a brother of
Francois George Crepeau. The father's family numbered fifteen children, four
of whom passed away, while six sons and five daughters arc yet living and all are
well and strong.

After the ordinary school training Frangois George Crepeau attended an acad-
emy and followed his academical course by study in I'Assomption College. He
won his degree at the College of Montreal and Laval University, being graduated
LL. B. in i8go. Having studied law and prepared for the notarial profession, he
entered upon active practice, in which he has since continued, his ability bringing
him to his present position as a prominent representative of his chosen calling.
His practice is very extensive and in addition he has other business investments,
being a director of the Funeral Expense Society and of La Cie Mutuellc d'lm-
meubles, Ltee.

On the 25th of May, 1891, Mr. Crepeau was married to Miss Marie Louise
Lecours, a daughter of Theophile and Marie (Prefontaine) Lecours, representa-
tives of one of the old French families of the province. The children of this mar-
riage are : George Henry, a photographer, who married Juliette Robillard ; Joseph
Roumald ; M. Jeanne; M. Juliette; M. Emerentienne ; and J. C. Bernard. The
religious faith of the family is that of the Roman Catholic church. Mr. Crepeau
holds membership with the Canadian Order of Foresters, and the Independent
C)rder of Foresters. He also belongs to the Societe Des Artisans, to the Knights
of Columbus, to I'Union St. Pierre and I'Alliance Nationale.

ARSENE S. BROSSEAU, D. D. S.

Comprehensive knowledge of the science of dentistry, skill in its mechanical
phases and close adherence at all times to the highest standards of the profes-
sion has made Dr. Arsene S. Brosseau one of the leading and best known den-
tists of Montreal. Moreover, he is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, in length
of practice in the city. He was born January 22, 1861, in L'Acadie, P. Q., a
son of Jacques and Catherine (Demerce) Brosseau. The parents were for many
years highly esteemed residents of Montreal, but both are now deceased.

Dr. Brosseau acquired his early education in the Christian Brothers school
in Montreal and then took up the study of dentistry at Laval University, being
graduated in 1883. He began practice in the office of Dr. John C. Nichols, with
whom he remained for five years, and later he spent three years in the office of
Dr. Edmund Mathieu. Later he began practice on his own account and has
since continued alone. He has continuously promoted his knowledge through
broad reading and investigation, keeping in touch with the advanced thought of
the profession. His practice comes to him from the best class of Montreal citi-
zens and is very extensive. Splendidly equipped is his office, showing all the
latest appliances known to modern dentistry, and back of all his success is the
sound judgment which enables him to understand the specific needs of each case

524 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and to apply the necessary corrective. Reputation has placed him in a foremost
position in the ranks of the dental fraternity in this city.

Dr. Brosseau was married in Montreal, in 1883, to Miss Fannie Robert, a
daughter of Julien Robert, and they had two children : Lotta, who died in early
life ; and Leo. In club circles Dr. Brosseau is known as a popular member of
the Club St. Denis and Club Canadien. He belongs to the Roman Catholic
church and is a liberal in politics. In matters of moment to the individual and
to the community he maintains the same spirit of progress which characterizes
him in his professional activity, yet he has always made his profession his chief
interest and has obtained a splendid practice. He has ever attended strictly to
the duties incumbent upon him in that connection, being possessed of excellent
business qualifications and a most attractive personality, which has been a large
asset in his success. His is a splendid type of manhood and citizenship, and his
record is a credit to the profession.

JOSEPH AUGUSTIN ODILON LA BADIE.

Joseph Augustin Odilon La Badie. one of the best known notaries of Mon-
treal, was born May 12, 1852, at the family home on St. James street, between
Roy street and David lane. His grandfather, Joseph Augustin La Badie, also a
native of Montreal, studied with Jean Marie Cadieux, a notary, and for many
years had his office and also his home in the building which stood at the corner
of St. Lambert Hill and St. James street, now the corner of St. Laurence boule-
vard and St. James street. He was devoted to his profession, spending the
hours from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. in his office. He was asked to become mayor of
Montreal but declined the honor. He served as colonel of a volunteer regiment
and was a warden of Notre Dame Cathedral. He married Louise Grenier, who
was also of an old Montreal family, and to them were born eighteen children.
Joseph A. La Badie passed away in 1885, at the advanced age of eighty years.

Joseph Evariste Odilon La Badie, father of J. A. O. La Badie of this review,
was born in the old home at the corner of St. Lambert Hill and St. James street.
He attended Montreal College and in his father's office prepared for the practice
of the notarial profession. In the home in which he was born he continued to
practice with his father until 1864, when the old building was razed and a new
one erected on the same site. In the latter he continued to practice his profes-
sion until his death, which occurred in August, 1908, when he was eighty years
of age. He was chief warden of Notre Dame Cathedral and was a prominent
and influential citizen. He married Sophie Jeannotte, a native of Montreal, and
they lived to celebrate their golden wedding. Mrs. La Badie passed away April
13, 1906. They had a family of seven children : Joseph Augustin Odilon ;
Adolphe, a notary of Montreal ; Felix, a practicing physician of Montreal ;
Joseph Esdras, a real estate <lcaler of New York city ; Flora, who died in child-
hood; Sophie, the deceased wife of Louis Belanger, a lawyer; and .-Mphonsc. a
broker, who died in Montreal in 1908.

Joseph Augustin Odilon La Badie pursued his education in the nonnal .school
and in the Jesuit College, from which he was graduated. In 1874 he won the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 525

degree of B. C. L. from McGill University and on the 8th of May, of that year,
he was made a notary at Laval University in Ouebec. lie then l)egan practice
with his father and grandfather and has ever maintained high staiuHng in his
profession.

Mr. La Uadie has l^een an extensive traveler. As a young man he engaged
in ranching in Colorado and during his sojourn in the west learned much of
that section of the United States. He has also made many trips abroad. He
is a great lover of nature and a student of botany. The library which he has
collected contains more than si.x thousand volumes, many of which are rare edi-
tions. This is an indication of his cultured taste and wide interest in literary
matters. His summer, home for the past tw^enty-one years has been at Upper
St. Lambert, where he has two fine farms and makes a specialty of cheese mak-
ing. Mr. La Hadie is very fond of hunting, a recreation in which he indulges
every year.

Though over three score years of age, Mr. La Badie is of magnilicent
physique, his muscles as hard as iron, and he has the appearance of a man
twenty years his junior. In his office is a long table, four feet w'ide, over which
he can jump without touching it with his hands and he can lift a weight of one
hundred and eighty-seven pounds with one hand. His interests have largely
covered those things which are essential, and valuable elements in life. He has
been a student of many questions of pul)lic moment and has filled some offices,
being now a commissioner of the superior court and a justice of the peace. For
one hundred and ten years the La Badies of four generations have been notaries
at the present location. The great-grandfather of Joseph A. O. La Badie died
at the home where Joseph E. O. La Badie was born. The family is, indeed,
one of the oldest and most prominent in Montreal.

Mr. La Badie is not a club man. His mterest centers in his home and his
family, which he prefers to club life. On the 7th of October, 1877, he married
Aurelia de Lompre. of an old Montreal family, and to them have been born
seventeen children : Raoul, a civic employe ; Odilon, who is in his father's
office; Paul, a notary; Florida, deceased; Jeanne; Germaine; Marie Antoinette;
Camile ; Alice ; Leo ; Amanda ; Adolphe ; Alice ; Emile ; Pauline ; Gabriel ; and
Cecile.

ARTHUR GIBEAULT, B. A., LL. L.

Arthur Gibeault. a Laval man, active in the practice of law since January,
1902, has been retained as counsel for the defense or prosecution in many notable
cases heard in the Montreal courts. He was bom on the 26th of February, 1880,
a son of Arthur Alphonse and Elizabeth Emma (Morrissette) Gibeault. The
father was for seven years provincial chief ranger of the Catholic Order of
Foresters. The son was a student in Montreal College for eight years, from
September, 1890, until July, 1898. In September of the latter year he entered
Laval University, where he remained until December 21, 1901, winning the
Bachelor of Arts and LL. L. degrees. He was admitted as a lawyer and bar-
rister to the bar of Quebec on the 17th of January, 1902, and has since been

526 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

actively connected with the profession, in which he has made steady advance-
ment, already having won a place of equal rank with many an older representa-
tive of the bar. He was attorney and counsel for the school commissioners of
Hochelaga for many years and as counsel tried many immigration cases. He
was especially prominent in the case of Gaetanetta Imparato, who was deported
to Italy and subsequently returned to Canada pursuant to an appeal made by
Mr. Gibeault in her favor. He represented Sarah Kositzky in her appeal before
the department of immigration of the United States and obtained a commission
of three medical men to examine her. The decision of the first board was after-
ward reversed by this commission. Mr. Gibeault's name appears in connection
with other important cases which have attracted widespread interest not only in
Canada but also in the United States.

Mr. Gibeault is a conservative and was prime minister of the mock parlia-
ment of Laval in 1899 3^"^ head of the conservative ministry, while the leader
of the opposition was J. W. Pilon, a well known lawyer of Montreal. That Mr.
Gibeault possesses marked histrionic as well as legal talent is indicated in the
fact that during the year 1904-5 the Greek drama of Antigone by Sophocles was
played in Greek, on which occasion he took the role of Ismene and the role of
Antigone was taken by D. Lalonde, now Father Lalonde, P. S. S., one of the
directors of Montreal College, while the role of Creon was played by J. F. St.
Cyr, now district magistrate of St. Johns, Iberville. The production of the play
in Greek created a tremendous sensation at the time because it was an achieve-
ment unheard of before.

On the 26th of June, 1905. Mr. Gibeault was married to Marie Jeanne
Phaneuf, daughter of L. A. Phaneuf, notary public of Rigaud, and Marie Joseph
Adam. Airs. Gibeault is a niece of the Rt. Rev. Canon F. L. T. Adam, of Mont-
real, and Father J. Adam. S. J. Mr. and Mrs. Gibeault have three children,
Yves, Marc and Madeleine. The religious faith of the family is that of the
Catholic church and Mr. Gibeault is a leading member of the Independent Order
of Foresters. Possessed of natural oratorical ability, his power in that direc-
tion, supplementing the analytical trend of his mind and added to his broad
knowledge of the law, has gained him distinction as one of the younger members
of the Montreal bar.

DIOSCORE ALFRED BENOIT, M. D.

Dioscore Alfred Benoit, M. D.. prominent in the field of medical practice,
making a specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, was born in Montreal on the
26th of July, 1880, a son of Lucien and Albina (Bourdon) Benoit, the former a
native of Contrecoeur and the latter of Lavaltrie, Quebec. The paternal grand-
father, Isaac Benoit, was born in Geneva, Switzerland, a member of an old French
family of rank established in Switzerland at the time that Louis XIV issued the
revocation of the edict of Nantes. Some years after his arrival in Canada Isaac
Benoit embraced the Catholic religion.

Dr. Benoit pursued a commercial course in a Catholic school and his classical
course in St. Mary's (Jesuit) College. Having determined upon the practice of

DR. DIOSCOKK A. BICNOIT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 529

medicine as his life work he entered l.a\al University wherein he completed the
medical course witii the class of 1906. During the succeeding year he was interne
in Notre Dame Hospital and then went abroad to continue his medical studies in
Paris, where he remained for two years, making a specialty of obstetrics and
gynecology. Upon his return he was made demonstrator of anatomy in La\al
LJniversity which position he occupied for a year. He next became adjoint pro-
fessor in obstetrics and medicine to Laval University and adjoint professor to
the Catholic Maternity Hospital. He is a member of the Medical Society of
Montreal and the profession as well as the public recognize the high position
which he has attained in the field in which he specializes. His reading and investi-
gations have been deep and broad, and his opinions are largely accepted as author-
ity upon points in question concerning the obstetrical practice. In politics Dr.
Benoit is a conservative according to the views of Macdonald and Cart-ier with
tendencies toward the nationalist. His religious faith is that of the Roman
Catholic church. His entire life has been passed in Montreal, save for the period
spent in study aliroad. He there came under the instruction of some of the most
eminent physicians and surgeons of Paris, returning well equipped for the arduous
and responsible duties of a profession in which he has made continuous advance-
ment. Dr. Benoit's office is at 945a, St. Denis street.

J. LOUIS MICHAUD.

J. Louis Michaud, district engineer of public works of Canada for the district
of Montreal, was born November 27, 1851, at Rimouski, province of Quebec.
He is descended from an old family of St. Denis, county of Kamouraska. His
father was Tobie Michaud, a contractor and builder, and his mother was Felicitee
Fournier.

J. Louis Michaud was educated at the Classical Seminary at Rimouski and
studied engineering with Charles Baillarge, an eminent engineer of Quebec, for
two years, and then for two years was connected with the engineering depart-
ment of the Intercolonial Railway. On the 19th of April, 1878, he was admitted
to practice as a licensed land surveyor at Quebec and the recognition of his
skill and ability came to him in April, 1882, when he was made Dominion land
surveyor at Ottawa. In 1883 he came to Montreal to reside, but his work for
the Dominion in surveying the Canadian northwest continued until 1889. From
that year until 1896 he was engaged in private practice in ^Montreal and an
extensive clientage was accorded him. He is recognized as one of the best
versed men in the science of his profession as well as in all the practical phases
of the business. In 1896 he was appointed district engineer of public works
for the district of Montreal and has since conscientiously and capably discharged
the duties of that position.

In 1880 Mr. Michaud was married, at Matane, Rimouski county, Quebec,
to Henriette Bradley, who died in 1910. They had eleven children, three of
whom died in childhood. Two of the number, Albert, aged seventeen years,
and Rene, aged fifteen, met death by drowning at Ste. Anne de Bellevue. The

530 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

surviving six are : Alexander, who is with the Canadian Light & Power Com-
pany; Edouard, a missionary priest in central Africa; Juliette; Adolph ; Grazi-
elle; and Gabrielle. In a review of the life work of J. Louis Michaud it is
self-evident that his advancement has come through the development of his powers
resulting from broad study and active practice in the profession. He holds to
the highest standards, and his progression has been continuous. He is a mem-
ber of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers and is a member of the Corpora-
tion of Land Surveyors in Quebec.

J. AUGUSTINE MANN.

J. Augustine Mann, one of the best known members of the Montreal bar,
was born ^lay 24, 1876, in the city where he still maintains his home, his parents
being Eric and Agnes McWhirter (Bailey) Mann. For thirty-eight years Eric
Mann was an engineer and architect of Montreal and in 1901 retired from busi-
ness and returned to his native city of Edinburgh, Scotland, to live. Mr. and
Mrs. Mann had two children : J. Augustine ; and Mrs. Ouincy Tucker, now a
resident of Boston, Massachusetts.

The former was educated in Montreal, completing a course in McGill Uni-
versity with the class of 1901, at which time the B. C. L. degree was conferred
upon him. While in McGill he was also a student in the office of Foster, Martin
& Girouard. Upon his admission to the bar in 1901 this firm became Foster,
Martin, Girouard & Mann and is now Foster, Martin, Mann, MacKinnon &
Hackett. Mr. Mann was created a king's counsel in 191 1. His practice has
been extensive, and his high reputation has been well won. Aside from his
practice, he is now in business connections as a Canadian director of the N.
K. Fairbanks Company.

Mr. Mann is a member of the Montreal Art Association, the Montreal
Amateur Athletic Association, the Montreal Club, the Montreal Jockey Club,
the Montreal Curling Club and the Beaconsfield Golf Cluli. These associations
indicate much of the nature of his interests and indicate him to be a broad-
minded, cultured gentleman and also one of social nature.

Mr. Mann was married in Montreal to Miss Evelyn Gertrude ]\Iann, and
they are parents of two children : Dorothy and Audrey. The family residence
is at No. 822 University street and their summer home, Dornal Hall, is at
Beaurepaire, Ouebec.

JOSEPH WILFRID MICHAUD.

Joseph Wilfrid Michaud, senior member of the firm of Michaud it Des
Rosiers, public accountants at 55 St. I'Vancis Xavier street in Montreal, is a
native of tjie ])rovince of Quebec, his birth having occurred at St. Barthelcmi
on the 2d of August, 1872, his parents ])cing Olivier and Stephenie (Paquin)
Michaud. He was educated in the schools of his native town and in St. \'iateur

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 531

Academy. He began his luisiness career as an accountant for the Western
Loan & Trust C"om])any, l-td., and later l)ecamc associated with Mr. A. W.
Wilks as a member oi a tirm of pubHc accountants under the style of W'ilks &
Michaud. For a number of years this firm occupied a prominent place in pro-
fessional circles in Montreal. In 191 1, following the dissolution of the partner-
ship, Mr. Michaud joined Mr. Des Hosiers in forming the firm of Michaud &
Des Rosiers. Their clientage is now extensive, and the volume of their business
is justified by the capability of the members of the firm. Mr. Michaud is a
director of the National Loan & Trust Company, Ltd., and also of the Sapho
Manufacturing Company and thus along several lines has become closely asso-
ciated with the business interests of the city.

In 1897 occurred the marriage of Mr. Michaud and Miss Rose Lafreniere,
a daughter of Joseph Lafreniere. They have four children, Yvonne,. Gerard,
Paul and Lionel. The religious faith of the family is that of the Roman Cath-
olic church, and Mr. Michaud holds membership in Club St. Denis. Identified
with the interests of Montreal throughout the entire period of his business
career, he has become well known, and enterprise and laudable ambition have
brought him to his present enviable position.

JOSEPH ULRIC EMARD, K. C.

One of the distinguished members of the legal profession in Montreal, whose
years of active practice extend through more than one third of a century, is
Joseph Ulric Emard. Well versed in the science of his profession, a deep
thinker, logical reasoner, he has long since occupied a foremost place among
the strong and forceful Montreal bar.

Mr. Emard comes from one of the old and prominent families of the prov-
ince of Quebec. His father, Medard Emard, was one of the best known and
successful educators of his day, while his mother, previous to her marriage,
was Mathilde Beaudin. His brother, Monseigneur J. M. Emard, now bishop of
Valleyfield, was for years prominent in church work in Montreal and was
attached to Archbishop Fabre's personal staiif at the Palace.

Joseph Ulric Emard was born March 27, 1855, at St. Con.stant, Laprairie
county, Quebec. Reared in a home where education was valued at its true worth,
he attended St. Hubert grammar school, then conducted by his father, and was
afterward a student in a private school conducted by Abbe \'illeneuve.

His entrance into business life was first as a clerk, but after a short time
he entered Laval University, where he pursued his law course and was grad-
uated LL. B. in 1881. He was called to the bar that same year, and at once
entered upon active practice as an advocate, which he has followed ever since,
with brilliant success. Mr. Emard has been connected with a number of impor-
tant cases, among them being the famous Lachine Bridge case, which he won
after a notable legal i)attle, making it the cause celebre of the day. He was
appointed king's counsel in 1903.

For some vears Mr. Emard was associated in practice with Hon. J. Aid

532 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Ouimet, who is, at present, counsel in the firm of Emard & Emard, composed
of Joseph U. Emard and son, Charles.

Mr. Emard's interests, aside from the law, are diversified and extensive.
Through the splendid use of his talents, as well as his sound business judg-
ment and foresight, he has been very successful, not only as to the accumulation
of worldly possessions, but also in the way of important and valuable work
done which has given a decided impetus to the city's progress and improvement.
He was the founder of the town of Boulevard St. Paul, now Emard ward, and
capably served as its mayor. After annexation he twice represented this ward
on the city council as alderman.

]\Ir. Emard has a prominent connection with business affairs ; his interests
include mining, real-estate, industrial and financial companies, in a number of
which he is a member of the directorate. His connection with corporations has
brought him an intimate knowledge concerning corporation law. To some
extent he has specialized in that field of practice, and his knowledge thereof is
comprehensive and exact.

He is a member of the St. James Club, the Canadian Club and Club St.
Denis. Oi the. last named he was president for a number of years. In 1903 he
had been the chief promoter of Club Jacques Cartier. In 1884 he had been
president of St. Jean Baptiste Society of the St. Vincent de Paul section. Mr.
Emard's political allegiance is given to the conservative party.

He was married to Miss Exilda Stuart of IMontreal, and they belong to the
Catholic church.

A man of fine personal appearance and keen intellectuality, his mind has
been well trained, enabling him to readily meet any emergency with the con-
sciousness that comes from a right perception of things and a strong regard for
what is best in the exercise of human activities.

EMILIEN GADBOIS-VAN DAN DAIGUE.

Cased upon an excellent professional education, Emilien Gadbois-Van dan
Daigue has already made his mark in the legal profession in Montreal, where
he practices as a member of the firm of La Mothe, Gadbois & Nantel. The
first member of the Van dan Daigue family came to Canada in 1671 from Brussels,
Belgium. Pierre Van dan Daigue Gadbois, of the Gadbois family, was born in
1574 and died on October 20, 1667, at Montreal. Joseph \'an dan Daigue was
born in 1653 at Meunisier and at Quebec, on .Xpril 18, 1678, married Louise Chali-
four. lie died on the nth of June, 1725, at Charlesbourg. The records of the
family continue to the fourth generation up to 1750 in Abbe Tanguay's Diction-
naire Gcnealogique.

Emilien Gadbois-Van dan Daigue was born October 30, 1884, a son of Emile
Gadbois, a well known horticulturist of Longemont, Rouville county, province of
Quebec. His mother before her marriage was Priscillia Bernard, a sister of
Monseigneur A. X. Bernard, bishop of' St. Hyacinthe. Emilien Gadbois was
educated at Montreal College, on Sherbrooke street, and Laval University. On
the 1st of July, 1907, he received the degree of B. A. with distinction and. in the

KMIMKX <iAl)l!(llS-\AX DAX DAKil IC

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 535

same year won the first prize in French literature in T.aval University. In 1910
he was made by that institution LL. M. and on July 8th, of the same year he
received his commission as a lawyer and has since practiced with ever increasing
success in Montreal, having formed a partnership with L. E. Bernard, K. C, with
whom he was associated until May, 1914, when he became a member of the firm
of La Mothe, Gadbois & Nantel with offices in the Quebec Bank building. He
has all the faculties of which a lawyer may be proud, skill in the presentation of
his evidence, marked ability in cross examination, perseverance before the jury,
and a strong grasp of every feature of the case. It is therefore but natural that
he readily received recognition and is today connected with much important liti-
gation in the local courts.

In his political views Mr. Gadbois is a conservative, stanchly upholding the
principles of his party, although he has not yet become connected with public life.
As a member of the Canadian Club he can be found in the ranks of those men
who have at heart the development and progress of the Dominion, and he is ever
loyal to his city. His faith is that of the Catholic church. On the threshold of a
successful career, he has ever moved in the right direction toward fame, and a dis-
tinguished future may be prophesied for him, a future which will bring new luster
to the old familv name which he bears.

JOSEPH H. RAIXVILLE, M. P.

Joseph II. Rainville, a member of parliament and deeply interested in (|ues-
tions concerning the government, province and Dominion, is today recognized
as one of the younger leaders of the conservative party. He chose as a pro-
fession the practice of law, and it is a notable fact that members of the bar are
more apt to become prominent figures in political circles than any other class
of men. The reason for this is obvious, as the training which qualifies them
for the onerous and difficult work of the courts also prepares them to solve the
intricate and complex problems of local or general government.

Quebec numbers Mr. Rainville among her native sons, his birth having
occurred at Ste. Angele, Rouville county, on the 8th of March, 1875. In the
attainment of his education he attended successively Monnoir College, Marie-
ville, and Laval University, where he won the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He
entered upon the active practice of his profession with L. E. Beauregard of
Montreal in 1901. No dreary novitiate awaited him. His capability won almost
immediate recognition. He is an efl^ective speaker, earnest in his appeals before
the court, zealous in support of his cause, and at all times loyal to the interests
of his clients.

Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Joseph H. Rainville
has been a stalwart conservative, and in 1908 he unsuccessfully contested V'er-
cheres county at the provincial election, being defeated by a majority of ninety-
eight. When the tide of popular favor turned against the liberal government
of the Dominion in September, 191 1, he became a member for Chambly-Ver-
chercs, so that he is now occupying a seat in the house. He frankly and fear-

536 ■ HISTORY OF MONTREAL

lessly expresses his opinion, but also possesses the tact of the successful politician
who seeks to conciliate rather than antagonize.

Mr. Rainville married Miss Gendreau, daughter of Dr. J. G. A. Gendreau
of Montreal. Mr. Rainville is a lieutenant in the Eighty-fifth Regiment and is
a member of the Montreal Gun Club. His friends speak of him as always a
courteous, polished gentleman, both forceful and resourceful when occasion
demands.

EDOUARD FABRE SURVEYER.

Edouard Fabre Surveyer, who throughout his professional career has been
a representative of the ^Montreal bar and equally well known as an educator
and author in the field of his profession, was born in this city in 1875. His
father, L. J. A. Surveyer, is a Montreal merchant and a past vice president of
the Chamber of Commerce. He married Hectorine Fabre, a daughter of the
late E. R. Fabre and a sister of the late Archbishop Fabre, the late'Hon. Hector
Fabre, C. M. G., and of the late Lady Cartier.

E. Fabre Surveyer was a student in St. Mary's (Jesuit) College, where he
made an excellent record, winning the Angers bronze medal for letters in 1890,
the Mercier gold medal for rhetoric in 1891 and the alumni gold medal for
philosophy in 1893. He took up his law course in Laval University and was
graduated LL. L. with first class honors in 1896. The same year he won his
B. C. L. degree with first class honors from AIcGill LTniversity, but not content
with the preparation that he had already made for active practice at the bar,
he went abroad and completed his law course in Paris and took part in the first
International Congress of Lawyers at Brussels in 1897. He was a delegate to
the Universal Congress of Lawyers and Jurists at St. Louis, Missouri, in 1904
and is correspondent for several Canadian, American, F"rench and Belgian law
reviews.

It was in 1897 that Mr. Surveyer entered upon active practice in Montreal
in connection with McGibbon, Casgrain, Ryan & Mitchell. He has not oiily
obtained success in practice but has also gained recognition for his ability in other
professional connections. He has been the editor of the Quebec Practice Reports
since their establishment in 1897 and since 1905 has been a lecturer in practice
and pleading in McGill University. He was made a king's counsel by the gov-
ernment of Quebec in 1909. On withdrawal from the firm of McGibbon, Cas-
grain, Mitchell & Surveyer in 1909 he entered into a partnership with H. A.
Lovett, K. C, a connection that was continued until the following year. Since
September, 1913, Mr: Surveyer has been the senior member of the firm of
Surveyer, Ogden & Mariotti. Mr. Surveyer also has an office in New York city
in connection with the firm of Daly, Hoyt & Mason, attorneys at law. He has
pu!)lished a [lamphlet. The iSench and Bar of Montreal, and there are few who
are more familiar with the history of the courts of this city than Mr. Sur-
veyer. In 1903 he was president of the Junior Bar Association of Montreal,
wliilc in 1914 he became the secretary of the newly formed Canadian Bar

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 537

Association. A fluent speaker, forceful an<l earnest, Mr. Surveyer has as ready
a command of English as he lias of French.

Aside from his professional duties and interests .Mr. Surveyer is connected
with various business enterprises which feature in the material development
and prosperity of the city. Tie is vice president of the Union Land Corporation,
Ltd., and the Lachine I^nd Company, Ltd. ; is a director of the Capital Trust
Corporation (Ottawa), of the Franco-Canadian Land & Development Company,
Ltd., and of the Rothesay Realty Company, Ltd. In all business affairs his
judgment is sound and his discrimination keen, and he falters not until his
purpose has been accomplished and success has rewarded his efforts.

In October, 1906. Mr. Surveyer was married to Miss Elodie Barnard, a
daughter of the late Edmund Barnard, K. C, of Montreal. In religious faith
Mr. Surveyer is a Catholic and in political belief a conservative. He is regarded
as one of the prominent members of the party among its younger representa-
tives, and of him the Windsor Record (liberal) said: "He has a splendid plat-
form presence, speaks English fluently, and has the appearance of an all round
camj^aigner." Mr. Surveyer's social connections are with the University Club,
Club Lafontaine and Canadian Club of Montreal ; the Albany Club, of Toronto ;
and the Colonial Club, of London, England. He has been president of the
Canadian Club, as well as vice president of the Federation of Canadian Clubs
and is a member of the executive board of the University Club and a director
and honorary solicitor of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.

Among Mr. Surveyer's otber connections, he is vice president of L' Alliance
Franqaise and a member of the board of the Federation de L'Alliance Fran-
gaise aux Etats Unis et au Canada.

He is a member of the executive committee of the Liberal-Conservative
Association, and thus in a number of the organizations with which he is allied
he has been honored with office. He regards the practice of law, however, as
his real life work, and he has at times been heard by the judicial committee of
the privy council of England. He has been throughout life a student, and since
his admission to the bar has remained a close and discriminating student of law
principles, thoroughly qualifying himself for the conduct of all legal business
intrusted to his care.

WILLIAM FORREST ANGUS.

As vice president and general manager of the Canadian Steel Foundries,
Ltd., William Forrest Angus represents one of the foremost industries of the
Dominion. He was born in Montreal, October 28, 1873, a son of Richard Blad-
worth Angus, the eminent financier and railway promoter.

William F. Angus was educated privately in preparation for his university
course and entered for that purpose McGill, from which he graduated as B. A.
Sc. in 1895, completing his university work with a post-graduate course in 1896.
He then entered the employ of the Dominion Bridge Company and subsequently
was with the Laurie Engine Company, which is now defunct. His next position
was with the Canada Switch and Spring Company, which was merged into the

538 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Montreal Steel Works. He remained with this concern, rapidly rising to more
and more important positions until he was made manager and managing director.
When this company was bought out by the Canadian Steel Foundries, Ltd.,
about two years ago he was elected vice president and managing director of this
vast enterprise.

In November, 1904, Mr. Angus was united in marriage to Miss Grace N.,
eldest daughter of Sergeant P. Stearns of Montreal. They reside at No. 364
Peel street. In his religious faith Mr. Angus is a Presbyterian. He is prom-
inent in club life, being a member of the St. James Club, the Mount Royal, the
Canada, the Forest and Stream, the Montreal Hunt, the University, the Mont-
real Curling, the Montreal Racquet and the St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs. His
name is also on the roster of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

Highly trained in his profession, careful in judgment, shrewd, energetic and
a man of rare executive force, Mr. Angus ably administers the affairs of a vast
industrial enterprise, and his career bids fair to rival that of his distinguished
father. He is deeply interested in all that pertains to progress and trade expan-
sion and can always be found among those men who are the most forceful
exponents of advanced measures inaugurated to exploit the vast resources of
the Dominion. He bends his genius to create new markets and increase trade
facilities and gives of the best of his ability so that the Dominion of Canada
may march in the van of the great industrial nations of the world. Realizing
that the natural resources lie but dormant, awaiting the magic wand of man, he
has linked himself with such men as will guide the Dominion to, the industrial
position in the world which is its due.

THOMAS GAUTHIER.

The specific and distinctive office of biography is not to give voice to a man's
modest estimate of himself and his accomplishments but rather to leave the per-
petual record establishing his character by the consensus of opinion on the part
of his fellowmen, and any history of Montreal introducing biographies of her citi-
zens whose activities and influence have been for the city's growth and betterment,
would be incomplete without reference to Thomas Gauthier.

His life has been so varied in activity, so honorable in its purposes, so far-
reaching and beneficial in its effects that it has become an integral part of the
history of the city and also left an impress upon the annals of the province. His
business interests are extensive and important, but by no means cover the scope of
his activities, as he has been identified with various movements and projects hav-
ing to do with the public welfare along material, political, social and moral lines.

Mr. Gauthier was born in .Montreal in 1844 and attended the Lachine Com-
mercial School, but is largely a self-educated as well as a self-made man. He
has ever been a reader and thinker and in the school of experience has learned
many valuable lessons. At times he has acquired with laljor and difficulty the
knowledge which he has been so anxious should l)e given others, his efforts in
behalf of education being well known. He began his active lousiness career in
Montreal in 1869, and for many years he conducted the Place Chaboillcz estab-

THOMAS GAUTHIER

HISl"ORY OF MONTREAL 541

lisliment with conspicuous success. During this tim6, having become widely and
favorably known, he was elected president of the old Society of Mutual Assistance
— the Union St. Joseph.

In 1881 the Association of Retail Grocers, of which he was one of the founders,
appointed him president and through his active exertions the Chamber of Com-
merce of Montreal was established. Along these and various other lines he has
promoted the business activity of Montreal, pushing forward the wheels of prog-
ress in such a way that the entire city has benefited thereby.

His public service in connection with municipal affairs has been equally notable
and commendable. He was one of Montreal's aldermen from 1890 to 1893, and
his labors were effective and beneficial as a member of the committees of police
and hygiene. He was largely instrumental in establishing the mutual benefit fund
among the members of the police force and also in establishing the first public bath
in Hochelaga ward. All this, however, does not cover the scope of his activities,
for in various other fields of usefulness his labors proved resultant. In the year
1883-4 he was general treasurer of the St. Jean Baptiste Society and was treasurer
of the Montreal Exposition Company, in 1891, the only year in which it showed a
surplus. He was a member of the finance committee of the National Association
for a number of years, being also one of the promoters of the building of the
Monument National, and in 1909 he was elected vice president and in 191 1 became
president, serving until April, 1913.

One of the most important of Mr. Gauthier's public services has been in behalf
of education. It was largely through the missionary work done by him and the
assistance he received from the Chamber of Commerce, the Board of Trade and
the Builders' Exchange that the government was induced to take up the estab-
lishment of technical schools in Montreal and Quebec. In this connection Mr.
Gauthier has done a noble and patriotic work, the value of which cannot be esti-
mated. He has been president of the Council of Arts and !klanufactures con-
tinuously since 1897, and more than three thousand scholars are now participating
in these classes.

He has ever believed in that special training which will enable the individual
to develop his native talents and thus qualify for the business life to which he is
best adapted. Mr. Gauthier was associated with Dr. Adami in the general presi-
dency of the Child's Welfare movement.

In the various movements and projects with which Mr. Gauthier has been asso-
ciated, whether financial, educational, philanthropic or commercial, he has shown
the same intelligent and careful interest as in his own private business affairs.

In connection with the affairs of La Caisse Nationale d'Economie, of which
he was one of the founders in 1899, he has taken a very active and prominent part.
Ever since its organization he has been chairman of the finance committee, also
chairman of the committee of administration, and has been no small factor in the
splendid success of this association.

He is an extensive holder of stock in the Montreal Light. Heat & Power Com-
pany, as well as in the Lake of the Woods Milling Company, and is president of
the Amherst Park Land Company.

Mr. Gauthier is an exceptionally well preserved gentleman for one of his years,
and among his extensive acquaintance he is spoken of in terms of admiration and
respect.

542 HISTORY OF AIONTREAL

He has continuously been* a student of the signs of the times, of existing condi-
tions and keeps abreast with the best thinking men of the age in his knowledge of
political, economical and social questions affecting the welfare and progress of the
race.

WILLIAM DOUW LIGHTHALL.

The position of William Douw Lighthall has for many years been one of
leadership. He has e.xerted wide and beneficial influence on public thought and
action and as lawyer, author and the promoter of various prominent societies his
name has become known throughout the length and breadth of the land. He has
been termed "a living e.xample of good citizenship ... a man of high
culture, refined tastes and exceptional literary ability." His efforts along all
the lines in which his activities have been put forth have been productive of
far-reaching and beneficial results. He was bom at Hamilton, Ontario, Decem-
ber 27, 1857, a son of William Francis Lighthall. who is the doyen of the -Mont-
real notarial profession, and is descended from the Schuyler, \'an Renssalaer
and \'an Cortlandt families, three of the most prominent Knickerbocker families
of New York. The mother. Mrs. Margaret Lighthall, was the eldest daughter
of Captain Henry Wright, of Chateauguay, who was a son of Major James
Wright (Mclntyre), the commander of the British settlers of the district in the
War of 1812.

.■\fter being du.x of the high school of Montreal William D. Lighthall pursued
a classical course in McGill University, from which he was graduated with the
Bachelor of Arts degree and the Shakespeare gold medal in English literature
in 1879. He then entered upon the study of law at McGill, which conferred
upon him the B. C. L. degree in 1881, and he took the honorary degree of M. A.
in 1885. With the completion of his law course he was called to the bar and
began practice as an advocate. Nature endowed him with keen mentality, and
the thoroughness with which he prepared his cases and the earnestness witn
which he presented his causes before the courts won him success and advance-
ment. He was created king's counsel in 1906. For a long period he has been
accounted one of the distinguished representatives of the Montreal bar, prac-
ticing as senior member of the law firm of Lighthall & Harwood.

What he has accomplished as a member of the legal profession would alone
entitle W. D. Lighthall to mention among the representative men of Montreal,
yet he has gained equal prominence as an author, as a promoter of various
societies, as an anti(|uarian greatly interested in historical and antiquarian research,
and as a public-s])irited citizen who takes cognizance of the needs of the hour
and employs j)ractical methods in working for high ideals for the benefit of
city, province and Dominion. He was the founder of the .Society of Canarlian
Literature, the Canadian National League, tlie Westmount Liberal i.'lul>, the
Montreal Tourist Association, and originated and, in connection with De Lery
Macdonald, established the Chateau de Ramezay Historical Museum. He was
also the founder of the Union of Canadian Municipalities. He was one of those
largely instrumental in securing the erection of the Maisonneuve ninnument at

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 543

Montreal and was the discoverer of the Indian burying ground at W'estmount.
He is interested in all that pertains to the history of the country from prehistoric
times down to the present, and his researches and investigations have been
carried far and wide, bringing to light many interesting points bearing upon
the travel history of the North American Indians as well as upon the i^eriod
of the early colonists and the development of Canada. He is a member of the
Scotch Society of Literature and Art ; a vice president of the National Munic-
ipal League of America; a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a fellow
of the Royal Society of Literature ; an honorary member of the Women's His-
torical Society of Canada and of the Chateauguay Literary and Historical
Society; life corresponding member of the Quebec Literary and Historical
Society; president of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society; a governor of
the Congregational College of Canada and of the Joint Board of Theological
Colleges of McGill University; and has been a representative fellow of the Uni-
versity. In 1910 he was appointed a member of the Metropolitan J'ariss Com-
mission.

In all these years, retiring to the (|uict of his study, lie has devoted hours to
writing, and his authorship has gained him equal renown with his efforts in
other directions. His first published volume, Thoughts, Moods and Ideals
(verse), came from the press in 1887 and was followed in 1888 by The Young
Seigneur. Then came The Battle of Chateauguay, in 1889; Montreal After 250
Years, in 1892; The False Chevalier, in 1898; a Prehistoric Hochelaga Burying-
ground, in 1898; A Link in Iroquois History, in 1899; The Glorious Enterprise,
in 1901 ; Hiawatha the Great, in 1901 ; and Westmount : a Municipal Illustra-
tion, in 1902. This last book followed his three years of service as mayor of
Westmount, so that he was qualified to discuss the subjects of which the volume
treated. The same year he brought forth a volume entitled To the Boers : A
Friend's Appeal from Canada. In 1904 he published Canada, a Modern Nation,
and Thomas Pownall : His Part in the Concjuest of Canada. In 1908 he added
to the list of his publications A Romance of Prehistoric Montreal and The
Master of Life; and in 1910, The Governance of Empire and Sights and
Shrines of Montreal. He also published Songs of the Great Dominion (Wind-
sor series) in 1889, and Canadian Poems and Lays (Canterbury Poets series)
in 1891.

There are few men in possession in so eminent a degree of the habits, tastes
and ability of the scholar and at the same time in so large a measure the prac-
tical qualities which find expression in successful professional service and in
public-spirited citizenship. Mr. Lighthall has studied as closely the signs of
the times and the questions of the hour as he has the history of the past. His
deep interest in the cause of education was manifest in his service as chairman
of the board of school commissioners of Westmount. to which office he was
appointed in 1909. He is an imperialist in principle and at tlie same time a
strong believer in the necessity and advantage of organizing the intellectual and
higher interests of Canadian nationality and retaining state ownership and con-
trol of forests, railways, land tenure, coal mines and other public resources.

In October, 1890, Mr. Lighthall was married to Miss Cybel Charlotte Wilkes,
a daughter of John Wilkes and a granddaughter of the late Rev. Dr. Henry
Wilkes. Mrs. Lighthall is vice president of the local branch of the Zenana Bible

544 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and Medical Mission, and is also a vice president of the Canadian Handicrafts
Guild. Something of the nature of his recr.eation is indicated in the fact that
Mr. Lighthall belongs to Lac Tremblant Fishing Club, of which he was elected
president in 1909, and in the same year he was admitted an Iroquois Indian
chief with the name of Ticonderoga in recognition of services to that race. He
furthermore belongs to the University, Canada, Reform, Montreal, Country and
Canadian Clubs of Montreal and the Royal Societies Club of London, England.
His winter residence, Chateauclair, is at No. 14 Murray avenue, Westmount,
while his summer home. Camp Beartracks, is at Lac Tremblant. In the review
of his history it seems that his constantly expanding powers are opening to him
a still broader field of usefulness and establishing him more firmly in the posi-
tion of prominence which he today occupies.

JOSEPH DROUIN.

Joseph Drouin, a member of the Montreal bar, was born at Two Mountains,
in the province of Quebec, on the 15th of November, 1875, a son of Firmin and
Mathilde (Laf ranee) Drouin, sturdy French Canadian farmers. He is of the
eighth generation in descent from Robert Drouin, of Pin au Perche, France, who
became the founder of the family in the new world, establishing himself at Quebec
in 1635. The principal branch of the family remains in Quebec and Orleans, but
in 1 75 1 one branch detached itself from the main Quebec stem and was trans-
planted to Montreal, where representatives of the name have since been found in
the city and surrounding districts.

Joseph Drouin pursued a classical course in the seminary of Ste. Therese and
won his B. C. L. degree upon graduation from McGill University in April, 1904.
He engaged in the practice of law, winning a liberal clientage that connected him
with the important work of the courts. Of late Mr. Drouin has devoted his atten-
tion to the management of his own private interests.

j\Ir. Drouin is a Roman Catholic in religious faith. He was married in Mon-
treal on the 22d of November, 1904, to Marie Orpha Leduc, a daughter of
Augustin and Philomene (Lefebvre) Leduc, who were farming people at St.
Benoit, Deux Montagnes, province of Quebec. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Drouin have
been born five children : Cecile. Therese, Rene, Marguerite and Gabriel.

HON. HONORE MERCIER.

Among contemporary Canadian statesmen a foremost place must be assigned
to the late Hon. Ilonore Mercicr, premier of the ])rovince of Quebec. He was
not only distinguished by reason of his position at the head of the government
of one of the foremost provinces of the Canadian federation but attained dis-
tinction along various other lines having to do with the progress and upbuilding
of the country and the upholding of its political, legal and moral status. A native
of the ])rovince of Quebec, he was born at Iberville, October 15, 1840. He came of

•KISEPH DROriN'

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 547

a family of unpretentious farmers, or habitants, as they are styled in Lower
Canada, the ancestors originally from Old France, although several generations
have been represented in the county of Montmagny below the city of Quebec.
His father had to provide for the needs of a large household, but he was a man
of energy and foresight and counted no personal sacrifice too great if he could
thereby eciuip his children for the later responsibilities and duties that fall to the
lot of every individual. The maiden name of the mother was Marie Catherine
Laflamme.

When fourteen years of age Honore Mercier became a student in the Jesuit
College in Montreal, where he completed his education, making an excellent
record. Some time afterward he determined upon the practice of law as his life
work and became a student in the office of Laffamboise & Papineau, who directed
his reading until he was admitted to practice in 1865. While a law- student he
turned his attention to journalism and in 1S62 became editor in chief of the
Courier de St. Hyacinthe, winning distinction because of his able political edi-
torials, his support being given to the Macdonald-Sicotte liberal administration.

Following his admission to the bar Mr. Mercier retired from the profession
of journalism to concentrate his energies upon his law practice. His thorough
training, his natural powers and his ambition soon brought him a prominent
position at the bar and from that time forward his advancement was continuous
as a factor in those affairs and events which have shaped the history of province
and Dominion.

In 1871 he appeared in the political arena at Bagot as a supporter of M.
Langelier, the liberal candidate. The following year, upon the earnest solicita-
tion of his friends, he became a candidate for Rouville in the house of commons
and was elected. F"ollowing the downfall of the conservative government in
1873, he yielded his seat to Mr. Cheval in 1874, to avoid dividing the vote of
the liberal party in the case of the redoubtable conservative candidate, Mr.
Gigault. Following his retirement to private life he entered upon a partnership
w^ith Mr. Bourgeois of St. Hyacinthe. He was made the candidate of the liberal
party in 1878, standing for St. Hyacinthe, but lost the election by six votes. The
following year a majority of three hundred and seven votes elected him to the
legislative assembly to represent St. Hyacinthe and he became solicitor-general
of the Joly administration, filling out the unexpired term of Hon. P. Bachand.
deceased. Mr. Mercier continued in the office until the administration went out
in the same year.

In 1881, following his removal from St. Hyacinthe to Montreal, Mr. Mercier
became a law partner of Messrs. Beausoleil & Martineau and was again called into
the field of political activity when in December, 1881, at the general provincial
election he was chosen by acclamation for his old constituency, St. Hya-
cinthe. In the beginning of the session of 1883 Hon. Mr. Joly resigned the direc-
tion of the provincial liberal- party and Mr. Mercier was unanimously chosen his
successor, on motion of Mr. Joly, as the leader of the opposition. Here his dom-
inant qualities found fitting scope, his ability and qualities of leadership placing
him within a brief period among the foremost French-Canadian statesmen.
Within the short space of three years he demonstrated what could be accom-
plished by an able and intrepid leader with the support of a small but disciplined
and trusty band of parliamentary followers to retrieve the fallen fortunes of

548 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

his party and to defend and lead to victory a popular cause the moment circum-
stances placed it in his hands.

As the accepted leader of the new national party formed by a combination
of liberals and conservative bolters, Mr. Mercier not only directed the whole
movement but personally traversed the province of Quebec almost from end to
end, addressing as many as one hundred and sixty meetings and leaving the
impress of his influence as a factor in the promotion of his cause. The election
of October, 1886, resulted in a victory for the nationals. After the struggle, which
ensued in the final overthrow of the Ross administration, Mr. Mercier was called
upon by the lieutenant governor to form a new cabinet and in less than twenty-
four hours, as a result of his cjuick decisions and promptness in action, he had
made choice of his colleagues, announcing the result to the legislature and the
country, both receiving it with marked satisfaction.

The close of the first session found him more popular and more firmly estab-
lished in the good graces of the people than ever, a position that was augmented
later by the marvelous success of his administration as evidenced in the settle-
ment of the long pending dispute with Ontario respecting the division of the
common school fund and the unusually advantageous negotiation of the new
provincial loan of three and a half millions. His adversaries attributed these
and other valuable results to good luck, but a real student of politics knows that
good management and thorough understanding of the situation lay back of them.
Mr. Mercier remained in power until December, 1891, when he was dismissed
by Lieutenant Governor Angers as a result of an investigation held by a royal
commission on what then became known as the Baie des Chaleurs Scandal.

On March 8, 1892, at the general elections, though Mr. Mercier was returned
for Bonaventure, which he had represented since the general elections of 1890,
his party was annihilated and he ceased to be a factor in provincial politics.

Following his retirement to private life he joined his son-in-law, Sir Lomer
Gouin, and Mr. R. Lemieux in a law partnership, but he rarely appeared in court.
However, he won the highest professional honors. He was actually the attorney-
general as well as the premier of Quebec. He was twice batonnier of the bar of
the Montreal district, and the respect entertained for him by his legal colleagues
was so great that they unanimously elevated him to the still more distinguished
eminence of batonnier-general of the bar of the province. Of him it~has been
written : "Heralded to the world as the apostle of an advanced radicalism which
in reality had no representative in this country, he not only preached but prac-
ticed a different gospel and in office proved himself unusually moderate and
conciliatory as well as a man of broad and generous views, free from sectionalism
and exceedingly anxious to do justice to all races, classes and creeds, yet fully
determined to work out the regeneration of his nati\e province on the great lines
of reform which he ever regarded as essential to that (L-sirable end."

Mr. Mercier held to the religious faith of the Fr-ench-Canadians — that of the
Roman Catholic church and his loyal adherence thereto increased with the passing
years. There was a time, however, when, on account of his [political liberalism
and alliances, his orthodoxy was more than once seriously questioned by his ]Milil-
ical foes to his personal and party (letrinient. This, however, passed by and the
Papal authority conceded that a man may be a liberal in politics and yet a good
Catholic, while the clergy of Lower Canada came to know that he was not only

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 549

a devoted churchman in theory and practice, but also that the interests of Cathol-
icism were as safe in his hands as in those of its self-constituted champions who
proclaimed their zeal for the faith from the housetops. There was in him nothing
of narrow-minded bigotry and perhaps no prominent statesman or political leader
of his day has shown himself so free from religious or sectional bias in the con-
duct of affairs relating to the entire community. .\ French-Canadian in heart and
soul and a thorough son of the soil, still, "strict and im])artial justice to all classes,
races and creeds and undue favor to none," seems to have been the motto upon
which Honore Mercier always acted. In 1893 he undertook a campaign in favor
of the independence of Canada and advocated this both here and in the United
States, but with no tangible results. Though received enthusiastically in the
eastern states, he met with a rebuff in Chicago, and abandoned the campaign to
resume his practice in Montreal.

Two notable features in his life history were the torchlight procession in his
honor in Montreal following his return from Europe, and the reception he ten-
dered the e.x-Papal zouaves at his country seat at Ste. Anne de la Perade, when
he distributed the medals awarded them by the pope. On that occasion Mr.
Mercier appeared in the gorgeous uniform of commander of the Order of St.
Gregory the Great — the first time it had been seen in Canada. The wide recog-
nition given his ability is attested by a partial list of the honors conferred upon
him. Not only did he receive the grand cross of the Order of St. Gregory the
Great from the pope but His Holiness also raised him to the rank of count. He
was in addition to these honors officer of the Legion of Honor; conuuaiider of
the Order of Leopold I, King of the Belgians; and chevalier of the Order of St.
Sepulcher. He was made queen's counsel and received the degree of Doctor of
Laws from Laval University, the L'niversity of Fordham, New York, and the
University of Georgetown.

A man of his ability and eminence could not fail to have enemies, but he
had also hosts of friends. He possessed that (|uality which, for want of a l)etter
term, has been called magnetism. He was most generous and ever had a helping
hand out-reaching to those who needed assistance. His residence both in Mon-
treal and in Quebec was always filled with his admirers. It has been said repeat-
edly that his so-called friends were largely responsible for any errors that he
may have committed. He was particularly helpful to young men, many of whom
have reason to remember him with gratitude. It was his delight to assist a strug-
gling youth in his law studies or in other ways.

Mr. Mercier was twice married. On the 29th of May, 1S66, he wedded
Leopoldine Boi\'in of St. Hyacinthe, who died leaving a daughter who subse-
quently married Sir Lomer Gouin and who is now deceased. On the 9th of
May, 1871, Honore Mercier married \'irginie St. Denis, also of St. Hyacinthe,
and they had two sons and one daughter to reach adult age. Honore, Paui-Emile
and Heva. The elder son is a member of the Gouin cabinet and a sketch of his
life appears elsewhere in this work. The younger son is a civil and consulting
€npineer and is mentioned elsewhere in this historv. Heva married Dr. Homere

O ft '

Fauteux and resides in r>eauceville.

The death of Hon. Honore Mercier occurred October 30, 1894. on which
occasion the Montreal Daily Star said editorially : "The career of the late Hon.
Honore Mercier is one that will long live on the lips of those who delight in

550 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

political reminiscences of this historic province. He played a conspicuous role
in the political drama; and, while he was on the stage, pretty well absorbed the
attention of the multitude. That he was a man of rare ability in many ways,
his swift attainment of the highest positions in Quebec amply attests.

"It is too late in the day for those who contributed to his overthrow in '92
to make mawkish pretension of blindness to his faults, but it may truly be said
that he gained striking success in spite of his faults, and, further, that it was
his own hand that turned the current of destiny against him. Like all strong
characters, he made many warm personal friends, and there will be more sincere
mourning at his bier than falls to the lot of most mortals."

Senator L. O. David, an intimate and lifelong friend of Mr. Mercier, in mak-
ing a parallel between the three most popular men of our time, Laurier, Chap-
leau and Mercier, has written of the latter: "Mercier is the heaviest of the three,
the strongest built and the most muscular; he is tall, with black eyes and hair
and a heavy mustache — a veritable type of musketeer — the personification of
strength and energy. He walks heavily with the assurance of a man who believes
that the earth belongs to him. Mercier is the most solid, the most vigorous and
the most penetrating. Penetrating is, indeed, the word which best describes his
eloquence. See his movements ; they resemble those of the axeman who strikes
the tree at the root and at each blow removes a chip. Mercier is a parliamentary
orator, a lawyer, a tribune. He is the strongest, cleverest, and most indefatigable
speaker whom I have heard in the house or on the hustings. While I write these
words I learn that he is dead. Is it possible that so much of life and intellect
are gone forever? What a loss! How little we mortals are! Alas; had he
struggled to preserve his health as he fought to regain it, he would not have
died so young. Yes, so young, because he was built to live thirty or forty years
more. Death has seldom met a more valiant fighter; it has vanquished him,
but he died almost standing, as he often said he would.

"Before the grave, which opens to receive his mortal remains, criticism will
disarm, no doubt, to render homage to the splendor and power of his intelligence,
his political genius, to the energy of his character and the sincerity of his patriot-
ism. Through all the vicissitudes of a stormy life, in spite of his faults and
weaknesses, he preserved until the last moment all the fervor of the religious
and patriotic sentiments of his youth. Of all the political men I have known,
he is the one who, in all things and under all circumstances, was most given to
consider questions from a national standpoint. He was frankly, sincerely, pro-
foundly patriotic and without fanaticism. Few men have had more devoted
friends, enthusiastic admirers, and secured more brilliant triumphs and under-
gone such crushing defeats. He was stronger in defeat than in victory. Much
will be forgiven him because he suffered much."

HON. HENRI C. BERRYER-SAINT-PIERRE.

The subject of this short l)i()grapliical sketch was born at Ste. Madclei.ie dc
Rigaud, during a short stay of his parents in that parish, on the 13th day of Sep-
tember 1842, but was brought up at Isle Bizard, on the Lake of Two Mountains,
near Montreal. His father, a farmer, was Joseph Berryer-Saint-Pierre of Isle

H. C. BERRYER-SAINT-PIERRE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 553

Bizard, and his mother, Demitilde Denis dit Saint-Denis, who had been born at
Pointe Claire. Young Henri received his classical and literary education at the old
Montreal College, on College street near McGill street. On leaving college he was
sent up to Kingston, Ontario, where he began his law course, the object in send-
ing him up there being to give him an opportunity of improving his knowledge
of the English language. Having passed the required examinations for his admis-
sion to the study of the law, he availed himself of the permission which had been
granted him to go and visit Niagara falls and the city of Buffalo. The great battle
of Gettysburg had just been fought and won by the northern army, and on his
arrival at Buffalo, he found the jieoplc delirious with the news of the recent vic-
tory. Our young student, who had inherited from his ancestors a marked taste
for the military career (a career by the way for which there were but few openings
for a young French Canadian in those days, in Canada), was altogether carried
away by the enthusiastic demonstrations which he then witnessed and made up
his mind to give up the doleful study of Blackstone to enter the American army.
A short time later, the runaway student was a member of Company F in the
Seventy-si.xth New York Volunteers. At the battle of Mine Run which was
fought on the 27th .November, 1863, he was wounded and reported as dead at
the regiment. The same report having been reproduced in the Montreal papers,
the usual service for the dead was celebrated for him at the Montreal College and
at Isle Bizard where his widowed mother was living. He was picked up from the
field however by the southern cavalry and sent to the military prison of Belle
Island in the city of Richmond from which h^ was' later on transferred to Ander-
sonville in Georgia. After the capture of Atlanta, he was removed with the other
prisoners first to Savannah, and then to Florence and finally to Charleston's race
ground in South Carolina, where he regained his liberty in the spring of 1865 on
the city being evacuated by the southern troops. On his return to Montreal after
the war, he resumed his legal studies first in the office of Sir George Etienfle
Cartier, for whom he, for a time, acted as private secretary, and later on in that
of the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott who some years afterward became premier of Canada.

He was admitted to the bar in June, 1870. His career at the Montreal bar was
a most successful and brilliant one, and he soon became one of the leading lawyers
in the province of Quebec, being particularly noted for his success as a criminal
lawyer. His record as such was never surpassed at least in his province and but
seldom equalled anywhere. It is said that he pleaded not less than thirty-three
cases of murder, securing complete acquittals in most of them. Not one of those
he defended was ever found guilty of murder in the first degree and sentenced to
be hanged, except Shortis who had killed two men at \'alleyfield and wounded
dangerously a third one. In this last case, the plea of impulsive insanity was
urged for the first time in the province of Quebec as a grqund of defense and
proved successful in the end in spite of the verdict of the jury. Shortis is to day
detained in the penitentiary of Kingston as "a dangerous lunatic." Judge Saint-
Pierre frequently associated in the defence of persons accused of serious crimes
with Donald MacMaster, K. C, now a member of the English parliament, who
was his intimate friend.

In 1889, he was created a queen's counsel by the Earl of Aberdeen. Judge
Saint-Pierre never showed any great inclination for politics but confined his labor
and efforts more particularly to secure the highest position in his profession as a

554 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

lawj-er. Being a liberal, he consented however to be the nominee of the liberal
party in the county of Jacques-Cartier, for the local seat in 1S78 against the old
member, but was defeated by a small majority.

He was married in 1874 to Marie Albina Lesieur. daughter of Adolphe Lesieur,
a merchant of Terrebonne. She died on the 19th December, 190S, leaving five
children, three boys and two girls who are all married and settled. In 1902 on
the occasion of his being raised to the l^ench, he was made an officer of the
order of the Crown of Italy upon a petition presented to the King of Italy by
the Italian colony at Montreal supported by the Italian consul.

Judge Saint-Pierre has been the organizer of the Canadian \'eterans as a body
and has been their honorary president ever since their organization some fourteen
years ago.

His eminent ability as a legist led eventually to his appointment to the bench.
He was first named for the district of Beauharnois on the retirement of Hon.
]\Ir. Justice Belanger in June, 1902, and was transferred to Montreal in March,
1909, so that he is now presiding over the district of Montreal. His decisions are
strictly fair and impartial and render him the peer of the ablest men who have
presided over ^lontreal's courts.

The Judge is a Roman Catholic of the Ijroad liberal school. He is known to
be a great admirer of British institutions though much attached to the French civil
law which he holds to be superior to the common law of England.

The press has united in passing high encomiums upon him. The Montreal
Herald styled him "a man of great vigor." The Montreal Star spoke of him as
broad-minded and public-spirited. The Toronto Star said "Judge Berryer-Saint-
Pierre is gifted with fine powers of eloquence and is broad-minded and tolerant."
Perhaps his lofty patriotism is best indicated in his own utterance : "Be English, be
Scotch, be French, be Irish, if you will," he often said in his public utterance, "but
above and before all, let us all be Canadians." Judge Saint-Pierre's residence is at
2330 Park avenue. Montreal.

DOXAIX) FORBES ANGUS.

Successfully operating in mercantile circles, Donald Forbes Angus has also
extended his efforts along those lines whereby are promoted aesthetic culture
and humanitarian interests, thus rendering his life a serviceable factor in the
world's work. \ son of Richard Bladworth .\ngtis. he was educated in England
and Germany and in February, 1894, was united in marriage to Miss Mary
Ethel Henshaw, the daughter of the late F. W. Henshaw.

In his business connections Mr. Angus has so directed his efforts that sub-
stantial results have accrued, and he is today a prominent figure in commercial
circles as director of the Intercolonial Coal Company and of the Paton Manu-
facturing Company, both of which are important forces in the business progress
of the city. He is also director of the Bank of Montreal; director of the Stand-
ard Life Assurance Company : and vice president of the Guardian Accident &
Guarantee Company. In these connections Mr. Angus bends his efforts to execu-
tive administration and control, and his ability to correctly judge between the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 555

essential and the non-csscntial, utilizing- the one and discarding the cjther, and
his ]50\ver to coordinate seemingly diverse elements into a harmonious whole
have heen strong features in his growing success.

Mr. Angus is a po])ular member of several of the leading clubs of Montreal,
including St. James, Ahnmt Koyal and the Montreal Jockey Clubs — associations
wliicii indicate much of the nature of iiis interests and the source of his recrea-
tion. He is also a life mem!)er of the .\rt .Association and is a friend and jiatron
of art. He is likewise a governor and a memlier of the executive committee of
the Fraser Institute of Montreal.

HENRY HOLGATE.

Not only is Henry Holgate one of the foremost civil engineers of Montreal,
but he is also an author of no mean talents on professional and other subjects.
He is now engaged in private practice after a long and strenuous career with
various large organizations and of late has designed and built several large
hydraulic power plants for transmission of electric power. He is a member of
several arbitration committees, a past vice president of the Canadian Society of
Civil Engineers, a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and a
councillor of the American Institute of Consulting Engineers.

Mr. Holgate is of English ancestry and was born at Milton, Ontario, Sep-
tember 14, 1863, the seventh son of John and Jane (Browne) Holgate. the
former of whom was in charge of the division court at Milton. Judge Holgate
passed away in i8g6 and his wife in 1902.

Henry Holgate was educated in the Toronto public schools and after having
completed his studies served an apprenticeship with the Northern Railway of
Canada, which lasted for five years. He continued with them for three years
and became their chief engineer in 1884, so continuing until 1893. when he took
charge of the Central Bridge Company's works at Peterboro, Ontario. During
this time, in 1887, he became a member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engi-
neers, contributing a paper to its transactions for which he was awarded the
Gzowski medal. He remained with the Central Bridge Company for about a
year and then joined the Royal Electrical Company in Montreal as engineer in
charge of the steel plants and general construction. The years 1896, 1897 and
1898 were spent that way, and he then became engineer of the Montreal Park
& Island Company, constructing and managing all their lines. He then went
as manager and engineer to Kingston, Jamaica, and constructed all of the works
of the Western Electric Company there, returning to Canada in 1900. He
established himself in a private engineering practice in that year and in 1902
formed a partnership with Mr. Ross, under the firm name of Ross & Holgate,
consulting engineers. This partnership was dissolved in 191 1.

Mr. Holgate has on various occasions been retained by the federal and
provincial governments for special engineering inquiries and reports. He was
so retained in regard to the reorganization of the Trent Valley Canal works and
was appointed chairman of the royal commission to report on the collapse of
the Quebec bridge in September, 1907. He is widely recognized as one of the

556 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

able men along his line and has had charge in late years of the building of
several large hydraulic power plants.

Occasionally Mr. Holgate contributes interesting articles to technical works.
He is the author of an exhaustive paper on Northeast Canada, which was pub-
lished in 190S, and he has lectured e.xtensively, one of his subjects being "Some
Facts Regarding the Upper St. Lawrence."

Mr. Holgate is independent in his political views and non-sectarian in his
religious belief. He is a patriotic Canadian and has always at heart the inter-
ests of the Dominion. He believes in a Canada for Canadians and for any
others who will become good citizens, recognizing the value of desirable
immigration.

On September 19, 1888, Mr. Holgate was married to IMiss Bessie Bell
Headley, a daughter of Edward Headley, of Milford, Delaware. They have two
sons, Henry Watson and Edwin Headley. The family residence is at No. 44
Rosemount avenue, Westmount. He is a member of the Engineers Qub of
Montreal.

LEGLEUS ANTOINE GAGNIER, M. D.

Dr. Legleus Antoine Gagnier is widely and favorably known to the public as a
general medical practitioner and more specifically in connection with, the special
work which he does in treating nervous diseases by electrical methods. He is a
man who has never ceased to be a student and still frequently makes trips to
Europe in order to attend the clinics conducted by the most eminent specialists in
the profession. There is no new phase brought out in the world of medicine with
which he is not thoroughly acquainted and which he does not thoroughly under-
stand, and his complete knowledge has naturally resulted in a large and lucrative
practice. Freeing himself from many of the old medical prejudices he applies
modern thought in his treatments and more closely follows his own logical con-
clusions than book prescriptions. He believes that in numerous cases massage
treatments, X-Rays, light baths and general hydrotherapy will achieve more
beneficial and lasting results than the older treatment of giving medicaments
mtprnally. His well equipped offices, modernly appointed and filled with all the
appliances necessary to follow out his methods, are located at No. 256 St. Denis
street, Montreal, and there ever can be found a long line of patients, rich and
poor, old and young, waiting to be admitted for treatment.

Although the family of Gagnier is not among the very earliest Canadian set-
tlers, it is an old one. There were variations in the name of Gagnier and extensive
records show the name as Gagne and Gagnesse in Abbe Tanguay's Dictionnaire
Genealogique.

Legleus Antoine Gagnier was l)orn at Ste. Marline, in the county of Chateau-
guay, on October 4, 1871, a son of Francois and Sojihie (Perras) Gagnier, both
deceased. The doctor received his classical education at Ste. Therese and St.
Hyacinthe Seminaries and graduated in medicine from Laval University in 1895.
He pursued si)ecial studies in Paris and has ever since continued to attend clinics
in that anci otiier European cities. Capable, earnest and conscientious, he has not

DR. LEGLEUS A. C4AGNIER

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 559

only a reputation for ability init enjoys the utmost confidence of his patients, to
whom he is more than a doctor, as they see in him their best and truest friend.
He is i)hysician for a number of French and luiglish mutual associations and presi-
dent of the Medical Board of Union St. Pierre of Montreal.

On September 28, 1897, Dr. Gagnier was united in marriage to Miss Delia
Collerette, a daughter of O. Collerette, and they have the following children,
Yvonne, Legleus Adolphe, Gaston, Gabrielle, Marie Regine, Germaine and Paul
Emile.

The religious faith of Dr. Gagnier is that of the Roman Catholic church. For
many years he was a conservative in politics but of late has allied himself with the
nationalist movement, a party which in scope of progressiveness stands foremost of
the three political organizations of the Dominion and has for its intention the
improvement of general conditions not only political and governmental init also
sociological. In the material growth of Montreal Dr. Gagnier is interested as a
director of the Greater Montreal T,and Investment Company, Limited. He has an
interesting military record to his credit and has been in conmiand of the Sixty-
fourth Regiment of Chateauguay and Beauharnois for three or four years and
since January 23, 1901, he has been on the officers reserve as lieutenant colonel.
His deep love for mankind fmds expression in his i)ublic-s]jirited actions, and he
is never called upon in vain to give his support to any enterjjrise which will benefit
the people of his city or country. Careful of his own interests, he is more minutely
careful of those of others and influenced at all times by the thought of the broader
efifect which his work has upon his community, exemplifying in his conduct the
lofty ideals of his nation and of a noble calling. He honors his profession by pay-
ing it honor and by his adherence to the solid virtues and enlightened principles
underlying it.

GEORGE STEPHEN CANTLIE.

A native of Montreal, George Stephen Cantlie was born May 2, 1867, a son
of James Alexander and Eleanor Simpson (Stephen) Cantlie. The father is
a prominent merchant of Montreal and a son of the late Francis Cantlie, a
native of Mortlach, Baniifshire, Scotland, who married Mary Stuart. James
Alexander Cantlie was born June 5, 1836, and married in May, 1866, the sec-
ond daughter of the late William Stephen, of Montreal. J. A. Cantlie came to
Canada in 1863. He was for years head of the well known wholesale dry-goods
house of T- A. Cantlie & Company, which was founded in 1868. He is con-
nected with a number of important commercial enterprises and is one of the
foremost men in business circles in Montreal.

George S. Cantlie received private tuition and attended the Montreal high
school and McGill University in the acquirement of an education. In 1885 he
entered the service of the Canadian Pacific Railway as clerk in the audit depart-
ment. He became consecutively clerk in the comptroller's office, chief clerk to
the assistant general manager, to the assistant president and to the vice president.
He was then made general baggage agent, general stationary agent and superin-

560 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

tendent of car service. Since November, 1908, Mr. Cantlie has been at the
head of the car service as general superintendent.

Colonel Cantlie has for a number of years been connected with the volunteer
service. He has been lieutenant colonel in command of the Fifth Regiment,
Royal Highlanders of Canada, since May 11, 1905. He commanded this regi-
ment at the Quebec Tercentenary celebration in 1908 and at the Lake Champlain
celebration at Plattsburg, New York, in 1909, when he received high com-
mendation from President Taft on the splendid appearance of his men. In 1908
he was awarded the long service decoration.

In November, 1896, Mr. Cantlie was married to ]\Iiss Beatrice Campbell, a
daughter of the late W. D. Campbell, queen's notary, of Quebec. Mr. and Mrs.
Cantlie make their home at No. 502 Sherbrooke street West, Montreal. He is
a member of the Mount Royal, St. James, Montreal Hunt, Forest and Stream,
Back River Polo, Auto and Montreal Jockey Clubs. He also is enrolled in the
York Club of Toronto and is a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic
.Association.

CHARLES LYMAN.

One of the best known men in his line of business in Canada was the late
Charles Lyman, wholesale druggist, who died November 17, 1909, after a
successful business career of nearly two score years, all of which was spent in
his native city. He was born in Montreal, April 3, 1849, a son of Benjamin
Lyman and Delia A. Wells. These parents, both natives of the state of \'er-
mont, whose ancestry in the United States dated back almost to the landing of
the Mayflower, might account for the strong interest in the affairs of that
country which was one of the pronounced characteristics erf Mr. Lyman. He
was educated in the Montreal high school, the Hopkins grammar school of
New Haven, Connecticut, and Yale University, from which he graduated in
the class of 1871.

In his senior year at college he was elected a member of the Scroll and Key
Society, then as now one of the most coveted distinctions outside of the purely
academic sphere. He always retained a very absorbing interest in the affairs
of Yale, returning almost annually to his class reunions.

After leaving college he entered his father's business, Lyman, Clare & Com-
pany, in which he shortly became a partner. This business in 1879 was styled
Lyman, Sons & Company, under which name it was known until 1908, becoming
incorjjorated then as Lymans, Limited.

In 1887 Mr. Lyman together with James \V. Kno.x and !•'. (ioUl Lyman
established the business of Lyman, Kno.x & Company, which continued
under this style until in 1906 it became part of the National Drug & Chemical
Company, Limited, of which corporation Charles Lyman was secretary from
its inception until he retired from business in 1908. Mr. Lyman was of a
studious disposition, and his chief interest was perhaps centered in his family
life. He was known for his broad culture and was a close follower of the pub-
lic affairs of both the United States and Canada. Together with the late Gold-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 561

win Smith lie was a firm Ix'licvur in the eventual luiity of political interest of
these countries.

Air. Lyman was married October i, 1874, at Stelton, New Jersey, to Kate
Dean, dauf^liter of the late Henry Dean of New York, who survives him,
together with their three children : C. Philip Lyman and Frank D. Lyman, both of
Montreal; and Ruth Delia, the wife of William G. MacNaughton of Port
Edwards, Wisconsin.

Mr. Lyman was a member of The University Club, of which he was one
of the founders and The Montreal Amateur Athletic Association. He was a
member of the .Vmerican Presbyterian church, the corner stone of the present
edifice having been laid l)y his father, Benjamin Lyman. The higher, better
elements of life always made strong appeal to him, and the princii^les which
governed his conduct make his example as a man and citizen one well worthy
of emulation.

FREDERIC ORR-LEWIS.

Frederic Orr-Lewis was born at Hamilton, (Ontario, Canada. He is the
second son of the late William Thomas Lewis and Mary (Graham) Lewis, and
a grandson of the late William Lewis, sherifT of Glamorganshire, Wales. The
father was a shipowner in Canadian Inland Lakes. William Thomas Lewis
came to Canada from .Swansea, Wales, in 1852, locating at Hamilton. He
became a prominent figure on the inland lakes between Chicago and Kingston
and was a large shipowner. He retired from active business in 1890 and moved
to Montreal, where he departed this life in 1908. For more than two decades
he had survived his wife, who passed away in i88().

Frederic Orr-Lewis was educated in Kingston, Ontario, and on leaving
school went with J. Muckleston & Company, wholesale hardware merchants of
the same city. He resigned from that position to establish his own business in
Kingston in 1888 and removed the establishment to Montreal in 1889, associated
with his brothers James Graham Lewis and Thomas Graham Lewis. The firm
was then Lewis Brothers, which was later formed into the limited liability coin-
l)any of Lewis Brothers, Limited, of which he is still the president. P^rom the
beginning their trade has extended to such an extent that they now occupy the
entire eight-story building which covers Nos. 20 to 42 inclusive on Bleury street,
Montreal, with sales ofSces in Ottawa, Toronto and other western cities. They
have been recognized as one of the leading hardware establishments of the
Dominion.

Frederic Orr-Lewis is also a director of the Merchants' Bank of Canada
and director of the Montreal Cotton Company and president of Canadian Vickers,
Limited, w'hich is associated with the English firm of \'ickers. Sons & Alaxim.
In 1903 he was elected to the presidency of the Dominion Wholesale Hard-
ware Merchants' Association.

On the i8th of June, 1896. at Christ church, Montreal, was celebrated the
marriage of F. Orr-Lewis and Maude Mary Helen Booth, daughter of William
Booth of London, Ontario. They now have three children, a son and two daugh-

562 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

ters, John Duncan, Helen Alerryday and Mary-Graham. The religious faith
of the family is that of the Presbyterian church, Mr. and Mrs. Orr-Lewis hold-
ing membership therein.

He is widely and popularly known in club circles, holding membership in
the leading organizations of that character in Montreal, including the St. James,
Canada, Forest and Stream, Montreal Hunt, Montreal Jockey, Mount Royal,
Montreal Royal Golf and Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Clubs. He is likewise a
member of the Rideau Club of Ottawa, Ontario; and the Canada, the Welling-
ton and Junior Carlton Clubs of London, England.

EUGENE-REAL ANGERS.

Eugene-Real Angers, a well known barrister and solicitor in Montreal, was
born in that city, October i, 1883. a son of Real and Josephine (Trudel) Angers,
and a grandson of Francois-Real Angers, K. C, one of the leaders of the Quebec
bar. The father, Real Angers, was born in Quebec and for many years was a
member of the wholesale hardware firm of Frothingham & Workman in Montreal.
He died December 22, iQoi, and his widow passed away in 1908. They were the
parents of two sons and a daughter : Eugene-R. ; Charles, who is with Frothing-
ham & Workman. Limited, of Montreal; and Josephine, the wife of Robert La
Roque de Roquebrune, of Beloeil, Quebec.

Eugene-Real Angers was educated in Montreal, winning the Bachelor of Arts
degree upon the completion of a classical course in St. Mary's College. He was
graduated from Laval University with the degree of LL. L. in June, 1907. In
July of that year he was admitted to the bar at Quebec and soon after formed a
partnership for the practice of law in Montreal with Ernest Guimont under the
firm name of Guimont & Angers. A year later the senior partner removed to St.
Hyacinthe and Mr. Angers entered into other partnership relations, leading to the
adoption of the firm style of Brosseau, Brosseau, Tansey & Angers. In Septem-
ber, 1913, he joined with Howard Salter Ross, K. C, in forming the law firm of
Ross & Angers. They now have offices in the Transportation building, where
they care for the interests of a growing clientele. Broad reading and study have
constantly augmented Mr. Angers' ability to handle complex and intricate problems
of law, and he is becoming recognized as one of the ablest of the younger repre-
sentatives of the Montreal bar.

On the 15th of Sei:)teml:)er, 1909, Mr. Angers was married to Germaine Tousig-
nant and thcv have one son, Pierre.

REV. THOMAS F. HEFFERNAN.

Rev. Thomas F. Hefifernan is now in the sixth year of his able service as
pastor of .St. Thomas Af|uinas' church in Montreal, a parish which he has
built up through his energy, zeal and well directed enterprise into one of the
most popular and well managed in the city, lie was born Dcccml)cr 22, 1869,

^^^^^^^^^M

1 1 ^. 1^1

t« 1

,_.,.!

EUGENE-REAL ANGERS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 565

on Colborne street, in St. Anne's parish, Montreal, a son of the late Thomas
and Ellen (Murray) Ilcffcrnan. In his infancy the parents moved to the east
end of the city, where the father purchased several properties, some of these
on Craig, Lagauchetiere and Dorion streets.

As a child Father lleffernan attended St. Bridget's school, taught by the
Christian Brothers, and when he was twelve years of age he entered St. Mary's
College. After one year and a half he enrolled in St. Lawrence College, con-
ducted by the Fathers of the Holy Cross. Here success attended his efforts
and in due time he became professor. He afterward took a four years' course
in the (Irand Seminary and was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood
December 22, iS<;4, wdien he was twenty-five years of age. His first appoint-
ment was with the Rev. William O'Meara, pastor of St. Gabriel's, with whom
he remained for three years. At the end of that time, at the request of His
Grace Archbishop Bruchesi he was appointed in September, 1898, professor
extreme at Montreal College and did excellent work in this field for two years.
Resigning at the end of that time, he was appointed assistant to Rev. J. E.
Donnelly, pastor of St. Anthony's, and he retained this connection for eight
years, severing it in order to accept the appointment to the newly-founded
parish of St. Thomas Aquinas. This was established for the English-speaking
people of the west end who were living within the district bounded on the
east by Atwater avenue, on the west by the middle of Cote St. Paul Road, on
the south by the canal and on the north by the Canadian Pacific Railroad track.
There were about three hundred families ; abotit one hundred residing between
Atwater and Rose de Lima streets, wdio belonged to St. Anthony's parish ; and
two hundred attached to St. Henry's. For a number of years previous there had
been dissatisfaction among the St. Henry's portion inasmuch as it was difficult for
the Rev. Canon Decary to meet their needs satisfactorily. Accordingly a new
parish was formed and placed in charge of Father Heflernan, who has since
made St. Thomas Aquinas one of the most important Catholic congregations
in the diocese. He has accomplished during the period of his incumbency a
great deal of remarkable work. He had no money and he required fifteen
thousand dollars to pay for the ground. He secured thirty thousand dollars
from the Travelers Insurance Company and fifteen thousand dollars from Mol-
son's Bank and erected a thirty-five thousand dollar building now used as a
church. The structure is two stories in height and so constructed that an addi-
tional two stories may be added if necessary. Father Hefi^ernan also erected
an attractive residence and has now a property valued at one hundred and fifty
thousand dollars and a debt of only thirty thousand dollars. During the year
of 1914 he is to l)uild a new church of Florentine style of architecture, on Convent
street. When asked to explain how this work was accomplished Father HefTer-
nan said : "God has visited his people and this people received him. My people
work from conviction, illumined by the light of faith. I have no sick, no infirm,
no needy. Health, wealth and blessings are ours. But you must leave here.
Never, until the\' sing my Mass of Requiem. I attribute the whole success to the
prayers of the children and to the good work of my Reverend assistant. Father
Polan."

Father Heffernan gives all of his time and attention to the affairs of his
parish, w-orking zealously and conscientiously in the promotion of the spiritual

566 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

and material interests of his congregation. He has indeed accomplished a won-
derful work at St. Thomas Aquinas and has the love of his people in large
measure as well as the high regard and warm confidence of people of all
denominations.

THOMAS BUSBY.

Thomas Busby, an old time Montreal merchant and in his day well known
in connection with the retail hardware trade, was born in Montreal, a grand-
son of Thomas Busby, who was the founder of the family in Canada.

This first Thomas Busby came from Ireland and had charge of landscape
gardening for the Baroness of Longueuil. He became a man of considerable
property for those days. His daughter married Dr. Digby of Brantford,
Ontario, and their daughter became the wife of Dr. Henwood of Brantford.
Thomas Busby had a son Thomas, who married Mary Lacasse, and they were
the parents of Thomas Busby of this review.

Thomas Busby, the third, was educated in the schools of Montreal and when
a young man began to learn the hardware business in this city. He later lived
for a few years in what was then called Upper Canada but in 1857 returned to
Montreal and established himself in the hardware business, which he success-
fully conducted until his death, which occurred April 20, 1862.

Mr. Busby was married in Montreal in June, 1853, to Miss E. C. Greene, a
daughter of Thomas J. Greene, who came to this city in early life from Sara-
toga, New York. He was a furrier and was for years at the head of the firm
of Thomas Greene & Son, while later the sons continued the business under the
style of Greene & Sons. Mr. and Mrs. Busby became the parents of four chil-
dren, but the only one now living is Fred Busby, a resident of Denver, Colo-
rado. Mrs. Busby still makes her home in Montreal, where she has now
resided for more than six decades, witnessing therefore much of the develop-
ment and modern progress of the city, and she is one of the highly esteemed
of Montreal's older residents.

GEORGES MAYRAND.

Through individual efifort and ability Georges Mayrand has attained to a
position of prominence as a representative of the notarial profession in Montreal,
being now senior partner in the firm of Mayrand, Loranger, Ecrement & Melancon.
A native of Port Neuf county, he was born at Grondines, on the 21st of August,
1876, and was educated under Jesuit instruction, attending St. Mary's College of
Montreal and afterward Laval University, in which he pursued the study of law,
winning his B. L. degree on the completion of his law course in 1900. Having de-
termined to concentrate his energies upon practice as a notary public, he opened an
office in Montreal in September following his graduation and has created and
developed an important business at No. 99 St. James street. He has been. joined

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 567

by others as his clientage has grown until he is now head of the firm of May-
rand, Loranger, Ecrement & Melancon. He has also taken an active and helpful
part in promoting the growth and progress of the city and is associated with
several land companies, including the Greater Montreal Land Company, the
Summerlea Realty Company and the Sault au RecoUet Island Company. He
has become thoroughly conversant with i)roperty values, readily recognizes a
possible rise or diminution in realty prices and accordingly makes his invest-
ments so that he has secured good returns from his property holdings.

Mr. Mayrand's public service has also included prompt and faithful dis-
charge of the duties of alderman, he being elected to that position from
the Delorimier ward and his efficiency was rewarded by reelection in April,
1914. He has likewise filled the office of school commissioner and coming prom-
inently before the public in these positions has made an excellent reconl, credit-
able to himself and satisfactory to his supporters. In politics he is a liberal and
in addition to the local offices he has filled he is representing Dorion county in
the provincial legislature. He is now vice president and secretary of the Club
Delorimier, is a member of the National Amateur Athletic Association and takes
an exceedingly active interest in outdoor sports. He is a typical man of the
times, alert and energetic in action, progressive in purpose and thoroughly alive
to the opportunities which are presented for business advancement and public
improvement.

REV. GERALD FRANCIS JOSEPH McSHANE.

The Roman Catholic church numbers among its most distinguished represen-
tatives in Canada Rev. Gerald Francis Joseph McShane, pastor of St. Patrick's
church in Montreal and one of the best known lecturers and preachers in this
province. Fie has been identified with religious activity in this city since k;oo and
has since that time accomplished a great deal of constructive work here, his
lectures, his eloquent preaching, his organizing and administrative activities con-
stituting forces in the later development in Montreal of the doctrines in which he
believes.

He was born in this city, December 5, 1872, and is a son of Michael and
Margaret (Loftus) McShane, of Irish origin. In the acquirement of an educa-
tion he attended Belmont school, the Archbishop's Academy and Montreal Col-
lege and later the Grand Seminary in that city, supplementing this by a four
years' course of study in Paris and Rome, receiving in the latter city degrees
in philosophy and divinity. In 1896 he joined the Sulpician Order of this city
and the same year left to complete his studies at St. Sulpice in Paris. In 1897
he was ordained priest, and three years later, in 1900, returned to Canada as
curate of St. Patrick's church, Montreal. For three years he did able work
in that capacity and was then transferred to Notre Dame church in this city, where
his sermons delivered in both French and English attracted much attention, they
first bringing him into prominence as an orator. He has since that time become
one of the most eloquent and widely known speakers in the city and is in great
demand for lectures, sermons or orations of any kind. Since December, 1907,

568 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

he has been pastor of St. Patrick's church in Montreal and his address at his
inaugural was regarded as more than an ordinary piece of tact and eloquence.
Since that time he has carried forward a great deal of earnest and consecrated
work in the management of his parish, which, being an important one, requires
at its head a man of wide attainments, broad knowledge and discriminating busi-
ness ability — fjualities which Father McShane possesses in an unusual degree.
He has been one of the greatest individual forces in the development of Catholic
institutions in ^Montreal, having founded the Columbian Club, a social organiza-
tion for Catholic students of McGill University. He is also a director and trustee
of St. Patrick's Orphanage. His congregation is one of the largest and most im-
portant in Montreal and its prestige is continually increasing as Father McShane's
ability as a pastor, a business man, an organizer and an orator becomes more
widely recognized.

One of the city's most brilliant, sincere and earnest Christian gentlemen,
he occupies an enviable place in the regard of his parishioners and, indeed, of
all who know him. The late Judge Curran, speaking of him, called him "a man
of scholarly attainments, of fine tastes, of patriotic impulses and of considerable
gifts as a speaker," and this opinion is almost uniformly held throughout Mon-
treal, where Father McShane has always made his home.

THIBAUDEAU RINFRET, K. C.

Thibaudeau Rinfret, a prominent and successful advocate of Montreal,
brought to the outset of his career certain rare gifts, a strong individuality, laud-
able ambition and the indefatigable energy without which success and honors
are seldom won by representatives of the bar. His advancement has been con-
tinuous and his energies have been largely concentrated upon his professional
duties.

He was born in Montreal June 22, 1879, a son of F. O. R. and Alvina R.
(Pominville) Rinfret, the former an advocate of Montreal, while the latter was
a daughter of the late F. P. Pominville, Q. C, and a law partner of the late Sir
G. E. Cartier, baronet. Having attended St. Mary's (Jesuit) College, from which
he was graduated on completion of the arts course with the B. A. degree in 1897,
Mr. Rinfret afterward entered McGill University and won his B. C. L. degree in
1900. He was created king's counsel in 1912, a fact indicative of the success which
he has achieved in his law practice. He entered upon the active work of the pro-
fession in 1901 and successfully followed law practice at St. Jerome in partnership
with Hon. Jean Prevost until 1910. Upon the appointment of Charles Archer, K.
C, to the bench he joined the firm headed by J. L. Perron, K. C. The firm is now
Perron, Taschereau, Rinfret, Genest, Billette & PlimsoU, and Mr. Rinfret has
been connected with it since 1910. He carefully prejjarcs his cases and is seldom
at fault in the application of a legal principle, while his analytical ability enables
him to readily understand the relation of cause and effect. .Since 1902 he has been
attorney for County Terrebonne for the inland revenue department, and he con-
tested Terrebonne in the liberal interests at the federal general election of 1908
against the Hon. W. B. Nantcl, now minister of inland rcvoniic. Tiiough his

THIBAUDKAU RINFRKT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 571

party was in the minority, he failed to secure the seat by only seventy-nine votes.
Mr. Rinfret has rendered valuable service to the liberal party of whose principles
he is a strong supporter.

The zeal with which he has devoted his energies to his profession, the careful
regard evinced for the interests of his clients and an unrelaxing attention to all
the details of his cases, have won him an enviable and well merited reputation.
His acquaintance is wide, and he has a host of friends whose high regard he has
gained through his [Jrofessional ability, his deference to the opinions of others, his
genial manner and unfailing courtesy.

Mr. Rinfret was married to Miss Georgine Rolland, a daughter of J. B.
Rolland, of Montreal, where they make their home. Mr. Rinfret holds member-
ship in the Catholic church.

CLARENCE L DE SOLA.

The great industrial undertakings which have led to the substantial develop-
ment and upbuilding of Canada have found a prominent representative in Clarence
L de Sola, today regarded as one of the foremost men engaged in public works
and in shipbuilding in Canada. Moreover, he is prominent in the consular service
and is a recognized leader in various movements for the improvement of the
economic condition of the Hebrew people, some of his work in that direction
being of world-wide significance. Montreal numbers him among her worthy and
honored native sons, his birth having occurred here on the 15th of August, 1858.
He is a member of an ancient and illustrious Jewish family that long resided in
Spain, where it produced many distinguished men. He is the third son of the
late Rev. Abraham de Sola, LL. D., who was one of the most eminent and schol-
arly exponents of orthodox Judaism in America and an author of international
repute.

Liberal educational opportunities were accorded the subject of this sketch, and
his life has been one of steadily expanding and increasing usefulness. Step by
step he has advanced in business connections, and in 1887 he was made managing
director of the Comptoir Belgo-Canadien, a syndicate of the leading Belgian
manufacturers of steel and other structural material and builders of bridges, rail-
roads and canal locks. The syndicate includes the famous Cockerill Works, of
Seraing, employing eighteen thousand hands. His duties and responsibilities in
this direction are most important. He secured and e.xecuted contracts in the
building of the Soulanges and Trent canals, in re-laying large portions of the
track of the Inter-Colonial Railway and the Prince Edward Island Railway, and
in the construction of many of our largest public bridges. He was associated
with the engineers Lafontaine and Lemoine in the construction of the Brock
street tunnel. It was largely due to his eiTorts that hydraulic lift locks were first
used in American or Canadian canals.

It was in recognition of the ability he had shown in developing commercial
relations between Belgium and Canada that Mr. de Sola was appointed, in 1904,
vice consul for Belgium at Montreal, and his work in helping to negotiate the
arrangement between the Belgian and Canadian governments, whereby the bene-

572 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

fits of the intermediate Canadian customs tariff was secured for Belgian manu-
facturers, was rewarded by his advancement, in 191 1 to the full rank of consul.

Extensive as have been Mr. de Sola's efforts in connection with Belgian trade,
he has also employed his energies in other fields, for he is the managing director
of the Canadian office of Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson, Ltd.. the great
shipbuilders of Wallsend-on-Tyne, and he has undertaken and executed many
contracts for the building of a large number of ships for traffic on the Canadian
Great Lakes, the River St. Lawrence and the Atlantic oceans, amounting in all to
quite a large fleet. The Canadian government has also had several ships built
for its service by contracts awarded to Mr. de Sola, including some very fine
vessels for hydrographic survey work, that have made their way through the ice-
bound waters of Hudson's Bay in dangerous seasons. The first ship ever seen in
American waters, or that ever crossed the Atlantic ocean propelled by oil com-
bustion engines, was built by Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson for Mr. de
Sola as consignee. It was the ship Toiler, and it was run by Mr. de Sola on the
St. Lawrence and lake route until sold by him to James Playfair. An improve-
ment on the Toiler, the ship Calgary, was built during the following year and
these were the first Diesel oil combustion engined vessels to run in Canadian
waters.

Clarence de Sola is a director of the Reid-Donald Steamship Company, of
which he is the Canadian manager, and he is also a director of the Farrar Trans-
portation Company.

Mr. de Sola has become widely known as a leading factor in the world-em-
bracing Zionist Movement, for the settlement in Palestine of the persecuted
Jews emigrating from Russia and other eastern European countries and for
the restoration of the Holy Land as the national home of the Hebrew race.
He was for a long period on the Actions Committee, which is the supreme gov-
erning council of the Zionist Movement, and for many years has been president
of the Federation of Zionist Societies of Canada. This federation is a huge or-
ganization having branch societies in about sixty different cities and towns through-
out the Dominion, and is the most representative Jewish body in Canada. It was
through his initiative and foresight that the Zionists of Canada, at their eleventh
convention, established a special fund for purchasing land in Palestine on which
to settle Jewish colonists and two Jewish colonies in the Holy Land owe their
existence entirely to this measure. The Canadian Century has aptly styled him
"the head and shoulders of the Zionist Movement in Canada." He has also
figured prominently in the Zionist International Congresses.

Mr. de Sola is a recognized authority on Jewish history, more especially the
early records of the Jews of this country, to which he has given years of research.
A numl)er of his articles on this subject have appeared in print. He is an hon-
orary corresponding member of the American-Jewish Historical Society and
member of the .^nglo-Jewish Historical Society. When Funk & Wagnalls pub-
lished the Jewish Encyclopedia Mr. de Sola was selected to be one of the writers
of the articles on Jewish history and his contributions are to be fninui in most of
the twelve volumes. One of his most salient characteristics is his loyalty to any
cause which he espouses. Men have learned to know that what he promises he will
do, that what he undertakes he will execute, and to all his work he l)rings the cor-
rect ])rinci])Ies of business; accomplishing with dispatch, with accuracy and deci-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 573.

sion that which he sets out to do. He does not confine his efforts to institutions for
the benefit of those of his own race. In fact his work has always been broad and
nonscctarian in character and any call for humanity's sake has met with ready
response from him. lie is a governor of the Montreal Cjcneral Hospital and an
officer of numerous piiilanlhropic societies. He is the presiding warden (I'ar-
nas) of the Corporation of Spanish and Portuguese Jews of Montreal, the hand-
some design of whose synagogue building is due to the architectural taste of Mr.
de Sola, a taste which also made itself felt in the striking beauty and individuality
of his own home.

In 1 90 1 Mr. de Sola was married to Miss Belle Maud Goldsmith, daughter
of Leopold Goldsmith, a prominent citizen of Cleveland, Ohio. She completed
a collegiate course with the Bachelor of Arts degree, and is an active officer of
various organizations, including among nonsectarian ones the Victorian Order
of Xurses, the Royal Edward Institute, the Needlework Guild and many others.
Among Jewish societies she is founder of the Daughters of Zion in Canada and
of the Women's League for Cultural Work in Palestine. She also was one of
those who organized the Friendly League of Jewish Women, of which she was
the first president. She has written several absorbingly interesting literary
articles, among them being "The Higher Education of Women," "The Origin
of the French Salon," and "The Jew — Imaginary and Real.''

Mr. and Mrs. Clarence de Sola's home, on Pine avenue, is one of the mosi
beautiful in Montreal. It is a splendid example of Saracenic architecture, such
as is seen in southern Spain. In both its general outlines and in its rich orna-
mental details it is an exquisite sjiecimen of tb.e highest form of Andalusian art.
It is a home that is additionally attractive by reason of a gracious and cordial
hospitality.

EDOUARD GOHIER.

There is probably no other line of business that is equal as a factor in a city's
growth and development to the real-estate business when conducted by men who
are reliable and who aim to develop only properties of merit and value. Included
among such men in Montreal is Edouard Gohier, senior member of Edouard
Gohier & Company. Mr. Gohier has been connected with a number of the
largest high-class suburban property deals that have taken place around Mon-
treal in recent years. His long experience in that line of business, as well as
his straightforward business methods, has secured for him a high position in real-
estate and financial circles.

Mr. Gohier comes from one of the oldest families in the province of Quebec
and was born April 29, 1861, at St. Martin, Laval county, his parents being Ben-
jamin and Celina (Crevier) Gohier. Mr. Gohier's early life was spent on a farm,
but when about twenty-two years old he entered business circles in connection
with the dry-goods trade at St. Laurent and was thus engaged about seven years.
He then turned his attention to the real-estate business in that town and Cartier-
ville, later opening an office in Montreal. For sixteen years he served as mayor
of St. Laurent and has always taken a deep interest in public affairs in that town.

57-4 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Among the larger deals negotiated by Edouard Gohier & Company of late years
have been La Cie des Boulevards de ITle de Montreal and the sale to the Cana-
dian Northern Land Company of the land for the Model City, a suburb of Mon-
treal, transactions that have been profitable to the principals and valuable acquisi-
tions lo the city. Mr. Gohier is managing director of the Northmount Land
Company as well as one of the original promoters of the company. His con-
nection with public interests has been of value in various lines and always marked
by the same careful consideration given his own business affairs. He is a director
of Notre Dame Hospital and of Le Devoir, while in March, 1914, he was ap-
pointed by the federal government as a member of the Georgian Bay Canal Com-
mission. In political matters he is a supporter of the conservative party, while
his religious faith is that of the Roman Catholic church.

Mr. Gohier married at St. Laurent Phomela Gosselin, a daughter of Narcise
Gosselin, and to them have been born thirteen children, eight of whom are living.
Horace, a graduate of St. Lawrence College, later attended Notre Dame Univer-
sity of South Bend, Indiana. Aside from his connection with the firm of Edouard
Gohier & Company he is a member of the finn of Gohier & Bigras, who handle
city properties, Laval on the Lake and the properties of the Montreal Extension
Land Company. He is likewise a director of the Montreal Turnpike Trust.
Politically he is a conservative and is an alderman of the town of St. Laurent.
His wife bore the maiden name of Rosa Jasmin. The other children of Edouard
and Phomela (Gosselin) Gohier are as follows: Joseph, a farmer of St. Laurent,
who married Alice \'alois ; Ernest, a graduate of McGill University, who married
Berthe Mont Briant of Montreal and who is a civil engineer and a partner of
F, C. Laberge of Montreal ; Edouard, a graduate of St. Lawrence College, who
has taken post-graduate work in Notre Dame University at South Bend, Indiana,
and is now a lumber merchant of St. Laurent ; Amanda, who married J. Bruno
Nantel; Yvonne; Lorette; and Leo.

Mr. Gohier has always resided in St. Laurent, while his summer home is in
Cartierville. Among his indixidual holdings of real estate in St. Laurent is a
valuable stock farm of five hundred acres. He is a successful business man
whose career has been marked by honorable methods and whose progressive ideas
in educational and civic matters have long since caused him to be numbered
among the valued and respected citizens of his town.

JOSEPH EMERY-CODERRE.

Joseph Emery-Coderre, a well known notary of Montreal, was born April
14, 1880, at Ste. Anne de Stukely, in SheiTord county, Quebec, and is descended
from an old family of St. Antoine on the Richelieu river. He is a grandnephcw
of Dr. J. Emery-Coderre, who was a professor at Victoria and Laval Universi-
ties in Montreal.

J. Emery-Coderre, father of him whose name introduces this review, removed
to Indian Orchard, Massachusetts, 1882 and to Woonsocket, Rhode Island, in
1886 and there the son was educated in the parochial school, while from 1S92
until \H(jj he attended the Brothers of Mary school at Waterloo, Quebec, and

JOSEPH EMERY- CX)DERRE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 577

from September, 1897, to January, 1898, the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe. In
April, 1898, he returned to Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and for two years was
employed in the Globe Cotton Mills, old I'raid Shop, and by the American
Wringer Company. In 1900 he left the mills to continue his education at the
Seminaire of St. Marie de Monnoir at Marieville, Quebec, remaining there for
six years. In 1906 he won his Bachelor of Arts degree from Laval University
and during the ensuing two years he clerked in the office of Boisseau & Bazinet,
notaries at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec. During the succeeding two years he studied
at Laval University and clerked in the office of Biron & Savignac, notaries.
Thus alternating business activity with the acquirement of an education, he at
length reached a position that enabled him to pass the examination before the
board of notaries on the loth of July, 1910. Immediately afterward he became
a member of the firm of Biron & Savignac, notaries, with offices at 99 St. James
street, Montreal, the said firm having now another member and being known as
Biron, Savignac, Coderre & Poirier.

J. Emery-Coderre is secretary and treasurer of the corporation of Mon-
treal East and is a member of the Montreal East Land Company. At the
same time the firm with which he is connected is accorded an extensive clientage,
and thus his professional and business interests are important. He has made
wise use of time, talents and opportunities, and his ability has advanced him to
an enviable position.

On the I2th of October, 1910, J. Emery-Coderre was married at St.
Hyacinthe to Bertha Tetrault, a daughter of Francois Xavier Tetrault, and they
have become parents of two children, Francois Xavier and Maurice. J. Emery-
Coderre is a member of the Club Champetre Canadien. A young man, he
has won popularity in both professional and social circles, and he now has a
wide and favorable acquaintance in Montreal.

HON. COLONEL SIR RODOLPHE FORGET, M. P.

■'One of the most powerful men in financial circles in Canada ; he can make
and unmake and has seldom been beaten in a financial battle." Thus wrote the
Canadian Courier concerning one of the foremost French-Canadian citizens of
Montreal — Colonel Joseph David Rodolphe Forget, better known as Sir Rodolphe
Forget, banker, broker and legislator. He was born at Terrebonne, Province of
Quebec, December 10, 1861, and while spending his youthful days in the home of
his parents, David and Angele (Limoges) Forget, he attended Masson College.
In early manhood he established a home of his own through his marriage in Octo-
ber, 1885, to Mile. Alexandra Tourville. Subsequent to her death he was mar-
ried, in April, 1894, to Miss Blanche, youngest daughter of the late A. R. McDon-
old, a stock broker of Quebec. Lady Forget is prominent in charitable and
benevoleht circles, being a director of the Montreal Day Nursery and the Notre
Dame Hospital, while in 1909 she was elected vice president of the Women's
Canadian Club.

Sir Rodolphe Forget's active connection with financial aft'airs began in 1890,
when he joined the Montreal Stock Exchange, of which he was chosen chairman

578 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

in 1908, continuing in that position until 191 1, when he resigned. He was for a
time connected with the businessof L. J. Forget & Company, the senior partner
being the late Hon. L. J. Forget. In 1909 a branch house was established in
Paris and as banicer and broker Sir Rodolphe Forget has attained prominence
equal to that which has come to him in connection with public affairs. Many
of the extensive and important corporation interests of Canada have been quick-
ened and stimulated through his cooperation, while his sound judgment has con-
stituted a controlling force in their management. He is president of the Quebec
and Saguenay Railway, the Quebec Railway Light, Heat & Power Company;
vice president of the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company ; and director of
the Toronto Railway Company, the Quebec Gas Company, the Sterling Coal
Company, Limited, the Canadian General Electric Company, and the St. Law-
rence Flour Mills Company. He was formerly president of the Richelieu &
Ontario Navigation Company, the Eastern Canada Steel & Iron Works, Limited,
the Royal Electric Company, and the Mount Royal Assurance Company ; and vice
president of the Canadian Securities Corporation and La Societe d'Administra-
tion Generale; and director of the Duluth Street Railway Company, the Mon-
treal-London Securities Corporation, the Black Lake Consolidated Asbestos Com-
pany, the Union Brewery Company, the Murray-Bay Lumber & Pulp Company,
the City Central Real Estate Company, the Montreal Smelting & Reduction
Company, the Prudential Trust Company, the Wayagamack Pulp & Paper Com-
pany, the Crown Life Insurance Company, the Canada Marconi Wireless
Telegraph Company, the Payne Consolidated Mining Company, La Banque Pro-
vinciale and Le Journal. In 191 1 he founded La Banque Internationale du
Canada. He was rated as a millionaire by the Montreal Star in 1907, which in
itself is a testimonial of his power as a financier. In 191 1 he headed the naviga-
tion merger. He has also been connected with the Canada Car Foundry Com-
pany, the Industrial Development Company, the Butte Central Copper Com-
pany, and the Montmorency Cotton Mills Company. All these indicate some-
thing of the wonderful scope of his business interests and activity and yet by no
means give a complete record of his interest and his efforts, which have been
equally strong forces in the control, development and upbuilding of organiza-
tions having to do with the public welfare. In 191 1 he made a gift of two hun-
dred and fifty thousand dollars to the Notre Dame Hospital, of which he is a
director. He is also president of the Province of Quebec Rifle Association, and
he was appointed honorary lieutenant colonel of the Si.xty-fifth Carabiniers, •
"Mount Royal" of ]\Iontreal in 1907, and was promoted to honorary colonel in
March, 1914. He is a director of the Canadian National Bureau of Breeding
and is a life governor of the Anti(|uarian and Numismatic Society. He was vice
president of Credit Foncier I'Vanco-Canadien. He has been a member of the
executive committee of the Canadian Handicrafts Guild of Montreal, Inilding the
office in 190<S.

In i)olitics an inde])en(lent-conservative, Sir Rodoljilie l^'orgcl has sal for
Charlevoix in the house of commons since HJ04. In \')i\ he was elected for
Charlevoix and Alontniorenc)' — said to be the first occasion in the historv of the
Dominion in which a member in oi)])osition was elected for two constituencies.
He was offered a portfolio when I'rcmier llorden formed his cabincl, but de-
clined. He believes in a direct coiitribulion from C'an;iila for the imperial na\y

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 579

and opposed the Taft-Fielding reciprocity pact. His religious faith is that of
the Roman Catholic church. In club circles he is well known as a member of the
Mount Royal, the St. James, Club Lafontainc, Club Canadien, Club St. Denis,
Canada, Montreal, Montreal Jockey, Montreal Hunt, Canadian, Forest
and Stream, Montreal Curling, Montreal Military Institute, Royal Montreal
Golf, Royal St. Lawrence \'acht Clubs, of Montreal, and the Garrison Club uf
Quebec, in many of which he has held official positions. He has been termed
"the young Napoleon of St. Francois Xavier street." He has manifested
Napoleonic powers in other connections and his strength, power and resource
have given him the position of honor and distinction which he now occupies.
His residence is at No. 71 Ontario avenue, and his summer home is "Gil Mont,"
St. Irenee les Bains, Quebec.

FITZ-JAMES E. BROWNE.

One of the best known citizens of Montreal whose reputation in business is
international is Fitz-James E. Browne, president of the famous and highly suc-
cessful firm known as "The House of Browne, Limited," real-estate experts, auc-
tioneers, architects and fire insurance agents. He w-as born in Montreal on the
22d of September, 1871, a son of the late John James and Agnes Dunlop (Hay)
Browne, and comes of Irish and Scotch ancestry. He acquired his early education
at the McTavish school and afterward attended Lincoln College at Sorel, prov-
ince of Quebec.

After leaving school Mr. Browne became associated in the architectural pro-
fession with his father and soon after the death of the latter, in 1893, Fitz-James
E. Browne engaged in the real-estate business, continuing the firm name of John
James Browne until 1894, when the present title of "The House of Browne, Lim-
ited" was assumed, and no real-estate firm in the Dominion is as widely known.
Mr. Brown's advertising measures are both progressive and aggressive as well
as unique. He has been a pioneer in methods that others attempt to imitate. As
a real-estate auctioneer it is doubtful if he has an equal. He has officiated at the
biggest sales on record in Canada and holds the proud honor of having sold the
highest priced property per foot in Montreal. He possesses a comprehensive
and accurate knowledge of values as well as a thorough and practical under-
standing of all the intricacies of the real-estate business in the city, and his
upright business methods have won him the esteem and confidence of all. His
knowledge of architecture from both the scientific and practical standpoint is
broad, and as a real-estate expert he stands in the front rank. He is frequently
called upon to address meetings of real-estate dealers and deliver lectures upon
real-estate selling in both Canada and the United States.

Mr. Browne was married in August, 1896, to Miss Sarsie Geraldine Nagle
of Montreal. Her tragic death, resulting from injuries sustained in being struck
by a tram car, occurred on November 15. 1013. She is survived by two sons:
John James Ethelbert and Henry Shewbridge Bashford.

Like the majority of progressive business men of the day, .^Ir. Browne keeps
well informed on leading questions and issues, but does not seek nor desire the

580 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

honors and emoluments of office, preferring to concentrate his attention upon his
business affairs. In his younger days he devoted much time to amateur sport,
in which he still retains deep interest. As a member of the Montreal Amateur
Athletic Association he was foremost in opposition to the introduction of pro-
fessionalism into the organization. He was a prime factor in the organization
of the St. Patrick's Amateur Athletic Association and has since been its leading
spirit. Mr. Browne is a very public-spirited man and any movement for the
advancement of the city, province or Dominion finds in him a most hearty sup-
porter.

PAUL BRISSET DES NOS.

Prominent in real-estate circles of Montreal is Paul Brisset des Nos, whose
activities in that field have had an important bearing upon the growth of the
city. He has successfully handled important deals and has been connected with
some of the largest transactions consummated in real estate. At present he is
manager of the L'Alliance Immobiliere, Incorporated, which he established in
1912 and which is capitalized at one hundred thousand dollars. He is among
the successful Parisians who have selected Montreal as their field of labor, and
yet he often visits the land of his birth. Having had all the advantages of an
excellent education, he understands mankind and judges conditions correctly,
,and these features are largely the corner stone of his success. He was born in
Paris, November 17, 1873, and comes of a distinguished family, his father being
Andre Brisset des Nos, for many years manager for La Fonciere, Paris, and
his mother Clementine Hebert de la Rousseliere.

Paul Brisset des Nos enjoyed the advantages of a classical course, attending
the College of the Jesuits in his native city, located at the rue de Madrid, and
also the school of the same order at the rue Bleury at Montreal. He made his
first step into the business world as partner of his father, who was engaged in
the wholesale wine and liquor business at 23 Gosford street, Montreal, the bus-
iness being conducted under the name of Andre Brisset & Fils. He was con-
nected with this firm for six years but in 1.906 he opened a real-estate office.
For about seven years he was located at Pointe aux Trembles but subsequently
gave much of his time to two tracts of land which he had acquired in the district
of the Riviere des Prairies, which he subdivided into eighteen hundred lots, all
of which have been disposed of today. Among other enterprises he was con-
cerned in the building of four butter factories near Montreal. In 19 12 he es-
tablished and incorporated the L'Alliance Immobiliere, with a capital of one
hundred thousand dollars, and has since been manager thereof. He is a member
of the Montreal Real Estate Exchange.

On the iith of February, 1901, at Montreal, Mr. Brisset des Nos was united
in marriage to Miss Yvonne Lareau, a daughter of the late Edmond Lareau,
deputy of Rouville. Mr. and Mrs. Brisset des Nos have the following children:
Paul, ten years of age ; Aliettc, aged eight ; Yves, six ; and Madeleine, three.

It is conceded on all sides that realty activities largely contribute to the
growth of a community and in that way Mr. Brisset des Nos has participated in

PAUL BRISSET DK8 NOS

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 583

the development and commercial expansion of Montreal, lie is public-spirited
and takes a deep interest in any forward movement promoted in the cause of
the general welfare. Although he has been connected vvitli real-estate transac-
tions for a comparatively short time, he has made his influence felt in that
field to such an extent that his opinions and advice are often sought Ijy investors.
L'Alliance Immobiliere, founded upon a solid basis, may well look toward a
prosperous future under the able management of Mr. Brisset des Nos, whose
wide experience and sound judgment are among the most important assets
of the corporation.

HON. SIR LOMER GOUIN.

Hon. Sir Lomer Gouin, a distinguished representative of the Montreal bar
and a statesman whose grasp of afl'airs has made him largely master of situations
affecting government interests, was born at Grondines, P. Q., March 19, 1861,
a son of Dr. J. N. and X'ictorie Seraphine (Fugere) Gouin. The family has long
been established in this province. Sir Lomer Gouin in the attainment of his edu-
cation attended successfully Sorel College,' Levis College and the Laval Univer-
sity. He won his LL.B degree in 1884 and in 1902 the honorary degree of LL.D
was conferred upon him while McGill also created him an LL.D in 191 1. He
pursued his law studies under the direction of the late Sir John Abbot and the
late Hon. R. Laflamme, two of the most eminent members of the bar of Mon-
treal. Passing the required examinations. Sir Lomer Gouin was admitted to
practice as an advocate in 1884, and his advancement in his profession has brought
him to a position of leadership at the provincial bar. He was at one time a law
partner of Judge Pagnuelo and afterward of the late Hon. H. Mercier. His
knowledge of the law is comprehensive and exact and in the application of its
principles he has proven himself one of the ablest representatives of the bar in
Montreal. He was elected batonnier-general of the provincial bar in 1910, was
appointed an officer of de I'lnstitut Public of France in 1902 and also of the
Legion of Honor in 1907. Aside from his profession, he is known in financial
circles as a director of the Royal Trust Company, of the Montreal City and Dis-
trict Savings Bank and of the Mount Royal Assurance Company. The Venerable
Archdeacon Kerr characterized him as "a straightforward business man," and in
all his career he has never deviated from high standards of manhood and
citizenship.

In 1908 he was knighted by King George at the Quebec Tercentenary celebra-
tion. His public service has been of an important character and is of wide scope,
and in 1898 he was appointed a member of the council of public instruction, P. Q.,
and in 1910 was elected president of the North American Fish and Game Pro-
tective Association. He has likewise been president of the Canadian Camp. In
1900 he was chosen an alderman of Montreal and exercises his official preroga-
tives in support of various measures for the general good. Mr. Gouin is a lib-
eral in politics and for some years has been active in the party. He unsuccess-
fully contested Richelieu for the House of Commons at the general election in
1891, and he sat for Montreal, St. James division, in the local house in 1897-

584 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

1908. Since then he has sat for Port Neuf. He is regarded as an administrator
of breadth of view, great knowledge and abihty and unimpeachable probity.
From 1900 until 1904 Sir Lomer Gouin was commissioner of public works under
the Parent administration, and since Alarch 23, 1905, has been premier and at-
torney-general for the province of Quebec. An eminent statesmen has character-
ized him as "the greatest prime minister the province has ever known." His
comprehensive knowledge of the law and his ready grasp of affairs, combined
with his unfaltering loyalty to the best interests of government, classes him with
the most prominent Canadian statesmen. In 1906 he was chairman of the Ottawa
Inter-Provincial Conference and was a delegate thereto in 1910. He has edited a
special edition of the Quebec Municipal Code, and he seems familiar with all the
various phases of the important municipal, provincial and national problems
which are now engaging public attention.

Sir Lomer Gouin was married in May, 1888, to Miss Eliza Mercier, a daugh-
ter of the late Hon. Honore Mercier, prime minister of Quebec. Lady Gouin
passed away in September, 1904, and in September, 191 1, he wedded Alice, daugh-
ter of the late Augusta Amos of Montreal. Sir Lomer Gouin was present by invi-
tation at the coronation of King George and Queen Mary in Westminster Abbey
in June, 191 1. He is well known in club circles as a member of the Garrison
Club of Quebec; the Club St. Denis, the Montreal Reform Club, and the Mount
Royal Club of Montreal. His religious affiliation is with the Roman Catholic
church.

ISAAC GOUVERNEUR OGDEN.

The enterprise which has brought the western world to a par with the old
world in all that touches business activity and progress finds exemplification in
the life record of Isaac Gouverneur Ogden, now vice president of the Canadian
Pacific Railway Company. It would be a partial view, however, if one vk'ere to
consider his life record only from the standpoint of business advancement, as
his labors have been directed with equal efficiency along lines which touch the
general interests of society or have their root in a broad humanitarian spirit.

Born across the border, Mr. Ogden is a native of New York, the date of his
birth being October 10, 1844. His parents were Isaac Gouverneur and Eliza-
beth Katherine (Williamson) Ogden, representatives of old and distinguished
families of the Empire state. His education was acquired in local public schools,
while his early business training came to him in a mercantile house in his native
state where he secured employment in i860. He early recognized the eternal
principle that industry wins, and industry became the beacon light of his life. He
turned from merchandising to banking, entering the house of Fisk & Hatch with
which he remained until March, 1871, when he made his initial step in railway
service as paymaster and accountant for the Chicago & Pacific Railway Com-
pany. The duties of the dual position were promptly and capably discharged
until 1876, when he was made auditor, serving in that capacity for five years
under a receiver.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 585

In 1881 he became auditor for llie western division of the Canadian racific
Railway Company, was advanced to the position of auditor for the Canadian
Pacific in 1883 and so remained until 1887. For fourteen years thereafter he
was comptroller for the Canadian Pacific and since December, 1901 has been
vice president of the most important railway that crosses the Dominion. Long
fxi)erience has made him familiar with various phases of railway operation and
management, and thus he came well etjuipped to his present position, ready for
administrative direction and executive control.

In early manhood Mr. Ogden wedded Miss Julia M. Baker and they reside
at No. 457 Mackay street. Home and business interests, however, by no means
comprise the extent of his activities which reach out into the fields of religious
and philanthropic work and also prominently into club life. He is an Anglican,
is president of the Montreal College of Homeopathic Physicians and Surgeons;
and is a life governor of the Montreal Homeopathic Hospital. In 1901 he was
elected president of the Association of American Railway Accounting Officers
and in 1905 was a delegate to the International Railway Congress. He brings
to bear upon public questions the same keen discrimination and sound judgment
that have characterized his activities in railway circles. His social nature finds
expression in his membership in the St. James, Mount Royal, Forest and Stream,
Royal St. Lawrence Yacht and Montreal Hunt Clubs of Montreal ; the Lotus and
Transportation Clubs of New York, and the Manitoba Club of Winnipeg.

CHARLES HAZLITT CAHAN.

It cannot be denied that members of the bar have been more prominent actors
in public affairs than any other class of the community. This is but the natural
result of causes which are manifest and require no explanation. The ability and
training which qualify one to practice law also qualify him in many respects for
duties which lie outside the strict path of his profession and which touch the
general interests of society. Holding marked precedence among the members of
the bar and recognized also as an influential factor in political circles, Charles
Hazlitt Cahan is a well known and honored resident of Alontreal. He comes of
a family of Irish origin and was born at Hebron, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, October
31, 1861, his parents being the late Charles and Theresa Cahan, of Yarmouth.
He supplemented his early educational training by study at Yarmouth Seminary
and in Dalhousie University, winning his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1886 and
Bachelor of Laws degree in 1890. He began practice as a barrister of Nova Sco-
tia in 1893 and was created king's counsellor there in 1907. In the same year
he entered upon the practice of law in the province of Quebec and was made
king's counsellor in this province in 1909. While a resident of Halifax he was
a member of the law firm of Harris, Henry & Cahan but since 1909 has been
in practice in Montreal. He has always specialized in corporation law, in which
department he has had wide and varied experience in North and South America
and in Europe.

There was an interval between the completion of his course and his active
connection with the bar in which he devoted his time and energies to journalistic

586 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

interests, being connected with the Halifax Evening Mail and Herald, resigning,
however, to devote his attention to law and politics in 1894, and he has made
for himself a prominent name and position in the latter as well as in the former
connection. He contested Shelburne, Nova Scotia, in the conservative interest
and following the election sat in the Nova Scotia legislature from 1890 until
1894, during which period he was the recognized leader of the opposition. In
1896 he unsuccessfully contested Shelburne and Queen's for the house of com-
mons, and also Cumberland at the general election in 1900. He declined a nomi-
nation for the St. Lawrence division of Montreal at the general election of 1911,
and he also refused political honors when he decided not to accept the portfolio
offered him in the Dominion cabinet in 1896. Public activity has ever been with
him a matter of public duty, as he has ever placed the general good before parti-
sanship or self-aggrandizement. He was for several years honorary secretary of
the Halifax branch of the Imperial Federation League and honorary secretary of
the Liberal-Conservative Association in Nova Scotia. With all the duties that
have been imposed upon him in his political and professional connections, he has
found time and opportunity to cooperate in the management of various suc-
cessful business corporations and interests. He is now the president of the
Western Canada Power Company and of the Corporation Agencies, Ltd., and
a director of several other important financial and industrial companies. He
has closely studied vital public problems, and he took a decided stand against the
Taft-Fielding reciprocity compact, against which he delivered various addresses
during the political campaign of 191 1. He has been termed a courageous, ready
and powerful speaker. He presents his arguments with clearness and force, and
their logic is convincing.

On March i, 1887, Mr. Cahan was united in marriage to Mrs. Mary J. Hether-
ington of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and they now reside at No. 740 University street.
Montreal, with a summer residence at "Belmont," Halifax, Nova Scotia. Mr.
Cahan's club relationship is with the Mount Royal and Montreal Clubs, Mon-
treal; the Halifax Club, Halifax; and the Jockey Club of Mexico. He filled
the presidency of the Dalhousie University Alumni Association in 1893-4. One
of the elements of his success is found in his ability to entirely concentrate his
thought and efforts upon the question or work in hand and then turn with
equal enthusiasm and capability to his next duty or undertaking. The trend of
his mind is analytical, logical and inductive, and as a corporation lawyer he
stands among the foremost representatives of the profession in Montreal

LEANDRE BELANGER.

Leandre Relanger, for forty years or more one of the most jiroininent
notaries of the province of Quebec, was born March 29, 1848, at St. I''rancois
de Sales, Laval county. His father, Leandre Belanger, was a carriage maker
by trade and married Marie Nadon. I lis grandfather, ]<"rancois Belanger, was
a farmer of Laval county.

In his native village Leandre Belanger, jr., s|)cnt his boyhood and was
educated at Terrebonne College. I'or five years he studied law in the office of

LEANDRE BELANGER

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 589

Melasippe Prevost in Terrebonne and on the nth of June, 1871, was com-
missioned a licensed notary in Quebec. For a year thereafter he engaged in
practice at St. Francois de Sales, but, seeking a more extensive field, he located
in Montreal on the ist of May, 1872, and in this city soon built up a large and
lucrative practice. Until 1909 he was alone in practice, but in that year formed
a partnership with his son Adrien under the name of Belanger & IJelanger, with
offices at No. 30 St. James street. For twenty-five years Mr. Belanger has been
a member of the board of notaries of the province of Quebec and for three years
served as president of that board. For eight years he was president of the
Montreal Association of Notaries and his contemporaries in the jirofession
accord him a high position in their ranks. He has been a member of the Anti-
quarian and Numismatic Society for many years, and he is also a member of
the Chambre de Commerce.

Mr. Belanger is a member of the Catholic church and of L'Union Catholique
and has served as a director and vice president of the latter. In politics he has
ever remained independent. In 1870 he was married at St. Francois de Sales,
to Claire \'iger, and they became parents of two children : Joseph, a resident of
St. Hyacinthe; and Maria, the wife of Dr. Archambault, of Fall River, Massa-
chusetts. In 1879 Mr. Belanger was married, in Montreal, to Miss Laura V'iau
and they have seven children : Leandre, an electrician in Montreal ; Adrien, who
is in partnership with his father ; Armand ; Laura ; Evelina ; Antoinette ; and
Alice. The family home is on St. Catherine road in Outremont.

HON. LOUIS ONESIME LORANGER. •

Hon. Louis Onesime Loranger, whose name is prominently associated with the
history of Montreal's judiciary, retired from the bench in May, 1910, but has
never ceased to feel a deep interest in his profession or in the great and vital
problems which are most closely connected with the welfare and progress of
the country.

He was born at Yamachiche in the province of Quebec on the 7th of April,
1837, a son of the late Joseph and Marie Louise (Dugal) Loranger. In the
acquirement of his education he attended Montreal College and St. Mary's Col-
lege, the latter a Jesuit school of Montreal, and in preparation for the bar, having
determined to make the practice of law his life work, he began a thorough course
of reading and on the 3d of May, 1858, was admitted to practice at Montreal.
He then joined his brothers, Hon. T. J. I. Loranger, late judge of the superior
court and the late J. M. Loranger, K. C. They acquired an extensive practice
and, in fact, were accorded a large share of the most important law work in the
city during the greater part of the later half of the ninteenth century. Mr. Louis
O. Loranger was created a king's counsel by the Marquis of Lome in 1881 and
the honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Laval University in
1901. He continued in the active profession of law until appointed judge of the
superior court for the district of Montreal in 1882, and remained upon the bench
for twenty-seven years, or until May. 1910, when he entered into the enjoyment

of a full pension.
Vol. 111—20

590 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Judge Loranger's public service aside from his connection with the judiciary
has been extensive and of an important character. He was alderman of Mon-
treal from 1868 until 1879, covering a period of eleven years, and he sat for
Laval in the local legislature for a period of seven years, or from 1875 until 1882.
He was attorney general in the Chapleau administration- from 1879 until 1882.
It was upon his retirement from that position that he was made puisne judge,
continuing upon the bench for twenty-seven years thereafter. His public service
also covers incumbency in the office of president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society
in 1895-6. In 1906 he was elected governor of Laval University and the same
year was made president of Notre Dame Hospital.

Judge Loranger was twice married. In 1867 he married Marie Anne Rosalie
Lafranboise, a daughter of the late Hon. Mr. Justice Lafranboise. To them
were born seven children : Louise, the deceased wife of Henry Alasson ; Louis
J., a prominent advocate of Montreal, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this
volume; Adele, now 'Mrs. H. Prefontaine; Caroline, now Mrs. Hubert Desjar-
dins ; Joseph, a well known advocate of Montreal; Maurice, a well known attor-
ney of this city; and Rosalie, now Mrs. Emile Chaput, of Montreal. The mother
of these children died in May, 1883, and Judge Loranger was again married in
May, 1888, his second wife being Mrs. Antonette (Valois) Verin, a daughter of
the late S. Valois.

Hon. L. O. Loranger is a communicant of the Roman Catholic church. He
belongs to Club Lafontaine and is an advocate to conservative principles. He
enjoys high reputation as a lawyer and as a debater and still takes an 'exceedingly
active interest in political affairs. He has long since passed the Psalmist's span
of three score years and ten, having now reached the age of seventy-seven, but
in spirit and interest seems yet in his prime. Old age need not necessarily suggest
inactivity; on the contrary, there is an old age which grows stronger and better
mentally and morally as the years go by and gives out of the rich store of its
experience for the benefit of others. Such is the record of Hon. Louis Onesime
Loranger, whose opinions carry weight in many councils and are always worthy
of an interested hearing.

EDOUARD O. CHAMPAGNE.

Edouard O. Champagne, superintendent of the department of boiler inspec-
tion for the city of Montreal, has been connected with that department of the
city government for thirty-five years, during which time he has established a
reputation for capability and efficiency in his line that is probably unsurpassed
on the continent. Thoroughly progressive and up-to-date, he has kept fully
abreast of the advancement made in all lines of manufacture and usage affecting
his department.

Mr. Champagne comes from one of the old and pnnnincnt families of the
province, a family whose members for nearly two hundred and fifty years have
been identified with provincial history and have been regarded as of the highest
type of French-Canadian citizenship. Edouard O. Chamjiagne was born at Sorel,
Quebec, in 1848. His education was ac(|uired at the Christian Brothers College,

EDOUARD 0. CHAMPAGNE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 593

where he excelled in mechanical drawing and civil engineering and also at the
John Allan Model and Classical school of Sorel. He served his apprenticeship
as a machinist in the St. Lawrence engine works, after which he was for four-
teen years employed on steamboats on the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers and
Lakes Champlain, Erie and Ontario in his professional capacity.

His splendid record as an engineer of various boats induced the harbor
commissioners of Montreal to engage him to run the St. Peter, their best boat,
which was never outdistanced during the four years in which he was in charge.
In 1872 he obtained a first class certificate from the federal government as a
mechanical engineer, being the first French-Canadian to whom was accorded
that distinction. In 1879 he was appointed boiler inspector for the city of
Montreal by a council, the majority of whose members were English-speaking.
His experience has enabled him to solve many of the difficult and intricate prob-
lems that arise in connection with the operation of engines, pumps, steam plants,
elevators and water and gas plants. In a word, he has expert scientific knowl-
edge and practical mechanical ability and is splendidly cjualified for the onerous
and important duties which devolve upon him in this connection. As an exam-
ple of his capability, as well as the value of his services to the city, mention
might be made of the heating apparatus of the public baths. In July, 1913,
when the question of heating water for the public baths was being considered by
the city officials, various types of expensive and complicated apparatus were
shown and inspected. The expense of installation, as well as that of fuel and
maintenance, represented a large sum if any of those systems had been adopted.
Mr. Champagne had given the matter some thought and, with a system of
entirely his own planning, offered to install an efficient and economical apparatus
for that purpose. How well he succeeded may be inferred from the fact that
at an expense of ten dollars he secured the same result, in less than one-half
the time, that a system costing ten thousand dollars would have accomplished.
.Three such equipments were supplied by him, representing a first cost saving of
thirty thousand dollars to the city. Being in the city's employ, he waived all
claims to remuneration as an inventor. The city's requirements in the future
will call for a number of such installations, each one of which will mean a sav-
ing of an additional ten thousand dollars.

At their annual meeting in 1880 the various members of the Association of
Boiler Inspectors of the United States and Canada were invited to submit
designs from which the organization's official seal was to be selected. Mr. Cham-
pagne, through illness in his family, was unable to attend this meeting. How-
ever, he submitted the design he had planned, and it was adopted. This has
ever since been in use as the official seal of the association. The first impression
made from the seal, together with a small photogravure of the original drawing,
were sent to Mr. Champagne by the officials. The design of the seal is unique
and highly appropriate, containing accurate drawings of sixteen dangerous types
of boilers which form its circular border. Mr. Champagne has frequently been
called upon as an expert in determining causes of boiler explosions, and in matters
generally pertaining to his line of business there are few, if any, better posted
men in the Dominion.

Mr. Champagne is also a noted marksman and one of the best snapshots in
the Dominion. He came into permanent possession of several challenge cups

594 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

as evidence of his skill. Few men would probably display more modesty over
achievements of equal importance and significance than he has done.

In 1895 he came into public notice through his heroism at the Longue Pointe
Asylum fire, when he and Chief Benoit saved the lives of over ninety inmates.
It is characteristic of him that he never considers himself in the presence of
imminent danger, and his faithfulness and fidelity in public service have won
him the confidence and high regard of all who know aught of his career. As
a citizen he represents the best of the French-Canadian type, has reared an ex-
cellent family and, with them, is highly esteemed and respected.

HON. FRANCOIS XAVIER CHOQUET.

Hon. Francois Xavier Choquet, judge of the juvenile court, Montreal, since
Januarj' 2, 1912, is uniformly recognized as an eminent legist and jurist, as well
as an able member of the judiciary. He occupied for many years a position of
distinction at the Montreal bar, where his name figured in connection with the
court records of some of the most prominent cases heard in the province.

Judge Choquet was born on the 8th of January, 185 1, at Varennes, in the
province of Quebec. His father, Jean Baptiste Choquet, was a farmer at
Varennes and descended from one of the oldest French families in the province,
while the mother of Judge Choquet, Adeline Provost, a daughter of Amable
Provost, also belonged to an old and honorable family.

The Choquet family has been identified with the history of the province
since 1665, the founders, who originally belonged to Picardie, France, settling
in Canada in that year.

Judge Choquet added to the fundamental principles of education the knowl-
edge acquired in attendance at L'Assomption College, the Montreal Seminary
and McGill University, being graduated from the last named in 1874 with the
B. C. L. degree, having determined to make the practice of law his life work.
In the meantime he had studied law under Sir La Jette and Senator Beique, in
the firm of Jette & Beique. and after being called to the bar on the loth of Jan-
uary, 1875, '16 began the practice of his profession in Montreal as a partner of
his former law preceptors, being admitted to the firm of Jette & Beique, where
he remained about four years. Subsequently he practiced alone for six years,
•during which time he acquired a clientele that was not surpassed by any of his
contemporaries. He afterwards became partner in the firm of Mercier, Beau-
soleil & Choquet, so continuing from 1884 until 1892, when the senior partner,
the late Hon. Honore Mercier, withdrew, and the firm style of Beausoleil &
Choquet was adopted. Judge Choquet was created a king's counsellor by the
Earl of Alierdeen on March 7, 1893.

Many important duties have devolved upon him, either in the direct or in-
direct path of his profession. He was a royal commissioner to revise the charter
of Montreal in September, 1897, and was appointed judge of the session of the
peace, police magistrate, and license commissioner of Montreal on the 27th of
December, 1898. He was also appointed an extradition commissioner under the
extradition act, July 20, 1901. In mure strictly professional lines his service as

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HOX. FRANCOIS X. CHOQUET

HISTORY OF AlONTREAL 597

a member of the council of the Montreal bar continued from 1894 until 1897, and
he was appointed a delegate to the general council of the bar of the province of
Quebec.

He has been a continuous student of his profession, constantly broadening
his knowledge by reading, study, research and investigation until today his opin-
ions are largely accepted as authority concerning any vital legal problems.

In the course of his professional career, Judge Choquet successfully handled
many important railway and municipal cases. He made a special study of the
law relating to transportation matters and also the laws governing municipal
affairs, while on the law of elections, the Montreal Herald has referred to him
as "the highest authority of the province."

In June, 1884, Judge Choquet was married to Miss Marie Caroline Barry, a
daughter of John E. Barry, of Saguenay and Trois Pistoles. Both Judge and
Mrs. Choquet are prominently connected with the Montreal Children's Aid Society,
of which he was president for some time, while Mrs. Choquet has been vice
president. He is also president of the Cooperative Funeral Expense Society.
Their religious faith is that of the Roman Catholic church, and Mrs. Choquet
was granted an audience by the pope in 1906. Judge Choquet is vice president
of the Shawinigan Fishing Club, holds membership also with the Engineers and
Winchester Clubs, and has been president of the latter for ten years. He resides
at No. 814 Dorchester street, West, Montreal, through the winter seasons and
has a summer home at Rigaud, P. Q.

HON. LOUIS TELLIER.

On the list of representatives of the judiciary of Montreal appears the name of
Hon. Louis Tellier, puisne judge of the superior court of the province of Quebec.
A native of Berthier, Quebec, he was born on the 25th of December, 1844, a son
of Zephirin Tellier of Ste. Melanie d'Aillebout and Luce Ferland, the latter a
daughter of V. Prisque Ferland. After attending Joliette College Louis Tellier
was called to the bar in 1866. and thus for almost half a century he has been
a representative of the legal profession in the province. For a number of years
he held the office of deputy prothonotary of the superior court, also deputy cleric
of the circuit court and deputy clerk of the peace and of the crown for the dis-
trict of St. Hyacinthe. He had studied law under the late Mr. Baby, who
became a justice of the court of queen's bench in the province of Quebec, and
afterward under Mr. Chagnon, who became a judge of the superior court for
the province of Quebec in the district of Iberville, and had come to the bar well
equipped for the honors and responsible duties of the profession. His ability
was early manifest in the manner in which he prepared and conducted his cases,
and in 1873 he was appointed crown prosectitor for the district of St. Hyacinthe.
He also became a recognized leader in political as well as in legal circles, and ir>
1878 he was elected to the house of commons for the St. Hyacinthe riding at
the general election and sat for that district until 1882. He was appointed queen's
counsel in 1882 by the Marquis of Lome. He resumed the practice of law and
was raised to the bench as puisne judge of the superior court of the province

598 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

of Quebec by the Marquis of Lansdowne on the 12th of November, 1887. He
was appointed for the district of St. Hyacinthe, succeeding Justice Sicotte, but in
1903 he was removed to the district of Montreal, where he now presides. His
decisions on the bench are models of judicial soundness, showing a comprehen-
sive grasp of the law with ability to accurately apply its principles.

On the 26th of May, 1868, Judge Tellier married Hermine, daughter of the
late Dr. A. Malhiot. She died in 1878, and on the i8th of July, 1882, Judge Tel-
lier married Elzire Hamel, daughter of Joseph A. Hamel, collector of customs in
St. Hyacinthe division. Her death occurred October 6, 1906. On the 26th of
January, 1914, the Judge married Mrs. Jules Richard whose maiden name was
Regina Rover and who was the widow of Jules Richard, advocate, practicing his
profession at Sherbrooke in the district of St. Francis. Judge Tellier has three
sons and five daughters.

He is an administrator of Laval University and is a member of the Catholic
church. His mind is naturally analytical, logical and inductive, and his clear reas-
oning finds expression in judicial opinions from which colleagues and contemp-
oraries seldom take exception.

HENRY JOHNSTONE ELLIOTT.

Henry Johnstone Elliott, senior member of the law firm of Ellitott & David,
has been a lifelong resident of Montreal, and is a son of the late Hugh Elliott.
He received his early education in the schools of his native city and pursued
his preparation for the bar at McGill University, from which he was graduated
B. C. L. in 1898. The same year he began practice as an advocate, and ten years'
successful work as a representative of the legal profession won him position
among tlie king's counselors, being created such in 1908. He understands thor-
oughly the necessity for careful preparation before presenting his cause in the
courts, and in the trial of cases it is seen that his knowledge of the law is exact
and comprehensive, while in the ajsplication of legal principles he is seldom if
ever at fault.

Mr. Elliott finds enjoyment in golf, and interest and recreation in various
outdoor sports, exercises and athletics. He belongs to the Beaconsfield Golf
Club, Outremont Golf Club, Montreal Athletic Association, the Engineers Club
and the Temple Club, all of Montreal. His religious belief is that of the Angli-
can church and he has been a delegate to the synod.

REV. MALCOLM A. CAMPI'.ELL.

Rev. Malcolm A. Campbell, pastor of the First Presljyterian chnrcii of Mon-
treal and known in that city as a man of superior attainments and of active relig-
ious zeal, was born in Bruce county, Ontario, ( )ctober 10, 1875. He acquired
his education in high school at Port Elain, in his native province, and later
attended the Collegiate Institute at Owen Sound. He sup])lemcntc(l ihi.s- by a

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 599

course in McCIill University and in the Presbyterian Collegt; at Montreal, from
which he was graduated in April, Kpg. He was ordained in the following Octo-
ber and in January, 1910, became minister of the First Presbyterian church of
this city, a position which he still retains. This is one of the most important
parishes in Montreal, being a combination of St. Gabriel's and Chalmers Pres-
byterian churches, the former the first Protestant church in Canada. Rev. Camp-
bell brings to the duties of his responsible position well directed energy, unflag-
ging zeal and a firm belief in the importance of the work in which he is engaged,
and the results of his labors are seen in the excellent condition of the ]jarish and
its constant growth.

On the 26th of October, 1910, Rev. Campbell was united in marriage to Miss
Louise Crippen, of Trout River, New York. He is a member of the Masonic
order, being grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Quebec province, and he is
widely and favorably known in Montreal, where he is recognized as a man sin-
cere in his aims and purposes and one whose honorable and upright life is always
in strict conformity with the doctrines which he professes.

ARTHUR JO.SEPH RICHER, M. D.

In preparation for the onerous and difficult duties and responsibilities of the
profession Dr. Arthur Joseph Richer has studied under eminent physicians and
surgeons of the old world and the new, and his labors have manifestly been of

marked value to his fellowmen, especially in the conduct of the Brehmer Rest,
a sanitarium promoting a preventive treatment for tuberculosis.

He was born at Upton, P. Q.. November 16, 1868, and is a son of Damase
and Celina (Larvie) Richer, of Antonvale, P. Q. His education was acquired
at Sabrevois Mission College and in Bishop's College at Lenno.xville, P. Q., where
he was accorded the degrees of M. D. and C. M. in 1892. Since that time he has
taken post-graduate work in New "N'ork and for a year and a half he was connected
with the Pasteur Institute of Paris. He was also assistant under Dr. Roux in
his private laboratory, and under his guidance and that of Pasteur MetchkinolT
and others. Dr. Richer performed many successful experiments. Later he was
assistant at L'Ecole de Pharmacie Supcrieure at Paris for a short time and was
appointed house surgeon at the faculty surgical clinic at Krakow, Austria, in iSq^.
He next went to Breslau for a winter's study before returning to Canada. At
different times he was a student at Dresden, Leipzig, Halle, Berlin and Hamburg
and was an assistant in the laboratory of physiology of the faculty of medicine
of Paris.

Dr. Richer returned to Canada in 1897 and located for practice in Montreal
He has since carried on an active crusade against tuberculosis in this countrv.
The scheme of a recuperative home such as Brehmer Rest at Ste. Agathe des

Monts was suggested by Dr. Richer. He has been a lifelong worker in fighting
the dread disease and in the early spring of 1905 Brehmer Rest was opened as
the result of his untiring eiTorts. In his first annual report concerning the insti-
tution he said : "When we select for treatment convalescents from pneumonia,
pleurisy, and typhoid fever, as well as those affected with anaemia, chlorosis and

600 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

debility, we do so with a definite object in view. Nine-tenths of those affected as
above will inevitably become victims of tuberculosis.

"If they can be treated and trained before they become a prey to the dread
scourge, the saving is evident from every viewpoint. In the pre-tuberculosis
stage a patient can be restored to health in eight or ten weeks ; when tuberculosis
has developed it becomes a matter of as many months. At the last Internationa!
Congress, held in Paris, October, 1905, one of the delegates present expressed
his opinion in very strong terms regarding the treatment of the conditions of
disease known as 'pre-tuberculosis;' they comprise the group above mentioned.
In this respect Brehmer Rest stands out as supplying an actual need, and enjoys
the unique distinction of being the first institution in the world devoted to that
special class of work. Brehmer Rest has undoubtedly anticipated the movement
of the future, particularly when considered in the light of the statements recently
made by Von Behring in connection with his method of vaccination against tuber-
culosis. The new product (Tulase), which this distinguished scientist offers to
the world, is a substance extracted from the cultivated germ of the disease (tuber-
culosis), so modified as to impart resisting power to the human organism without
impairing health. It is markedly curative in the first stage of the disease, thus
its action is twofold, protective and curative."

Dr. Richer's eiTorts along this line have gained him not only national but
international fame and distinction. His name is known on the other side of the
Atlantic as well as on this, and he has joined hands with the men of earnest
purpose who are using the highest scientific skill and knowledge to blot out the
dread disease. His labors have been effective in hundreds of cases and thus his
life work has been a valuable contribution to mankind, placing him with the
benefactors of the race.

JOSEPH TREMBLAY.

Joseph Tremblay, chief of the Montreal fire brigade, was born at St. Isidore,
a little village a few miles from Montreal, where his parents were the proverbially
poor but honest French-Canadian small farmers. His education was the usual
course of reading, writing and arithmetic gleaned from the village priest. At
the age of twelve years he left school and the farm, thinking to find more con-
genial and profitable occupation in the city. He made his way to Montreal with all
his earthly possessions tied in a bundle, after the manner of Dick Whittington of
old. At that period he knew no English, but he had little difficulty in finding a
position as errand boy with one Beauvais, a merchant tailor of Chaboillez Square.
Being an errand boy had small attractions in those days and it did not suit Joe
Tremblay to remain one for long. He, therefore, gathered up his bundle, put his
money in his sock and departed for the United States. For a while he lingered
on that side the border, learning many lessons in the school of experience which
have since been of much use to him. Following his return to Montreal he sought
to establish himself in the tailoring business, which he had followed during his
sojourn in the United States. He located at Ste. Cunegonde, then a separate
municii)ality south of W'estmount and north of Point St. Charles. Thcrq he

JOSEPH TREMBLAY

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 603

hung out two neat Ijrass signs, one of which read Joseph Tremblay, Tailleur, and
the other Joseph Tremblay, Tailor, thus soliciting business from both the Eng-
lish and French population. While he was then ready for business, it appeared
that business was not ready for him. F. Rcecher Edwards, in an article in a Mon-
treal paper, said:

"Fate, wishing to do some good to poor old Montreal for a change, glimpsed
one Josejih Tremblay working busily in his little tailoring and men's furnishing
shop on the southwestern borders of the city. Whereupon, things went very badly
for the said Joseph Tremblay in his little tailoring and men's furnishing busi-
ness. People to whom he owed money camped on his doorstep and people who
owed liini money left for parts unknown in the dead of night, so Joseph Tremblay
put up the shutters on his little tailoring and men's furnishing shop on the south-
western borders of the city and went into the Ste. Cunegone fire department.
Consequently the Montreal tire de]iartment is today a thing to be proud of in a
city which has little enough reason to be proud of the vast majority of its civic
enterprises.

"Fate, it will be observed, may be a trifle circumlocutions in her methods,
but she gets there in the end. So we may thank fate that made Joseph Tremblay
an unsuccessful tailor and haberdasher, for the fact that during the tragic Christ-
mas week — 1913 — when through somebody's outrageous blundering the greater
portion of this great Canadian metropolis went inadvertently dry; when the
fire menace, ever present, hovered more threateningly over thousands of human
lives and millions of dollars worth of property, because of the fact that our strong-
est barrier of defense was broken down with the collapse of a few feet of un-
stable concrete somewhere out beyond Point St. Charles, we may thank fate for the
fact that we had at the head of the Montreal fire department, deprived from no
fault of its own of its heaviest ammunition, a man of the quality, the resource
and the ability of Joseph Tremblay, the bad tailor who became one of the greatest,
if not the greatest of fire chiefs on the North American continent.

"At the time that Joseph Tremblay became a member of the fire department
he was much as he is now, with the exception of recent inclination to embonpoint,
a well set up, good looking man of above the average build and as strong as two
ordinary men. He had a brain, too, but they did not find that out until he had
been in the Ste. Cunegonde force at least a week, when it began to be hinted that
there was more to this young man than to the average. Six months after Joe
Tremblay joined the Ste. Cunegonde fire brigade the chief of the brigade retired
from office; whereupon, to the amazement of one and all, the Ste. Cunegonde coun-
cil made the new recruit, the man who had been an unsuccessful tailor, chief. This
may safely be put forward as the world's record for rapid promotion.

"In the course of time Ste. Cunegonde was annexed to Montreal and Chief
Tremblay became Sub-Chief Tremblay, in charge of the western division. This
was in 1906. In 1907 he was made a deputy chief to Chief Benoit and when one
year later the veteran retired in his turn Deputy Chief Tremblay became head of
the Montreal fire brigade.

"Chief Tremblay is an omnivorous reader of all literature appertaining to
fires and fire fighting and he is not above learning from other cities and makes
at his own expense at least one trip a year to the principal cities in the States
to see what helpful piece of information he can pick up.

604 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

"One of liis first oflicial acts was to institute an inspection system which was
largely instrumental in reducing the rates of fire insurance here. In 1905, 1906
and 1907 the fire loss was around nine dollars per annum per capita. In 1913 it
was something like two dollars and thirty-four cents per capita. He was respon-
sible for the introduction of automobile fire apparatus here; he started the fire-
men's drill school at Chaboillez Square, and he had the fire headquarters trans-
ferred from the City Hall to its present location on Craig street. The chief is
well known by sight to Montrealers. His inspiring figure has bulked large on the
horizon of many a panic stricken householder at hundreds of fires during the last
few years. He is a big, handsome man, and his very size begets confidence. He
works his men hard and he w^orks himself just as hard, for he believes that the
citizens should get full value for their money. He has one or two hobbies, all
of them connected with fire fighting, a high pressure system for the down town
district, a fire tug for the harbor and the placing of the firemen's benevolent fund
on a sound footing. Chief Joseph Tremblay is a man's size man and if there was
any doubt on the subject lingering in anyone's mind it was banished by the splen-
didly efficient manner in which he handled the appalling situation during the water
famine of December, 1913."

PAUL E. MERCIER.

Paul E. Mercier, one of the best known civil engineers in Montreal and
a member of the firm of Baulne &: Mercier, has won a position of high standing
in his profession. He was born at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, March 15, 1877.
His father was the late Hon. Honore Mercier, premier of Quebec, of whom a
more extended mention appears elsewhere in this work, while his mother previ-
ous to her marriage w^as Virginie St. Denis.

When four years of age Mr. Mercier was brought to Montreal and in the
schools of the city pursued his early education. He afterward attended St.
Mary's College and was graduated with honor from Ecole Polytechnique with
the Bachelor of Science degree in 1899. During his holiday periods he was
employed by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company and following the com-
pletion of his college course he went to the Yukon, where he spent a year as
assistant engineer of the Dominion public works and two years as district
engineer in the Yukon.

Following his return Mr. Mercier was for two years district engineer of
Dominion public works for the district of Quebec and from 1904 until 1907 was
engineer in charge of work of the National Transcontinental Railway. In the
latter year he returned to Montreal and opened an office as consulting engineer,
while in 1910 he formed a partnership with S. A. Piaulne, with offices in the
Shaughnessy Building. Reading between the lines one may see that his progress
has been continuous and that he has advanced step by step until he now occupies
a commanding position in engineering circles. His ability has increased through
experience and continuous study and investigation. He keeps abreast with the
leaders of the profession in all that pertains to his chosen life work and his
aliility has won him wide recognition and well earned reputation. In 191 1 he

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 605

was appointed professor of railway engineering at Ecole Polytechnique and in
1913 was appointed on the board of examiners for the Canadian Society of Civil
F.ngincers. On May 16, 1914, he was appointed deputy chief engineer of public
works of Montreal. He has important membership relations along professional
lines. He has been secretary of the Association des Anciens Eteves de L'Ecole
Polytechnique since its organization and he has been professor of transportation
and communication at I'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Montreal.
He is a member of the American Railway Engineering Association, the Quebec
Land Surveyors' Corporation, the Society of Civil Engineers of France and
the Association International Congress of Navigation. Mr. Mercier is also well
known in military connections. He is captain of the Corps of Guides of the
Canadian Volunteer Militia and organized and commands as major the Canadian
Officers Training Corps of Laval University.

On the 29th of June, 1901, Mr. Mercier was married, at Whitehorse, Yukon,
to Miss Marie Louise Tache, of Ottawa, Ontario, and their children are Simone,
Jeanne, Yvonne and Heva.

JAMES- MORGAN.

James Morgan, an influential citizen of Montreal, is perhaps best known as
president of Henry Morgan & Company, Limited. His activities, however,
have extended to other lines, all of which have proved beneficial to Montreal in
its material, civic or moral upbuilding. In the utilization of opportunities that
others have passed heedlessly by, he has achieved distinction and honorable
success, and yet the acquirement of wealth has been but one phase of his exist-
ence, never excluding his active participation in and support of other vital
interests which go to make up community and national life. He was born in
Glasgow, Scotland, a son of the late James Morgan, a native of Saline, Fifeshire,
who was associated with his brother, Henry Morgan, in the conduct of the
business now carried on by Henry Morgan & Company, Limited.

In early life James Morgan became a resident of Montreal and attended
the Montreal high school. He then became connected with the business founded
by his uncle and father, and gradually worked his way upward in that connec-
tion. Mr. Morgan, moreover, is president of the Colonial Real Estate Com-
pany and has been prominently connected with various other business enter-
prises of farreaching importance. He aided in promoting the British Columbia
Bank Note Company in 1904 and in organizing and developing the Montreal
Cement Company in 1905. He was likewise vice president of the Accident &
Guarantee Company of Canada, and in all these associations his judgment is
sound, while his ability to coordinate and unify seemingly diverse elements has
been one of the strong features in his growing success. While he has reached
the millionaire class, his business methods have ever been such as will bear the
cloest investigation and scrutiny, in that there is no esoteric phase in his entire
career and what he has accomplished, both for himself and the community at
large, represents the fit utilization of the innate powers and talents which are his.

5

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;

606

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Morgan was united in marriage to Miss Anna Lyman, a daughter of
Frederick Lyman, of Connecticut. They are influential members of the Church
of the ^Messiah (Unitarian) of Montreal, in which Mr. IMorgan is serving as
trustee. His interests and activities extend to many beneficient projects and to
those which spread culture and stimulate intellectual activities. He is a director
of the Montreal Horticultural and Fruit Growing Association and one of the
principal promoters of the Alontreal Citizens Association, of which he is now
_difeetor -and treasurer. He was likewise one of the promoters of the Montreal
Board of Control, but declined election thereto. He is one of the governors of
the ^Montreal General Hospital and is interested in various projects seeking to
meet public needs along broad humanitarian lines. He is a councillor of the
National Historical Society, belongs to the St. Andrews Society, to the ^lon-
treal Art Association and to the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society. He is
also a member of the Canada and the Reform Clubs. His life has been one of
intense and well directed activity, fruitful of good results for the general public
as well as for himself.

^

X

ANSELME SERAPHIN DEGUIRE.

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Anselme Seraphin Deguire enjoys high distinction as a lawyer and has also
given much evidence of his public spirit in his position as alderman of the
city of Montreal. He comes of an old Canadian French family, the earliest
ancestor recorded in Abbe Tanguay's Dictionnaire being Frangois De Guire,
who was born in 164 1 and who died at Montreal. In 1669 he married Mile.
* Rose Colin, born in 1641, and they became the parents of nine children.

Anselme S. Deguire was born at Cote des Neiges on the 25th of November,
1874, a son of Seraphin Deguire and Alphonsine Pilon of Ste. Anne de Bellevue.
The father was a gardner by profession. Mr. Deguire of this review studied
at Montreal College, from which he was graduated in 1895 with the degree of
B. A., and afterwards took a law course at Laval University. He was admitted
to practice in 1901. Immediately afterwards he interested himself in munici-
pal affairs and his aptitude along financial lines made him valuable in a num-
ber of important positions which he held in the administration of the village of
Cote des Neiges. Under his leadership the proceedings to erect the village into
a town were successfully completed.

As a lawyer Mr. Deguire soon secured a select clientele, no long novitiate
awaiting him in his practice. He is one of a coterie of lawyers, or more cor-
rectly, he continues the traditions of a coterie of lawyers who had their origin
in Cote des Neiges and several of whom were well known and very prominent.
.Such were the late Judge Madore and Judges Charbonncau and Demers. Mr.
Deguire is universally esteemed by his fellow citizens and since the annexa-
tion of Cote des Neiges to the city of Montreal, of which annexation he was
an ardent advocate, he has been its representative in the Montreal city hall.
He was elected first for the Cote des Neiges ward in 1910 and reelected by
acclamation in 1912.

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ANSELME S. DEGUIRE

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 609

At the Church of St. Louis de France, on the i8th of November, 1902,
Mr. Deguire married Mile. Aloysia Chopin, a daughter of the late Dr. J. Nestor
Chopin of Sault au RecoUet. Mr. and Mrs. Deguire have one son, Rene, born
January i, 1904. Mr. Deguire is not only a successful advocate and lawyer,
but a i)atriotic citizen and a splendid exanijile of a loyal French-Canadian. Fra-
ternally he is affdiated with the Royal Arcanum.

JOHN J. ARNTON.

\.

When death claimed John J. Arnton on the 13th of November, 1894, he was
the oldest real-estate man in Montreal in years of continuous connection with the
business in this city. Montreal numbers him among her native sons, his birth
having occurred in 1832. He began his business career with the firm of John
Leeming & Company and later practically succeeded to the business and good
will of the firm. He watched the notable development in real estate methods
and, keeping abreast of the progress of the times, met substantial success. Fie
was in business at the time of the real-estate boom of the '70s and he gained a
patronage as large as he could handle. Realizing fair profit from his real estate
negotiations, he was at length able to retire with a comfortable competence. The
integrity of his business methods was one of the features of his growing success,
and his progressiveness was also an element in his advancement.

Mr. Arnton entered the city council but retired before completing his term.
For some years he was a director of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and his
name was an honorable one on commercial papers. He was at one time president
of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society and was a man of generous spirit,
giving freely of his means to the poor and needy and extending a helping hand
to the unfortunate. He was survived by six children, when on the 13th of No-
vember, 1894, he passed away at the age of sixty-two years, leaving behind the
memory of a well spent life, fraught with many good deeds.

HOWARD WINTHROP PILLOW.

Howard Winthrop Pillow is the Montreal manager for the British American
Bank Note Company and is vice president and one of the directors of that cor-
poration. His position as one of the younger business men of the city is enviable.
He was born in Montreal, May 9, 1883, and is a son of John Alexander' and
Annie Elizabeth (Hillyer) Pillow. He attended Bishop's College School at
Lennoxville and for two years was a student in McGill University. With liberal
education to serve as the foundation, he has gradually worked his way upward,
the exercise of effort developing his latent powers and talents. He is now bend-
ing his efforts to administrative direction and executive control as the manager
at Montreal for the British American Bank Note Company, a position to which
he has attained by individual merit. He is the vice president and one of the

610 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

directors of the company and as such occupies a prominent and enviable position
in business circles.

On the 1st of October, IQ06, in Boston, Massachusetts, Mr. Pillow was mar-
ried to Miss Lucile E. Fairbank, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. L. G. Fairbank,
and they now have one child, Lucile Marguerite.

Mr. Pillow is a well known club man and much of the nature of his interests
and recreation, aside from business, is indicated in the fact that he belongs to
the St. James, Montreal and Beaconsfield Golf Clubs, the Automobile Club of
Canada, the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the Montreal Jockey Club,
the Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club and the Heather Curling Club.

XAVIER ARTHUR ROBICHON, M. D.

High on the list of Montreal's best known surgeons appears the name of Dr.
Xavier Arthur Robichon, who is a descendant of one of the old French families
of the province of Quebec. His great-grandfather, the first of the family to
come to Canada, was in early life a captain of French vessels. After arriving
in this country he established an iron foundry near Three Rivers, in the prov-
ince of Quebec. The Doctor's grandfather also followed the business of an
iron founder at that place and Nicolas Treffle Robichon, the father, was a
successful merchant at Three Rivers. He married Trenche Montague, who since
his death has resided in Montreal. Their children are : Nicolas Raoul, a civil
engineer of Montreal; Xavier Arthur; George Henri, an advocate of Three
Rivers; and Mastai, who died at the age of seven years.

Dr. X. A. Robichon was educated in a preparatory school in Three Rivers,
and at the Christian Brothers Ste. Ursule school at the same place, followed by
a five-years' classical course at St. Joseph College at Three Rivers, his classical
studies being completed in St. Mary's College in ^lontreal. where he spent four
years and where he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree, receiving
the medal of the governor general and the prize of excellency.

Upon the broad foundation- of literary learning Dr. Rol)ichon erected the
superstructure of professional knowledge. Immediately after the completion of
his course at St. Mary's he began the study of medicine at Laval University,
graduating summa cum laude in 190C, with the degree of M. D. The following
year he spent as interne in Notre Dame Hospital of Montreal, gaining the broad
practical experience which only hospital practice can bring. During the succeed-
ing two years he specialized in the study of surgery in Paris, France, and in
the summer of 1909 he entered upon active practice in Montreal as a general
surgeon, since which time he has devoted his attention exclusively to profes-
sional duties of growing volume and importance. Throughout this entire period
he has also been assistant demonstrator of anatomy at Laval University. He
is a member of La Societe Medicale de Montreal, and he has his office at No.
335 St. Denis street.

On the i8th of September, IQ07, Dr. Robichon was married iiy the arch-
bishop of Montreal, Monseigneur Paul Bruchesi, to Miss Flora Salvail, daughter
of Dr. Salvail, of Helena, Montana, and they are parents of five daughters,

X. ARTHUR ROBICHON

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 613

Claire, Jeanne, Alice, Lucieiinc and Estelle. Family and professional interests
divide Dr. Robichon's time. Upon his home and his practice his interest cen-
ters, and laudal)le ambition in the latter connection has brought him to a high
position, experience, wide reading and research con.stantly developing his skill
until he is now one of the foremost surgeons of the city.

DUNCAN McDonald.

The name of Duncan McDonald has long figured prominently in connection
with transportation interests. He has displayed a s])irit of enterprise and initiative
in all that he has undertaken, has operated along broad lines and has carefully
planned and executed ini[)ortant projects. He is now devoting his attention to the
supervision of various interests with which he is identified following his retire-
ment from the management of the Montreal Street Railway Conijiany. His in-
vestments largely have to do with transportation interests. He is president of the
Montreal Tunnel Company, which has reached a very active stage in its develop-
ment, and it is Mr. McDonald's [nirpose to give special attention to the rapid
inauguration and execution of the work.- He is also largely concerned in several
real-estate comjianies that are dealing with central Montreal property, as well as
large subdivisions in outlying municipalities. He is the president of the Pre-pay-
nient Car Sales Company with offices in the Hudson Terminal building at No. 50
Church street. New York, this being the operating company for all the various
"Pay-as-you-enter," "Pay-within" and other styles of pre-payment cars that are
being so rapidly adopted by the cities on this continent. He is also connected with
the International F-A-Y-E Tramcar Company, Limited, Broad street place, Lon-
don, E. C.

Mr. McDonald's operations in real estate have l)een of a mammoth character.
He was the original promoter of Dominion Park, which in its development and
sale has netted a splendid income for the investors, and he is at present vice presi-
dent of that enterprise. He is also a director of several industrial and transpor-
tation companies. He belongs to the Institute of Civil Engineers of France and
to the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Great Britain, connections which
indicate the recognition of his high standing and notable ability in the fields into
which he has directed his efforts.

JOSEPH PHILIPPE LAMARCHE.

Joseph Philii)pe Lamarche, a well known notary of Montreal, was born in
St. Henri de Mascouche, L'Assomption county, Quebec, January 29, i866. His
grandfather, Louis Lamarche, was a farmer of L'Assomption county. His father,
Joseph Olivier Lamarche, now eighty-one years of age, was for many years a
notary at St. Henri de Mascouche, where he yet resides. He married Helene
Mount, a sister of Dr. Mount, of Montreal, and her death occurred in April,
1874. To them were born three children: Josejih Philippe; George, a resident

614 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

farmer of St. Henri de Mascouche ; and Joseph S., a notary of Montreal. The
father has been a Hfelong conservative in politics and for many years was secre-
tary and treasurer of the municipality of St. Henri de Mascouche. In fact, he
has been a prominent figure in political, official and business circles there and is
today one of the honored and venerable citizens.

Joseph Philippe Lamarche was educated in the parochial schools of his native
town and in L'Assomption College, which he attended for six years, his course
there being supplemented by two years' study in the Ottawa University. During
the succeeding three years he was a student in the office of Coultee & Lamarche,
notaries of Montreal. In 1890 he won the degree of Baccalaureatus in Legibus.
In 1890 he began the practice of his profession in St. Henri de '^lascouche, where
he continued until 1903, when he removed to Montreal, where he has since suc-
cessfully practiced. He is thoroughly versed in the principles of the profession
and his ability is attested by his liberal clientage.

Mr. Lamarche was married in St. Henri de Mascouche to ]VIarie Rose Lam-
bert, and to them have come four children, Helene, Lambert, Philippe and Rita.
In politics Mr. Lamarche is a conservative and at the present writing he is filling
the office of commissioner to the superior court for the district of Montreal, his
creditable record commending him to the further support and confidence of the
public.

SIR JOSEPH HICKSON.

Sir Joseph Hickson, who in 1890 received the honor of knighthood at the
hand of Her Majesty in recognition of ability displayed in the management of
important and extensive railway interests, is classed with those to whom
Canada owes much of her greatness and her prosperity. He was born at Otter-
burn, Northumberland, England, in 1830, and acquired his education there.
Throughout his entire business career he was connected with railway interests,
first entering the service of the North Eastern Railway of England and thus
gaining his elementary knowledge of railway management and operation. He
left that corporation to a accept a position with the Maryport & Carlisle Rail-
way, in which capacity he served with credit until 185 1, when he went to Man-
chester and entered the service of the Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Rail-
way. Promotion rapidly followed in recognition of his capability, indefatigable
energy and perseverance, so that after ten years he became assistant to the gen-
eral manager, in which position his labors engaged the attention of Sir Edward
Watkin, chairman of the Grand Trunk Railway in Canada, who profifered him
the position of chief accountant of the Grand Trunk in Decemlier, 1861.

He left England for the new world in the following January and made his
way to Montreal, where he continued to reside until called to his final rest. Here
his ability and power soon gained further recognition and he was made secretary
and treasurer of the company, in which capacity he continued until the resignation
of C. J. Brydges, managing director of the Grand Trunk, in 1874, when Sir
Joseph Hickson succeeded as general manager of the road and system. The
policy which he inaugurated was soon felt as a dominant power in active man-

SIR JOSEPH HICKSON

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 617

agement and cooperation. One of his first acts was to sell to the federal govern-
ment the line between Point Levis and Riviere du Loup and with the proceeds of
this transaction he changed tilt old gauge of the road to the standard gauge of
American lines and thus effected coiniection with Sarnia and Chicago. The
wisdom of this move was soon manifest as it opened up a new field of enterprise
to the company and marked the beginning of that policy of affiliation and con-
nection which resulted to llic benelit of both countries before Sir Joseph Hickson
ceased to be an active factor in the control of an innnense system embracing five
thousand miles of track in the L'nited States and Canada. Sir Joseph served as
general manager until iJSip, when he retired from his arduous position after
receiving, early in that year, knighthood from Her ^lajesty, the late Queen
\ ictoria, in recognition of the ability which he had displayed in the management
of the Crand Trunk Railway System and of the valuable service he had ren-
dered in developing Canada and her resources. Under his management the road
had l)een rapidly and substantially imiiroved and extended, connections with other
lines being formed which have proven of great value in later years. Perhaps
the most valuable work which he undertook and accomplished was the establish-
ment of the direct line to Chicago wholly under control of the Grand Trunk
system. By this master stroke was secured the best paying portion for carrying
freight and at the same time gave to Canadian steamship companies a large
amount of the freight which they carried across the Atlantic. It was while Sir
Joseph Hickson occupied the position of general manager that the length of the
road in its main and collateral lines was extended from one thousand three hun-
dred and eighty-three to three thousand four hundred and eighty-seven miles.
In railway management he studied each vital question from every possible stand-
point and with almost judicial accuracy passed judgment upon the important
matters at issue. He was largely instrumental in carrying forward the great
engineering undertaking known as the St. Clair tunnel, which was completed in
i8qo at a cost of three million dollars. His work elicited attention from one end
of the country to the other, and he became one of the foremost representatives
of railway interests on the American continent.

On the 17th of June, 1869, Sir Joseph Hickson wedded Catherine, the eldest
daughter of the late Andrew Dow of Montreal. Mrs. Hickson is a native of
this city and was educated here. She has been prominently identified with the
Montreal League for the Prevention of Tuberculosis and was one of the pro-
moters of the Royal Edward Institute in 1909 and an active supporter of various
other similar bodies. She is also the vice president of the Montreal branch of
the Needlework Guild of Canada and h:is been termed by one of the city papers
"a queenly hostess." Sir Joseph and Lady Hickson had two sons and a daugh-
ter. The eldest, Joseph William Andrew Hickson, was educated at McGill Uni-
versity, winning the B. A. degree on completing the course in mental and moral
philosophy in 1893, wdiile in 1896 his alma mater conferred upon him the Mas-
ter of Arts degree. He won the Ph. D. degree in 1900 at the universities of Ber-
lin, Freiburg and Halle. He was lecturer and tutor in the philosophical depart-
ment of McGill University from 1900 until 1905, assistant professor of psychol-
ogy and lecturer on philosophy at McGill from 1905 until 1909 and has since been
assistant professor 'of metaphysics and logic. He is a contributor to the L^ni-
versity and other magazines and reviews, is a councillor to the Economic and

Vol. Ill— 27

618 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Statistical Society, is a member of the University Club and a member of the
board of management of the House of Industry and Refuge. He is an enthusi-
astic mountain climber and a well known clubman. 'belonging to the Blount Royal,
University and Political Economy Clubs of Montreal and the Alpine Club of
Banff. The second son, James Claud Hickson, graduated B. A. from McGill in
1S95 and, receiving the B. C. L. degree in 1898, is now engaged in active prac-
tice as a member of the law firm of Hickson & Campbell. He was created K. C.
in 1909 and is a life governor of the Alontreal General Hosiiital. He is well
known as a clubman, his membership being in Mount Royal Club, Canada Club,
Montreal Hunt Club. Royal Montreal Golf Club. .Montreal Curling Club, Lafontain
Club. Montreal Jockey Club, Montreal Racquet Club, Royal St. Lawrence Yacht
Club. I'niversity Club, and Constitutional Club of London, England. The daugh-
ter. Miss Mary Elizabeth Hickson. is well known as an author, having early con-
tributed tales and sketches to the magazines. She is also the author of two charm-
ing stories of French-Canadian life, "Madame Janvier's Church" and "The Call
of God."

Sir Joseph Hickson served as justice of the peace for Montreal and was in-
terested in several banking, commercial and industrial enterprises which he repre-
sented on the directorate. He was appointed by the Dominion government as
president of the roval commission on the prohibition of the liquor traffic. He
stood for all those interests which are effective forces in the progress and up-
building of city, province and country, and the position which he filled was one
of influence and honor.

HERBERT BROWN AMES.

Herbert Brown Ames, a deep student of the science of government and
avowed in his opposition to misrule in public affairs, has, through his prac-
tical efforts, the result of keen insight into situations, been instrumental in
bringing about various needed reforms and improvements. His public addresses,
too, have aided largely in shaping public opinion on the side of right and order,
and thus his value as a citizen can hardly be overestimated.

He was born in Montreal, June 27, 1863, his parents being the late Evan
Fisher and Caroline Matilda (Brown) Ames, both of whom w-ere born in the
United States. After mastering the elementary branches of learning Herbert
B. Ames became a student in Amherst College, of Massachusetts, from which
he was graduated in 18S5 with the Bachelor of Arts degree. He afterward
studied the French language and literature in France, and made his initial step
in business circles as a representative of the wholesale firm of Ames-Holden,
Ltd., of Montreal, with which he was actively connected until December, 1893.
He is still a repesentative of that corporation and one of its directors and is
likewise a director of the Dominion Guarantee Company, the Great West Life
Insurance Comj^any, the Royal X'ictoria Life Insurance Company, and a num-
ber of other jjrominent business concerns. As a merchant he has established
a reputation that places him in a prominent position among the leading and
representative business men of the citv. His efforts in that direction would

HISTORY OF MONTREAL _ 619

alone entitle him to distinctive mention in the history of Montreal, and yet
this is but one phase of his activity. He is periiaps even more widely known
because of his connection with efforts put forth in opposition to misrule in
municipal affairs, tie was particularly active in that direction during his service
as alderman from 1898 until 1906, during which time he promoted and advo-
cated many reform measures and projects, always working along conservative
lines. He was chairman of the municipal board of health from igoo until 1904,
and again his service was of notable value to the city. He had previously
filled the position of secretary of the Good Government Association and was
president of the Volunteer Election League, which bodies effected many reforms
in civic administration. His name is widely know-n, and in fact he has been
heard in many centers as a lecturer on Canadian political history and on prob-
lems of municipal government. He has been a frequent contributor to the
press, and among his notable articles are : The Machine in Honest Hands, pub-
lished in 1894; The City Below the Hill, A Sociological Study, ])ublished in
1897; The City Problem; What is it?, in 1901 ; and The Housing of the Work-
ing Classes, in 1907. These show wide research and deep insight into existing
conditions and point out various practical methods of improvement.

Mr. Ames was appointed a member and protestant secretary of the council
of public instruction for the province" of Quebec in 1895. The following year
he was elected to the presidency of the Young Men's Christian "Association of
Montreal, and the extent and importance of his work is further indicated in the
fact that he is a governor of the Montreal Dispensary and of the Society for
the Protection of Women and Children. He delivered an address in London,
England, before the chamber of commerce on trade interchange in 1904, and
was presented with a silver bowl by the same body in acknowledgment of his
personal services in connection with the visit of that organization to Canada in
1904. In 1909 he went as a delegate to the Imperial Commercial Congress at
Sidney, New South Wales, and as a member of that body moved for the
appointment of an advisory imperial council to consider questions of imperial
interest, especially those tending to promote trade between the various parts
of the empire.

Since the general election of 1904 he has sat for the St. Antoine division
of Montreal in the house of commons in the conservative interests, and in
March, 1909, succeeded in securing the appointment of a committee for the
revision of the assets of the Dominion. He is a very active worker in support
of conservative measures and movements, and his life work indicates his recog-
nition of the fact that education along broad lines and political activity are
the sources of a country's power and the foundation upon which is builded its
business. He was appointed one of the representatives of the house of com-
mons at the coronation of King George in London in 191 1.

In May, 1900, Mr. Ames was united in marriage to Miss Louise Marion
Kennedy, a daughter of John Kennedy. C. E. They occupy an attractive home
at No. 26 Ontario avenue, Montreal. Their religious faith is that of the Pres-
Dvterian church, and Mr. Ames holds membership in a number of the leading
clubs of the city, including Lafontaine, University, Montreal. Royal St. Law-
rence Yacht and St. James Clubs. He is a man of indefatigable energy and
unquestionably a force to be reckoned with in the public life of Canada. Even

620 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

those opposed to him pohtically recognize that he is a man to be trusted, that
what he promises he will do. His position is never an equivocal one and in his
entire career there is no esoteric phase.

ERNEST NICHOLSON BROWN.

Ernest Nicholson Brown was born in Lower Newcastle, New Brunswick,
on the I2th of July, 1867. His father, Robert Brown, went from Dumfries,
Scotland, to Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1823, and settled as a young man in
Miramichi, New Brunswick, in 1835. He married Ann Noble, of United
Empire Loyalist descent. Her grandfather fought on the British side at the
battle of Bunker Hill. James Nicholson, an uncle of Robert Brown fought at the
battle of Trafalgar and the medal awarded him for his services on that occasion
is now in possession of Mr. Brown.

After attending the high School at Chatham, New Brunswick, Ernest N.
Brown entered Dalhousie University at Halifax, from which he was graduated
in 1889 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He followed that course with
post-graduate study at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts, after
which he was "engaged for some years in teaching. In 1902 he won the degree
of Bachelor of Civil Law upon the completion of the regular course in law in
McGill University. He was admitted to the bar in the province 6f Quebec in
1902 and for two years was in practice in the office of Duncan McCormick,
K. C, while subsequently he became a member of the firm of Patterson & Brown,
and in igoS he became a member of the firm of Brown & Staveley.

Mr. Brov,n is a liberal in politics, and his religious faith is that of the Pres-
byterian church. In 1904, Mr. Brown married Miss Elizabeth Malcolm Eraser,
a daughter of the late John Eraser of Lachine Rapids, author of "Canadian
Pen and Ink Sketches", "Historic Canadian Ground" and various articles deal-
ing with points of interest in Canadian history, especiallv those connected with
the scenes of his boyhood in and about Lachine.

CHARLES BERNIER.

The name of Charles Bernier is a synonym for efficiency in architecture in
Montreal. A native of the province of Quebec, he was born at St. Jean Port
Joli, on the 17th of December, 1866. His father, Francis Bernier, was a con-
tractor and builder at St. Jean Port Joli and there died. The mother bore the
maiden name of Virginie Deschene.

Charles Bernier was educated in the schools of his native town and in the
Christian Brothers school at LTslet. When fifteen years of age he went to
Quebec, where he entered the ofifice of David Ouellet, a well known architect,
with whom he remained as a student for three and a half years. Through the
ensuing year and a half he was in the office of Ferdinand Peachy, a noted
architect of Quebec, and then, splendidly qualified for the profession, he

CHARLES BKRNIER

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 623

entered u])()ii active practice, which he successfully followed alone in Quebec
until |unc 24, 1903, when he came to Montreal. Here in connection with
Charles Brodcur he formed the partnership of Bernier & Brodeur, which con-
nection was maintained for seven years, and during that period their offices were
removed to 70 St. James street. Through the three succeeding years Albert
Menard was associated with Mr. I'.ernier in the firm of Bernier & Menard, and
since Mr. Menard's death Mr. Bernier has continued alone. He is accorded a
large clientage, for his ability places him am6ng those foremost in the ranks of
the profession. On all sides may be seen splendid evidences of his handiwork
as exemplified in some of the most beautiful and substantial structures of
Montreal,

Mr. Bernier was married in this city to Alma Diomie, daughter of Octave
Dionne, of Quebec, and they are parents of three daughters, Adrienne, Alice
and Anna. The religious belief of the family is that of the Roman Catholic
church. Mr. Bernier belongs to I^afontaine Club and to the Royal Arcanum, lie
is a man of refined, cultured tastes, quiet in manner and a deep student of sub-
jects relating to the profession, in which his standing is among the highest.

HON. AMEDEE GEOFERION.

Hon. Aniedee Geoflfrion, one of the recorders of Montreal, was born at
Varennes, in the province of Quebec, February 6, 1867, and was educated at
L'Assomption and Laval University. Liberal training qualified him for the
profession which he determined to make his life work and in 1889 he was
called to the bar. He began the practice of law at the age of twenty-one and
from the beginning made continuous progress. He was made King's Counsel
in 1905.

His activity, too, has been largely manifested along other lines. Not a little
of the progress made on the south side of the river in recent years is due to
his efforts and public spirit. .A consistent supporter of the progressive policy
of the government of Sir Lomer Gouin he has, since elected for \'ercheres in
1908, been identified with many noteworthy public projects that have assisted
materially in the development and improvement of the rural districts. The
movement for the improvement of existing highways in the county of Vercheres
has found in him a warm supporter. He has served the municipality of
I^ongucuil with efficiency and manifest approbation, first in the capacity of
recorder and afterward in that of mayor, holding the latter position since 1908.
He stands for all that works for civic betterment and improvement and is a
close student of the vital problems affecting the welfare of city, province and
nation. During the years of his mayoralty he has been the head of a highly
progressive administration. It has been during this period that the electric
railway has been brought to the town and that electricity has been installed for
lighting purposes, while cement sidewalks have been laid and the work of
improvement has been otherwise carried on along most progressive and bene-
ficial lines.

624 HISTORY OF AIONTREAL

In September, 1912. Mr. Geoft'rion was appointed by Quebec to the posi-
tion of recorder of the city of Montreal and is now filling that office with the
same capability and fidelity that he has displayed in other positions. None
question his public spirit nor his knowledge of the law, and he stands today with
those whose success has been builded upon the foundation of ability and lauda-
ble ambition.

LYON COHEN.

Lyon Cohen, merchant and contractor, of Montreal, Quebec, is a member
of L. Cohen & Son, coal merchants, and of W. R. Cuthbert & Company, brass
founders, and is proprietor of the Freedman Company, wholesale clothiers, the
Hibbard Company, Ltd., railway contractors, and General Improvement & Con-
tracting Company, Ltd., dredging contractors.

Thi.s has been termed the age of commercialism and it is the old world's
belief that new world residents are engrossed in money-making to the exclusion
of almost everything else. There are many examples, however, to the con-
trarv, and the life record of Lyon Cohen is one which proves that while suc-
cessfully conducting business affairs, time may also be found for active coopera-
tion in movements that tend to promote intellectual and moral progress, or
which relieve distress among the unfortunate ones of the world, - for he has
done much philanthropic and charitable work, while at the same time he has
wiselv and capably managed important mercantile interests. He was born in
Poland, Russia, Alay 11, 1868, a son of Lazarus Cohen. In early childhood
he was brought to Canada and attended the McGill Alodel School and also
the Catholic Commercial Academy of Montreal. He became a member of the
firm of L. Cohen iX: Son in 1891, and from the time when he i)ut aside his text-
books and entered business circles his progress has been continuous.

Mr. Cohen has attained a prominence in Montreal social and business circles
that necessitates a mention of him in any publication undertaking to represent
the leading citizens of the city. He has been prominently identified with almost
every movement looking to the betterment of Jewish conditions in this country,
and his labors have been effective forces in promoting the welfare of those of
his faith. He was one of the founders of The Jewish Times of Montreal, and
he was president for three years, 1904-5-6, of Shaar Hashomayim congregation,
the largest and most jirominent Jewish congregation in Canada. Interested
in the welfare of his people wherever they are found, he is treasurer of the
Canadian committee of The Jewish Colonization Association of Paris, and was
secretary of the Jewish rights committee. He is a life governor of The Mon-
treal General Hos])ital and of The Western Hospital, and was elected president
of The Baron de Hirsch Institute of Montreal in 1908. He did such sjilendid
work in that connection, that he was four times reelected, serving until the
end of 191 2. Upon his vohmtary retirement he was presented with an illumi-
nated address and handsome silver service. He is prominently identified with
a number of movements ; is member of juvenile court committee ; member of
executive of Child's Welfare Association, and was chairman of publicity of

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 625

Cliilfl's Welfare Exhibition, 1912 ; member of executive of Montreal improve-
niciil committee; honorary chairman of North End Synagogue; honorary presi-
dent of Young Men's Hebrew Association ; and chairman of Committee to
Federate Jewish Charities.

Mr. Cohen is a member of The Montefiore Club, of which he is a past
president ; he is also an ex-president of The Montreal Reform Club, being a
liberal in politics. A love of progress actuates him in all he does. He could
not be content to move forward at the pace which many men assume. He must
all the time be up and doing, for be is a man of action rather than theory, and
at all times the end accomplished indicates the wisdom of the methods he has
followed. ' d

Mr. Cohen was married in February, 1891, to Miss Rachel Friedman, a
daughter of the late Noah Friedman. They have four children, Nathan Bernard,
Horace Rives, Lawrence Z. and Sylvia L. Mrs. Cohen is also interested in
charitable work and is the founder and president of The Jewish Fndea\or Sew-
ing Society. The family residence is at 25 Rosemount avenue, Westmount,
Onebec.

ZIGMOND FINEBERG.

Under the name of Zigmond Fineberg & Sons is conducted a growing real-
estate and brokerage business. Mr. Fineberg was born in March, 1863, in
Poland, Russia, his parents being Moses Nathan and Agnes Fineberg, the
former a merchant. Among his ancestors were rabbis, physicians and lawyers
and capable business men. He pursued his education in Suvalk, Russia, and
became a government roads contractor of that country.

Attracted by the opportunities of the new world, and prompted i)y laudable
ambition to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic, Mr. Fineberg came to
Canada, settling in Montreal, where he embarked in business as a clothing
merchant in 1887. About seventeen years were devoted to that undertaking,
years which brought him a substantial measure of success and led to his activi-
ties along still broader lines. It was in 1904 that he turned his attention to real
estate, becoming a real-estate broker and finance agent, business being now
conducted under the firm style of Z. Fineberg & Sons at No. 62 St. James street.
He is thoroughly informed concerning property values, knows the real estate
that is upon the market and has himself been a large investor, not only in real
estate, Init in railway shares, so that his stocks and property holdings make
him one of the prosperous citizens of Alontreal. Moreover, in 1910, he founded
the Montreal Free Loan Association, of which he is the president. He belongs
to the Alontreal Board of Trade and is connected with many institutions of a
public nature, being formerly a director of the Baron fie Hirsch Institute, a life
governor of the l^aron de Hirsch Institute, a life governor of the Montreal
General Hospital, of the Hertzl Dispensary and of Mount Sinai Sanitarium.
He likewise belongs to the Montreal Citizens' .Association. He is an ex-member
and vice president of the Spanish and Portuguese synagogue, and he now holds
membership in the McGill College Avenue Synagogue.

626 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

In his native city of Prenn in 1885, Mr. Fineberg was married to Miss
Jennie Kirschberg, a daughter of the late Abraham Kirscliberg. The children
of this marriage are : Joseph, Nathan Samuel, Aaron Harry, Moe Newton,
Agnes and Max. The second son has won the degrees of Master of Arts and
Bachelor of Common Laws and is now engaged in the practice of the legal
profession.

Mr. Fineberg has held the offices of justice of the peace and commissioner
of the superior courts since 1903. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, the
Odd Fellows society and the Canadian Order of Foresters, and exemplifies in
his life the beneficient spirit underlying those organizations, recognizing the
brotherhood of mankind and the obligations of mutual helpfulness and kindli-
ness.

MATTHEW A. SAMMETT.

Matthew A. Sammett, one of the most competent electrical engineers in
Canada, was born at Baku, Russia, on the 2d of November, 1872. He was edu-
cated in a technical school in his native land and in 1893, when a young man
of twenty-one years, came to the new world. He continued his education by
attendance at night schools for a time and afterward entered the University of
California, where he pursued a four years' course, which he completed by grad-
uation with the Bachelor of Science degree in 1899. He immediately put his
theoretical training to practical test and joined the staff of the General Electri-
cal Company of Schenectady, New York, in which connection he obtained thor-
ough familiarity with modern electrical machinery and general engineering
practice. The ability which he displayed in that connection won him promotion to
the engineering department and in that position he made a close study of the
design of some of the alternating current machinery now in universal use. Each
step in his career has been a forward one, and each change in his business con-
nections has marked an advance. In 1902 he joined the engineering staff of the
Lachine Rapids Hydraulic & Land Company and after its amalgamation with
the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company was given charge of the testing
department of the new organization, his work embracing the testing of the vari-
ous kinds of electrical apparatus used in the transformation, control and meas-
urement of electrical energy. He also designed a complete line of highly efficient
transformers for lighting and power service.

During 1905 and 1906 Mr. Sammett conducted a jiopular course in applied
electricity at the Montreal Young Men's Christian Association.

In 1908 Mr. Sammett opened an office as consulting engineer in Montreal
and in this connection has gained a large and distinctively representative client-
age, including the Amalgamated Asbestos Corporation, Ltd. ; The Asliestos &
Asbestic Company, Ltd. ; The St. P'rancis Hydraulic Company, Ltd. ; Tiie Bromp-
ton Pulp & Paper Company; The Maritime Coal, Railway & Power Coni])any,
Ltd.; The Dominion Marlile Company, Ltd.; The Smart-Woods Company, Ltd.
He has also been retained in connection with municipal electrical undertakings.
The practice of his profession now makes heavy dcniaiKk upon liis time and

MATTHKW A. SAJIMETT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 629

energies, and in addition he is well known as a contributor to the technical press
of the United States and Canada. He has also prepared and read many scien-
tific papers before engineering bodies and is known personally or by reputation
to the entire electrical profession on the American continent. He has formed
many warm friendships by keeping in close touch with the progress of his pro-
fession as a member of the Canadian Mlectrical Association, the Canadian Society
of Civil Engineers and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

Mr. Sammett married Miss Eleanor Horwitz, and their children are four in
number, Frank Edward, Hazel, Helene and Pearl.' Mr. Sammett is a member
of the Canadian Club and possesses a genial cordial nature that has made him
popular, but he prefers to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs, in
which he has attained notable success. He is a self-made man. Commendable
ambition pointed out to him the way to success. He followed the path indicated
and is today occupying an advanced position as an electrical engineer.

HENRY MORGAN .>t COMPANY. LBHTED.

For nearly three-quarters of a century the name of Henry Morgan has been
inseparably interwoven with the mercantile progress and advancement of Mon-
treal and in more recent years, with the branching out of the house he founded,
it has taken a foremost position, in its various lines, among the big mercantile
and industrial institutions of the Dominion.

The Henry Morgan &' Company, Limited, of today, is the outgrowth of a
business established early in the year 1843, on Notre Dame street, a few doors
east of McGill street, by Henry ^Morgan and David Smith, under the firm name
of Smith & Morgan. From a small dry-goods house carrying only a limited
number of lines it has developed into a great and powerful departmental store
and what might be justly termed one of the mercantile successes of Montreal,
whose capabilities are almost as varied as the city's needs.

Flenry ^lorgan, the founder of this house, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland,
in 1819. and when a young man in his early twenties, came to Montreal, where
he entered into the dry-goods business, as previously stated.

The original location of Smith & Alorgan's store was soon found inadequate,
and in 1854 the business was removed to McGill street, just south of St. Joseph,
now Notre Dame, in a building occupied by Latineer. In i860 an addition was
made extending to Notre Dame street and when the old American Presbyterian
church, corner of ^'ictoria Square and St. James street, was removed, the
business was transferred to that location in more commodious quarters.

In 1852, Mr. Smith retired from the business, and that same year the firm
of Henry Morgan & Company was established, Mr. James Morgan of Glasgow,
Scotland, a brother, becoming a member at that time. The latter, a native of
Saline, Fifeshire, Scotland, had entered the dry-goods business early in life
and for a number of years was a member of the firm of Muirhead & Morgan,
of Glasgow. The personnel of the firm practically remained unchanged until
1876, when James and Colin D. Morgan, nephews of Henry Morgan and the

630 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

former a son of James Morgan, became members, and upon wbom most of the
burden of the business has fallen.

In i8gi, this firm completed on St. Catherine Street, opposite Phillips Square,
one of the finest business blocks in America, to which its mercantile business
was transferred. This move became necessary in order to meet the require-
ments of a constantly growing business, and a shift in the retail section to that
part of the city.

Mr. Henry Morgan, the founder of the business, died December 12, 1893,
at which time the Gazette said in part : "No Montreal merchant and not many
Canadian merchants could claim to be better known than Mr. Henry Alorgan,
who passed to his rest yesterday, after a busy, successful and well spent life
of almost seventy-five years. His character was marked by many of those
traits which have made men of Scottish birth so prominent a factor in the
upbuilding of Montreal's commercial prosperity. Mr. Morgan was of a some-
what retiring disposition. His store and his farm home at ]\Iaisonneuve divided
his time, and though he enjoyed a very large share of public respect, he never
sought to enter public life. He was unmarried. His death was due to influenza,
the cause of so many deaths of prominent men lately, acting on a constitution
weakened somewhat by previous illness. The funeral takes place today from
St. Andrew's church, of which he was an esteemed elder."

The death of Mr. James Morgan had preceded that of his brother but a
few months, and occurred on March 28, 1893, at which time the Gazette said
in part: "By the death of Mr. James Morgan, Sr., Montreal has lost one of its
oldest citizens and one who for well nigh half a century was an intelligent
sharer in its commercial and industrial progress. The deceased gentleman was
in his eighty-sixth year. Mr. James Morgan was a man of strong intellect,
diligently cultivated, an assiduous but judicious reader imtil his eyesight became
impaired, and his opinion on questions to which he had given thought was ever
listened to with attention. With few persons was it more profitable to converse,
especially on the higher themes of religion, philosophy and science. His views
were broad and so was his charity. Although as a business man he had little
spare time for writing, Mr. Morgan could wield an able pen and has written
not only prose but poetry. He was long an esteemed member of the Church
of the Messiah. But though a man of strong convictions, as he was a thorough
Scotchman, neither in creed nor in nationality was he of the narrow type."

The business of Henry Morgan 6k Company from its very inception, has
never been at a standstill, success following the firm's every move. In 1906 it
was incorporated as a limited liability company under the present title of Henry
Morgan & Company, Limited, with Mr. James Morgan, as president. The devel-
opment and expansion of this firm's interests have tome to include several large
factories which it owns and operates, among these being the foremost high
class wood-working plant in the Dominion, which places the company in a posi-
tion to build homes as well as to decorate and furnish them even to the smallest
detail. In this respect the firm has become widely known throughout Canada,
and its successful undertakings include decorative schemes and interior fur-
nishings of some of the finest homes in practicallv every province in the
Dominion.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 631

lis Ijusiness policy has always been one of absolute integrity and business
honesty, and this has exerted a strong inHuence upon the life of a great city.
The public who come in daily contact with the various branches of this great
organization readily feel that spirit of industry and enterprise that has made
possible the accomplishing of great things and the building of a great business
dedicated to the best interests of the public whom it serves.

HON. J.\MES McSHANE.

In the political history of Montreal during the past half century no name
has been more familiar to the people than that of the Hon. James McShane,
wlio in all of his public connections displayed a masterful grasp of every prob-
lem presented for solution combined with thorough understanding of human
nature and the springs of human conduct. A firm belief in the principles which
he advocated combined with the qualities of leadership eiialjled him to become
a directing' force in public affairs.

Mr. McShane was born in Montreal. November 7. 1833, a son of James
and Ellen (Quinn) McShane, who came from county Armagh, Ireland, and
settled in Montreal in the summer of 1833. The mother died during the cholera
epidemic of 1834.

After pursuing his early education under Daniel Mahoney, a well known Irish
schoolmaster of that period, and spending some years as a student in the .Sulpician
College, James McShane. at the ige of eighteen years, joined his father who
had become an extensive cattle exporter. The son eventually succeeded to the
business and it is a matter of history that he was the first to export cattle to
Europe, his first shipment of three hundred head being made October 5. 1S74,
on the steamship George, to Liverpool. For four years he also had the contract
to supply the British troops when they were stationed here.

While engaged in this business Mr. McShane, with the natural love of the
Celt for such matters, found time to devote to political problems and activities,
both municipal and federal. In 1863 he was a justice of the peace and for
twenty-one years he represented St. Ann's ward as an alderman. During those
years he became known as "the people's Jimmie," for he knew every man, w'oman
and child in the ward,, calling them by their Christian names and ever manifest-
ing deep and sincere solicitude for their welfare. He possessed a wonderful gift
of memory enabling him to readily recall names and faces and incidents con-
nected with the individual to whom he was speaking. All this made him per-
sonally popular and was an effective element in his leadershi]).

.\t various periods Mr. McShane represented Montreal West and Center
in the legislature, continuing to sit from 1878 until 1892. In the formation of
the Mercier cabinet he accepted the important portfolio of minister of public
works in which he continued in 1887-S. When the late Mr. Justice Curran
was raised to the bench in 1873 Mr. McShane contested St. Ann's division in
the liberal interests against Sir William Hingston whom he defeated. In 1891
and 1892 Mr. McShpne was mayor of Montreal, and his administration of munic-
ipal affairs was characterized by many needed reforms and improvements. In

632 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

1887 he was a member of the Quebec Interprovincial Conference, and he was
at one time president of St. Patrick's Society. He served as an officer in the
volunteer militia in the first administrative battalion in the Fenian raids of 1866
and was granted a medal for his service. He is now eighty years of age, but
is splendidly preserved physically and mentally, in both regards being the superior
of many men of sixty years. He possesses all the virtues and specific activities
of the sons of Erin. In 1910 when he was far past the span of life allotted
by the psalmist, he fell victim to an acute attack of pneumonia, but by sheer
force of will passed through a crisis after he was given up by his old family
physician and friend, Air. AlcShane remarking that "he felt quite fit and that
this business of making him stay in bed was only a joke."

Mr. McShane has been married twice. In 1863 he wedded Elizabeth Jane
Darrah, w'ho died June 25, 1867. In 1870 he married ]\liss Josephine Kathleen
IMeron of Plattsburg, New York, who died January i, 1910. Unto them were
born six children, three of whom survive the mother : Mrs. Richard Batry of
Montreal ; Mrs. Henry M. Tracy of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who has two
children : and Airs. Kathleen H. Buckley of New York city, who has five children.

HON. JEAN BAPTISTE ARCHAMBAULT.

Hon. Jean Baptiste Archambault, judge of the circuit court of Montreal,
took to his judicial duties an excellent record as a lawyer whose ability and
success had won for him a foremost place among the strong and forceful repre-
sentatives of the Montreal bar. A deep thinker, logical reasoner and well versed
in the science of his profession, he was eminently well fitted for the judgeship
to which he was appointed November 29, 1913.

He was born at St. Antoine, Vercheres county, P. O., on the 21st of March,
187 1, and comes from one of the old and prominent families of the province,
one that has given to the legal profession more members than any other one
family.

In the attainment of his education, Judge Archambault attended St. Hya-
cinthe Seminary and Laval University, winning the degrees of B. L. and B. C. L.
in 1895. From the outset the science of his profession, as well as its practical
phases, proved a strong attraction for him. He entered upon active practice in
1895 and soon demonstrated his ability to successfully cope with intricate and
involved legal problems.

His preparation of cases was always thorough and his presentation of a cause
marked by perspicuity. Plis standing among his professional brethren is indicated
by the fact that in 1905 he was chosen by the council of the bar of the province
of Quebec to assist in editing the judicial reports of the superior court and the
court of king's bench.

Vital political problems have always greatly interested him, and he has been
active and zealous in support of principles in which he believes. He was a
recognized leader of the conservative party in his native county and was a
candidate for the legislature in 1904. He has ever been a close student of the
signs of the times and the questions of the day, and although still a conservative

HOX. JKAX B. ARCHAMHAILT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 635

in principle he holds to more independent views than formerly, his comprehen-
sive study leading him to see many questions in a different light. He has been
spoken of as "a man who has thought out problems for himself and is an author-
ity on economics, political and social." He was one of the first to advocate
proportional representation in Canada, has delivered many lectures upon the
subject and has written man_\' articles which have done much to foster and pro-
mote the idea.

His wide general information is one of the strong elements of his power and
ability as a lawyer and jurist. His broad knowledge, which enables him to under-
stand life in its various phases, and his masterful grasp of every problem pre-
sented for solution, are qualities which, combined with a familiarity of the law
and with precedent, equip him for his work on the bench.

Judge Archambault withal is possessed of a genial nature, is kindly in spirit
and unfailingly courteous. He belongs to a number of the leading social clubs
and in their membership is most popular.

SIR HUGH ALLAN.

Sir Hugh Allan, one of the foremost men in the early development of Canada's
foreign commerce and the practical founder of the Allan line of steamships, was
a man whose initiative spirit enabled him to recognize, appreciate and under-
stand situations incomprehensible to men of less sagacity and insight. The suc-
cess of his undertakings made him one of the foremost figures in the history of
Canada's commercial greatness. He stood as a leading representative of navi-
gation interests and was almost eqully well known in jjanking and industrial
circles. Indeed many business interests profited by his cooperation and ability
and his memory is still honored by those who cherish the history of their country
and recognize its real upbuilders.

The identification of the Allan family with the shipping interests of the St.
Lawrence dated liack to about 1825, when Captain Alexander Allan sailed up the
river in the brig Favorite from Glasgow. There were no wharves then. The
vessel was assisted u\) the St. Mary's current lay oxen. The cargo was discharged
on the beach, over long planks.

Sir Hugh .\llan was 1he second son of Captain Alexander, and was born Sep-
tember 29, 18 10, in Saltcoats, County Ayr, Scotland. Sir Hugh Allan was in
his sixteenth year, when on the 12th of April, 1826, he sailed from Greenock for
Montreal on the lirig Favorite, commanded by his father, and on which his- eld-
est brother was second officer. They arrived in Montreal on the 21st of May.
Hugh Allan entered the employ of William Kerr & Company, and afterward
travelled for some time in the L^nited States. He then visited Scotland and a
year later returned to ^Montreal, where he secured a position with L Millar &
Company, shipbuilders and shippers. So excellent was his service in that con-
nection that after four years he was admitted to partnership and following the
death of IMr. ^Millar in 183S the business was conducted by the firm of Edmon-
stone & Allan, ship agents, shipbuilders, importers and general merchants. In
1846. Andrew Allan, a younger brother of Hugh's, was taken into the finn.

636 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

It owned a fleet of fast sailing vessels of about 350 tons register, full-rigged ships
which, with ice-blocks round their bows, pushed their way through the ice, so
that sometimes they would arrive in port on the 15th of April. In 1853 Hugh
Allan, who was a man of great tenacity of purpose, and at the same time of
remarkable foresight, saw that the time had come for the building of iron ships
for the St. Lawrence trade. Besides, there was the consideration that they would
run to Portland in the winter time, and connect with Montreal by rail. He en-
listed the support of several wealthy men, including William Dow and Robert
Anderson, of Alontreal, and formed the Montreal Ocean Steamship Company.
The Canadian and Indian were the first two boats built by the company. The
boats cost about two hundred and fifty thousand dollars each and had a speed
of eleven knots. They were wonders at the time and made a great impression,
as the people had not been accustomed to see iron ships.

It happened that about this time the Crimean war broke otit, and the govern-
ment was at its wits' end to provide transports. The Allans went into the
business and while the war lasted made large profits.

The first ocean steamship, the Genova, reached Quebec in 1853 and proceeded
to Montreal, where there was great rejoicing. She was an iron boat of eight
hundred tons and was succeeded by the Cleopatra and the Sarah Sands. Newer
and larger vessels were built in the succeeding year and what was deemed experi-
mental at the start became fixed features of the new navigation, which was
dangerous, owing to so many sunken reefs in the St. Lawrence and the poor
lighting of the river. The Canadian government made a contract ,with Hugh
Allan for carrying the mails, paying an annual subsidy of one hundred and
twenty thousand dollars. The Anglo-Saxon, a new boat, ran from Quebec to
Liverpool in nine days on one occasion. This was thought to be- wonderful, as
the people had been accustomed to a voyage of forty days on the old sailing ves-
sels. At that time the grain carrying charge was thirty cents per bushel.

The requirements of the service in 1858 demanded more accommodation, and
the Allan brothers determined on a weekly service. Larger and faster boats were
introduced. The government paid subsidies to the new service totaling four
hundred and sixteen thousand dollars per annum. Year by year the Allans
launched new boats, always bigger and faster, though speed was never the chief
consideration with the company. In 1861 they had a fleet of over tw'enty ves-
sels, Ijut a sinister fortune befell the company in the first ten years of its exist-
ence. Eight ships were lost in as many years. The Indian, the Htingarian, a
second Canadian, the North Briton, the Anglo-Saxon, the Norwegian, the Bohe-
mian, all became total wrecks. The ri\er was badly lighted, the tides did not
run true, the pilots were incompetent and the compass deviated owing to some
strange local attraction due, it was said, to mineral de])osits in the gulf. .Any-
way, disaster followed disaster, and, as was said at the time, any other man than
Mr. Allan would have given up in despair. But that gentleman had something
of the firnniess of his native granite in his conijiosition and he never wavered.
Difflculties in time were overcome, the Allans began to pros])er anil from this
on their boats were singularly free from accidents.

To show, however, how little even the most iierspicacious can see in advance
of their time, it mav be stati-d th;U at the ban(|uet which the citizens tendered
ilugh .\ll;in in 1S50, he said that ships of one thons.'ind seven Inmdred tons were

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 637

ilic most suitable for the Montreal trade, lie lived to see his boats grow to five
thousand five hundred tons. The line prospered ; the number of boats was con-
stantly increased to meet the need; the Northwest was opened up; and the Allan
boats brought in many thousands of immigrants. The building of the Parisian
in 1 88 1 was supposed to be about the last word in shipbuilding. She was far in
advance of anything to be seen on the route. Today she is, by comparison with
the leviathans of the route, almost as antique as the old Favorite was when steam-
ships came in.

As prosperity came to him in one direction, Sir Hugh Allan extended his
efforts into other fields. He not only kept abreast with the times but was ever
in the vanguard of progress. He became president of the Montreal Telegraph
Company, of the Canadian Navigation Company, the Merchants Bank of Can-
ada, and the Lake Memphremagog Navigation Company. He was also, interested
in mining as president of the Mulgrave Gold Mining Company and his activities
extended to the presidency of the Montreal Warehousing Company, the \'er-
mont & Canada Marble Company, and many other business enterprises of im-
portance. Indeed, no citizen of Canada has deserved popular recognition in larger
measure than Sir Hugh, and Queen \'ictoria acknowledged the value of his serv-
ice to his country by knighting him with her own hand in 1871.

In 1877 he decided to associate his. name with the Canadian Pacific Railway
enterprise. He, in fact, formed the first syndicate to build it. The fall of the
Macdonald government defeated his plan.

On the 13th of September, 1844, Sir Hugh was married to Miss Matilda
Smith, the second daughter of John Smith, one of the leading merchants of Mont-
real. They became parents of nine daughters and four sons. Sir Hugh died in
Edinlnirgh while on a visit to Scotland on the 9th of December, 1882, having
passed the seventy-second milestone on life's journey. His remains were brought
to Montreal in one of his own vessels, and laid to rest in Mount Royal cemetery.
Well merited encomiums were passed upon him and high honors awaited him dur-
ing his active life. He was one who pushed forward the wheels of progress.
Looking into the future he saw something of the greatness in store for Canada
and liecame a factor in the fulfillment of the progress which he believed possi-
ble for a country having the natural advantages here offered. He builded per-
haps even better than he knew, for his work continues today, remaining an im-
portant element in Canada's enter[)rise, activity and greatness.

FREDERICK CLEVELAND MORGAN.

Frederick Cleveland Morgan, merchant, is one of Montreal's native sons,
his father being James Morgan. Liberal educational opportunties wet;e afforded
him and after pursuing his education at Cambridge, where he won the Bachelor
of Arts degree, he continued his studies in McGill L'niversity, which conferred
upon him the degree of ]\Iaster of .\rts. Throughout his business career he
has been identified with commercial interests and is now a member of the firm
of Henry Morgan & Company, Limited, proprietors of the Colonial House

638 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Department Store, which is one of the largest and best establishments of its
character in the city.

In March, 1906, Mr. Morgan was married to Miss Elizabeth Marcia Shaw,
the eldest daughter of C. Thaxter Shaw, of Montreal. They occupy an attrac-
tive home at No. 308 Peel street. Mr. Morgan is a member of the University
Club, Racquet Club, Forest and Stream, the Mount Royal Lawn Tennis, Arts
Club, Art Association and Antiquarian and Ntunismatic Society. Mr. Morgan's
interest lies more in art and literature than in business affairs. He was the
first secretary of the Arts Club, Limited, formed in 1913 for the purpose of
encouraging art and literature.

HON. SIMEON BEAUDIN, K. C.

Hon. Simeon Beaudin, puisne judge of the superior court of the province of
Quebec, took to his judicial duties an excellent record as a lawyer whose ability
had won for him a foremost position among the strong and forceful members
of the Montreal bar, where he had been a successful practitioner for more than
one-third of a century.

He was born at St. Isidore, P. Q., September 12, 1855, and comes from one of
the oldest families in the province.

He supplemented his early educational privileges by a course of study in Mon-
treal College and in 1878 was called to the bar. He immediately entered upon
active practice, forming a partnership with Messrs. Loranger & Loranger, in
whose office he had previously studied. One of the partners was raised to the
bench and on the death of the other Mr. Beaudin succeeded to the business of the
firm. His partnership relations extended until he became the senior member of
the well known law firm of Beaudin, Loranger, St. Germain & Guerin. Hi? prac-
tice was of an extensive and important character. He argued the St. Blase parish
and other cases before the judicial committee of the privy council of England, and
was acknowledged as a leader of the I'Vench-Canadian liar. For many years he
was a member of the bar council. In 1889 he was created Q. C. by the Earl of
Derby. He was batonnier of the Montreal bar in 1902 and later batonnier-general.
His close conformity to the highest standards of his profession and his devotion
to his clients' interests gave to him a standing that was an honor to his profession.
He was elected an honorary member of La Chambre de Commerce of Montreal
in 1902 and in 1904 he became one of the incorporators of the La Presse Pub-
lishing Company. He was also one of the promoters of Lafontaine Club and he
likewise belongs to Club Canadien and Pointe Claire Golf Club.

Judge Beaudin has always given his political allegiance io the conservative
party. H^ unsuccessfully contested Laprairie-Napierville for the house of com-
mons at the general election in 1908.

For some years previous to his assuming judicial duties in 1912. ho luul been
fre(|uently referred to liy the press and ])rofession as a -most com])eteni man for
the bench, and of him the Montreal Witness said: "He ranks high in his ])ro-
fession. his thorough legal sense, knowledge of the law and extensive experience
qualifying him for early judicial ]ireferment."

HON. SIMEON BEAUDIN

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 641

In 1883 Mr. Beaudin was united in marriage to Miss Mary Norris, a daughter
of John Norris, of Montreal, and they reside at No. 44 Bishop street. In
rehgious faith Mr. Beaudin is a Roman Catholic. In all matters of citizenship
pertaining to the material, intellectual, political and moral progress of the com-
munity he is deeply interested, but after all he regards the law as his real life
work

SIR WILLIAM HALES KINGSTON, Kt., M. D.

Sir William Hales Ilingston, Kt., M. D., whose professional activities con-
stituted valuable contributions to the world's work, his ability winning him
wide recognition and high honors from various scientific bodies, was born at
Hinchinbrooke, province of Quebec, June 29, 1829, a son of the late Lieutenant
Colonel S. J. Hingston, of His Majesty's One Hundredth Regiment. He was a
representatixe of a distinguished Irish family, closely related to the Cotters of
Cork, the Latouches of Dublin and the Hales. He supplemented his early edu-
cation, acquired in a local academy, by study in St. Sulpice, now Montreal Col-
lege, and having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he
prepared for his chosen calling by a course in McGill University, wdiich he
completed with the class of 185 1. He further carried on his investigation, study
and researcli abroad, obtaining a diploma in the Royal College of Surgery at
Edinburgh in 1852, and subsequently obtaining diplomas in France, Prussia,
Austria and Bavaria. He was the first Canadian to whom was accorded the
honor of membership in the Imperial Leopold Academy at \'ienna.

Dr. Hingston entered upon the active work of his profession in ^Montreal
and continued an eininent member of the profession to the time of his death,
winning notable renown in surgery. His ability ajong that line constantly de-
veloped. He possessed the steady hand and the cool nerve of the surgeon and
his professional skill gained him rank with the most prominent representatives
of the profession on the .American continent. For many years he was surgeon
in the Hotel Dieu Hospital, where he gave clinical instructions in surgery. He
was also, governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons and at one time
was its president. He was honored with election as a first secretary of the
Canadian Medical Association, and later was called to its presidency.

He was the organizer of the first board of health in the Dominion, and his
efforts in behalf of sanitary interests were far reaching and beneficial. Not
only did he display marked skill in surgery, but also eminent ability as an
educator, and upon the organization of Bishop's College Medical School was
chosen professor of surgery and clinical surgery, and became dean of the faculty,
but at length was forced to sever his connections with that institution, owing to
the many other demands made upon his time and services. He never refused
to respond to a call for professional aid if he could possibly meet it, and it
would be difficult to name a physician and surgeon of Canada whose labors have
reached out beneficially to a larger number of people. When, during an epi-
demic of smallpox, a local board of health was organized. Dr. Hingston was
made its chairman, and he also became chairman of the provincial board of

642 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

health, when in 1885 the province was again being visited by that calamity. He
was an energetic advocate of vaccination.

It was but natural that a man of his ability and position should have written
much upon professional topics. He was a valuable contributor to the medical
literature of his day, one of his most important publications being his "Climate
of Canada and its Relation to Life and Health," published in 1885. Competent
authority pronounced this "the fullest work, which has appeared on the subject
and apart from its economic and ethnological value, is, from its pleasing style,
delightful to read." Scientific bodies conferred high honors upon Dr. Hingston
and in addition, he was elected an honorary member of different state boards
of medicine and by many state medical societies in the L^nited States. \Mien
the British Association for the Advancement of Science visited Canada some
years ago, he was chosen vice president and not long afterward was elected an
honorary member of the British Medical Association.

His professional activity would alone entitle him to wide distinction, yet he
was active in other fields and in connection with the public affairs of the country.

He became president of the Montreal City & District Savnigs Bank, and also
vice president of the City Passenger Railway Company. In 1875 Montreal elected
him its mayor, and he served one term, when he declined renomination. For
coolness and judgment, which he displayed during the Guibord affair in j\Ion-
treal, he received the thanks of the Earl of Dufferin, then governor general of
Canada. Bishop's College University at Lenno.wille conferred upon him the
honorary degree of D. C. L.. while \'ictoria University of Toronto gave him
the honorary degree of LL. D. He was made vice president of the Montreal
branch of the St. John's Ambulance Association and in 1875 '^^^^ appointed a
commander of the Roman Order of St. Gregory. Twenty years later, or on the
24th of May, 1895, he was knighted by Her Majesty, the late Queen Victoria,
and he was called to the senate of Canada by the Earl of Aberdeen, January 2,
1896. His political allegiance was given to the conservative party, and his study
of vital questions and issues of the day brought about the familiarity of Canadian
politics, which enabled him to discuss such stibjects with those to whom such
study was a life work.

In 1875 Dr. Hingston was married to Aliss Margaret Josephine Macdonald,
a daughter of the late Hon. D. A. Macdonald, at one time lieutenant governor
of Ontario. Her mother was Katherine, the second daughter of the late Hon.
Colonel Ale.xander Fraser of Frasersfield, Ontario. Lady Hingston was edu-
cated in Montreal and has been very prominent in charitable and benevolent
work. She is a member of the Ladies Committee L'Institute des Ecoles Menageres,
vice president of the Needlework Guild, honorary president of the Loyola Liter-
ary Club; ])rominently identilied with the local League for the Prevention of
Tuberculosis ; formerly ])resident of the Woman's Park Protective Association ;
etc., and was elected i)resident of the Catholic Girls' Club of Montreal (an
association largely foimded by her), in igii.

Sir William Hingston was a member of the Roman Catholic church to
which I^dy Mingston also belongs. lie passed away on I'cbruary 19, 1907. but
there lives in the minds of those who knew him and of the professional world
at large, the nuMuory of distinguished service for the liencfit of his fcllow-nien.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL . 64:5

in the path of his cliosen profession. A keen intellect, splendid!)- developed, was
brought to bear upon complex medical and surgical problems and the result of
deep thought, wise research and careful investigation, made his contribution to
the world's work of the utmost benefit.

HON. JAMES KEWLEY WARD.

Out of the struggle with comparatively small o|)portunities 1 Ion. James
Kewiey W ard came finally into a field of broad and active infiuence and use-
fulness. Not seeking honor but simply endeavoring to do his duty, honors were
yet multiplied and prosperity followed his undertakings. His father settled on
the Isle of Man and it was there that the son, James Kewiey Ward, was born on
the 9th of September, 1819. He was reared and educated at the place of his
nativity but the opportunities of America attracted him in early manhood, and
he crossed the Atlantic to New York, remaining for a decade in that city. His
initial experience in the new world was one of continuous advancement, for the
wise use he made of his time and opportunities brought about the development
and increase of his powers. He left New York for Canada in 1853, and settling
in Montreal engaged in the lumber business, which he found a profitable field of
labor, owing to his keen discernment and his wise management of his afYairs.
He also became deeply interested in the Canadian cotton manufacturing industry
and in time came to rank with the leading representatives of manufacturing and
commercial interests in his province.

Important and extensive as were his business affairs, Mr. Ward never allowed
these to preclude an active and helpful interest in the municipal life or provincial
welfare. For eighteen years he was a valued member of the town council of
Cote St. Antoine, and for nine years he was mayor, giving to the city a business-
like and progressive administration that brought about needed reforms and im-
provements. In 1882 and again in 1887 he was defeated in the dominion general
election, after which he was appointed to the legislative council in 1888 and in
1903 was made a member of the council of public instruction. He reached the
remarkable old age of ninety-one years, yet remained an active factor in the
work of the legislative council, being seen daily at his desk in the legislature,
taking a keen interest. in many public questions which were sumitted for con-
sideration. He was a liberal and his position upon any vital issue was never
an e(|uivocal one. He stood stalwartly in defence of what he believed to be
right and for the best interests of the province at large. He was a man of
broad vision, whose public service was characterized by no petty persona'l pre-
judices. Duty was his watchword in public office, and he seemed to view a
vital question from every possible standpoint.

Hon. Mr. Ward was connected w-ith various jiublic institutions, having to
do with the welfare and benefit of the unfortimate or tending to alleviate hard
conditions of life for the needy. He was a governor of the Montreal General
Hospital and of the House of Industry and Refuge, was president of the Pro-
testant Hospital for the Insane and president of St. George's Societv and other
organizations. He passed away October 2, 1910, having kept his faculties un-

644 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

impaired to the last. To build up rather than to destroy had ever been his
broad policy, and through life he had attacked every important work which he
undertook with a contagious enthusiasm.

JOSEPH MEDARD GUINDON

Joseph Medard Guindon, engaged in the real estate business in Montreal
since December, icpS, was born at St. Ignace du Coteau du Lac in the county of
Soulanges, on the 23d of ]\Iarch, 1866, a son of Jules and Marguerite (Wilson)
Guindon the father born at St. Eustache and the mother at Coteau du Lac. The
ancestry of the Guindon family can be traced back to Pierre Guindon, who was
born in 1648 and died September 27, 1733. He married Catherine Rouchallet dit
Bergerac, who died August 22, 1710. To his marriage were born three children.
The eldest son, Jean Baptiste Guindon, was born September 15, 1707, and mar-
ried, February 14, 1729, Madeleine Labette. Pierre Guindon, the second son,
was born in 1708, and died October 7, 1709. Paul Guindon, the youngest son,
was born August 21, 1710, and married November 16, 1733, Marie Josette Aube
dit Aubert, to w'hich marriage were born two sons: Paul, August 20, 1735;
and Francois, March 23, 1737. Paul Guindon married Marie Amable de Maison-
neuve in 1770 and had one son, Amable, born in 1772. Amable Guindon married
in 1809 and had a son, Magloire, born October 15, 181 1. ]\Iagloire Guindon was
married in 1835 to Josette Guindon, his cousin. He took up arms at the revolt
of St. Eustache in 1837, was arrested and imprisoned for a period of seven months
after the confiscation of the greater part of his goods. To his marriage were
born six children of whom Jules, born- in 1840, married Marguerite Wilson,
May 20, 1865, at Coteau du Lac. To them were born eleven children, the most
of whom died at an early age.

Joseph Medard Guindon was a student in I'Ecole du Plateau in Montreal,
where he completed the commercial course in 1882. He then turned his atten-
tion to the hardware trade and in 1897 became a hardware merchant in Valley-
field, where he conducted business for nine years. In 1907 he established a
hardware store in Montreal, of which he was proprietor for two years. In De-
cember, 1908, he opened a real estate office with L. D. Latour under the firm
name of Latour & Guindon, in which business he has since been engaged with a
large capital. He has personally made investments in improved property and
vacant land and his holdings are now very extensive. As real estate agent and ex-
pert he has a large clientage and his business is growing year by year. He is
thoroughly informed concerning realty values and the energy and enterprise which
he displays in carrying on his work have constituted the salient forces in the
attainment of his success.

Mr. (iuindon has been twice married. On the 30th of June, 1886, he wedded
Ro.salinda Bourdon, a daughter of Narcisse and Marie ;\nne (Bisaillon) Bourdon,
and to tliis marriage was born one son, Paul Hcrve, whose birth occurred at
\'alleyfield, .April 2, 1898. On October 7, 1902, Mr. Guindon was again married,
his second union being with Marie Rose Anne Sevigny, a daughter of Philias

J. M. GUIXDUX

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 647

and Madeleine (Cantinj Sevigny. The children of this marriage are: Marguer-
ite, Marcelle, Suzanne, Juliette, Mario, Robert, Jacques and Jean Rodrigue.

While living in Valleyfield JMr. Guindon served as city alderman from 1898
till 1904. He manifests a deep interest in municipal affairs and all lines of public
progress, but has never been ambitious to hold office, preferring to concentrate his
energies upon his business interests, which are now extensive and important.

WILLI. \A1 i'ATTLRSOX, K. C.

William Patterson was born in Ormstown, Quebec, and is a son of the late
Samuel Patterson. He was educated at the public school of Ormstown'; Hunt-
ingdon -Academy at Huntingdon, Quebec; McGill University of Montreal, whith
institution conferred upon him the degree of IS. A. with first rank honours m
classics, in 1886, j\I. A., in 1889, and B. C. L., in 1895; and at Laval University,
which granted him the LL. B. degree in 1900.

Mr. Patterson was principal of the Royal .Arthur school at Montreal from
1888 to 1898, during which time he organized and directed a movement in favor
of a school history of Canada, written from a Dominion instead of a provincial
point of view, the object being, while the history of our country is told from
its earliest periods, to direct, as far as possible, the mind of the reader from the
various currents of provincial history into the broader channel of the Dominion
and to make the boys and girls of Canada feel as they grow up into the respon-
sibilities of citizenship that under confederation we have a united country and
a united people. He addressed in support of the movement the Provincial Asso-
ciation of Protestant Teachers of the Province of Quebec at their annual con-
vention in McGill Normal school, Montreal, in October, 1889, and also addressed
the Teachers of the Province of Nova Scotia at their annual convention, in
Halifa.x, in December, 1890. He also read before the Royal Society of Canada
at Montreal in June, 1891, a paper entitled A Proposal for a Dominion ie.\-t-
Book of Canadian History. He was appointed secretary of the Dominion
history committee, with the Hon. George W. Ross, later Sir George W. Ross.
as chairman, by the Dominion Educational Association at its first meeting, which
was held in Montreal in July, 1892. The result of these efforts was the organiza-
tion of the Dominion history prize competition, open to authors of recognized
ability, and the publication in June, 1897, of The History of the Dominion of
Canada, by W. H. P. Clement, B. A., LL. B., which had been awarded the first
prize, and o'f A Canadian History for Boys and Girls, by Miss Emily P. Weaver,
which had been awarded the second prize — both works written from the view-
point indicated above.

Mr. Patterson organized at Ormstown, Quebec, in 1888, the Chateauguay
Literary and Historical Society and was its corresponding secretary from that
time until 1895. when, under the auspices of the society and in the presence of
over seven thousand people, many of whom had come from a distance, a monu-
ment erected on the Chateauguay battlefield by the Dominion government, the
outcome of a long agitation, was unveiled in memory of Colonel de Salaberry's
brilliant victory of 1813 over the American invading army.

648 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mr. Patterson was called to the Quebec bar in July, 1901, and has since
successfully practiced his profession at ^Montreal, where he is the attorney of
the Dominion Alliance and of other bodies. He is the author of the Handbook
of Commercial Law, published in 1904. In 1910 he was appointed joint crown
prosecutor for the district of Beauharnois and in April, 1912, was created a king's
counsellor.

^Ir. Patterson married Miss Xaomi Florence Smith, a daughter of Robert
Smith, of Westmount, Quebec, in July, 1909. He is a liberal in politics and
has taken an active part on the hustings in all federal and jjrovincial elections at
^Montreal and in its vicinity since 1900. His church membership is held in the
Presbyterian denomination, and he is a member of the Canadian and Reform Clubs
of Montreal. His residence is at 2290 Mance street, Montreal.

WILLIAM HENRY ATHERTON.

William Henry Atherton was born on November 15, 1867, in Salford, a
suburb of Manchester, in Lancashire, England, of Joseph Atherton, sanitary en-
gineer, and Sarah (Nicholls) Atherton. His grandfather, William Atherton,
was of a line of merchants and was the last volunteer fire chief in Salford where
in Peel Park Museum his famous fire dog "Lion" held an honoured place. His
maternal grandfather's fanfily of Nicholls had farms in Yorkshire and previously
in North Wales.

William Henry Atherton spent his early bo\hood at the old cathedral city of
Norwich in Norfolk, and in 1S79, at the age of twelve, started his classical
studies at Stonyhurst College, in Lancashire, graduating from the class of
Rhetoric in 1886 and matriculating the same year in the first class in the Univer-
sity of London. After several years' further classical studies he entered the
course of scholastic philosophy at St. Mary's College, Stonyhurst, and at the
end of the third year, in 1S95, presented his theses in Universa Philosophia, which
he passed with distinction "aptus ad docendum," the degree being equivalent to
the Doctorate of Philosophy, which was, after a further thesis on "Beatitudo
Finalis" accepted as ad cunduni gradum at the University of Ottawa in 1908.
From 1898 to 1902 he pursued a four years' course of scholastic divinity at St.
Beuno's College, St. Asaph, North Wales. When not engaged in the above
courses he taught for nearly ten years as a professor of classics and elocution
at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, and Beaumont College, Old Windsor, Berk-
shire, two of the principal "public schools" of England. At both of these colleges
he had charge of the dramatic performances, which are a recognized and im-
portant feature in their educational system. There he produced many of the best
examples of the classical drama as well as of the best modern plays. He also had
charge of the preparation of the annual or term "academies" or "speech days"
and thus his students presented parts of Latin, Cjreek, English and I'Vcnch
classical pieces.

On coming to Canada in 1907 William Athcrion taught classics for a year at
St. Albert, Alberta, at the Bishop's Seminary, assisting Mgr. Legal in the i)repara-
tion of a history of the Catholic church in Xorth .\lberta. In 1908 he taught

WILLI Ail H. ATHKKTOX, I'H. 1).

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 651

classics at Loyola College, Montreal. Since then he has filled other educational
posts in the city as lecturer in psychology and ethics at the College, for the Higher
Education of Women, established in connection with Laval University ; professor
of the English course in the new "Ecole des Hautes Etudes Coninierciales"
erected l)v the Gouin go\ernnicnl in k^io, and from 191 1 he has also been an ex-
aminer in Arts for the entrance examinations conducted by the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec. During his career in Montreal
Dr. Atherton has identified himself with most phases of the sociological problems
of the city. In 1908 he was invited to assume the managership of the Catholic
Sailors' Club, a position he still holds. In 1909, when the City Improvement
League was established, he was selected to become the executive secretary. He
is a member of the Civic Secretaries' Association in connection with the National
Municipal League of America, a member of the National Housing Association,
the International City Planning Conference and the American Civic League.
At the Toronto convention of the International City Planning Congress held in
June, 1914, he was appointed by the Canadian delegates to represent them before
the Commission of Conservation of the Dominion government to urge the crea-
tion of a special Municipal Improvement Bureau in connection with that Com-
mission, to co-operate with and to organize the various movements for city plan-
ning, housing and civic improvements in the Dominion. He has taken an active
part in most of the recent Civic Improvement and Good Government movements
in Montreal, being one of the pioneers in affecting the appointment of the Metro-
politan Parks Commission for Montreal, and a consistent advocate of better
housing conditions for the working classes. He was the organizing secretary of
the notable Child Welfare Exhibition held in Montreal in the Drill Hall on Craig
street in October, 1912. In 1914 he was a member of the executive committee
of the "clean-up week" movement, a great public health movement which was
taken up by the whole city, in which he acted as chairman of the Co-operation
Committee.

Dr. Atherton has been the author of many contributions and criticisms to
literary, philosophical and ci\ic journals. His first work, published anonymously
under the auspices of the Catholic Truth Society of England, was the Life of
Father Damien, the Leper Priest, which appeared in England in 1889, attracting
attention as the first authentic life then published. Dr. Atherton has identified
himself with the literary life of Montreal. He was one of the founders of the
Montreal branch of the Dickens' Fellowship of which he has been vice president
for three years and president for the years 1912-1913-1914. He is the author
of the two volumes of the history of Montreal under the French Regime and under
the English Rule now being published.

HON. RAYMOND PREFOXTAINE.

Joseph Ravmoiid l-'ourniei Prefontaine was a member of an old French fam-
ily which was established in 1680 in New France. Mr. Prefontaine was born
at Longueuil on the iftth of September, 1850. He began his education under
private tutors and completed his classical studies at St. ^Mary's College under

652 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

the direction of the Jesuit Fathers. He obtained his Bachelor's degree at McGill
University and was admitted to the bar in 1873. While taking up his private
practice he began at the same time occupying himself with public affairs with
success.

There are few men who, step by step, possessed more than he the rare gift
of being always the man of his time and who at all times retained the favor of
his friends. He made his debut in municipal politics as alderman for Hochelaga,
and in 1879 he became the mayor of that municipality, which honorary post he
held until 1884. At this period the progress of ^lonteral was slow, it being the
custom to retard rather than hasten her development. The town and city officers
at that time were struggling along with inadequate acts and regulations. They
were like the undeterred scientists of old who obstinately tried to solve the prob-
lem of squaring the circle although without the slightest vestige of success.
New blood was needed and Hochelaga supplied the first infusion in the person
of Mr. Prefontaine. When Hochelaga was annexed to Montreal Mr. Prefontaine
became alderman of the Montreal council and president of the public works com-
mission. The task which confronted him was not a small one. On the one
hand he had to fight against a routine held sacred, and on the other hand against
a majority which was absolutely neglecting the eastern part of Montreal.

In 1898 Mr. Prefontaine v.'as mayor of Montreal and began to carry out his
program of action. Nothing was neglected for the advancement of the city,
and he employed to the utmost his legal acumen and ability in restoring Montreal
to her rights. From that time he displayed a deep and abiding devotion to
Montreal East which owes so much to him, his labors in this connection being
the crowning achievement of his efiforts. It was he who gave to the city the
\'iger railroad station, and this was in itself but a small matter when compared
with the shipbuilding yards, the mammoth warehouses and thousands of habita-
tions that he by his persistency won for the French region of the metropolis.
He thought of everything: the street railway service, the electric lighting system,
the street paving, all these bore the stamp of his personality. He was sometimes
unjustly accused of lending himself to questionable deals but always emerged
from these ordeals without a stain upon his character or a shadow of doubt
remaining as to the entire justification of his actions.

He was the Haussman of the city. It was generally known that he was
the friend of the working men and woulfl defend their interests as his own.
It was but natural therefore that the workingmen of Hochelaga were his best
friends and his stanchest partisans. They were his standard bearers through-
out the entire town and were the first who made possible his election to the
magistracy of the city. Mr. Prefontaine lifted ]\Iontreal out of the old routine
and after he was elected mayor all worked hand and glove with him in order
to crown his work, and it is not short of the truth to say that a complete reor-
ganization of the municipal autonomy took place.

Hon. Mr. Prefontaine at the time of his death had been in politics for thirt)'
years. In 1875 he was elected member of parliament from Chambly to the legis-
lature of Quebec and continued to represent that county from 1886 to 1896 in
the Dominion parliament. In his early days he served as president of the
Young Men's Liberal Association and later as president of the Club National.
He was always the man of the hour. Tlis remarkable popularity, the wide

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 653

prestige which he enjoyed in tlic hberal party and tiie financial world, his inti-
mate knowledge of political and administrative afYairs, all betokened him the
foremost man in the province of Quebec and more particularly in the district
of Montreal. He was actively interested in all the movements of his party ;
few were the counties which he did not visit during the campaigns, and he
took part in all the inii)ortant tlebates. From his debut he was always in the
public eye. Men like him are always the first in all ranks of life. One sees
him ceaselessly battling when vital interests are at stake. At the general elec-
tions of I goo he was elected by a large majority for Maisonneuve and Terre-
bonne. At the time of his death he was representing Alaisonneuve, which had
elected him l:)y a majority of twenty-live hundred votes. When the lion, Air.
Tarte resigned from the Laurier cabinet Mr. Prefontaine was jjrevailed upon
to accept the portfolio of marine and fisheries. It is to him that Canada owes
the fine organization of this department and the excellent results obtained.

Let us recall what he wrote regarding this subject on the 2ist of October
in Le Soleil : "We receive every day confirmation of the happy news that the
harvest of this year will surpass all hopes. In fact, everything indicates that
it will be phenomenal. The Grain Merchants Association values for only the
west the production of wheat at ninety-one and a half millions bushels ; that
of oats at sixty-seven millions of bushels ; that of flax at half a million. On the
other side the reports from Quebec and Ontario are excellent. There is no
doubt that our exportations of agricultural products will this year largely exceed
those of 1903, our maximum year, which amounted to one hundred and fifteen
million dollars. These figures are so outstanding that they speak for them-
selves. They mean that the facilities of transportation will have to be con-
siderable to ship all of this, — that is that the St. Lawrence route will be largely
put in requisition to export our grain and in return, for the importation of
articles sent in exchange. But they signify also that large sums of money will
come into the treasury and that the St. Lawrence route will well merit its
share. The St. Lawrence begins at the head of Lake Superior and goes as far
as Belle Isle. I may say nearly to Newfoundland.

"One of my predecessors asked from Sir Wilfrid Laurier twenty-five mil-
lion dollars for the single purpose of deepening the channel from Montreal to
the Gulf. It is far from being completed. Since the channel was started we
have not yet expended one-fifth of this amount and yet we can look backward
with confidence and contemplate with pride the work accomplished. It is need-
less to give here the figures. Suffice it to say this is not a financial treatise but
a statement to the people, telling them frankly that in less than five years we
have created from nothing at Sorel, the national workshops of maritime con-
struction, the most perfect, the best equipped, the best managed in existence in
Canada and which would do credit to any other country. We have constructed
the dredges and the apparatus necessary for digging and maintaining the channel
at a desirable depth. The channel will be thirty feet in depth throughout
almost its entire course. We have reasonably widened the curves wherever
they were met. We have constructed signals and placed buoys to extend as
far as the gulf and join with the channel. We have installed submarine bells
and we are experimenting with a new electrical system for the direction of
the vessels in the channel. W^e have made the channel between Montreal and

654 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Sorel as light at night as it is by day. We are now replacing floating fires with
stationary fires. We have commenced and will continue with powerful vessels
specially constructed to this end to make possible winter navigation and this
trial, mark my words, will culminate in good results. That is as a matter of
fact quite a goodly sum of finished work since Sir Wilfrid Laurier has come
into power and, without boasting too much, since he has entrusted to your
humble servant the portfolio of marine, so much decried by our good friends,
the conservatives.

"Now, as far as professional progress is concerned, we can still cite without
fear of criticism improvement of the law in regard to pilots who are now under
control of m\- department, new conditions regarding more severe regulations,
etc. ; the revision of the law for the examination of captains and mates ; the
re-drafting of the law regarding the inspection of steamships; the creation of
a competent tribunal of nautical inquiries ; the establishment of navigation
schools, and the organization of a scientific system of oceanographic and hydro-
graphic observations. Here, in brief, between two viewpoints, we can, I believe,
address our friends in order to show them in a new and authentic light the liberal
work which has been done on the service of our grand maritime route. But
you say in Quebec that with all this there still will be accidents on the river.
This I cannot deny and no one regrets it more keenly than I. There will be
accidents everywhere and these will happen in spite of all the precautions taken
and at the moment when they are least expected. It is for this very reason
that we call them accidents. Accidents happen on the canals, they \Vill happen
in mid-ocean and they might even happen in the port of Quebec if Providence
so ordains, which I sincerely pray, not."

At the outbreak of the Boer war Mr. Prefontaine gauged public feeling in
Canada correctly and favored the contribution of men to the cause of the
Empire and also favored the establishment of a Canadian navy. While main-
taining offices in the city hall he displayed remarkable faculty for winning friends.
It was said of him that no matter how bitterly opponents assailed him he never
bore resentment. As years went by this trait actually made admirers out of
those who had formerly been enemies. He was always ready to do a friendly
act and was naturally of an optimistic temperament, being scarcely ever known
to show a sign of dejection or low spirits. A belief in the possibilities of an
undertaking always served as a stimulus to his intense activity, usually accom-
panied by the desired results.

In June, 1876, Mr. Prefontaine married Miss Hermantine RoUand. and
unto them were born three sons: Rolland, a civil engineer in Montreal ; Fernand,
of the firm of Prefontaine & Drouin, architects of ^lontreal: and .Adrien, now
deceased.

Mr. Prefontaine died in Paris, France, December 25, 1905. .\t that time
Mr. Lawrence A. Wilson said of his dead friend: "As the last candle lights
were flickering out their little flames upon the gilded Christmas trees that had
made so many young and old hearts hai)])y, a cruel message, wrapped in thunder,
reached us. A man had died : Yes ! a big, big man in the fullest sense of the
word. A generous friend he was always to the needful, irrespective of color,
creed or nationality and one whom I have never known, during twenty years,
to liave harbored over night an ill feeling against his greatest political foe.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 655

When I asked him recently during a friendly conversation why he worked so
hard Ui the detriment of his personal interests and particularly of his health,
he replied, 'My greatest pleasure is to be able to do something for my friends.'
He was a kind husband to his devoted but now sorrowing wife, a good father
to his three bright boys, a solid friend to all those he trusted and a faithful,
unflinching follower of his chief. Sir \\ ilfrid Laurier. That man was Raymond
I'rt'fontaine."

The Montreal Daily Star editorially said of him: "Canadian public life has
produced few men wdio would be more sincerely mourned by an army of per-
sonal friends than will the late Raymond IVefontaine. He was a man who
v\'as always bigger than his i)arty, bigger than his numerous victories and
broader in iiis sympathies than many a man who made more display of public
si)irit. A genuine liking for the big, generous man pervaded all classes of the
community and was no small share of his strength in anv political contest.
His death comes at an exceedingly bad time for the country, just when he had
taken up' the problem of the St. Lawrence channel in real earnest and was bent
upon giving us a clean bill of health. He has hardly been long enough in the
federal tield for the nation to learn to know him as he has long been known
in this district. As a public man he has come in for not a little criticism. He
was a candidate who stood fire well and was seldom irritated into replying with
unwise petulance. I^erhaps at times he displayed too great a faith in the
financial recuperative powers of this city but after all is said and done, that
was a generous fault. At this moment our people will only remember the
attractive personality, the stanch British subject, the warm-hearted political
leader who lies dead in the French capital."

La Presse, wdiose editor, Mr. Dansereau, was a close personal friend of the
late Hon. Raymond Prefontaine, after referring to the news of his death, con-
tinues : "We do not seek to hide our deep emotion, for he was counted among
our oldest friends, and we were the last Canadians to grasp his hand before
he embarked at New York on the steamer which took him across. Had he any
presentiment? He was serious and pensive, nothing about him of the ordinary
joy which is connected with the perspective of a short journey was shown in
his manner. The distinguished deceased had eminent qualities, for he was a
man of action and energy. He had done more in two years for the develop-
ment and aiding of navigation than all his predecessors in the department since
confederation. At least he has the merit of tracing a program that must not
be laid aside. Life is ephemeral ; fame matters little to him at this moment.
But his family will have the consolation of a heritage more precious than for-
tune, that of his talent, his prestige, of his political and administrative -worth."

PROFESSOR THOMAS ALP.ERT STARIvEY.

Professor Thomas Albert Starkey. a well known educator, lecturer and
physician of Montreal, w^as born in Hertford. England, a son of Thomas Starkey.
His early education was obtained in his native town and in 1S94 'le was graduated
from London University with the degree of ^l. D. Subsequetly he pursued

656 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

a course in the University Collegiate Hospital in London and was house surgeon
at the Brompton Hospital. Subsequently he was sent to India to carry on
researches and promote the cure and prevention of the plague and cholera.
He worked in the Imperial Research Laboratory in Bombay from 1899 until 1901
and afterward was given charge, under the sanitary commission, of the entire
hygienic condition of two large districts, his labors there being of inestimable
value in improving existing conditions.

On his return to England Dr. Starkey pursued public health work in the
laboratory of University College at London and was also bacteriologist of the
London county council. He came to the new world in 1902, being appointed
in November of that year professor of hygiene at McGill University of Mon-
treal. In 1906 he w^as elected a fellow of the Royal Sanitary Institute of Eng-
land and is now secretary and examiner of the local branch of the same body.
In 1910 he was elected the first president of the Canada Public Health Associa-
tion in which connection his efforts have been far-reaching and beneficial. Not
only has he done important practice and research work, but has also written
upon questions relating to the public health. He has lectured on the Ancient
and Modern Methods of Water Supply — A Comparison, and on kindred subjects,
all of which have to do with the public health and the prevention of disease.

In September, 1904, Dr. Starkey was united in marriage to Miss Josephine
MacCullum, a daughter of the late Dr. Duncan Campbell ]\IacCullum, and they
have one son, Hugh. It would be difficult to measure the usefulness of the life
work of Dr. Starkey, but the scientific world acknowledges its indebtedness to his
efforts and his labors, far-reaching and effective, have been beneficial forces for
humanity in various sections of the world.

CHARLES CHAPUT.

It would be difficult to find a more active business man in Montreal and
one whose labors are more gratifyingly resultant than Charles Chaput, who
stands as one of the most successful merchants of the metropolis, ranks among
its most substantial citizens and to quote the Montreal Gazette is "a man of
unimpeachable integrity." He was born in Montreal, November 14, 1841, a
son of the late Leander Chaput, who came to Montreal from L'Assomption in
1832 and in 1842 founded what is now the well known wholesale grocery house
of L. Chaput, Fils & Cie, Limitee. He lived to the age of eighty-four years,
passing away in 1901. His wife was Helene St. Denis, a daughter of J. B.
St. Denis of Montreal.

Charles Chaput ac(|uired his education in the best French and Fnglisli schools
in Montreal of tlie time. In 1857 at the age of sixteen years he joined his
father's firm as a junior clerk, at which time the firm was L. Chaput & Cie, and
on his being made a partner in 1862 the style was changed to L. Chaput, Fils
& Cie. In 1875 upon the retirement of his father Charles Chaput became
the head of the firm, where he has since remained, although there have been many
changes since in its personnel. In 1884 L. E. Geoffnon was admitted a partner

CHARLES CHAPUT

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 659

and for years was actively interested in the conduct and nianagcnicnl of the busi-
ness. In 1896 E. St. Denis retired after having been a partner for forty years
and in the same year Ferd rrudhomme was taken into partnership. In 1899
Armand Chaput and in 1909 Emile Chaput, sons of Charles Chaput, were
admitted as members of the firm, which was incorporated on I'ebruary i, 19 12,
under name of L. Chaput, Fils & Cie, Limitee, Charles Chaput becoming
president, Armand Chaput vice president and manager and Ferd I'rudhomme
secretary and treasurer. The house of L. Chaput, Fils & Cie, Limitee, has
attained a widespread, honorable and unassailable reputation in business circles
by reason of the straightforward and commendable principles employed in the
conduct of its large interests.

For many years Mr. Chaput has maintained an extremely active business
interest not only in the large firm of which he is now the head but also as a
director in many other firms, in banks and in financial institutions. As a mem-
ber of the council of the Board of Trade he has played a very important part
in the work of that organization. A governor of Notre Dame Hospital, he has
been largely instrumental in strengthening the finances of that splendid insti-
tution. He was for several years a director of La Banque d'Hochelaga and
also of the Canada Life Insurance Company. He has been a councillor of the
Chambre de Commerce and president- of the Wholesale Grocers Guild. He is
a director of the International Mercantile Agency, also vice president of the
Montreal Business Men's League and president of the Montreal Citizens Associ-
ation and has ever taken an active interest in business matters and all things
tending to promote the welfare of the city and the uplifting of humanity.

His charitable instincts and activities are broad and varied. Aside from the
institutions above mentioned with which he is connected he is also a governor
of the Montreal General Hospital and a member of the Montreal Dispensary.
He cooperates earnestly and effectively in many movements which have for
their object the alleviation of hard conditions of life for the unfortunate. In
religious faith he is a Roman Catholic.

Air. Chaput has never entered the political field, yet he has always main-
tained a deep and sincere interest in the political affairs of the country. Further-
more, he has played a very prominent part in municipal affairs and while not
himself directly interested or a seeker of place he has been one of the leading
figures in the organization of the Citizens' Association and a sturdy exponent
of municipal government through the medium of the Board of Control. He
is progressive in all things, being ever ready to give his support to any movement
that will tend to the improvement of conditions in Montreal.

Mr. Chaput married Rose Anne Smith, who died in September, 1883; he
then married Clara Chevalier, who died in July, 1893; his third wife was L.
Patoine in her maidenhood. He has a family of three sons and two daughters,
all born to the first marriage. The eldest son. Rev. Father Charles Chaput, is a
Jesuit priest and a professor of philosophy. The second son, Armand Chaput,
is vice president of L. Chaput, Fils & Cie, Limitee. He married Juliette Auger,
a daughter of J. C. Auger, formerly registrar of Montreal. The third son, Emile
Chaput, is a director in the firm and married Rosalie Loranger, daughter of the
Hon. Mr. Justice Loranger of Montreal. Rose Anna, the elder daughter, is the
widow of Mr. Gabriel Marchand, M. P., son of the late Hon. F. G. Marchand,

660 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

who was ])remier of the province of Quebec. Antoinette, the younger daughter,
is the wife of Mr. E. Desaulniers, notary, of St. Lambert, P. Q.

Mr. Chaput holds membership in L'Association St. Jean Baptiste and in the
Antiquarian and Numismatic Society — associations whicli show something of
the nature of his interests and his delight in ressarch work.

AIME CHASSE.

Aime Chasse, advocate, was born at St. Elphege, Yamaska County, Province
of Quebec, October 9, 1886, of the marriage of Zoel Chasse, a cultivateur, and
Julie ( Proulx) Chasse. He studied the classics at the Seminaire de Nicolet, grad-
uating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1908. He studied law at Laval
University in Montreal and at the same time in the office of Coderre & Coderre.
in Montreal, and was admitted to the bar in July, 191 2. Since the ist of June,
1914, he has been a member of the law firm of Archambault & Chasse. Mr.
Chasse has been president of the Association de la Jeunesse Conservatrice de
Montreal since April 15, 1914. He has lived in ^lontreal since September, 190S.
On January 7, i<)ii, he married Alphonsine Boisvert, of St. Elphege.

HON. LIEUTENANT COLONEL SIR HUGH MONTAGU ALLAN.

Clubman, sportsman and ])usiness man of marked enterprise — in these fe\\'
words are summed up the life record of Sir Hugh Montagu Allan, whose in-
terests have been many and whose activities far-reaching. To accumulate a
fortune requires one kind of genius, to retain a fortune already acquired, to
add to its legitimate increment and to make such use of it that its possessor may
derive therefrom the greatest enjoyment and the public the greatest benefit,
requires quite another kind of genius. Sir Hugh Montagu Allan belongs to
that younger generation of business men of Montreal called upon to shoulder
responsibilities diiifering materially from those resting upon their predecessors.
In a broader field of enterprise they find themselves obliged to deal with affairs
of greater magnitude and to solve more difficult and complicated financial and
economic jiroblems.

Such was the position in which Sir Hugh Montagu Allan found himself fol-
lowing the demise of his father, .Sir Hugh Allan, an eminent figure in shipping
and financial circles of Canada. The mother. Matilda Caroline (Smith) .-Xllan,
was the second daughter of the late John Smith, a i)roniinent merchant of Mon-
treal arid it was in this city that Sir Hugh Montagu .Mian was born October 13,
i860. His education acquired in Bishop's College School at Lennoxville, was
supplemented by study in Paris, France. He was a young man of but twenty-
two years at the time of his father's death and imder the terms of his father's
will entered the firm of FI. & A. Allan, steamship agents. It was in the latter
connection that they established the .Mian Line of steamships, then ;nid now
the most imprjrtant factor in i)assengcr service and freight carrying trade be-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 661

twecn (ircal liritain and Canada. More and more he has come into iirominence,
as he lias given proof of his power to carefully, systematically, wisely and suc-
cessfully promote the important interests of mammoth corporate concerns. He
is today president of the Merchants Bank of Canada, the Acadia Coal Com-
pany, the Railway Securities Company, and vice president of the Canada Paper
Comi)any and the Canadian \'ickers. Limited. His name is on the directorate
of the Montreal Light, Heat & Power Company, the Ogilvic Flour Mills Com-
pany, the Canadian Transfer Company, the Labrador Company, the Dominion
Iron & Steel Company, the Dominion Steel Corporation, the Mutual Life Asso-
ciation Company of Canada, the Canadian Cottons, Limited, the Royal Trust
Company, the Montreal Investment Trust and the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Com-
pany of Montreal.

In December, 1878, he assumed the name of Hugh Montagu instead of Hugh
Andrew Allan, by which he was previously known. Long connected with the
Montreal Board of Trade, he served as a counselor for several years and as its
treasurer in 1891 and 1892. Further interests of a public character which have
profited by his cooperation include the Montreal Horticultural and Fruit Grow-
ing Association, of which he is a director and St. Andrew's Society, of which
he is president. His prominence as a sportsman is indicated in the fact that he
is an ex-master of the Montreal Hunt. His horses have won the Queen's plate,
the Montreal hunt cup, members' plate and hunters' handicap steeplechase cup.
Sir Hugh Montagu Allan is now president of the Montreal Jockey Club, vice
president of the Canadian Racing Association and director of the International
Horse Show Association. He w-as formerly vice president of the Montreal
Racket Club and a director of the Montreal Skating Association and the Ama-
teur Skating Association of Canada. His activities have touched many benevo-
lent and charitable projects. He has been a director of the Sailors' Institute,
the Charity Organization Society, the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Ani-
mals, and is vice president of the ^Montreal General Hospital. He gave five
thousand dollars to the Charles .Alexander Memorial Fund and the Allan Cup
as a perpetual trophy for comjietition between amateur hockey clubs in 1910.
He is one of the founders of the Mount Royal Club and the W'inter Club at
Montreal.

In October. 1893. Sir Hugh Montagu .\llan wedded Marguerite Ethel Mac-
kenzie, a daughter of the late Hector Mackenzie of Montreal. She was elected
a member of the Central Council \'ictoria League at London, England, in 1909,
and is honorary president of the Daughters of the Empire in IMontreal. Sir
Hugh and Lady Allan at their Montreal home, Ravenscrag, entertained H. R.
H. Prince Arthur of Connaught in 1906. and H. I. H. Prince Fushimi of Japan
in 1907. Sir Hugh was presented to the late King Edward in March; 1910.
and Lady Allan was presented in July, 1906. He was knighted June 24, 1904,
became C. \'. O. in 1907. and Order of the Rising Sun of Japan (third class") in
1907. He was appointed honorable lieutenant colonel of the First Battalion,
Fifth Regiment, Royal Highlanders, in 191 1. His religious faith is that of
the Presbyterian church. In addition to Ravenscrag in Montreal. Sir Hugh has
a summer home. Montrose, at Cacouna, and another estate, Allancroft. in Bea-
consfield. jirovince of Quebec. That he is an eminent and well known figure
in club circles is indicaited by the fact that he belongs to the St. James Qub,

662 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Mount Royal Club, Canada Club, Auto and Aero Club, Montreal Hunt, Montreal
Jockey Club, Winter Club, Royal Montreal Golf Club, Royal St. Lawrence
Yacht Club, Canadian Club, Forest and Stream Club, Lachine Boating and
Canoeing Club, Montreal Curling Club, Back River Polo Club, Montreal Racket
Club, 2\lontreal Thistle Curling Club, all of Montreal ; Toronto Club, York Club
of Toronto ; Rideau Club, of Ottawa ; Racquet and Tennis Club and Knicker-
bocker Club, of New York ; and Junior Carlton Club, Canada Club, and Royal
Thames Yacht Club, of London, England.

The subjective and objective forces of life are in him well balanced, making
him cognizant of his own capabilities and powers, while at the same time he
thoroughly understands his opportunities and his obligations. To make his na-
tive talents subserve the demands which conditions of society impose at the
present time is the purpose of his life, and by reason of the mature judgment
which characterizes his efforts at all times, he stands today with those whose
activity in various lines does not exclude active participation in and support of
other vital interests which go to make up human existence.

LOUIS EDOUARD FORTIER, M. D.

Dr. Louis Edouard Fortier, one of the most prominent of the French phy-
sicians of Montreal, was born in the city of Quebec, February ii, 1865, a son
of Edouard and Celina (Marcotte) Fortier. The paternal grandfather, Louis
Fortier, was a farmer and was the founder of the village of Fortierville, while
his son Edouard was a merchant in the city of Quebec.

The family removed to Montreal during the Doctor's boyhood and both
parents passed away in this city. Two brothers of Dr. Fortier are still living:
one, Dr. Joseph Emile, is one of the busiest medical practitioners of ^Montreal ;
the other, Joseph Auguste, a w-ell known writer, after having traveled all around
the world settled in India about fifteen years ago, and is principal and super-
intendent of the Agha Engineering School, in Fyzabad, Oudh.

Dr. Fortier was educated in the Jesuit College of Montreal, after which he
studied medicine in Victoria University, being graduated therefrom with the
degree of M. D. in the class of 1889. He was at once appointed demonstrator
of anatomy at Victoria University and physician to the Hospital Hotel-Dieu.
These positions he filled in addition to attending to his private practice, which
has been extensive from the beginning, and he has been regvilar physician to
the Hotel-Dieu since 1889. After some years devoted to active practice, he
further continued the study of his profession in Paris and London, coming in
touch with the work of eminent physicians and surgeons in both cities. lie
ranks high in hospital work and is widely recognized as a learned and able
memlier of the profession, who is constantly promoting his knowledge through
reading, research and investigation. He is also classed with the able educators
and at the present time is professor of pharmacology and therapeutics in Laval
University.

A scholar and a good writer, Dr. Fortier has been during many years editor
of La Gazette Medicale de Montreal, the official organ of the Victoria University

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HISTORY OF MONTREAL 665

Medical School in Montreal before tiie affiliation of this school with Laval
University. Since that time, besides many valuable contrilnitions to medical
reviews, Dr. l-"ortier i)nl)lisiied a few years ago a Handbook of Medicine for
Nurses, and last year a Manual of Pharmacology, — according to the British
Pharmacopceia, this last book Ijeing es])ecially for the use of students and
young practitioners.

Dr. Portier is an active social worker and is particularly interested in the
work of medical dispensaries. He is now medical director of the Institut liru-
chesi, founded for the treatment of tubercular patients; medical superintendent
of the Sacred Heart Hospital for the Indians, at Caughnawaga ; and chief
director of the dispensaries of I'Assistance Matcrnelle, instituted to provide
attendance to the sick women of the poorer classes.

Dr. Fortier married Miss Emma Mathieu of Lachenaie and to them have
been born two sons, Louis Fdouard and Jac(|ues Emile. Madame Fortier
belongs to one of the oldest French-Canadian families of this country and is
favorably known in social as well as charitable circles of this city.

LIEUTKXAXT COLOXET, JOSEPH P. COOKE.

On the list of those whom death has recently called appears the name of
Lieutenant Colonel Joseph P. Cooke, whose career in i)olitical and military life
was a notable one. Liberal educational opportunities and thorough training
qualified him for the bar, and he was recognized as an able and learned member
of the profession. His abilities recommended him for political leadership and
he was called to important public offices. Ouebec nuniljered him among her
native sons, his birth having occurred in Drummondvillc in 1838. His father
was \^alentine Cooke and his grandfather, an officer in the army, received a
land grant from the British government in recognition of his services.

Lieutenant Colonel Cooke attended St. Francis College in Richmond, there
pursuing his more specifically literary education, while in McGill University
he prepared for the bar and was graduated !'.. C. L. in 1880. The following
year he was called to the bar of Montreal and entered ujion active practice in
partnership with Charles P.rookes, K. C. Subse(|ucntly he began practice in-
dependently and was widely recognized as a strong and a])le lawyer, whose
legal counsel was sound and whose powers of discrimination and analyzation
enabled him to readily master all the details of his cases and win succcess in
their conduct. In 1893 he was created king's counsel.

While in the practice of law Colonel Cooke passed far bey.)nd the jioint
of mediocrity and won place with the capable members of the Montreal bar.'
He was also active as a political leader and particiiiated in many of the contests
of his day. Originally his support was given the conservative party and as its
candidate he won the seat for Drunimond county in 1892. remaining a member
of the provincial house throughout the session. He was ever fearless in sup-
port of his honest convictions, however, and when he was led to change his
opinions by reason of his study of political conditions and situations he did not
hesitate to become a liberal and in 1897 contested the seat for St. Lawrence

Vol. in— 29

666 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

division, but was defeated by A. W. Atwater, K. C. Soon after tine election
he was named crown prosecutor and acted in that capacity with Rudolph
Lemieux, K. C. He was succeeded in the position by Edmund Guerin, K. C,
now the Hon. Justice Guerin. In 1907 Colonel Cooke was named registrar for
Alontreal West and continued in that position until his demise. While in the
legislature he was instrumental in securing the passage of a bill prohibiting the
sale or use of tobacco or opium to or by minors. He never hesitated to advo-
cate the principles which he deemed beneficial measures in good government
or factors in the welfare and progress of city and province.

Colonel Cooke's connection with military affairs began when he joined the
volunteer militia service, in which he was advanced through positions of minor
rank until he assumed command of the First Regiment, Prince of Wales Fusi-
liers. After five years, or in 1903, he retired and was placed on the R. O.
with his rank. He commanded the Bisley team in 1898. In 1902 Colonel
Cooke was presented to the present king and queen at St. James' palace.
He was also presented to King Edward and by invitation was present in West-
minster Abbey at the coronation of the late King Edward and Queen Alexandra
in 1902.

In 1880 Colonel Cooke married Miss Helen Grace Burnett, a niece of the late
Archbishop Bond, and they became the parents of a daughter and two sons.
Violet Burnett ; Herbert G., who was educated in the city schools and ^IcGill
University and is connected with the office of registrar of Montreal West;
A. Douglas, educated in the city schools and McGill University, is now, connected
with the engineering department of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He married
Nita K. Wallace. The death of Colonel Cooke occurred on the 28th of July,
1913, when he was but fifty-five years of age. His record is one of usefulness in
the public service, of devotion to the interests of his clients and of fidelity to the
ties of home and friendship.

EDMUND HOLYOKE HEWARD.

A few years prior to his death Edmund Holyoke Heward of Montreal retired
from active business. He had been prominently connected with banking inter-
ests, and his colleagues remember him as a man of progressive spirit and marked
capacity for handling the multiplicity of details as well as the principal features
that arise in connection with the banking business. The family name figures
in the military history of the country. His grandfather, Stephen Heward,
was in command of a force of men at the capture of Fort Detroit. The father,
Augustus Heward, was associated with Lieutenant Colonel Osborne Smith in
founding the Victoria Volunteer Rifles, now the Third X'ictoria Rifles, of which
Lieutenant Colonel Smith became the first commander, while Mr. Heward became
the first major, but subse<|uently succeeded to the command.

Edmund H. Heward was born in the family residence at Cote des Neiges,
in 1841. He was educated under Dr. Howe at the Montreal high school and
entered into the wholesale hardware business of ^lulholland & Baker w^hen in his
teens. His initial business experience came through several years' connection

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 667

with that house, at the end of which time he entered the service of the Merchants
Bank of Canada, with which he was associated for more than thirty years.
Gradual advancement brought him to an eminent jjosition in banking circles. He
possessed unusual ability in co-ordinating forces and unifying elements into a
harmonious whole. For some time he was manager of the .St. Johns (Quebec)
branch of the bank, but afterward returned to Montreal and established the Notre
Dame street branch and later the .St. Catherine West branch of the same bank.
As the years passed on every feature of the banking business became familiar to
him, and his thorough understanding thereof was manifest in his executive direc-
tion and capable control. He retiretl a few years prior to his death, possessed of a
handsome competence that was the legitimate and logical reward of his effort and
capability.

Mr. Reward married Miss Alice Ward, a daughter of the late Hon. J. K.
Ward of Montreal, and unto tliem were born six children. Mr. Heward joined
his father's old regiment, the \'ictoria Rifles, with which he went to the front
in the last F'enian raid and was present at the affair at Pigeon Hill. He was a
handsome man of tine physiipie and unfailing courtesy — a gentleman of the old
school. His death on May 17, 1910, occasioned deep regret in both the business
and social circles of Montreal.

ROBERT BRUCE TAYLOR, D. D.

Rev. Robert Bruce Taylor, author and minister of the gospel and since 1911
pastor of St. Paul's Presbyterian church in Montreal, "was born in Cardross,
Scotland, October 22, 1869. He acquired his education in Glasgow University,
from which he was graduated M. A. with the class of 1890, and he afterward
was a student in the Free Church College. After completing this course he
entered Gottingen University and later studied Arabic at Beirut and Damascus.
He was a student in three German theological' schools and prepared most
thoroughly for his chosen life work. After his ordination he was placed in
charge of the Loudoun Free Church in .Ayrshire and was transferred from there
to Ferryhill, Aberdeen. His third charge was at St. John's Wood, London, Eng-
land, whence in 191 1 he came to Montreal, assuming his present duties as pastor
of St. Paul's Presbyterian church. This is one of the oldest Presbyterian
congregations in the city, having been organized in 1832 by Edward Black, D. D.
The church was located on St. Flelen's street until 1867, in January of which
vear the erection of the present edifice was begun. The church was dedicated Sep-
tember 27, 1868, and cost $100,000. The first pastor, Dr. Edward Black, died in
May. 1845, and was succeeded by Robert AIcGill, who passed away in 1856.
Dr. Snodgrass then had charge of the congregation until 1864 and his successor
was Dr. Jenkins, who remained in charge from 1865 to 1881. Dr. Barkley did able
and capable work from 1883 until 1910, being succeeded by Rev. Robert Bruce
Taylor, the present incumbent. The congregation has numbered among its mem-
bers such distingnuished men as Lord Strathcona and Lord Mount Stephen and it
numbers now eight hundred souls. Its affairs are in a flourishing and prosperous
condition for Dr. Taylor administers them ably and in a way which shows him a

668 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

man of excellent executive and organizing power as well as a zealous and untir-
ing religious worker. He has organized a club of girls working in stores in the
city and has also a Men's Club, both of which organizations have been fruitful
of much good.

Dr. Taylor married a daughter of Professor McKendrick, LL. D., of Glasgow,
Scotland, and both are well known in social circles in ^Montreal. Dr. Taylor is a
writer of considerable reputation and besides being the author of a book on
Economics, written for the Student Christian Movement, has contributed largely
to serial publications on religious and historical topics, accomplishing such able
and farsighted work in the interests of his religion that he has been called "the
crown jewel of a Presbyterian minister."

CHARLES AUGUSTE DE LOTBINIERE HARWOOD, K. C.

Charles Auguste de Lotbiniere Harwood, a lawyer of the Montreal bar,
who prepared for practice at McGill and is now a member of the well known
firm of Lighthall & Harwood, was born at Vaudreuil, P. 0., August 2, 1869,
his parents being Robert William and Charlotte ( McGillis) Harwood. The
father was member of parliament for Vaudreuil in the house of commons from
1872 until 1878. The mother was a daughter of John McGillis, laird of Williams-
town, Glengarry, Ontario. The Harwoods are closely connected with the de
Lotbiniere family and are seigneurs of Vaudreuil.

Liberal educational opportunities equipped Charles A. Harwood for the
duties of a professional career. He was educated at St. Laurent College and Laval
University. His professional training was received at McGill University, from
which he was graduated B. C. L. in 1893. He became an advocate in 1895 and is
now actively engaged in the practice of hi.s profession in Montreal as a member of
the law firm of Lighthall & Harwood. His ability is evidenced in the success which
has attended his efiforts in the trial of important cases, which he has ever prepared
with great thoroughness and care. In October, 191 1, he was made a king's counsel,
his ability thus winning recognition.

In politics Mr. Harwood is a liberal-conservative, and his activity in behalf of
the principles in which he believes has been an effective force in the attainment of
success. He served as secretary of the Conservative Association in tlie county
of Vaudreuil and became a recognized leader of his party. He has been inti-
mately connected with the municipal reform movements of Montreal and served
first as a director, then as recording secretary and is now ser\'ing as vice president
of the Montreal Citizens' Association.

In September, 1898, occurred the marriage of Mr. Harwood and Miss Marie
Adelaide Masson. a daughter of the late Hon. L. R. Masson, lieutenant governor
of Quebec. They reside at No. 162 Hutchison street, Montreal, and have a
summer home, Les Chenaux, at Vaudreuil. Mr. Harwood belongs to the Lilu^ral-
Conservative Club of Montreal and is a past president of the Cartier Club of
Montreal. He also has membership in the Historical Landmarks Association,
and after having been for many years honorary recording secretary is now a

C. A. DK LOTBIXIKKE HARWOOD

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 671

vice president of the Numismatic and Anti(|uarian Society of ^lontreal. He has
delved deep into the historic past and is the author of various valuable historical
papers, including one entitled The h'ort ( larry Convention. His religious l)elief
is that of the Roman Catholic church. A man of broad intelligence and high
ideals, his life record has counted for much in the field of professional and
scientific progress.

MAJOR DA\TD SKATH.

Major David Seath occupies an important position in the public service of
the Dominion as secretary and treasurer of the harbor commission of- Montreal.
He is a son of the late Robert Seath, a wholesale clothing merchant of Montreal,
and Margaret (Stephen) Seath. Born in Montreal on May 9, 1847, he subse-
quently attended the high school in this city and the parish school at Ste.
Rose, province of Quebec. In 1864 he entered the employ of his father and
subsequently became connected with the firm of Tyre, Perkins & Lajoie, account-
ants and assignees, of vidiich he subsequently became a member under the firm
style of Lajoie, Seath & Perrault, which was formed in 1877. The firm also was
for a time known under the style of Thibaudeau & Seath, and of this firm our
subject was a partner until 1895. From that year until 1898 he was president
and manager of the Perrault Printing Company. At that time he was also
a member of the board of license commissioners of Montreal. In 1898 he was
apjjointed secretary and treasurer of the harbor commissioners board of Mon-
treal, which office he has ever since held. His public record is one to be highly
commended.

Mr. Seath is a justice of the peace and has to his credit a long military career
in the volunteer service, his years of active duty comprising those between 1864
and 1905. He joined the Victoria Rifles as a private in 1864 and took part
in the Fenian raid in 1866 and 1870, receiving in the latter year the medal and
two clasps. During that time, in 1867, he was gazetted lieutenant in the Sixth
Regiment, Hochelaga Light Infantry. He attained the rank of captain in the
Sixth Fusiliers and in 1905 rejoined this regiment, known as the "Prince of
Wales'," as paymaster with the honorary rank of major, retiring in the same
year. Besides his Fenian raids medals and clasps, he holds the colonial auxiliary
forces officers' long service decoration. He was instrumental in having the serv-
ices of the volunteers for the Fenian raids recognized by the government. Besides
acting as justice of the peace he is also commissioner for receiving affidavits. from
outside the province of Ontario to be used in Ontario and is commissioner of the
superior court of the province of Quebec.

Major Seath was married in September, 1904, to Miss Emma A. Fish,
of W'estmount, on which occasion he was presented with a valuable service
of plate by the Montreal harbor commissioners. In religious faith he is an
Anglican and his political convictions incline him towards the liberal party.
Mr. Seath stands high in Freemasonry, having attained the thirty-second degree.
He has been grand registrar of the grand lodge of Quebec and grand scribe,
grand treasurer and grand first principal of the grand chapter of Quebec. He is a

672 HISTORY OP MONTREAL ,

Knight Templar and an officer of the A. & A. Scotish Rite. The family
residence is at 95 Mackay street, Montreal. Hon. Robert Mackay, the dis-
tinguished statesman and man of afifairs, says of him : "An officer of long and
faithful service who was and is always at his post" ; and this statement expresses
his faithfulness to duty perhaps better than anything that could be said in
addition.

ALBERT E. DE LORIMIER, K. C.

Albert E. de Lorimier is a successful and distinguished lawyer of Montreal.
He belongs to an old French family, one member of which. Count de Chamilly,
was marshal of France, and another, Count d'Estoges de Lorimier, was executed
with Louis XVI for his loyalty and devotedness to his king.

His direct ancestor in Canada, Guillaume de Lorimier, sieur des Bordes en
Gatinais, came to Montreal in the seventeenth century with Governor Marquis de
Denonville. His great-grandfather, Claude Guillaume de Lorimier, knight of
the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis of France, distinguished himself at
Fort George and at the siege of Corlar. His grandfather, Major Guillaume de
Lorimier, author of "My Services During the War of the American Invasion,"
served with his brother Chamilly under General Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dor-
chester, on Lake Champlain in 1775. One of his uncles, Captain William de
Lorimier of the Fencibles, was killed at Chrysler's Farm in 1813.

A. E. de Lorimier was born at Sault St. Louis, in the province of Quebec, and
is the son of Georges Antoine de Lorimier and Mrs. Marje L. McComber. He
acquired his early education at the Huntingdon Academy, Huntingdon, com-
pleted his classics at St. Mary's College, Montreal, and was admitted to the prac-
tice of law in July, 1885, after having graduated LL.B. from Laval L^niversity.
He speaks the French and English languages fluently and equally well.

In October, 1886, he married Miss Mina de Lorimier, daughter of Mr. Justice
Charles Chamilly de Lorimier of Montreal, and both are well known in social
circles of this city.

Mr. de Lorimier first formed partnership with the Hon. F. X. Trudel, late
Senator; N. Charbonneau. now Mr. Justice Charbonneau, and Gustave Lamothe,
K. C, and later with Charles Chamilly de Lorimier, now Mr. Justice de Lorimier,
and finally with D. Girouard, late justice of the supreme court of Canada. In
1896 he took the Hon. Sir Auguste R. Angers in his firm known as Angers, de
Lorimier iS; (iodin. He was created king's counsel in 1903 and was on several
occasions elected member of the council of the bar. He declined the honor to
represent his native county in the Dominion parliament and to stand as an alder-
man in the Centre ward of Montreal, ])rcferring to devote all his lime and knowl-
edge to his clientage. He was in his earlier days twice president of 1, 'Union Cath-
olique of Montreal and is a life governor of Notre Dame Hospital and of L'Ecole
Sociale Populaire. He enjoys the reputation of being one of the prominent and
most respected barristers in Montreal. The future, undoubtedly, holds for him
still greater distinction and honor in his chosen field.

ALBKKT K. 1)1". I.OKIMIKR

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 675

HON. JOHN YOUNG.

For twenty-five years Hon. John \'()ung was one of the harbor commissioners
of Montreal and no one did more for the development and protection of the
shipping industry at this point. Indeed his whole life was largely devoted to the
public service and there are few men who have the insight and the prescience
to recognize possibilities and opixjrtunities for the general good as he did and
the perseverance and determination to use such opportunities for the benefit of
the many. His country will ever remember him with gratitude and his friends
with deep affection, for aside from his public career there were in him traits
of character that endeared him closely to those with whom he came in contact
through other relations. He bound his friends to him with hoops of steel when
their adoption had been tried, and at all times he held friendship as something
sacred and inviolable.

Born in .Ayr, Scotland, March ii, 1811, Hon. John Young attended the parish
school, and his aptitude in his studies was manifest in the fact that when but
fourteen years of age he obtained the appointment of master of the parish school
at Coylton, near Ayr, where he taught for eighteen months. He early developed
the habits of industry and cheerful perseverance which characterized his after
life and in 1826, when a youth of fifteen, he completed his arrangements to be-
come a resident of Canada, attracted by favorable reports concerning the great
opportunities of the new world. His initial business experience here came to him
as a clerk in the emjjloy of John Torrance and the development of his powers
and capacity is shown in the fact that in 1835, when but twenty-four years of
age. he became a partner of David Torrance in the firm of Torrance & Young,
which for five years continued in business at Quebec.

From early manhood he was a student of the signs of the times and business
never claimed his undivided attention. He carefully and systematically managed
his interests, but he also found time to perform the duties of citizenship wisely
and well and he became a leader of public thought and action. At an early day
he urged upon Lord Gosford the forming of vokmteer corps but the governor
general felt there was little reason to comply with this request. It was not long,
however, before events proved the soundness of his advice and when the rebellion
came Mr. Young volunteered for service in a regiment of light infantry which
was raised in twenty-four hours and in which he became a captain.

When his aid was no longer needed Mr. Young returned to Montreal and
became a partner of Harrison Stephens in the firm of Stephens, Young & Com-
pany which occupied a prominent position in business circles of Montreal for
many years. His personal interests took him largely over the west and in his
travels and his study of business conditions he saw how valuable was the St.
Lawrence system as a factor in the commercial history of the American continent,
furnishing the course of the natural routes to the seaboard- It seemed that
he never lost sight of any point bearing upon the subject which came so close
to his heart — the development of the shipping industries of Montreal — and eventu-
ally he became recognized as the greatest canal authority in America.

Another important public enterprise with which he was associated at about
that period was the organization and establishment of the Mercantile Library
Association. Public feeling was not in sympathy with such a movement at that

676 HISTORY OF .MONTREAL

time and only four people were present when the system was formed. Writing
of this period, a contemporary biographer has said: "The change in public
feeling as to educational advantages then and now is well instanced by the fact
that, besides Mr. Young, only four persons were present at the meeting when
this society was commenced. In 1844 party spirit ran high and serious trouble
was expected at the general election. Secret societies were in existence, and
political associations formed everywhere for the purpose, as was avowed, of
gaining by force what could not be secured otherwise. At such a time the
post of returning officer was difficult and dangerous, and though the selection
of a man to fill it might be esteemed a high compliment to his personal char-
acter, it involved also a personal risk which required the utmost coolness, deter-
mination, tact and courage in the recipient. Lord ^Metcalfe's advisers selected
John Young as the man for the emergency. The result soon showed that their
confidence had been well placed. Mr. Young seems to have realized to the
utmost the necessities and perils of the office. Fearlessly, op.enly and with the
utmost judgment, he laid his plans so well and used the powers of his position
to such effect that, contrary to all expectation, the election passed oft without
any breach of the peace. He seized arms and other illegal weapons wherever
thev could be found, and without regard to threats. When the secret societies
became openly defiant he called out the troops, who were ably managed by him,
and overawed the disorderly and turbulent so effectually that no rioting took
place. Mr. Young's services were so highly appreciated by Lord Metcalfe that
they were mentioned in the despatches sent to the Colonial office and, were the
subject of special acknowledgment by the secretary of state for the colonies.
They were also warmly testified to by Sir James Hope, who was then commander
in chief at Montreal."

Another important phase in Canadian life that called forth the attention and
the cooperation of Mr. Young was the principle of free trade. He was one
of its most stalwart champions, and upon the organization of the Free Trade
Association in this city he became its president. He was a frequent contributor
of articles upon the subject to the Economist and to other papers and also
wrote pamphlets which had an important eff'ect upon public thought and action.
He believed that the adoption of free trade measures would constitute the most
effective force in making Canada a great commercial and business center. At
times in his life his ideas were ridiculed as those of a dreamer, but the years
proved the soundness of his vision and men came to rely upon his opinion.

His connection with the harbor work and the improvement of the chan-
nel between Montreal and Quebec began in 1846 and later occupied much of
his time and attention. He was active, too, with those who were foremost in
furthering the railroad built, and he was one of the organizers of the Montreal
& Portland Railway Company and also active in jjromoting the line from Mont-
real to Toronto, as president of the company having that in charge. The work
was of a most difficult nature, for the promoters had to solve at least in part
the great engineering problems of railroad building and not merely finance the
project. It was Mr. Young who proposed the building of a bridge across the
St. Lawrence. Again well known business men scoffed at the plan but the
Victoria bridge stands as a monument to his public spirit and his enterprise,
and has converted Montreal from a fifth rate harbor into a first class port at a

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 677

distance from the seaboard without a parallel in the world. Mr. Young's keen
appreciation of the cai)alMlities of engineering as a profession and his confidence
in the application of education and trained reason to the overcoming of all
natural and mechanical difficulties which always was noticeable in his intercourse
with the professional men with whom his life brought him into contact, was
beyond doubt one of the most effective means of securing consideration for
this work and (jf urging on the genius of Stephenson to an achievement then
sujiposed to be impossible. Men believed Mr. Young to be visionary when he
attempted the task of sounding the river that he might point out the exact
situation where he bridge should be built and which it actually occupies. It
was at about the same period that he devised a plan for the Caughnawaga canal
whereby to connect the St. Lawrence river and Lake Champlin and thus secure
another outlet to the sea. I lis efforts were a notable force in making Montreal
a grain shipping center and when the St. Lawrence canals were opened in i<'^49
he sent the first cargo of merchandise from Montreal to Chicago and brought
back the first cargo of American grain. The rapid growth of shipping at this
point and certain trouble that arose concerning the unloading of vessels im-
pressed upon Mr. Young the need of a harbor police and he presented the matter
so forcefully to the government that a water police force was created.

In 185 1 Mr. Young b}' popular suffrage was made the representative of his
district in parliament and in October of that year became chief commissioner
of public works and a member of the board of railway commissioners in the
Hincks-Tache administration. He advocated the building of a railroad from
Halifax to Quebec and Montreal and thence westward. His plans were not
adopted at that time and only came to fruition in 1877. In the same year he
strongly urged the establishment of a fortnightly mail service between Montreal
and Liverpool in the summer and between Portland and Liverpool in the winter.
In 1854 he was again made the Montreal representative in parliament, where
he entered earnestly upon the work of chairman of the committee on public
accounts. In 1857 he declined to again stand for parliament, but it was impos-
sible for one of his nature to retire from public life so conscientious was he
regarding the duties of citizenship. In iSfx) he retired from business with a
handsome fortune and the same year was chosen chairman of the committee
of arrangements for the most gigantic and successful series of entertainments
ever held in Montreal up to that time on the occasion of the visit of His Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales, afterward King Edward. About that time Mr.
Young went to Scotland for the further education of his family, returning in
1862. In 1863 he was the nominee of the liberal party for Montreal West, but
was defeated. In that year, however, he was made a cominissioner to Wash-
ington to consider the reciprocity treaty.

All of these activities, although imjiortant, were less so than his life work
in making Montreal a seaport and improving the navigation of the St. Law-
rence. No other single project has so greatly benefited the city and this sec-
tion of the country. The name of the Hon. John Young will always be con-
nected with its successful accomplishment and he is entitled to the grateful
remembrance of the citizens of Montreal for all time. He had the opportunity
of furthering his projects and plans of this kind through his membership on
the harbor board. As the result of his efforts Montreal ceased to be a mere

678 HISTORY OF MONTREAL

landing place for boatmen and liecame a great shipping port. He had the great-
est faith in the possibilities of the growth of Montreal and with it the progress
of the Dominion and urged that this would be brought about through the devel-
opment of the St. Lawrence, which he claimed to be the natural outlet for the
western part of the United States as well as for the products of western Canada.
As the result of his untiring labors in 1843 ''^^ government determined to deepen
Lake St. Peter but very little was done until 185 1. In 1854 Mr. Young en-
tered upon active measures to promote the work and by persistent efforts the
channel was deepened to sixteen feet in 1857 and still further the work was
continued until the channel depth became twenty-two feet. Statistics could
be cited showing how year by year the shipping was increased after the work
of river and harbor improvements was begun. No other man did as much as
Mr. Young in urging these great improvements of the water communications
connecting Montreal with the sea. In all of his public service he looked beyond
the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future,
beyond the needs of his city and immediate district to the questions affecting the
entire Dominion. In 1875 he served as chairman of the Baie Verte canal com-
mission and returned a most exhaustive and valuable report. He was also the
promoter of dock extension and secured the services of the most eminent
engineers of Europe and America to carry forward the work.

Mr. Young's prominence as a business man and public-spirited citizen is fur-
ther indicated in the fact that he was many times elected president of the Mont-
real Board of Trade and was the first president of the Dominion Board of
Trade. After he had long retired from parliament the members induced him
to once more stand for election, and he was returned by a most flattering major-
ity. In 1873 he would not consent to again become a candidate and on the
reorganization of the harbor board he was reelected its chairman. His entire
service on the board covered a quarter of a century and during fourteen years of
that time he was chairman. His last public service was as commissioner for
Canada to the exposition in Sydney, Australia, whereby trade relations between
Canada and Australia were largely promoted as the result of the reports which
he made concerning the latter country.

Time gives the perspective which places each individual in his proper rela-
tion to his age. It is a well known fact that investigation will but serve to
heighten the fame of John Young, for history has proven how valuable were
his efforts, how far reaching his activities, how clear his insight and how sound
his judgment. Today his name is inscribed high on the roll of Montreal's honored
dead, w^hile his memory is enshrineci in the hearts of many who knew him.

JOHN GORDON.

John Gordon, founder of the wholesale dry-goods commission house of
John Gordon & Son, of Montreal, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. December r2,
1S33. He was a young man of twenty years when in 1853 he came to Montreal to
enter the employ of the old and well known firm of William Stephen & Company.
He was afterward a member of the firm of James Roy & Company and from

m

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a
o

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o
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2^

HISTORY OF MONTREAL 681

December, 1891, until his death, which occurred on the 12th of October, 1895, he
was at the head of the wholesale house of John Gordon & Son. Ilis advance-
ment was continuous, and the steps in his orderly progression are easily discernible.
His career was one of constantly broadening activity, and his developing powers
contributed to the importance and extent of his achievements. Few men have
gained higher esteem and respect, and he left to his family the rich heritage
of an untarnished name, won througji Inisiness integrity and kindly courtesy,
constituting an example that others might i)rotitably emulate.

Mr. Gordon was a member of the Board of Trade and was interested in
municipal affairs to the extent of giving hearty cooperation to various plans and
projects for the pulilic good. His life was actuated in its purposes by his Christian
faith, which found expression in his membership in the Erskine Pre-sbyterian
church.

Mr. Gordon married Miss Jane Roy, a daughter of James Roy, and they became
parents of three sons, Charles B., James R. and William G. R. The second
named, who was his father's partner in the firm of John Gordon & Son and is
now head of the business, was born in Montreal, January 7, 1870, and pursued
his education in this city. Making his initial step in the business world, he was
for four years witV\ the house of George D. Ross & Company, manufacturers'
agents, and in 1891 he joined his father, in organizing tlie firm and in.stituting the
business of John Gordon & Son. The establishment remains today as one of the
foremost wholesale dry-goods commission houses of Montreal, with trade con-
nections that lead to all provinces of the Dominion.

James R. Gordon was married to Miss Catherine Mclntyre, and they have
three children, J. Archibald, J. Kenneth and Bruce Mclntyre. Mr. Gordon's deep
interest in the material development of the city is indicated in his membership
in the Board of Trade and the Chambre de Commerce. He is also a member of
St. James and other clubs.

DAVID ROSS McCORD.

The unusual gifts of ready wit and great culture of David Ross McCord
have made him a man of influence not only in the legal profession but in con-
nection with various important public events and questions. Montreal numbers
him among her native sons, his birth having occurred in this city March 18, 1844.
The ancestry of the family in Canada is traced back to John McCord, who came
from Antrim, Ireland, during the early settlement of the province of Quebec.
The father of David R. ^McCord was the late Lieutenant Colonel Hon. John
Samuel McCord, who became a judge of the superior court of Lower Canada
and was recognized as one of the distinguished jurists of his day. He married
Anne, a daughter of David Ross, an advocate of Montreal.

In the acquirement of his education David R. McCord attended successively
the Montreal high school, McGill University, which conferred upon him the
Bachelor of Arts degree in 1862 and the degrees of Master of Arts and Bachelor
of Civil Law in 1867; and Bishop's Collegiate University of Lennoxville, which
conferred upon him the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1864. In 1868 he was called

Li

.632- / O '^ HISTORY OF MONTREAL

to the bar and entered at once upon active practice. In 1895 he was created
king's counselor by the Earl of Aberdeen. From the outset of his professional
career his advancement has been continuous and long since he has reached a
foremost position among the advocates of Montreal. He finds ready and cor-
rect solution for intricate and involved legal problems and possesses rare analyt-
ical and inductive powers.

The question of public policy as set forth by the political parties of the
day are of deep interest to him and at one time he was secretary of the Liberal-
Conservative Association. For many years he served as one of the alderaien
of Montreal and exercised his official prerogatives in support of various meas-
ures and movements for the benefit and improvement of the city. In 1901 he
advocated the appointment of a Canadian as governor general of the Dominion.
Aside from his interest in his profession and the public questions of the day
he has been a close student of. natural history and has formed at his residence
the nucleus of a natural museum. His religious faith is that of the Anglican
church. Today his opinions are accepted as authority upon all matters relating
to the annals of the country and of him the Alontreal Herald said: "He prob-
ably has a more intimate knowledge of early Canadian history than any other
man living." His studious habits have brought him familiarity with a wide
range of subjects, and his scholarly attainments have gained him place among
the respected and honored residents of Montreal.

INDEX

Adami, J. G 301 RlDoinliclii. Hairy

Allan, Sir Hugh 635

Allan, Sir H. M 660

Allan, John 295

Almond, J. M 215

Ames, H. B 618

Angers, E.-R 562

Angus D. F 554

Angus, W. F 537

Archambault, A. S 418

Arehambault, J. B 632

Archambault, J. L 19

Archibald, J. S 488

Ardley, W. H 151

Arnton, J. J 609

Asselin, Joseph 503

Asselin, J. F. 0 501

Asselin, N. H 508

Atherton, \V. H 648

- Avard, J. G 489

Badeaux, L. G 505

Badgley, J. C. N 20

Bagg Family 406

Barlow, J. R 169

Barron, R. H 98

Baudouin, Philibert 37

Beaudin, Simeon 638

Beaudoin, Louis 368

-Beaudry, J. P , 355

Becket, R. A 316

Belanger, Leandre 586

Bell, James 14

Bennett, James 423

Benoit, D. A 526

Benson, G. F 87

Bernier, Charles 020

Berryer-Saint-Pierre, H. C 550

Biron, Edouard 436

Bissonnet, A. E. J 479

Black, C. M 119

Blaiklock, M. S 139

Bloomfield, Baruch 314

297

Bolton, W. E 80

Bond, \V. L 216

Bonin, J. A 413

Bourgault, J. A 170

Boyd. L. H 465

Boyor, Aurelien 205

Briggs, C. A 156

Brisset des Nos, Paul 580

Brodeur, Donat 273

Brophy, J. C 393

Brossard, Edmond 358

Brosseau, A. S 523

Brown, E.N 620

Brown, G. A 31

Browne, A. A 266

Browne, Fitz- James E 579

Browning, J. M 144

Buchan, J. S 230

Buchanan, A. W. P 473

Buller, Frank 105

Bulmer, T. C 398

Burke, David 129

Busby, Thomas 566

Byrd, Charles 176

Cahan, C. H 585

Cameron, A. G 235

Cameron, J. C 506

Campbell, A. H 490

Campbell, D. W 279

Campbell, F. W 63

Campbell, G. A 434

Campbell, M. A 593

Campbell. Rollo '. . . 58

Cantile, G. S 559

Cas.sils, A. M 240

Caverhill, George 65

Champagne, E. 0 590

Chaput, Charles 656

Charbonneau, Napoleon 517

Charters, Frank 174

Chausse, J. A 373

Cliaase, Aime % 660

683

684

INDEX

Cholette, Edouard 284

Choquet, F. X 594

Cleghorn, J. P 145

Clouston, Sir E. S 32

Cohen, Hirsch 29G

Cohen, Lyon 624

Cooke, J. P 665

Cotton, CM • • • • 92

Cousincau, Philemon . . . ; 230

Couture. J. A 161

Cramp, G. B 188

Creak, George 380

Creelman, J.J 430

Crepeau, F. G 520

Curran, J. J 260

Gushing, Dougall 53

Dale, J. A 350

Daly, George 3j7

Daoust. Maxime 519

David, L. 0 382

Davidson. Thornton 80

Davis, H. W 103

Davis, M. B 375

Dawes. A. J 192

Dawson, T. J 369

Day, J. G 387

Deeary, E. R 342

Decary, L. J. T 310

DeCew, J. A 334 ,

Deguire, A. S : 606

Delisle, Arthur 98

de Lorimier, A. E 672

de Martigny, R. L 517

Desautels, Oscar 363

Desbarats, G. E •• • • 469

Desearries, .J. A 38

Desjardins, J. L 296

de Sola, Abraham 69

de Sola, C. 1 571

Desroches. J. 1 493

Dickson, Norval 69

Dillon, John 164

Dodds, W. O. H 59

Donnelly, J. E 356

Drouin, Joseph 544

Drummond, Sir G. A '304

Dubrcuil, J. F ISO

Duclos, C. A 218

Dufresne, A. B 211

Dupuis, j: N. 0 376

Dupuis, L. N 88

Dupuis, P. L .400

Dupuis, Rosairc 448

Dussault, J. C. H 241

Ecrcmcnt. Arthur 174

Edgar, John 252

Eliott, G. O. R 205

Elliot, James 158

Elliott, H. J 598

Emard, J. U 531

Emery-Coderre, Joseph 574

England, F. R 132

Evans, W. N 381

Ewing, A. S 131

Ewing, S. H 483

Ewing, W. H. 421

Findlay, W. E 380

Fineberg, Zigmond 625

Fontaine, D. A 499

Forbes, J. G. L 478

Forest, Alfred 495

Forget, L. J 112

Forget, Sir Rodolpbe 577

Fortier, L. E 662

Fowler, Robert 273

Frigon, A. P 286

Gadbois-Van dan Daigue, Emilien 532

Gagnier, L. A 556

Gale, Samuel 54

Gauthicr, Thomas 538

Geoffrion, Aime 361

Geoffrion, Amedee 623

Gibeault, Arthur 525

:r Giroux, Napoleon 399

Ciohier, Edouard 573

Gohier, Remi, Sr 418

Gonthier, Georges 100

Gordon, C. B 464

Gordon, John 678

Gordon, J. A 271

Gordon, Nathan 283

Gouin, Sir Lomer 583

Gould, C. H 272

Grandbois, H. A. E 252

Gravel, J. 0 18

Gravel, Ludger 344

Gray, H. R H

Greene, David 99

Guerin, J. J. E 130

Guertin, C. A 338

Guimond, J. L. A 97

Guindon. J. M 644

Guy Family 415

Guyon, Louis 43

IladriU, George 43

Hague, George 322

Hamilton, W. F 83

Hannaford, E. P 439

Hart, A. J m

Hart, R. A. B HI

INDEX

685

Harwood, C. A. de L 668

Hastings, (ieoige 349

Hastings, W. A 93

Hawksworth, Alfred 403

Kayos, C. A 167

Hays, CM 44

Hubert, Albort 484

Hubert, C. P 328

Hubert, E. N 233

Hubert, Rene 338

Hf'bcrt, Zepliirin 364

Hetleinan, T. F 562

Henderson, L. L 285

Henry, A. C 86

Henshaw, H. H '3T9

Heward, E. H 666

Hibbard, F. VV 198

Hickson, Sir Joseph 614

Hill, C. G 254

Kingston, Sir VV. H 641

Kogan, Henry 152

Kolgate, Henry 555

Hope, W. H 823

Hopper, R. T 428

Hunt, T. S 194

Hurtubise, Gabriel 187

Hutchison, A. C 274

Inglis, R.J 463

Jamieson, R. C 440

Johnston, James 12

Kavanagh, A. 0 446

Kavanagh, Walter 393

La Badie, J. A. 0 524

Labelle, A. E. D 416

Lacasse, N. U 104

Lacasse, P.-C 265

Lachapelle, E. P 182

Ladouceur, B. N 245

Lafontaine, Adrien 387

Lamarche, J. P 613

Latour, L. D 280

Laurendeau, Charles 512

Learmont, J. B 218

Leclerc, C. E 64

Leduc, F. G 319

-Legare, J. B. D 268

Letourneau, Severin 345

Lighthall, W. D 542

Linton, Robert 445

Loranger, L. .1 . 393

Loranger, L. 0 589

Lovell, R. K 59

Lyall, Peter 210

Lyman, Charles 560

McArthur, Colin 466

McCuskill, D. A 480

McConnoll, J. B 898

MeCord, 1). R 681

McDoniihl, Duncan 613

McDougall, Thomas 267

MoKenna, .James 428

McKenna, Patrick 424

McShane, G. F. J 567

McShane, James 631

Macaulay, T. B 405

MacCallum, D. C 411

Macdonald, J. K 441

MacDougall, D. L 417

MacDougall, G. C 240

Macfarlane, Lawrence : 362

Maekay, Hugh 289

MacMahon, T. J 332

Maguire, C. H 392

Mann, J. A 530

Manson, A. C 331

JIarechal, L. T 502

Martin, J. E 167

Martin, R. D 94

Martincau, J. F. V 430

Mathicu, Michel 84

Matthews, G. H 126

Maxwell. W. S 340

May rand, Georges 566

Meighen, Robert 74

Melancon, Bernard" 187

Mercier, Honore, Jr 494

Mercier, Honore 544

Mercier, P. E 604

Midland, Alexander 140

Midland, J. L 529

Michaud, J. W 530

Miles, Henry 388

Mitchell, .John 313

Mitchell, V. E 150

Monette, G. A 518

Morgan, F. C 637

Morgan, Henry & Co., Ltd 629

Morgan, James 605

Montgomery, G. H. A 352

Monty, Rodolphe 303

Morin, Victor 248

Morriee, David 179

Moyse, C. E 321

Mullin, Patrick 447

Mullin, R. T 511

Mus.sen, Thomas 209

Nicholls, A. G ; 125

O'Connor, .James 224

Ogden, I. G 584

686

INDEX

Ogilvie, W. W 106

O'Meaia, William 367

Orr -Lewis, Frederic 5G1

Ouimet, J. A 199

Ouimet, Seraphin 410

Patenaude, E. L 488

Paterson, William 496

Paterson, W. S 356

Paton, James 514

Patterson. William 647

Perliam, L. U 434

Phillips, C. S. J 234

Phillips, Thomas 434

Phillips, Thomas, Jr 422

Piche, J. G 487

Pigeon, R. A. J 376

Pillow, H. W 609

Pillow. J. A 157

Pratt, Jolin 130

Prefontaine, Isaie 60

Prefontaine, Raymond 651

Prendergast, W. .J 435

Pringle, Thomas 191

v/— -Rainville, J. H 535

Rankin, John 181

Reford, Robert 134

Reynolds, M. M ■ 156

Riclier, A. J 599

Rielle, Joseph 236

Rinfret, Thibaudeau 568

Riordon, Carl 384

Ritchie, T. W 124

Rivet, L. A. A 370

Robb, Thomas 259

Robertson, Andrew 474

Robertson, Farquhar 293

Robertson, William 327

Robichon, X. A 610

Roddick, Sir T. G 316

Rodier, C. S 85

Rogers, D. B 391

Rondeau, A. O 290

Rosenberg, Carl . 246

Ross, James 23

Ross, J. G 206

Routh, C. H ; 346

Roy, F. X 103

Roy, Henri 343

Roy, R. J 91

Rutlierford. William 245

St. Jacques, .1. L 346

St. Julien, J. A 512

Sammctt. M. A 626

Scott, Gilbert v 235

Seath. David 671

Shanks, W. R. L 31

Shatford, A. P 247

Shepheril, R. W 333

Ship, Fischel 337

Skinner. W. W 259

Smith, C. F 200

Smith, D. A.. Lord Strathcona 448

Smith, William 170

Starkey, T. A 655

Stephens, G. W 146

Stevenson, S. C 291

Stewart, A. D 313

Strathy , J. A. L 168

Surveyer, Arthur 500

Surveyer. E. F 536

Surveyer, L. .1. A 66

Symonds, Herbert 151

Taylor, R. B 667

Tellier, Louis i 597

Tessier, Camille 253

Thomas, F. W 394

Thompson, F. E 320

Thompson, F. W 221

Treniblaj', Joseph 600

A'anier, J. E 400

\'enne, Joseph 508

A'ersailles, Joseph 423

\'illeneuve, J. 0 162

Villeneuve, Leonidas 8

\'ineberg, Harris 227

Walker, H. E 217

Walsh. M. J 13

AVard, .T. K 643

White. W. J 133

Wliitehead, E. A 442

Whyte, W. H 513

Wilson, Daniel 173

Wilson, J. T 175

Wray, J. C .' ^^- v^

Young, .Toll II 675

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